Thomas Beecham - Knowledge

1397:, whom he called, "the great international master of all time. ... He wrote Italian music better than any Italian; French music better than any Frenchman; English music better than any Englishman; and, with the exception of Bach, outrivalled all other Germans." In his performances of Handel, Beecham ignored what he called the "professors, pedants, pedagogues". He followed Mendelssohn and Mozart in editing and reorchestrating Handel's scores to suit contemporary tastes. At a time when Handel's operas were scarcely known, Beecham knew them so well that he was able to arrange three ballets, two other suites and a piano concerto from them. He gave Handel's oratorio 721:

capital prevented the completion of the contract. The estate and market continued to be managed by the Duke's staff, and in October 1916, Joseph Beecham died suddenly, with the transaction still uncompleted. The matter was brought before the civil courts with the aim of disentangling Sir Joseph's affairs; the court and all parties agreed that a private company should be formed, with his two sons as directors, to complete the Covent Garden contract. In July 1918, the Duke and his trustees conveyed the estate to the new company, subject to a mortgage of the balance of the purchase price still outstanding: £1.25 million.

1033: 294: 791: 1801: 488:. During the year, he mounted 34 different operas, most of them either new to London or almost unknown there. Beecham later acknowledged that in his early years the operas he chose to present were too obscure to attract the public. During his 1910 season at His Majesty's, the rival Grand Opera Syndicate put on a concurrent season of its own at Covent Garden; London's total opera performances for the year amounted to 273 performances, far more than the box-office demand could support. Of the 34 operas that Beecham staged in 1910, only four made money: 1048:(RPO), securing an agreement with the Royal Philharmonic Society that the new orchestra should replace the LPO at all the Society's concerts. Beecham later agreed with the Glyndebourne Festival that the RPO should be the resident orchestra at Glyndebourne each summer. He secured backing, including that of record companies in the US as well as Britain, with whom lucrative recording contracts were negotiated. As in 1909 and in 1932, Beecham's assistants recruited in the freelance pool and elsewhere. Original members of the RPO included James Bradshaw, 1935: 5641: 913: 695: 1378: 29: 170: 1191: 1486: 302: 554: 341:(LSO), his forces must be expanded to full symphonic strength and play in larger halls. For two years starting in October 1907, Beecham and the enlarged New Symphony Orchestra gave concerts at the Queen's Hall. He paid little attention to the box office: his programmes were described by a biographer as "even more certain to deter the public then than it would be in our own day". The principal pieces of his first concert with the orchestra were 2151:. His last recordings were made in Paris in December 1959. Beecham's EMI recordings have been continually reissued on LP and CD. In 2011, to mark the 50th anniversary of Beecham's death, EMI released 34 CDs of his recordings of music from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, including works by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Wagner, Richard Strauss and Delius, and many of the French "lollipops" with which he was associated. 6423: 6053: 6020: 6001: 5912: 5872: 5804: 5771: 1970:. Electrical recording technology (introduced in 1925–26) made it possible to record a full orchestra with much greater frequency range, and Beecham quickly embraced the new medium. Longer scores had to be broken into four-minute segments to fit on 12-inch 78-rpm discs, but Beecham was not averse to recording piecemeal – his well-known 1932 disc of Chabrier's 1347:. Although they never lived together, it continued, despite other relationships on his part, until his remarriage in 1943. She was a tireless fund-raiser for his musical enterprises. Beecham's biographers are agreed that she was in love with him, but that his feelings for her were less strong. During the 1920s and 1930s, Beecham also had an affair with 220:. He did not find university life to his taste and successfully sought his father's permission to leave Oxford in 1898. He studied as a pianist but, despite his excellent natural talent and fine technique, he had difficulty because of his small hands, and any career as a soloist was ruled out by a wrist injury in 1904. He studied composition with 1328: 1358:, a concert pianist 29 years his junior. Beecham married Betty in 1943, and they were a devoted couple until her death in 1958. On 10 August 1959, two years before his death, he married in Zurich his former secretary, Shirley Hudson, who had worked for the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra's administration since 1950. She was 27, he 80. 546:, at two days' notice and without rehearsal, when Monteux became unavailable. While in Berlin, Beecham and his orchestra, in Beecham's words, caused a "mild stir", scoring a triumph: the orchestra was agreed by the Berlin press to be an elite body, one of the best in the world. The principal Berlin musical weekly, 808:, the audience went wild, some of them standing on their seats to clap and shout. During the next eight years, the LPO appeared nearly a hundred times at the Queen's Hall for the Royal Philharmonic Society alone, played for Beecham's opera seasons at Covent Garden, and made more than 300 gramophone records. 1340:

he was involved as co-respondent in a much-publicised divorce case. Utica ignored advice that she should divorce him and secure substantial alimony; she did not believe in divorce. She never remarried after Beecham divorced her (in 1943), and she outlived her former husband by sixteen years, dying in 1977.

