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the life-story summarized earlier, transformed him into a cultural hero whose mother conceived him virginally. By the mid-second century C.E., Laozi had become the deity who delivered to Zhang
Daoling the revelation of a new religious faith, giving rise to the Celestial Master's school. His image was still not complete. Next, perhaps also around the second or third century CE, Laozi seems to have been identified as a creator god who also enters the world to rescue humanity from tribulation. Laozi was now capable of incarnating himself, almost like Buddhist bodhisattvas. Not long thereafter he joined the triad of the Three Pure Ones, and finally Laozi emerged as the chief divine person. We have here one of the more interesting examples of apotheosis, or deification, in the history of religion.
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of the Tao, represented by the deity "yuan shi tian wang" (heavenly king of primordial beginning), and created world as we know it. This celestial layer consisted of several different regions, located both in the far reaches of the world and in the stars, and imagined along the lines of the ancient paradises
1484:
There seem to have been a number of stages in the process of Laozi's eventual deification. First, the legendary figure began as a teacher and writer whose image eventually blended with that of the Yellow
Emperor when Laozi came to be identified as a confidant of royalty. Traditional accounts, such as
1260:
held by
Lingbao Tianzun represents authority: the second phase of Creation where the Yang was separated from the Yin and the Law of Things was ordered in place. Lingbao Tianzun then took his seat on the left of Yuanshi Tianzun. Later, when all was complete, Daode Tianzun took his place on the right,
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As the Three Pure Ones are manifestations of
Primordial Celestial Energy, they are formless. But to illustrate their role in Creation, they are often portrayed as elderly deities robed in the three basic colours from which all colours originated: Red, Blue and Yellow (or Green) depending on personal
1409:
In terms of worldview, the emergence of the Shàngqīng revelations signifies a major expansion of Taoism. Where the celestial masters had added the pure gods of the Tao to the popular pantheon, Shàngqīng enlarged this to include an entirely new layer of existence between the original, creative force
1243:
The first Pure One is universal or heavenly chi. The second Pure One is human plane chi, and the third Pure One is earth chi. Heavenly chi includes the chi or energy of all the planets, stars and constellations as well as the energy of God (the force of creation and universal love). Human plane chi
1223:
Each of the Three Pure Ones represents both a deity and a heaven. Yuanshi
Tianzun rules the first heaven, Yu-Qing, which is found in the Jade Mountain. The entrance to this heaven is named the Golden Door. "He is the source of all truth, as the sun is the source of all light". Lingbao Tianzun rules
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1480:. Daode Tianzun is also the treasurer of spirits, known as the Lord of Man who is the founder of Taoism. He is the most eminent, aged ruler, which is why he is the only Pure One depicted with pure white hair and beard.
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Schools of Taoist thought developed around each of these deities. Taoist
Alchemy was a large part of these schools, as each of the Three Pure Ones represented one of the three essential fields of the body:
1153:. However, the subject of how Two produced Three has remained a popular debate among Taoist scholars. Most scholars believe that it refers to the Interaction between Yin and Yang, with the presence of
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means. Each of them holds onto a divine object associated with their task. Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn is usually depicted holding the Pearl of
Creation, signifying his role in recreating the Universe. The
1418:. It was populated by various divine figures: pure gods of the Tao who were emanations of original cosmic qi; immortals who had attained celestial status through effort and the proper elixir...
1244:
is the energy that exists on the surface of our planet and sustains human life, and the earth force includes all of the forces inside the planet as well as the five elemental forces.
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Lingbao
Tianzun is associated with yin and yang and was responsible as the custodian of the sacred book. Lingbao Tianzun also calculates time and divides it into different epochs.
1141:, it was held that "The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things." It is generally agreed by Taoist scholars that Tao produced One means
1160:
In religious Taoism, the theory of how Tao produces One, Two, and Three is also explained. In Tao produces One—Wuji produces Taiji, which represents the Great Tao, embodied by
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who separated the Yang from the Yin, the clear from the murky, and classified the elements into their rightful groups. Therefore, he is also known as Jīngbǎo (
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1206:) "Treasure of the Law/Scripture". While Jīng in popular understanding means "scriptures", in this context it also mean "passing through" and the
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Beliefs in the Jade
Emperor were taken from other Chinese religious traditions and he was seen as their assistant who managed all of creation.
