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Against the argument that torture was legal under the laws of Spain, but nowhere authorised by those of its colonies, he presented a considerable body of depositions from inhabitants of
Trinidad showing that torture had frequently been resorted to by magistrates in the last years of Spanish occupation. The jury found that torture was authorised by the law of the island at the time of the cession, and that the defendant acted without malice, further than making an order which he thought himself bound to comply with. They therefore reversed the verdict of the earlier trial but asked for the full court to consider the further argument of the prosecution that torture of a free person was so repugnant to the laws of England that Picton must have known he could not permit it, whatever Spanish law authorised. The court ordered that Picton's obligations to the court be postponed until the court could consider the matter further but no judgment was ever delivered.
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553:") was a version of a British military punishment and consisted in principle of compelling the trussed-up suspect to stand on one toe on a flat-headed peg for one hour on many occasions within a span of a few days. Calderón was subjected to one session of 55 minutes, and a second of 25 minutes the following day. The young girl was suspended by one arm on a pulley rope set in the ceiling and lowered onto a peg in the floor, bare foot first. This continued until her entire body weight rested on the peg. She did not confess and was imprisoned for a further eight months before being released.
411:. For the next five years he held the island with a garrison he considered inadequate against the threats of internal unrest and of reconquest by the Spanish. He ensured order by vigorous action, viewed variously as rough-and-ready justice or as arbitrary brutality. Picton was also accused of the execution of a dozen slaves, and the slave trade was partly behind his considerable fortune. Historian Chris Evans said, "Delinquents who were sent for immediate execution might consider themselves lucky; others had to endure mutilation and torture."
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Luisa Calderón gave evidence in person ("Her appearance was extremely interesting, and her countenance, which was that of a mulatto, extremely prepossessing and agreeable") of the nature and duration of her picketing. The legal arguments, however, revolved on whether
Spanish law permitted torture of suspects. On the evidence presented by the prosecution and with Picton's defence being damaged by the cross-examination of his witnesses ("Mr Bourville was examined relative to the nature of the office of
521:, severity to slaves, and of execution of suspects out of hand without due process. Only the latter class of charge seems to have seriously worried the Privy Council, and here Picton's argument that either the laws of Trinidad (then still the laws of the former Spanish colonial power: Abercromby had specifically instructed Picton to conduct himself according to those laws) or "the state of the garrison" (martial law) justified the immediate execution in the cases specified eventually carried the day.
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between the
English having weakened their ability to govern well, to negotiate effectively, and to effectively defend their possessions.) Fullarton commenced a series of open enquiries on allegations against Picton and reported his unfavourable views on Picton's past actions at length to meetings of the commission. Picton thereupon tendered his resignation on 31 May 1803.
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removed his portrait which had been in the museum since 1907, due to his ties with slavery in
Trinidad. In August 2022, the portrait, which had previously formed part of the "Faces of Wales" gallery, was put back on display in an exhibition called "Reframing Picton" and was surrounded by descriptions
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and a counter-attack on their right flank (which was still open because they had captured the bridge so quickly) causing the 3rd to lose 1,800 men (over one third of all Allied losses at the battle) as they held their ground. The conduct of the 3rd division under his leadership at
Vittoria and in the
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The period between Picton's return and the trial had seen a pamphlet war between the rival camps, and the widespread sale of engravings showing a curious
British public what an attractive 14-year-old mulatto girl being trussed up and tortured in a state of semi-undress might look like. At the trial,
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Your
Lordship will observe, that such a desperate action could not be fought, and such advantages could not be gained, without great loss; and, I am sorry to add, that ours has been immense. In Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton, His Majesty has sustained the loss of an Officer who has frequently
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Picton promptly sought a retrial, which he got in 1808. At this, Picton's counsel stressed that the use of torture had been requested by the local magistrate, that there were copious authorities showing its legality under
Spanish law, and that Calderón had been old enough to be legally tortured.
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Picton's policy with respect to various sections of the island population had effectively been one of rule by fear, and he and
Fullarton rapidly fell out. (This, of itself, further worsened the rift: Fullarton's Indian pamphlet had also reported adversely on conflicts of interest and dissension
567:, he said, the first introduction of torture was by General Picton." ... "Mr Gloucester, the Attorney-General at Trinidad, verified several books as books of authority, in which it was expressly laid down, that by the Spanish law torture might be inflicted; these books were, the
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girl suspected of assisting one of her lovers to burgle the house of the man with whom she was living, making off with about £500. Torture (but not the specific form) had been requested in writing by a local magistrate and approved in writing by Picton. The torture applied
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but in the resolute, thorough and punctual execution of a well-defined task Picton had no superior in the army. His debut, owing partly to his naturally stern and now embittered temper, and partly to the difficult position in which he was placed, was unfortunate. On the
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By then, reports of arbitrariness and brutality associated with his governorship had led to a demand at home for his removal. Picton was also making money from speculation in land and slaves, and his free coloured mistress and mother of four of his children,
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at 13:30, Picton launched a bayonet charge on the advancing French column. While repulsing the attack with impetuous valour – his last words were "Charge! Charge! Hurrah! Hurrah!" – he was shot through the temple by a musket ball.