1989:. He began recording with the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1933, making more than 150 discs for Columbia, including music by Mozart, Rossini, Berlioz, Wagner, Handel, Beethoven, Brahms, Debussy and Delius. Among the most prominent of his pre-war recordings was the first complete recording of Mozart's 2801:

A typical, and well known, Beecham story – which, like many Beecham stories, is much repeated but not reliably verified – is of his meeting a distinguished woman whose face was familiar but whose name he could not remember. After some preliminaries about the weather, and desperately racking

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Harvey, reviewing the live 1956 taping of Sibelius's Second Symphony released after Beecham's death, wrote, "It is in one way a sad record, for it reminds one all too vividly of those Beecham occasions which can never happen again and which nobody else seems to be able to provide with so electrifying

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became the orchestra's chief conductor in 1944. Beecham was, to his great indignation, ousted from the honorary presidency of the Hallé Concerts Society, and Barbirolli refused to "let that man near my orchestra". Beecham's relationship with the Liverpool Philharmonic, which he had first conducted in

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as "one of the largest ever carried out in real estate in London". Sir Joseph paid an initial deposit of £200,000 and covenanted to pay the balance of the £2 million purchase price on 11 November. Within a month, however, the First World War broke out, and new official restrictions on the use of

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at a concert by the Hallé to mark Joseph Beecham's inauguration as mayor of St Helens. Soon afterwards, Joseph Beecham secretly committed his wife to a mental hospital. Thomas and his elder sister Emily helped to secure their mother's release and to force their father to pay annual alimony of £4,500.

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Sixty-six years after his first visit to America, Beecham made his last, beginning in late 1959, conducting in Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Seattle, Chicago and Washington. During this tour, he also conducted in Canada. He flew back to London on 12 April 1960 and did not leave England again. His final

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had been seeking for several years to get him to conduct in Australia. The outbreak of war on 3 September 1939 obliged him to postpone his plans for several months, striving instead to secure the future of the London Philharmonic, whose financial guarantees had been withdrawn by its backers when war

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During the First World War, Beecham strove, often without a fee, to keep music alive in London, Liverpool, Manchester and other British cities. He conducted for, and gave financial support to, three institutions with which he was connected at various times: the Hallé Orchestra, the LSO and the Royal

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Miles. Beecham and his wife had two sons: Adrian, born in 1904, who became a composer and achieved some celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s, and Thomas, born in 1909. After the birth of his second child, Beecham began to drift away from the marriage. By 1911, no longer living with his wife and family,

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Beecham, whom the BBC called "Britain's first international conductor", took the RPO on a strenuous tour through the United States, Canada and South Africa in 1950. During the North American tour, Beecham conducted 49 concerts in almost daily succession. In 1951, he was invited to conduct at Covent

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admitted to inventing some himself. Among the Beecham lines that are reliably attributed are, "A musicologist is a man who can read music but can't hear it"; his maxim, "There are only two things requisite so far as the public is concerned for a good performance: that is for the orchestra to begin

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From his return to England at the end of the Second World War until his final recordings in 1959, Beecham continued his early association with HMV and British Columbia, who had merged to form EMI. From 1955, his EMI recordings made in London were recorded in stereo. He also recorded in Paris, with

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In the opinion of the jury of the Académie du Disque Français, "Sir Thomas Beecham has done more for French music abroad than any French conductor". Berlioz featured prominently in Beecham's repertoire throughout his career, and in an age when the composer's works received little exposure, Beecham

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Beecham has been much quoted. In 1929, the editor of a music journal wrote, "The stories gathered around Sir Thomas Beecham are innumerable. Wherever musicians come together, he is likely to be one of the topics of conversation. Everyone telling a Beecham story tries to imitate his manner and his

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In 1908 Beecham and the New Symphony Orchestra parted company, disagreeing about artistic control and, in particular, the deputy system. Under this system, orchestral players, if offered a better-paid engagement elsewhere, could send a substitute to a rehearsal or a concert. The treasurer of the