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1445:, "Lord of the Way and its Virtue", "Honoured Lord of the Tao and the Virtue", or "he Way-and-Its-Power Celestial One"), also known as the "
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over the heaven of Shang-Qing. Daode
Tianzun rules over the heaven of Tai-Qing. The Three Pure Ones are often depicted as throned elders.
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is manifested from Língbăo Tiānzūn to bring civilization and preach the Law to all living beings. Therefore, He is also known as Shībǎo (
1182:, "Heavenly King of the Never-ending Primordial Beginning") at a time of pre-Creation, manifesting into the first of the Taoist Trinity,
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with the fan symbolizing the completion of Creation, and the act of fanning representing the spreading of Tao to all Mankind.
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1186:. Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn oversees the earliest phase of Creation of the Universe, and is henceforth known as Dàobǎo (
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1336:, "Lord of Primordial Beginning" or the "Primal Celestial One") is also known as the "Jade Pure One" (
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2017:
1038:
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and the origin of all sentient beings, along with the "lords of the Three Life Principles", or
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in various ways. They were sometimes seen as literally the "Past, Present, and Future".
1120:. They were also gods who were "associated with the sky, the earth and the underworld."
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Dobbins, Frank Stockton; Williams, Samuel Wells; Halls, Isaac Hollister (1883).
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because of the heavy Christian-Taoist contact and mutual influence of the time.
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Some scholars believe depictions and theology of the Three Pure Ones from the
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1387:, "Lord of the Numinous Treasure") is also known as the "Supreme Pure One" (
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Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall
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1240:. The congregation of all three Pure Ones resulted in the return to Tao.
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1727:. Edited by Willard Gurdon Oxtoby (2nd ed.). Don Mills, Ontario:
1619:. Edited by Willard Gurdon Oxtoby (2nd ed.). Don Mills, Ontario:
1192:) "Treasure of the Tao". In One produces Two—Taiji produces Yin Yang,
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It is believed that Daode Tianzun manifested himself in the form of
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of how things are meant to be. In the final phase of Creation,
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1816:. Brighton; Portland: Sussex Academic Press. pp. 202–205.
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They were thought to be able to control and have power over
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2007:
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922:
Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
429:
1908:. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 114.
1778:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Three Times Press. p. 89.
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pantheon. They are regarded as pure manifestations of the
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2553:
1794:
Barrow, Terrence; Williams, Charles Alfred Speed (2006).
1113:
207:
171:
1814:
An introduction to the Philosophy and Religion of Taoism
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1807:. Oxford: Oxford University Press US. pp. 168–169.
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1154:
1117:
315:
1825:. California: Standard Publishing House. p. 224.
133:
1820:
1576:
Mythology: The Complete Guide to our Imagined Worlds
2496:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
1906:100 Days to Better Health, Good Sex and Long Life
1693:(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p. 71.
3415:
38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
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1866:. Detroit: Gale Research Company. p. 148.
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1948:
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1798:. Singapore: Tuttle Publishing. p. 372.
1149:, and One produced Two means Taiji produced
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1955:
1941:
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1058:
86:
1884:. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. p. 14.
1875:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 124–126.
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Highest Divinities in the Taoist pantheon
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1851:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia
1835:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia
1802:
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1354:) or "Honoured Lord of the Origin".
1288:of gods evolved into the Pure Ones.
1264:
1248:interpretation of colour origins by
1108:, are the three highest gods in the
18:
2442:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1724:World Religions: Eastern Traditions
1666:Yang, Chaoping (December 1, 2007).