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This was not a foregone conclusion, nor unimportant to Picton: one of the cases was the execution without trial or court-martial of a
British soldier for desertion and rape; in the same period, the former military commander of
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raised his reputation as a resolute and skilful fighting general to a still higher point. Early in 1814 he was offered, but after consulting Wellington declined, the command of the British forces operating on the side of
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of 1802, many of the British inhabitants petitioned against the return of the island to Spain; this together with Picton's and Abercromby's representations, ensured the retention of Trinidad as a British possession.
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I found him a rough foul-mouthed devil as ever lived, but he always behaved extremely well; no man could do better in different services I assigned to him, and I saw nothing to confirm what Miranda had said of his
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in July 1810 Craufurd's division became involved in an action, and Picton, his nearest neighbour, refused to support him, as Wellington's direct orders were to avoid an engagement. Shortly after this, however, at
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had brought trouble on itself by its unprincipled treatment of native princes and native subjects, and that a more humane policy would be preferable to "let them hate so long as they fear" (a favourite motto of
683:. In September he was given the local rank of lieutenant-general, and in the same month the division won great glory by its rapid and orderly retirement under severe pressure from the French cavalry at the
722:. His wound, and an attack of fever, compelled him to return to Britain to recoup his health, but he reappeared at the front in April 1813. While in Britain he was invested with the collar and badge of a
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718:, into a real one. He was himself wounded in this terrible engagement, but would not leave the ramparts, and the day after, having recently inherited a fortune, he gave every survivor of his command a
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distinguished himself in his service; and he fell, gloriously leading his division to a charge with bayonets, by which one of the most serious attacks made by the enemy of our position was defeated.
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Authoritative sources such as Havard 2004 give his date of birth as 24 August 1758. Older sources sometimes give it as 20 August, and this is the date that appears on the plaque on his birthplace.
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The Privy Council dealt with the majority of the charges against Picton. Those charges related principally to accusations of excessive cruelty in the detection and punishment of practitioners of
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of a 14-year-old girl, Luisa Calderón. Though initially convicted, Picton later had the conviction overturned arguing that Trinidad was subject to Spanish law, which permitted the use of
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For the remaining years of the Peninsular War, Picton was one of Wellington's principal subordinates. The commander-in-chief never reposed in him the confidence that he gave to
714:, a month later, the successful storming of the fortress was due to his daring self-reliance and penetration in converting the secondary attack on the castle, delivered by the
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by subscription, the king contributing a hundred guineas. On 8 June 1859, his body was re-interred in St Paul's Cathedral, lying close to the body of the Duke of Wellington.
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Friends of Picton in the military and among slave owners subscribed towards his legal expenses. Picton contributed the same sum to a relief fund after a widespread fire in
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The general being sacked for incompetence, Fullarton, (a civilian 3 years ago, and fresh to India) was (because he had raised a regiment at his own expense) senior in the
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2001:
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relocated Picton's portrait from its "Faces of Wales" gallery to a side room, accompanied by descriptions of his brutal treatment of the people of Trinidad. The town of
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On the break-up of the division the officers presented Picton with a valuable service of plate, and on 24 June 1814 he received for the seventh time the thanks of the
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for his great services. Somewhat to his disappointment he was not included amongst the generals who were raised to the peerage, but early in 1815 he was appointed
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The regiment was disbanded five years later, and Picton quelled a mutiny amongst the men by his prompt personal action and courage, and was promised the rank of
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1113:. The sign bears an image of Sir Thomas. The area also contains a Picton Street named after him; he owned a large amount of land in the area.
753:, Picton led his division across a key bridge under heavy fire. According to Picton, the enemy responded by pummeling the 3rd with 40 to 50
1670:, notes him "making his first appearance in these pages" directing reinforcements to various islands without need for reference to Vaughan.
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In 1810, at Wellington's request, Picton was appointed to command a division in Spain. Wellington recalled that he had been recommended by
277:. During a crucial stage in the battle he was ordered by Wellington to intervene in the Allied centre. Picton's aggressive advance stopped
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1344:, supported calls to remove the City Hall statue on account of Picton's links to slavery. In July, the Council voted to remove the statue.