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Beecham and his brother Henry had to sell enough of their father's estate to discharge this mortgage. For more than three years, Beecham was absent from the musical scene, working to sell property worth over £1 million. By 1923 enough money had been raised. The mortgage was discharged, and

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Another major 20th-century composer who engaged Beecham's sympathies was Sibelius, who recognised him as a fine conductor of his music (although Sibelius tended to be lavish with praise of anybody who conducted his music). In a live recording of a December 1954 concert performance of Sibelius's

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After the war, there were joint Covent Garden seasons with the Grand Opera Syndicate in 1919 and 1920, but these were, according to a biographer, pale confused echoes of the years before 1914. These seasons included forty productions, of which Beecham conducted only nine. After the 1920 season,

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According to the biographer John Lucas, Beecham had intended to insist on including the Mendelssohn symphony, but was dissuaded by his assistant, Berta Geissmar, a Jewish refugee from the Nazis. Geissmar herself says that she simply passed on a message from the German foreign minister, and the

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was attempting to build up a permanent ensemble of home-grown talent performing all the year round, in English translations. Extreme economy in productions and great attention to the box-office were essential, and Beecham, though he had been hurt and furious at his exclusion, was not suited to

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Because he persistently programmed works that did not attract the public, Beecham's musical activities at this time consistently lost money. As a result of his estrangement from his father between 1899 and 1909, his access to the Beecham family fortune was strictly limited. From 1907 he had an

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with a proposal to set up a permanent, salaried orchestra with a subsidy guaranteed by Sargent's patrons, the Courtauld family. Originally Sargent and Beecham envisaged a reshuffled version of the London Symphony Orchestra, but the LSO, a self-governing co-operative, balked at weeding out and

751:. No longer with an orchestra of his own, Beecham established a relationship with the London Symphony Orchestra that lasted for the rest of the 1920s. Towards the end of the decade, he negotiated inconclusively with the BBC over the possibility of establishing a permanent radio orchestra. 1498:

Beecham's attitude towards 19th-century German repertoire was equivocal. He frequently disparaged Beethoven, Wagner and others, but regularly conducted their works, often with great success. He observed, "Wagner, though a tremendous genius, gorged music like a German who overeats. And

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From 1935 to 1939, Beecham, now in sole control, presented international seasons with eminent guest singers and conductors. Beecham conducted between a third and half of the performances each season. He intended the 1940 season to include the first complete performances of Berlioz's

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Beecham's personal liabilities, amounting to £41,558, were paid in full. In 1924 the Covent Garden property and the pill-making business at St Helens were united in one company, Beecham Estates and Pills. The nominal capital was £1,850,000, of which Beecham had a substantial share.

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Beecham told an interviewer in 1910 that he spent a year composing, and produced three operas – two in English and one in Italian – and "once spent three weeks in trying to compose the first movement of a sonata", which led him to conclude that composition was not his

453: 550:, asked, "Where does London find such magnificent young instrumentalists?" The violins were credited with rich, noble tone, the woodwinds with lustre, the brass, "which has not quite the dignity and amplitude of our best German brass", with uncommon delicacy of execution. 2328:

put Beecham's image on the 13½p postage stamp in a series portraying British conductors; the other three in the series depicted Wood, Sargent and Barbirolli. The Sir Thomas Beecham Society preserves Beecham's legacy through its website and release of historic recordings.

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1911, was resumed harmoniously after the war. A manager of the orchestra recalled, "It was an unwritten law in Liverpool that first choice of dates offered to guest conductors was given to Beecham. ... In Liverpool there was one over-riding factor – he was adored."

1561:, despite his frequent expostulation about the composer's length and repetitiousness: "We've been rehearsing for two hours – and we're still playing the same bloody tune!" Beecham conducted all the works in the regular Wagner canon with the exception of 1649:, Beecham has been described as one of the two "foremost modern interpreters" of Berlioz's music. Both in concert and the recording studio, Beecham's choices of French music were characteristically eclectic. He avoided Ravel but regularly programmed Debussy. 1248:. These were his last operatic performances. It was during this season that Betty Humby died suddenly. She was cremated in Buenos Aires and her ashes returned to England. Beecham's own last illness prevented his operatic debut at Glyndebourne in a planned 313:

in London. Throughout his career, Beecham frequently chose to programme works to suit his own tastes rather than those of the paying public. In his early discussions with his new orchestra, he proposed works by a long list of barely known composers such as

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to Britain. In fact, although he gave its first British performance for decades at His Majesty's Theatre in 1910, it had been performed in London in 1811, in 1818 and again by the St. George's Opera Company in 1873, attracting very favourable comment from

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annuity of £700 left to him in his grandfather's will, and his mother subsidised some of his loss-making concerts, but it was not until father and son were reconciled in 1909 that Beecham was able to draw on the family fortune to promote opera.