1616:World Religions: Eastern Traditions
1014:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
13:
3059:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
2044:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1357:
1294:
632:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
14:
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2463:What the Master Would Not Discuss
1914:
1892:. Yang Style Tai Chi. 25 May 2001
1864:Chinese Symbols and Superstitions
1853:. Microsoft. 2008. Archived from
1837:. Microsoft. 2008. Archived from
1560:
942:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
2766:
1920:
1805:The Religious Thought of Chu Hsi
1796:Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs
1425:
1284:Also, some believe that another
170:
23:
3154:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
2528:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
2521:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
1467:) or the "Highest Elder Lord" (
735:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
2489:Records of the Grand Historian
1767:
1680:
1659:
1463:
1401:
1350:
1332:
1178:
1028:Institutions and organizations
927:The Northern Celestial Masters
134:
104:
1:
3269:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
3034:Three Great Emperor-Officials
2456:In Search of the Supernatural
2372:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1548:
1273:and after were influenced by
917:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
617:Three Great Emperor-Officials
3274:Way of the Celestial Masters
1672:(in Chinese). Archived from
1669:道德經第四十二章‧「道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物。」
1553:
1220:) "Treasure of the Master".
1179:Hùndùn Wújí Yuánshǐ Tiānwáng
1130:
912:Way of the Celestial Masters
7:
1496:
10:
3455:
3279:Northern Celestial Masters
2583:
1873:Myths and Legends of China
1786:
1776:Daoism and Chinese Culture
1574:Dell, Christopher (2012).
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1361:
1298:
1034:Chinese Taoist Association
3354:Sacred Mountains of China
3341:
3249:
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2542:Mulian Rescues His Mother
2514:Legend of the White Snake
2505:
2363:
2337:
2261:
2097:
2031:
1970:
1871:Werner, E. T. C. (2003).
1862:Morgan, Harry T. (1972).
1812:Fowler, Jeaneane (2005).
1469:
1454:
1441:
1392:
1383:
1341:
1323:
1216:
1202:
1188:
1169:
1088:, also translated as the
972:Sacred Mountains of China
354:Three Treasures (virtues)
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127:
120:
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111:
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85:
81:
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3039:Queen Mother of the West
2414:The Peach Blossom Spring
1668:
1135:From the Taoist classic
1090:Three Pure Pellucid Ones
607:Queen Mother of the West
3044:King Father of the East
2535:The Magic Lotus Lantern
2428:Investiture of the Gods
1904:Yudelove, Eric (1997).
1880:Whiting, Roger (1991).
1729:Oxford University Press
1621:Oxford University Press
612:King Father of the East
580:Four heavenly ministers
2350:Peaches of Immortality
2175:Chinese guardian lions
2098:Mythological creatures
1759:: CS1 maint: others (
1651:: CS1 maint: others (
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2435:The Sorcerer's Revolt
2023:Chinese folk religion
1803:Ching, Julie (2000).
1731:. 2002. p. 392.
1623:. 2002. p. 393.
1508:Chinese folk religion
1482:
1407:
1371:
1308:
1277:conception about the
1098:Three Divine Teachers
1983:Godly world concepts
1929:at Wikimedia Commons
1890:"The Taoist Deities"
1774:Kohn, Livia (2001).
1473:, Taishang Laojun).
876:Way of the Li Family
2803:(self-cultivation)
2449:Journey to the West
1882:Religions for Today
1580:Thames & Hudson
1094:Three Pristine Ones
92:The Three Pure Ones
2795:(external alchemy)
2787:(internal alchemy)
2470:Heavenly Questions
2284:Gate of the Ghosts
2039:Gods and immortals
2003:Gods and immortals
1687:Chua, Amy (2007).
1376:
1313:
1275:Church of the East
1009:Cebu Taoist Temple
999:White Cloud Temple
861:Way of the Taiping
42:You can assist by
3411:
3410:
3022:Tianhuang Emperor
2762:
2761:
2684:
2683:
2551:
2550:
2421:The Four Journeys
1964:Chinese mythology
1925:Media related to
1700:978-0-385-51284-8
1589:978-0-500-51615-7
1265:Syncretic beliefs
1157:, or life force.