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on the 16th. Apart from his servant, he had told no one, nor had he consulted a surgeon, choosing instead to bandage the wound himself.
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Fullarton had a very different background from Picton. He came from a wealthy and long-established Scots land-owning family and was a
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the same evening and was deposited in a room at the Fountain Inn where Picton had dined on his way to the Continent. At 6:00 am on 26
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as a reward. He did not receive it, and after living in retirement on his father's estate for nearly 12 years, he went out to the
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of having in 1801 caused torture to be unlawfully inflicted to extract a confession from Luisa Calderón, a 14-year-old free
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215:(24 August 1758 – 18 June 1815) was a Welsh military officer and colonial administrator who fought in the
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802:, Picton, at Wellington's request, accepted a high command in the Anglo-Dutch army, and was appointed commander of the
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revived in recent years. In 2020, Cardiff Council voted to remove Picton's statue in the "Heroes of Wales" gallery in
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281:'s corps' attack against the allied centre left. He was the most senior officer to die at Waterloo. He was a sitting
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The Battle of Waterloo, Containing The Series of Accounts Published by Authority, British and Foreign Sources &c
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or the West India Islands, he would attempt to become the prince of them". Wellington commented when he met Picton,
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On subsequent examination, Picton's body was found to have suffered a serious musket ball wound to the hip at
591:, and there was not a word about torture in them"); the jury decided that it did not and found Picton guilty.
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Lithograph by an anonymous artist of Sir Thomas Picton on horseback (1815), in the National Portrait Gallery.
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of 1807–1814, during which he displayed great bravery and persistence. He was killed in 1815 fighting at the
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in Pembrokeshire, the parish in which he grew up. There is also a monument on the battlefield of Waterloo.
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1903:"Law Report – Court of King's Bench – Torture in the Island of Trinidad – The King vs Thomas Picton Esq".
958:, a debate was launched to determine whether the town should revert to its original Māori name of Waitohi.
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He was probably still acting in a "staff" role rather than (simply) as a regimental officer: Fortescue,
1123:. The sign depicts Sir Thomas in military uniform resting the blade of his sword upon his left shoulder.
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2336:"Beechey – Lt. General Sir Thomas Picton N070463 – APSLEY HOUSE, London. Lt – Photo Prints – 5529827 -"
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250:. In the same year it was reported that a plaque was removed from Picton's birthplace. In 2022, the
2458:"Council leader supports removing statue of slave owner Sir Thomas Picton from Cardiff's City Hall"
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Swann, B. P. (1984). "Sir Thomas Picton: some unpublished facts about his career and relations".
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In the first operations of 1812 Picton and Craufurd, side by side, stormed the two breaches of
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Picton's trial is depicted in episode three of the third series of the 2011 television series
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Picton was for many years chiefly remembered for his exploits under Wellington in the Iberian
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2596:"Politics of Colonial Sensation: The Trial of Thomas Picton and the Cause of Louisa Calderon"
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Picton House, a house at Haverfordwest Grammar School (closed 1978), Picton's old school in
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2362:"St Paul's Cathedral;Monument to Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton, Wren, Christopher"
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1685:"The towering figure in Welsh history whose statues and plaques deserve to be taken down"
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Luces revolucionarias: De la rebelión de Madrid (1795) a la rebelión de La Guaira (1797)
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to face charges brought by Fullarton. In December 1803 he was arrested by order of the
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223:, Picton was "respected for his courage and feared for his irascible temperament". The
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1732:. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 138–156.
672:, Picton succeeded in driving French forces across a ravine in considerable disorder.
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679:, he added to his reputation and to that of his division, the "Fighting" 3rd, at the
451:(1754–1808) was appointed as the Senior Member of a commission to govern the island,
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Picton came to public attention initially for his cruelty during his governorship of
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Luisa Calderón being tortured, as illustrated in one of the many prints at the time
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was publicly hanged for having a soldier flogged to death without a court-martial.
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1068:. In 1783, while still a captain, Picton faced the rebellious 75th Battalion on
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were also books of authority. They contained a code expressly applicable to the
333:, but he did not join until two years later. The regiment was then stationed at
234:, as a result of which he was put on trial in England for approving the illegal
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473:. He had been a junior diplomat before raising a regiment in the course of the
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Memoirs of Lieutenant-General Sir T. Picton, including his correspondence, etc
2490:"Sir Thomas Picton: statue of 'sadistic slave owner' to be removed in Cardiff"
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to other colonels present, and hence took command (and acquitted himself well)
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called him "a rough foul-mouthed devil as ever lived", but found him capable.
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1222:. A covered city centre shopping area linking the Kingsway and Oxford Street.