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He was completely indifferent to mundane tasks such as correspondence, and was less than responsible with the property of others. On one occasion, during bankruptcy proceedings, two thousand unopened letters were discovered among his papers.

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Except for Delius, Beecham was generally antipathetic to, or at best lukewarm about, the music of his native land and its leading composers. Beecham's championship of Delius, however, promoted the composer from relative obscurity. Delius's

940:, whose lack of punctuality caused Beecham to remark very audibly, "The old bugger's late." After this tour, Beecham refused renewed invitations to give concerts in Germany, although he honoured contractual commitments to conduct at the 401:

had already banned the deputy system in the Queen's Hall Orchestra (provoking rebel players to found the London Symphony Orchestra), and Beecham followed suit. The New Symphony Orchestra survived without him and subsequently became the

745:. He returned to London the following month, conducting the combined Royal Albert Hall Orchestra (the renamed New Symphony Orchestra) and London Symphony Orchestra in April 1923. The main work on the programme was Richard Strauss's 1021:, attempted to hire him on its own terms as its salaried artistic director. "I emphatically refuse", concluded Beecham, "to be wagged by any orchestra ... I am going to found one more great orchestra to round off my career." When 1924:

wrote that Beecham preferred making records to giving concerts: "He told me that audiences got in the way of music-making – he was apt to catch someone's eye in the front row." The conductor and critic Trevor Harvey wrote in

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Garden after a 12-year absence. State-funded for the first time, the opera company operated quite differently from his pre-war regime. Instead of short, star-studded seasons, with a major symphony orchestra, the new director

763:(LPO), as it was named, consisted of 106 players including a few young musicians straight from music college, many established players from provincial orchestras, and 17 of the LSO's leading members. The principals included 2792:

an atmosphere. … here are those half-strangled yelps that Beecham emitted at moments of stress and climax, which one took to mean 'play, you so-and-so's, play!' – and play the BBC Symphony Orchestra does, like blazes."

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Beecham's repertoire was eclectic, sometimes favouring lesser-known composers over famous ones. His specialities included composers whose works were neglected in Britain before he became their advocate, such as Delius and

816:… The musicians were entirely unselfconscious with him. Instinctively they accorded him the artistic authority which he did not expressly claim. Thus he obtained the best from them and they gave it without reserve." 74:

Born to a rich industrial family, Beecham began his career as a conductor in 1899. He used his access to the family fortune to finance opera from the 1910s until the start of the Second World War, staging seasons at

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By the early 1930s, Beecham had secured substantial control of the Covent Garden opera seasons. Wishing to concentrate on music-making rather than management, he assumed the role of artistic director, and

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together and end together; in between it doesn't matter much"; and his remark at his 70th birthday celebrations after telegrams were read out from Strauss, Stravinsky and Sibelius: "Nothing from Mozart?"

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Beecham began making recordings in 1910, when the acoustical process obliged orchestras to use only principal instruments, placed as close to the recording horn as possible. His first recordings, for

1414:" symphonies, and regularly programmed some of them in his concerts. Earlier Haydn works were unfamiliar in the first half of the 20th century, but Beecham conducted several of them, including the 1351:, a soprano sometimes known as Lisa Perli, with whom he had a son, Paul Strang, born in March 1933. Strang, a lawyer who served on the boards of several musical institutions, died in April 2024. 2214:

come from, we're all a bit vulgar, you know, but there is a certain heartiness – a sort of bonhomie about our vulgarity – which tides you over a lot of rough spots in the path. But in

1884:, and would think I had vastly profited by the exchange". He was, by contrast, famous for presenting slight pieces as encores, which he called "lollipops". Some of the best-known were Berlioz's 2175:

worked with him in founding the London Philharmonic and was a friend and ally, but he was the subject of unkind, though witty, digs from Beecham who, for example, described the image-conscious

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of music." Despite his criticisms, Beecham conducted all the Beethoven symphonies during his career, and he made studio recordings of Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, and live recordings of No. 9 and

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In 1909, Beecham founded the Beecham Symphony Orchestra. He did not poach from established symphony orchestras, but instead he recruited from theatre bandrooms, local symphony societies, the