1082:
1081:
1039:Celestial Masters
595:Tianhuang Emperor
203:Taoist philosophy
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122:Standard Mandarin
72:
71:
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3434:Taoist cosmology
3359:Wudang Mountains
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2669:(transformation)
2646:(eight trigrams)
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2554:
2506:Other folk tales
2236:Nine-headed Bird
2231:Peng (mythology)
2137:Four Holy Beasts
2032:Major personages
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3049:Eight Immortals
3007:Four Sovereigns
2995:Lingbao Tianzun
2990:Yuanshi Tianzun
2985:Three Pure Ones
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2822:Three Treasures
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2246:Nine-tailed fox
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2049:Eight Immortals
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1971:Overview topics
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1927:Three Pure Ones
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1582:. p. 341.
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1518:Quanzhen Taoism
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1379:Lingbao Tianzun
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1373:Lingbao Tianzun
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1364:Lingbao Tianzun
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1358:Lingbao Tianzun
1333:Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn
1316:Yuanshi Tianzun
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1310:Yuanshi Tianzun
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1301:Yuanshi Tianzun
1297:
1295:Yuanshi Tianzun
1267:
1198:Lingbao Tianzun
1196:manifests into
1194:Yuanshi Tianzun
1184:Yuánshǐ Tiānzūn
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1102:Three Clarities
1086:Three Pure Ones
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891:Quanzhen School
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563:Yuanshi Tianzun
558:Three Pure Ones
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3431:
3426:
3424:Taoist deities
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:Tong Jee Teung
3393:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3351:
3349:Grotto-heavens
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:Zhang Guoxiang
3221:
3216:
3214:Wang Chongyang
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3194:Cheng Xuanying
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:Yellow Emperor
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:(calisthenics)
2796:
2788:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2729:(spontenaity)
2720:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2632:(non-polarity)
2615:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2400:Shenxian Zhuan
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2364:Literary works
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2225:Four Evildoers
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2125:Vermilion Bird
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Black Tortoise
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Yellow Emperor
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Shenmo fiction
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1916:
1915:External links
1913:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1857:on 2008-10-07.
1843:
1841:on 2009-04-28.
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1766:
1737:
1714:
1699:
1679:
1676:on 2011-08-13.
1658:
1629:
1595:
1588:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:Zhengyi Taoism
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1447:Grand Pure One
1430:Main article:
1427:
1424:
1372:
1362:Main article:
1359:
1356:
1309:
1299:Main article:
1296:
1293:
1286:Taoist trinity
1266:
1263:
1208:Laws of Nature
1132:
1129:
1106:Three Purities
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:Taoist priests
1041:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
991:
986:
981:
980:
979:
969:
967:Grotto-heavens
963:
960:
959:
956:
955:
952:
951:
950:
949:
937:
936:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
907:
906:
901:
900:
899:
888:
883:
881:Lingbao School
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
829:
828:
823:
818:
816:Zhang Guoxiang
811:
810:
805:
803:Wang Chongyang
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Cheng Xuanying
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
682:
681:
676:
671:
665:
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
641:
640:
639:
637:Yellow Emperor
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
555:
549:
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
426:
421:
416:
404:
397:
390:
389:
388:
381:
371:
366:
361:
356:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
327:
326:
325:
318:
313:
301:
296:
289:
281:
274:
266:
258:
251:
243:
238:
237:
236:
224:
217:
210:
205:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
176:
175:
167:
166:
160:
159:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
131:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:Transcriptions
109:
108:
101:
95:
94:
91:
83:
82:
79:
78:
70:
69:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3451:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Mount Penglai
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:Sacred places
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Zhang Sanfeng
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Zhang Daoling
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3077:Other deities
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Ziwei Emperor
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3001:
3000:Daode Tianzun
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:Hongjun Laozu
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:Qingjing Jing
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:(immortality)
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Five Precepts
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:(five phases)
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:Liexian Zhuan
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Jade Mountain
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Eight Pillars
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:Spirit turtle
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:Yellow Dragon
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Creation myth
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1907:
1902:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:Errors Chains
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1738:0-19-541521-3
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1630:0-19-541521-3
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1489:According to
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1437:Daode Tianzun
1433:
1432:Daode Tianzun
1426:Daode Tianzun
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1212:Daode Tianzun
1209:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
994:Taoist temple
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Mount Penglai
982:
978:
975:
974:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:Sacred places
958:
957:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
845:
844:
837:
836:
832:
831:
827:
824:
822:
821:Zhang Sanfeng
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:Zhang Daoling
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
663:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:
642:
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Ziwei Emperor
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
574:
573:Daode Tianzun
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
554:
553:Hongjun Laozu
551:
550:
547:
542:
541:
534:
533:
529:
527:
526:
522:
520:
519:
518:Qingjing Jing
515:
513:
512:
508:
506:
505:
501:
499:
498:
494:
492:
491:
487:
485:
484:
480:
478:
477:
473:
471:
470:
466:
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32:This article
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3429:Chinese gods
3371:Mount Kunlun
3239:
3204:Zhang Boduan
3189:Tao Hongjing
3109:Heshang Gong
3076:
3071:Guan Shengdi
3012:Jade Emperor
2984:
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2933:Sanhuangjing
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2891:Tao Te Ching
2889:
2873:(talismancy)
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2755:Ten Precepts
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2636:Yin and yang
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2309:Moving Sands
2251:
2171:(Fox spirit)
2115:Azure Dragon
2105:Four Symbols
1905:
1894:. Retrieved
1881:
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1855:the original
1850:
1839:the original
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1578:. New York:
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1538:Taoist Canon
1513:Jade Emperor
1503:Ahuric triad
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1138:Tao Te Ching
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775:Tao Hongjing
687:Heshang Gong
585:Jade Emperor
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364:Ten Precepts
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273:(non-action)
268:
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234:Yin and yang
226:
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129:Hanyu Pinyin
58:
49:
36:copy editing
34:may require
33:
3439:Triple gods
3401:White Cloud
3322:Dragon Gate
3179:Kou Qianzhi
3174:Bao Jingyan
3099:Zhuang Zhou
2919:Taipingjing
2737:(plainness)
2719:(nonaction)
2709:(integrity)
2677:(reversion)
2624:(ultimate)
2602:Metaphysics
2407:Shenyi Jing
2221:Four Perils
2120:White Tiger
2069:Yan Emperor
1254:subtractive
932:Zhengyi Dao
896:Dragon Gate
765:Kou Qianzhi
760:Bao Jingyan
674:Zhuang Zhou
483:Taipingjing
3418:Categories
3391:Louguantai
3184:Lu Xiujing
3164:Wei Huacun
3114:Wei Boyang
2817:Meditation
2593:Philosophy
2324:Weak River
2216:Fox spirit
1896:2019-06-27
1847:"Yuan Shi"
1549:References
1004:Louguantai
947:Yao Taoism
770:Lu Xiujing
750:Wei Huacun
745:Sun Hanhua
692:Wei Boyang
436:Priesthood
369:Meditation
288:(immortal)
265:(reversal)
52:March 2024
44:editing it
3313:Chongxuan
3296:Shangqing
3259:Huang–Lao
3219:Qiu Chuji
3209:Sun Bu'er
3199:Chen Tuan
3159:Guo Xiang
3129:Zhang Jue
3104:Lie Yukou
2940:Huahujing
2912:Huainanzi
2831:(essence)
2800:Yangsheng
2652:Feng shui
2638:(duality)
2482:Huainanzi
2379:Shi Yi Ji
2319:Red River
2169:Huli jing
2147:Fenghuang
1988:Astrology
1755:cite book
1709:123079516
1647:cite book
1554:Citations
1402:Shàngqīng
1145:produced
1131:In Taoism
1104:, or the
856:Huang–Lao
808:Qiu Chuji
798:Sun Bu'er
788:Chen Tuan
740:Guo Xiang
707:Zhang Jue
679:Lie Yukou
511:Huahujing
476:Huainanzi
348:Practices
299:True form
3318:Quanzhen
3306:Jingming
3234:Zhu Quan
3134:Zhang Lu
2926:Xiang'er
2898:Zhuangzi
2845:(spirit)
2837:(breath)
2776:Practice
2152:Yinglong
2059:Shennong
1747:46661540
1639:46661540
1523:Trimurti
1497:See also
1250:additive
1170:混沌無極元始天王
904:Wuliupai
826:Zhu Quan
712:Zhang Lu
546:Theology
490:Xiang'er
469:Zhuangzi
373:Alchemy
197:Concepts
156:a series
154:Part of
3386:Hanford
3376:Temples
3301:Lingbao
3291:Xuanxue
3284:Zhengyi
3264:Taiping
3251:Schools
3240:Fangshi
3169:Ge Hong
3149:Wang Bi
3139:Ge Xuan
3054:Chang'e
2972:Deities
2961:Daozang
2954:Baopuzi
2744:Zhenren
2666:Bianhua
2386:Bowuzhi
2314:Penglai
2304:Longmen
2252:more...