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was named by Waterloo veterans who settled the southwest of Western Australia
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Thomas Picton was the seventh of 12 children of Thomas Picton (1723–1790) of
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806:. Along with every other senior officer in the army, he was invited to the
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1539:"Calls to rethink name 'Picton' as history emerges of 'cruel' slave-owner"
1449:"Statue of slave owner Thomas Picton to be removed from Cardiff City Hall"
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Welsh constituencies
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1791:"Law Intelligence – Court of King's Bench – The King v Thomas Picton".
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1475:"Property owner removes plaque to Sir Thomas Picton over safety fears"
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384:, who succeeded Vaughan in 1795, Picton was present at the capture of
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1508:"Portrait of tyrant Thomas Picton moved to side room in Welsh museum"
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481:. Afterwards he had written an influential pamphlet arguing that the
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321:, Pembrokeshire on (probably) 24 August 1758. In 1771 he obtained an
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317:, Wales, and his wife, Cecil née Powell (1728–1806). He was born in
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1640: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in Bristol. There is also a double-bayed villa in the street named
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British military personnel killed in action in the Napoleonic Wars
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Fort Picton (St. David’s Tower), Laventille Hills, Port-of-Spain,
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in New Zealand, named for Picton, has considered reverting to its
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with reversed arms moved off towards London where it arrived on 3
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2523:"Cardiff museum takes down slave owner Thomas Picton's portrait"
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1934:. regiments.org. Archived from the original on 29 December 2006
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Announcing his death, Wellington wrote to the Minister of War,
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2028:
Historical Record of the Seventy-fourth Regiment (Highlanders)
706:. Both Craufurd and Picton's second in command, Major-General
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Dyfed Family History Journal/Cymdeithas Hanes Teuluoedd Dyfed
1919:
Notes of Conversations with the Duke of Wellington, 1831–1851
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Picton joined Hood in military operations in Saint Lucia and
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in January 1778, at which point he then returned to Britain.
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narrative – not transcript – of Picton's King's Bench trial
1998:"Picton, Sir Thomas (1758–1815), of Iscoed, Carmarthonshire"
1573:"Picton, Waitohi or both? Mixed views on renaming port town"
742:, and was returned triumphantly as Member of Parliament for
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849:. Memorial to Thomas Picton at St. Paul's Cathedral (1816)
687:. In October Picton was appointed to the colonelcy of the
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in 1794 on the strength of a slight acquaintance with Sir
2658:
Havard, Robert (2004). "Picton, Sir Thomas (1758–1815)".
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became the second member, and Picton himself the junior.
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name in response to his actions as governor of Trinidad.
25:
1768:
The Tyrants: 2500 Years of Absolute Power and Corruption
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Serravezza marble statue (1916) of Sir Thomas Picton by
242:. Controversy over the torture and Picton's role in the
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Wellington's Welsh general: a life of Sir Thomas Picton
2220:"Picton Barracks, Picton Terrace, Carmarthen SA31 3BS"
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June to a salute from the guns of the ships moored in
563:, or justice at Trinidad. On his cross examination by
2432:"Sculpture Gallery – Thomas Mewburn Crook – Sculptor"
2042:"Dancing into battle: The Duchess of Richmond's Ball"
1819:
1137:, Wiltshire – the headquarters of the British Army's
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Picton storming the Castle of Badajoz, 31 March 1812
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administration did not want Trinidad to develop the
2031:, Published by Parker, Furnivall & Parker, 1847
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1820:
1352:of his brutal treatment of the people of Trinidad.
368:. Shortly afterwards he was promoted major in the
343:75th Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Regiment)
1277:Oil portrait (c1812) of Sir Thomas Picton by Sir
906:. A public monument was erected to his memory in
16:Welsh military officer and colonial administrator
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2696:Peninsular General: Sir Thomas Picton, 1758–1815
2125:pp. 458/9: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909
1952:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
821:'s Corps to attack the Anglo-allied centre near
734:in the army. At this time, Picton purchased the
579:. On his cross-examination he admitted that the
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2388:"Sir Thomas Picton – National Portrait Gallery"
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2098:
964:, a town named by Picton's military colleague,
2957:British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
910:, by order of Parliament, and in 1823 another
710:, were mortally wounded in the engagement. At
514:and promptly released on bail set at £40,000.
2280:"BBC One - Garrow's Law, Series 3, Episode 3"
2140:"Church of St Michael (Grade I) (12009)"
1317:, one of a series entitled "Heroes of Wales".
1061:Picton Street, Howick, Auckland, New Zealand.
2992:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2962:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War
2664:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2092:
1932:"77th (the East Middlesex) Regiment of Foot"
1883:
1881:
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1441:
886:, the funeral procession accompanied by the
880:June, to the strains of the "Dead March" in
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1656:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
776:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
360:, the commander-in-chief, who made him his
197:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
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1966:
1770:. London: Quercus Publishing. p. 27.