1477:. He considered the best of Mozart's piano concertos to be "the most beautiful compositions of their kind in the world", and he played them many times with Betty Humby-Beecham and others. 812:, his secretary from 1936, wrote, "The relations between the Orchestra and Sir Thomas were always easy and cordial. He always treated a rehearsal as a joint undertaking with the Orchestra. 2064:, and an RPO studio version of Sibelius's Second Symphony. Beecham's RCA records that were released on both sides of the Atlantic were his celebrated 1956 complete recording of Puccini's 909:, but the outbreak of the Second World War caused the season to be abandoned. Beecham did not conduct again at Covent Garden until 1951, and by then it was no longer under his control. 1029:

in 1945, Beecham conducted its first concert. But he was not disposed to accept a salaried position from Legge, his former assistant, any more than from his former players in the LPO.

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of hotels, and music colleges. The result was a youthful team – the average age of his players was 25. They included names that would become celebrated in their fields, such as

290:, a leading exponent of the title role. Beecham was also composing music in these early years, but he was not satisfied with his own efforts and instead concentrated on conducting. 2009:

magazine in 2006 as having "a legendary status". In 1936, during his German tour with the LPO, Beecham conducted the world's first orchestral recording on magnetic tape, made at

640:. Beecham did not conduct during this season; Monteux and others conducted the Beecham Symphony Orchestra. The following year, Beecham and his father presented Rimsky-Korsakov's 2321:

in the title role. It was later adapted for television, starring West, with members of the Hallé Orchestra taking part in the action and playing pieces associated with Beecham.

2468:. As Joseph Beecham was found to be keeping a mistress, his wife was able to obtain a judicial separation, which removed Joseph's right to block her release from the hospital. 955:

As his sixtieth birthday approached, Beecham was advised by his doctors to take a year's complete break from music, and he planned to go abroad to rest in a warm climate. The

1056:, Gerald Jackson and Reginald Kell. The orchestra later became celebrated for its regular team of woodwind principals, often referred to as "The Royal Family", consisting of 449:

opera house, the star singers were regarded as all-important, and conductors were seen as ancillary. Between 1910 and 1939 Beecham did much to change the balance of power.

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For Beecham, Mozart was "the central point of European music," and he treated the composer's scores with more deference than he gave most others. He edited the incomplete

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In 1944, Beecham returned to Britain. Musically his reunion with the London Philharmonic was triumphant, but the orchestra, now, after his help in 1939, a self-governing

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was recorded in two sessions three weeks apart. Beecham recorded many of his favourite works several times, taking advantage of improved technology over the decades.

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programme; and many of his favoured shorter pieces. He did not stick uncompromisingly to his familiar repertoire. After the sudden death of the German conductor

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was declared. Before leaving, Beecham raised large sums of money for the orchestra and helped its members to form themselves into a self-governing company.

895:. The production was a box-office success, but an artistic failure. Beecham manoeuvred Toye out of the managing directorship in what their fellow conductor 2904: 686:

Beecham temporarily withdrew from conducting to deal with a financial problem that he described as "the most trying and unpleasant experience of my life".

7691: 1792:, has seldom been out of the catalogues since its release and received more votes than any other operatic set in a 1967 symposium of prominent critics. 7369: 7219: 7099: 7569: 1833:. He put on Delius Festivals in 1929 and 1946 and presented his concert works throughout his career. He conducted the British premieres of the operas 1335:

Beecham was married three times. In 1903 he married Utica Celestina Welles, daughter of Dr Charles S. Welles, of New York, and his wife Ella Celeste,

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Beecham was not known for his Bach but nonetheless chose Bach (arranged by Beecham) for his debut at the Metropolitan Opera. He later gave the Third

365:. Beecham retained an affection for the last work: it was among the works he conducted at his final recording sessions more than fifty years later. 7621: 7636: 2782:

as in earlier large scale compositions, and that a non-Christian requiem was a miscalculation, particularly at the height of the First World War.