2206:Wuzhiqi
2182:(Bixie)
2079:Chang'e
2054:Youchao
1993:Dragons
1831:"Yu Di"
1787:Sources
1528:Trinity
1491:Daozang
1464:Tàiqīng
1451:Chinese
1412:Penglai
1389:Chinese
1338:Chinese
1320:Chinese
1279:Trinity
1166:Chinese
866:Xuanxue
849:Schools
835:Fangshi
755:Ge Hong
727:Wang Bi
717:Ge Xuan
649:Li Hong
644:Guan Yu
627:Chang'e
532:Daozang
525:Baopuzi
455:I Ching
293:Zhenren
255:Bianhua
187:History
182:Outline
135:Sānqīng
99:Chinese
3144:He Yan
3124:Gan Ji
3087:People
2808:Daoyin
2792:Waidan
2784:Neidan
2715:Wu wei
2696:Ethics
2658:Wuxing
2585:Taoism
2474:Chu Ci
2355:Xirang
2289:Fusang
2269:Buzhou
2262:Places
2241:Tianma
2201:Xiezhi
2196:Hundun
2191:Horses
2084:Hou Yi
2074:Chiyou
2018:Ghosts
1745:
1735:
1707:
1697:
1637:
1627:
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1533:Taoism
1461::
1459:pinyin
1453::
1416:Kunlun
1399::
1397:pinyin
1391::
1351:Yùqīng
1348::
1346:pinyin
1340::
1330::
1328:pinyin
1322::
1176::
1174:pinyin
1168::
1162:Hundun
1110:Taoist
1100:, the
1096:, the
1092:, the
722:He Yan
702:Gan Ji
662:People
394:Bugang
385:Waidan
378:Neidan
270:Wu wei
247:Wuxing
164:Taoism
3328:Wuliu
3094:Laozi
3027:Houtu
2905:Liezi
2883:Texts
2725:Ziran
2643:Bagua
2620:Taiji
2614:(way)
2338:Items
2329:Youdu
2211:Yeren
2180:Pixiu
2142:Qilin
2089:Kuafu
2013:Pangu
1478:Laozi
1147:Taiji
669:Laozi
600:Houtu
497:Liezi
448:Texts
278:Ziran
241:Bagua
228:Taiji
3381:Cebu
2870:Fulu
2857:Xian
2851:Diet
2842:Shen
2828:Jing
2629:Wuji
2274:Diyu
2186:Nian
2164:Bixi
2008:Tian
1761:link
1743:OCLC
1733:ISBN
1705:OCLC
1695:ISBN
1653:link
1635:OCLC
1625:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1470:太上老君
1442:道德天尊
1414:and
1384:靈寶天尊
1324:元始天尊
1258:Ruyi
1238:shen
1236:and
1230:jing
1143:Wuji
1125:time
1084:The
430:Fulu
412:Bigu
407:Diet
333:and
322:Shen
310:Jing
285:Xian
221:Wuji
3333:Yao
2864:Art
2674:Fan
2611:Tao
1449:" (
1252:or
1155:Chi
1114:Tao
424:Art
401:Chu
331:Hun
262:Fan
208:Tao
3420::
2835:Qi
2734:Pu
2705:De
2345:Gu
1849:.
1833:.
1757:}}
1753:{{
1741:.
1703:.
1649:}}
1645:{{
1633:.
1598:^
1562:^
1457:;
1455:太清
1395:;
1393:上清
1344:;
1342:玉清
1326:;
1234:qi
1232:,
1217:師寶
1203:經寶
1189:道寶
1172:;
1118:qi
335:po
316:Qi
214:De
158:on
105:三清
3324:)
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