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305:. The house later became the Dragon Hotel.
37:
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1251:, Picton was played by the English actor
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422:. During the negotiations leading to the
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1969:"Iscoed – St Ishmael – Carmarthenshire"
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1153:, a Royal Navy monitor launched in 1915
902:He was interred in the family vault at
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2977:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers
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2861:77th (East Middlesex) Regiment of Foot
2698:. Newton Abbott: David & Charles.
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1992:
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1730:The Last Caribbean Frontier, 1795-1815
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1245:In the 1970 Soviet-Italian epic film,
1171:The Picton, a boys' boarding house at
1119:is a public house in Commercial Road,
606:, and in 1809 he had been governor of
337:, where he remained until he was made
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2693:
2575:. New York: Walker & Co. p.
2571:The Battle: a new history of Waterloo
2438:from the original on 20 December 2016
2394:from the original on 21 December 2016
2368:from the original on 20 December 2016
2316:from the original on 21 December 2016
2192:Bizzarro, Salvatore (20 April 2005).
2134:
2016:
1921:, Oxford University Press, 1938, p.69
1485:from the original on 10 December 2022
1413:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1299:Bust (1816) by Sebastian Gahagan, in
2771:
2533:from the original on 3 November 2021
2310:"Person – National Portrait Gallery"
2230:from the original on 23 October 2020
2128:
1841:participating institution membership
1765:
1682:
1673:
1570:
1502:
1500:
497:
297:Picton's birthplace in Hill Street,
2416:. 24 September 2015. Archived from
2173:from the original on 1 January 2022
2121:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral"
2088:. 22 June 1815. pp. 1214–1215.
2004:from the original on 11 August 2020
1987:
1975:from the original on 28 August 2016
1717:. 24–27 October 1801. p. 1295.
1604:
1595:
1561:
1198:), a mixed comprehensive school in
746:at a by-election on 19 March 1813.
13:
2727:Robinson, Heaton Bowstead (1836).
2342:from the original on 21 April 2018
2290:from the original on 8 August 2022
2260:from the original on 8 August 2022
1721:
1583:from the original on 11 April 2023
1549:from the original on 11 April 2023
1518:from the original on 1 August 2022
1363:
1144:Picton Barracks, Carmarthen, Wales
532:Picton was, however, tried in the
447:economy Picton favoured. In 1802,
14:
3033:
2749:
2145:National Historic Assets of Wales
2044:. Royal Armouries. Archived from
1866:from the original on 4 March 2016
1854:Kissoon, Freddie (19 July 2008).
1691:from the original on 11 June 2020
1497:
1455:from the original on 24 July 2020
1426:from the original on 25 July 2020
1395:from the original on 28 June 2020
1385:"What to do about Thomas Picton?"
1320:In June 2020, in the wake of the
602:. He had meanwhile been promoted
90:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
2947:British Army lieutenant generals
2942:People of the Battle of Waterloo
2719:The Loss of El Dorado: a history
2069:Dictionary of National Biography
1856:"The torture of Louisa Calderon"
1653:Dictionary of National Biography
1635:
1571:Brew, Andy (18 September 2022).
1537:Angeloni, Alice (12 June 2020).
1336:, Dan De'Ath, and the leader of
540:in 1806 on a single charge: the
439:ministry had fallen and the new
407:in 1797, Abercromby made Picton
388:(after which he was promoted to
364:and gave him a captaincy in the
2549:
2515:
2503:from the original on 7 May 2022
2487:Goddard, Emily (24 July 2020).
2480:
2424:
2406:
2380:
2354:
2328:
2302:
2272:
2242:
2212:
2185:
2159:
2115:
2072:
2034:
1960:
1924:
1911:
1896:
1847:
1813:
1799:
1784:
1759:
1746:
1703:
1660:
1109:in Picton Place, Nantyffyllon,
724:Knight of the Order of the Bath
2982:56th Regiment of Foot officers
2195:Historical Dictionary of Chile
1530:
1467:
1407:
1377:
1225:Picton House, Alameda Estate,
980:, at the east entrance of the
923:St Michael's Church, Rudbaxton
610:in the Netherlands during the
301:, marked with a commemorative
1:
2997:Governors of British Trinidad
2685:Michelena, Carmen L. (2010).
2464:. 9 June 2020. Archived from
1416:"Waterloo's hero and villain"
1356:
1271:
1240:
1173:Wellington College, Berkshire
945:Prince Edward County, Ontario
288:
219:. According to the historian
2821:Louis Cesar Gabriel Berthier
2756:www.napoleonguide.com Picton
2678:UK public library membership
2567:Barbero, Alessandro (2005).