2276: 1827:, but in all else Beecham was matchless, especially with the orchestra." In an all-Delius concert in June 1911 Beecham conducted the premiere of 2317:, is a play celebrating the conductor and drawing on a large number of Beecham stories for its material. Its first production, in 1979, starred 7545: 7521: 7515: 1096:, he insisted on augmenting their number to 200. He also, contrary to Webster's policy, insisted on performing the piece in German. In 1953 at 733:

After his absence, Beecham first reappeared on the rostrum conducting the Hallé in Manchester in March 1923, in a programme including works by

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between 1892 and 1897, after which he hoped to attend a music conservatoire in Germany, but his father forbade it, and instead Beecham went to

1441:, made English translations of at least two of the great operas, and introduced Covent Garden audiences who had rarely if ever heard them to 309:

In 1906 Beecham was invited to conduct the New Symphony Orchestra, a recently formed ensemble of 46 players, in a series of concerts at the

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in 1954, Beecham in tribute conducted the two programmes his colleague had been due to present at the Festival Hall; these included Bach's

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Beecham was knighted in 1916 and succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father later that year. In 1938 the President of France,

6938: 7681: 7676: 274:, for the Imperial Grand Opera Company. He was engaged as assistant conductor for a tour and was allotted four other operas, including 2179:

as "a kind of musical Malcolm Sargent". Beecham's relations with foreign conductors were often excellent. He did not get on well with

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With Haydn, too, Beecham was far from an authenticist, using unscholarly 19th-century versions of the scores, avoiding the use of the

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replacing underperforming players. In 1932 Beecham lost patience and agreed with Sargent to set up a new orchestra from scratch. The

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Beecham took the London Philharmonic on a controversial tour of Germany in 1936. There were complaints that he was being used by

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Beecham left Britain in the spring of 1940, going first to Australia and then to North America. He became music director of the

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Burnett. In 1885, with the family firm flourishing financially, Joseph Beecham moved his family to a large house in Ewanville,

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Originally issued on LP as HMV ALP 1947 in 1962 and subsequently reissued on compact disc as BBC Legends BBCL 415–4 in 2005

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The orchestra made its debut at the Queen's Hall on 7 October 1932, conducted by Beecham. After the first item, Berlioz's

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decision was Beecham's. Throughout the tour, the orchestra flouted the custom of playing the Nazi anthem before concerts.

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six weeks after its first performance in Paris. Beecham shared Monteux's private dislike of the piece, much preferring

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and the Royal Opera House. Beecham and Toye fell out over the latter's insistence on bringing in a popular film star,

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as "a travesty, albeit an invigorating one"). In Brahms's music, Beecham was selective. He made a speciality of the

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Beecham was dismissive of some of the established classics, saying for example, "I would give the whole of Bach's

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Lucas, pp. 22–23 and 24–26. Jefferson (pp. 204–205) incorrectly gives the librettist's name as "Giuseppe Illica".

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with international stars, his own orchestra and a wide repertoire. Among the works he introduced to England were

2143:, though the Paris recordings were in mono until 1958. For EMI, Beecham recorded two complete operas in stereo, 2756:

did not appear in the US until "about thirteen years" after his London production. The US premiere was in 1922.

1415: 1308: 624: 286:. A Beecham biographer calls the company "grandly named but decidedly ramshackle", though Beecham's Carmen was 2028:. His RCA recordings include major works that he did not subsequently re-record for the gramophone, including 1867:

in the Festival Hall, Beecham can be heard uttering encouraging shouts at the orchestra at climactic moments.

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orchestras. From the early 20th century until his death, Beecham was a major influence on the musical life of

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In 1943 Lady Cunard was devastated to learn (not from Beecham) that he intended to divorce Utica to marry

1014:. In addition to his Seattle and New York posts, Beecham was guest conductor with 18 American orchestras. 7686: 5871: 5650: 3936: 2300: 2280: 2230:

and anecdotes about him. Some are variously attributed to Beecham or one or more other people, including

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in 1932. In the 1940s he worked for three years in the United States, where he was music director of the

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For the Columbia label, Beecham recorded his last, or only, versions of many works by Delius, including

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participate in such an undertaking. When offered a chorus of eighty singers for his return, conducting

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as joint senior conductor with his former assistant Bruno Walter. He began with his own adaptation of

330:, which he at once loved deeply and with which he became closely associated for the rest of his life. 7661: 7551: 7228: 7077: 6758: 2559: 2448: 2033: 1860: 1636:

framed and presented them to "my highly honoured friend ... and distinguished conductor of my work."

1628: 1281: 571: 338: 80: 7347: 4011: 2264: 2218:, in a spot of bother, they're so damn-set-in-their-ways that there's no doing anything with them!" 536:, Diaghilev's chief conductor. Beecham was much admired for conducting the complicated new score of 7263: 7239: 6977: 6169: 6000: 5803: 2808:"Ah, yes, your brother. I'm sorry to hear that. And, er, what is your brother doing at the moment?" 2296: 2128: 2041: 1567:, which he presented at Covent Garden but never with himself in the pit. The chief music critic of 1269: 1138: 477: 253: 186: 84: 20: 7721: 7197: 6078: 6019: 5730: 4927: 3396: 2903:

Cite error: The named reference "dnb" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

2613: 1678: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1508: 1176: 840: 742: 703: 658: 595: 225: 153: 4962: 936:, who was a Christian by faith but a Jew by birth. In Berlin, Beecham's concert was attended by 4387: 2630: 2624: 1998: 1947: 1864: 1600:

from 1910 until his last year; his final recording of it was released shortly after his death.

1473: 1449: 1394: 1386: 1026: 764: 213: 5846: 4737:

Vaughan, Denis. "Beecham in the Recording Studio: a centenary tribute to Sir Thomas Beecham",

2184: 1154: 1146: 7311: 6797: 6737: 6309: 6041: 5617: 4931:, 3 October 1974; also heard on the EMI "Beecham in Rehearsal" disc, EMI CDM 7 64465 2 (1992) 4724:, BBC, 14 June 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2011; and "Sir Thomas Beecham Selected Discography", 2696: 2465: 1979:

From 1926 to 1932, Beecham made more than 70 discs, including an English version of Gounod's

1927: 1602: 1535: 1372: 1158: 977: 675: 667: 584: 507: 441:

From 1910, subsidised by his father, Beecham realised his ambition to mount opera seasons at

265: 178: 6418: 6113: 5063: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 3378: 1669:. Bizet was among Beecham's favourites, and other French composers favoured by him included 7616: 7611: 7509: 6971: 6885: 6288: 5879: 2530: 2520: 2292: 2288: 2072:. The former remains a top recommendation among reviewers, and the latter was described by 1736: 1430: 1261: 7167: 6611: 5627: 1972: 1581:

was less heroic than Bruno Walter's or Furtwängler's, but it sang from beginning to end".

1307:, Surrey. Owing to changes at Brookwood, his remains were exhumed in 1991 and reburied in 845: 8: 6811: 6776: 6514: 6232: 5900: 5886: 5860: 5853: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2050: 1682: 1670: 1554:

never. In his memoirs he made no mention of any Brahms performance after the year 1909.

1420: 1355: 1300: 1122: 986: 257:

For this, Joseph disinherited them. Beecham was estranged from his father for ten years.

120:, Beecham founded the London Philharmonic, and he conducted its first performance at the 5640: 5022:, BBC TV film, 1979, British Film Institute Film and TV database. Retrieved 26 July 2007 2408:

The last of these was reissued in 1975 by Severn House, London, with an introduction by

706:, Sir Joseph Beecham had agreed, in July 1914, to buy the Covent Garden estate from the 7419: 6730: 6702: 6521: 6383: 5818: 2708: 2598: 2056: 1616: 1503:

was a hobbledehoy who had no style at all ... Even Beethoven thumped the tub; the

1304: 1167: 973: 941: 826: 631: 333:

Beecham quickly concluded that to compete with the two existing London orchestras, the

315: 252:

in Manchester. A month later, he stood in at short notice for the celebrated conductor

182: 129: 6155: 2040:

Symphonies. Some of his RCA recordings were issued only in the US, including Mozart's

1071:

Beecham's long association with the Hallé Orchestra as a guest conductor ceased after

350: 287: 205:. Their former home was demolished to make room for an extension to the pill factory. 7269: 7179: 7137: 7125: 6911: 6892: 6528: 6437: 6295: 6027: 5961: 5940: 5778: 5581: 5564: 5545: 5526: 5507: 5488: 5445: 5426: 5405: 5386: 5367: 5296: 5277: 5258: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5194: 5177: 5158: 5152: 5126: 5107: 5088: 3035: 2413: 2396: 2376: 2360: 2235: 1959: 1951: 1889: 1573: 1522: 1491: 1411: 1111: 1065: 933: 647: 642: 599: 579: 566: 529: 442: 403: 342: 270: 229: 105: 76: 6804: 6751: 6106: 5926: 2670: 2618: 2452: 2389: 1789: 1764:

after its disastrous première. Beecham rarely conducted that work, but he conducted

1655: 1538:

in one of his memorial concerts for Wilhelm Furtwängler (a performance described by

1443: 260:

Beecham's professional début as a conductor was in 1902 at the Shakespeare Theatre,

7587: 7557: 7533: 7486: 7455: 6507: 6465: 6362: 6344: 6253: 6239: 6197: 6190: 6176: 6162: 6141: 6048: 5947: 5825: 5811: 5759: 5679: 4963:

The Havergal Brian Society Newsletter, No. 228, July–August 2013, p. 3, footnote 28

2766: 2700: 2409: 2268: 2180: 2164: 2021: 1985: 1850: 1760: 1746: 1438: 1403:

its first performance since the 18th century, with a text edited by the conductor.