1971:. British Listed Buildings.
1888:"Trial of Governor Picton".
1683:Hytt, Carolyn (5 May 2018).
1414:Prior, Neil (18 June 2015).
1288:Oil portrait (c1815) by Sir
817:, when Napoleon sent in the
730:, and in June he was made a
475:American War of Independence
103:, London (later reburied at
7:
3002:Governors of British Tobago
2967:Gordon Highlanders officers
2879:Parliament of Great Britain
1860:Trinidad and Tobago NewsDay
1668:History of the British Army
1210:Picton Monument, Carmarthen
904:St George's, Hanover Square
101:St George's, Hanover Square
10:
3038:
2601:American Historical Review
810:that was held on 15 June.
808:Duchess of Richmond's Ball
790:Death of Sir Thomas Picton
681:Battle of Fuentes de Onoro
589:Spanish West India Islands
285:at the time of his death.
2972:Suffolk Regiment officers
2937:People from Haverfordwest
2905:
2892:
2884:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2853:Sir Charles Hastings, Bt.
2849:
2844:
2834:
2825:
2817:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2778:
2761:BBC: Picton past examined
2694:Myatt, Frederick (1980).
2000:. History of Parliament.
1967:Good Stuff (3 May 1982).
1828:Oxford English Dictionary
1283:National Portrait Gallery
618:European military service
192:
171:French Revolutionary Wars
163:
153:
145:
133:
112:
95:
75:
51:
36:
23:
3007:Welsh military personnel
2722:. London: André Deutsch.
2556:A Near Observer (1815).
1326:statue of Edward Colston
1324:and the toppling of the
1192:Sir Thomas Picton School
1058:, a highway in Australia
781:
675:After the winter in the
2731:(2nd ed.). London.
2639:Havard, Robert (1996).
2594:Epstein, James (2007).
1917:Philip Henry Stanhope,
1833:Oxford University Press
1349:National Museum Cardiff
1196:Ysgol Sir Thomas Picton
1156:The Rhymney Brewery in
1072:and averted a military
962:Picton, New South Wales
414:In October 1801 he was
376:Career in the New World
252:National Museum Cardiff
2670:10.1093/ref:odnb/22219
1264:; Picton is played by
1206:, Wales – closed 2018.
1086:, Trinidad and Tobago.
1070:College Green, Bristol
921:He is memorialised in
850:
840:
791:
699:
685:engagement at El Bodon
677:lines of Torres Vedras
648:
630:
529:
506:, before returning to
409:governor of the island
306:
273:whilst commanding the
2615:10.1086/ahr.112.3.712
2420:on 24 September 2015.
1728:Candlin, Kit (2012).
1451:. BBC. 23 July 2020.
1334:Lord Mayor of Cardiff
1322:George Floyd protests
956:George Floyd protests
929:Namings in his honour
888:52nd Regiment of Foot
845:
835:
804:5th Infantry Division
789:
726:by the Prince Regent
697:
689:77th Regiment of Foot
643:
625:
534:Court of King's Bench
527:
418:to the local rank of
405:reduction of Trinidad
394:56th Regiment of Foot
370:58th Regiment of Foot
366:17th Regiment of Foot
331:12th Regiment of Foot
296:
275:5th Infantry Division
146:Years of service
2895:Member of Parliament
2795:Governor of Trinidad
2110:A Near Observer 1815
2099:A Near Observer 1815
1766:Foss, Clive (2006).
1311:Thomas Mewburn Crook
1168:named General Picton
898:Burial and monuments
860:His body arrived in
612:Walcheren expedition
283:Member of Parliament
244:Atlantic slave trade
2987:Welsh army officers
2529:. 3 November 2021.
2198:. Scarecrow Press.
2048:on 5 September 2018
1892:. 28 February 1806.
1831:(Online ed.).
1301:St Paul's Cathedral
1066:Montpelier, Bristol
994:Phillip Parker King
952:Picton, New Zealand
908:St Paul's Cathedral
758:engagements in the
396:) and then that of
105:St Paul's Cathedral
3012:Welsh slave owners
2828:Governor of Tobago
2779:Political offices
2689:. Caracas: CELARG.
2085:The London Gazette
1905:Manchester Mercury
1795:. 6 December 1806.
1715:The London Gazette
1279:Martin Archer Shee
1107:The General Picton
1098:General Picton Inn
1037:Blaenau Ffestiniog
851:
792:
732:lieutenant-general
700:
631:
628:Martin Archer Shee
626:Picton painted by
530:
483:East India Company
465:, a Fellow of the
390:lieutenant colonel
307:
271:Battle of Waterloo
225:Duke of Wellington
221:Alessandro Barbero
205:Lieutenant-General
158:Lieutenant General
2915:
2914:
2906:Succeeded by
2899:Pembroke Boroughs
2868:Succeeded by
2845:Military offices
2838:William Johnstone
2835:Succeeded by
2806:William Fullarton
2802:Succeeded by
2772:Political summary
2676:(Subscription or
2643:. London: Aurum.
2250:"Waterloo (1970)"
2169:. Traces of War.
2167:"Picton Monument"
1839:(Subscription or
1793:Lancaster Gazette
1514:. 1 August 2022.
1347:In November 2021
1315:Cardiff City Hall
1150:Sir Thomas Picton
1133:Picton Barracks,
972:Western Australia
970:Picton Junction,
966:Lachlan Macquarie
847:Sebastian Gahagan
751:Battle of Vitoria
744:Pembroke Boroughs
538:Lord Ellenborough
498:Arrest and trials
449:William Fullarton
420:brigadier-general
248:Cardiff City Hall
208:Sir Thomas Picton
202:
201:
3029:
3022:UK MPs 1812–1818
2885:Preceded by
2850:Preceded by
2818:Preceded by
2812:, Thomas Picton)
2788:Ralph Abercromby
2784:Preceded by
2776:
2775:
2745:
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1687:. Wales Online.
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1391:. Wales Museum.
1381:
1375:
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1045:Picton Terrace,
1035:Picton Terrace,
893:
879:
867:
772:House of Commons
573:Curia Phillipion
382:Ralph Abercromby
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2587:
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2496:The Independent
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1907:. 21 June 1808.
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1338:Cardiff Council
1290:William Beechey
1274:
1243:
1082:Picton Street,
1064:Picton Street,
1025:Picton Street,
931:
914:was erected at
912:Picton Monument
900:
891:
877:
865:
813:On 18 June, at
784:
740:Carmarthenshire
708:Henry MacKinnon
660:Robert Craufurd
635:General Miranda
620:
500:
424:Peace of Amiens
378:
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217:Napoleonic Wars
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176:Napoleonic Wars
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45:Thomas Lawrence
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2750:External links
2748:
2747:
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2733:
2724:
2714:Naipaul, V. S.
2710:
2704:
2691:
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2655:
2649:
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2608:(3): 712–741.
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2468:on 9 June 2020
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2023:Richard Cannon
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1777:978-1905204960
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1823:
1822:"picket, n.1"
1816:
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1642:public domain
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1216:Picton Arcade
1214:
1211:
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1205:
1204:Pembrokeshire
1201:
1200:Haverfordwest
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Pembrokeshire
1184:
1183:Haverfordwest
1180:
1178:
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1091:Public houses
1090:
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1084:Port of Spain
1081:
1079:
1078:Picton Lodge.
1075:
1071:
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1060:
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1038:
1034:
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1028:
1027:Griffithstown
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:Picton Road,
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:Picton Road,
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
991:
987:
986:South America
983:
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978:Picton Island
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871:
864:in Kent on 25
863:
858:
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832:
831:Lord Bathurst
827:
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819:Comte d'Erlon
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467:Royal Society
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69:Pembrokeshire
66:
65:Haverfordwest
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
31:Thomas Picton
27:
22:
19:
2893:
2871:George Cooke
2858:
2826:
2804:Commission (
2793:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2717:
2695:
2686:
2659:
2640:
2605:
2599:
2570:
2558:
2550:Bibliography
2535:. Retrieved
2526:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2494:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:the original
2462:Wales Online
2461:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2426:
2418:the original
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2253:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2224:Army Careers
2223:
2214:
2194:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2143:
2130:
2123:Sinclair, W.
2117:
2105:
2094:
2083:
2074:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2027:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
1977:. Retrieved
1962:
1936:. Retrieved
1926:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1870:24 September
1868:. Retrieved
1859:
1849:
1826:
1815:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1667:
1662:
1651:
1601:Havard 2004.
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1576:
1551:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1512:The Guardian
1511:
1487:. Retrieved
1479:Wales Online
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1428:. Retrieved
1419:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1389:museum.wales
1388:
1379:
1294:Apsley House
1261:Garrow's Law
1259:
1257:
1253:Jack Hawkins
1247:
1244:
1195:
1149:
1139:3rd Division
1135:Bulford Camp
1116:
1106:
1097:
1077:
954:. After the
950:The town of
939:The town of
920:
901:
881:
859:
852:
836:
828:
812:
793:
769:
748:
716:3rd Division
701:
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632:
597:
593:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
558:
555:
542:misdemeanour
531:
516:
501:
492:
479:Tippu Sultan
471:Robert Burns
457:
429:
413:
402:
379:
362:aide-de-camp
361:
358:John Vaughan
347:
311:Poyston Hall
308:
264:
229:
207:
203:
181:
164:Battles/wars
140:British Army
81:(1815-06-18)
79:18 June 1815
43:Portrait by
18:
2932:1815 deaths
2927:1758 births
2810:Samuel Hood
2442:17 December
2398:17 December
2372:17 December
2346:17 December
2320:17 December
2254:Radio Times
2080:"No. 17028"
1711:"No. 15421"
1489:10 December
1162:South Wales
1056:Picton Road
988:; named by
855:Quatre Bras
453:Samuel Hood
386:Saint Lucia
354:West Indies
303:blue plaque
2921:Categories
2909:John Jones
2903:1813–1815
2865:1811–1815
2799:1797–1802
2744:: 172–175.
2705:0715379232
2680:required.)
2650:1854104020
2537:3 November
1979:22 January
1843:required.)
1357:References
1342:Huw Thomas
1272:Likenesses
1241:In fiction
1141:since 1992
1117:The Picton
1047:Carmarthen
1007:Abersychan
916:Carmarthen
874:Canterbury
738:estate in
575:, and the
445:plantation
403:After the
398:St Vincent
380:Under Sir
327:commission
289:Early life
113:Allegiance
59:1758-08-24
2888:John Owen
2624:1937-5239
2177:1 January
1754:Army List
1296:, London.
1281:, in the
1227:Gibraltar
1148:HMS
1102:Porthcawl
870:The Downs
765:Catalonia
665:River Coa
652:Beresford
646:ambition.
569:Borvillia
551:picketing
441:Addington
335:Gibraltar
236:picketing
149:1771–1815
2716:(1969).
2632:40006668
2531:Archived
2527:BBC News
2501:Archived
2436:Archived
2392:Archived
2366:Archived
2340:Archived
2314:Archived
2294:8 August
2288:Archived
2264:8 August
2258:Archived
2234:29 March
2228:Archived
2171:Archived
2002:Archived
1973:Archived
1948:cite web
1864:Archived
1689:Archived
1587:11 April
1581:Archived
1553:11 April
1547:Archived
1522:1 August
1516:Archived
1483:Archived
1453:Archived
1430:2 August
1424:Archived
1420:BBC News
1393:Archived
1248:Waterloo
1234:Trinidad
1166:cask ale
947:, Canada
815:Waterloo
796:Napoleon
760:Pyrenees
639:Caraccas
608:Flushing
577:Elesando
488:Caligula
416:gazetted
232:Trinidad
134:Service/
86:Waterloo
2507:25 July
2052:11 June
2008:11 June
1938:30 July
1695:11 June
1644::
1459:25 July
1399:25 June
1330:Bristol
1220:Swansea
1212:, Wales
1158:Rhymney
1121:Newport
1111:Maesteg
778:(GCB).
749:At the
712:Badajoz
581:Caedula
546:mulatto
536:before
508:Britain
392:of the
341:in the
339:captain
329:in the
279:d'Erlon
240:torture
182:†
71:, Wales
57: (
2702:
2674:
2647:
2630:
2622:
2583:
2472:9 June
2414:"PMSA"
2202:
2151:16 May
1774:
1736:
1332:, the
1074:mutiny
1017:Rhoose
941:Picton
934:Places
894:July.
892:
878:
866:
755:cannon
736:Iscoed
728:George
720:guinea
670:Busaco
571:, the
560:alkald
504:Tobago
323:ensign
256:Picton
193:Awards
178:
136:branch
96:Buried
2832:1803
2628:JSTOR
1837:
1808:Gorée
1577:Stuff
1543:Stuff
1292:, at
1128:Other
1051:Wales
1041:Wales
1031:Wales
1021:Wales
1011:Wales
1000:Roads
794:When
782:Death
519:Obeah
350:major
260:Māori
2897:for
2786:Sir
2700:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2620:ISSN
2581:ISBN
2539:2021
2509:2020
2474:2020
2444:2016
2400:2016
2374:2016
2348:2016
2322:2016
2296:2022
2266:2022
2236:2021
2200:ISBN
2179:2022
2153:2020
2136:Cadw
2054:2020
2010:2020
1981:2017
1954:link
1940:2016
1872:2020
1772:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1697:2020
1589:2023
1555:2023
1524:2022
1491:2022
1461:2020
1432:2020
1401:2020
1175:, a
1096:The
992:and
883:Saul
862:Deal
800:Elba
658:and
656:Hill
583:and
460:Whig
437:Pitt
154:Rank
76:Died
52:Born
2666:doi
2610:doi
2606:112
2284:BBC
1650:".
1328:in
1313:in
1100:in
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