1399: 1343:

In 1909 or early 1910, Beecham began an affair with Maud Alice (known as Emerald),

1303:

at his London residence, aged 81, on 8 March 1961. He was buried two days later in

1209: 1205: 1125:. Characteristic Beecham programmes of the RPO years included symphonies by Bizet, 969: 860: 835: 609: 575: 557: 521: 327: 319: 125: 110: 6965: 6576: 6535: 6183: 6127: 2897: 1665: 1650: 912: 776: 7443: 7425: 7335: 7161: 7149: 7007: 7001: 6983: 6790: 6783: 6695: 6674: 6646: 6625: 6604: 6549: 6411: 6369: 6316: 6099: 5982: 5867: 5839: 5752: 5646: 5420: 5051: 3834:, 13 and 29 September 18 and 25 October 1, 15 and 29 November and 6 December 1958 3409: 2752:. Beecham was, however, correct when he teased an American lecture audience that 2712: 2551: 2546: 2353: 2284: 1829: 1751: 1689:. Many of Beecham's later recordings of French music were made in Paris with the 1686: 1461: 1172: 1072: 1037: 795: 790: 755: 747: 711: 671: 605: 537: 494: 489: 457: 334: 323: 221: 121: 117: 93: 88: 7413: 7401: 7299: 1217: 1126: 358: 293: 7581: 7575: 7437: 7323: 7305: 7287: 7275: 7251: 7013: 6995: 6852: 6838: 6831: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6688: 6681: 6653: 6639: 6632: 6556: 6542: 6500: 6451: 6390: 6330: 6323: 6302: 6274: 6246: 6211: 6148: 5989: 5975: 5919: 5907: 5893: 5745: 5044: 2704: 2587: 2573: 2541: 2248: 2239: 2200: 2188: 2160: 1921: 1899: 1894: 1875: 1823: 1818: 1558: 1500: 1134: 1107: 1061: 868: 850: 809: 784: 772: 734: 613: 533: 525: 513: 500: 414: 209: 145: 137: 99: 64: 2887: 2665:

Colin Davis, Beecham's assistant for the Glyndebourne production, took on the

2251:

sent him three scores with a view to having them performed. One of them, the

1934: 1674: 694: 452: 7605: 7563: 7527: 7431: 7407: 7037: 6923: 6866: 6859: 6458: 6444: 6430: 6376: 6281: 6267: 6218: 6134: 5968: 5792: 5585: 5568: 5449: 5130: 2400: 2364: 1348: 1200: 1180: 1162: 1150: 1053: 1000: 856: 821: 780: 738: 590: 446: 418: 149: 28: 3779: 2508:

Of the other operas of Beecham's 1910 seasons, lesser-known pieces, such as

2159:

Beecham's relations with fellow British conductors were not always cordial.

7395: 7329: 7245: 7131: 6899: 6878: 6845: 6744: 6660: 6618: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6479: 6120: 6060: 6034: 6008: 5996: 5933: 5799: 5181: 2642: 2492: 2380: 2318: 2310: 2196: 2192: 2010: 1755: 1706: 1467: 1381: 1130: 1049: 1022: 937: 917: 896: 831: 768: 505:

receiving their first, and highly publicised, performances in Britain, and

481: 461: 426: 310: 141: 43:(29 April 1879 – 8 March 1961) was an English conductor and 6954: 5785: 5699: 2275:. He was a Commendatore of the Order of the Crown of Italy and was made a 2163:

regarded him as an upstart and was envious of his success; the scrupulous

1849:

in 1953. However, he was not an uncritical Delian: he never conducted the

1817:, referred to Beecham as "excelling all others in the music of Delius ... 1659:

was an exception; Beecham's final recording sessions in 1959 included the

891: 249: 60: 7317: 7281: 7155: 7067: 7025: 6404: 6397: 6337: 6260: 6225: 6092: 6015: 5954: 5832: 2525: 2496: 2314: 2132: 1939: 1800: 1712: 1646: 1407: 1344: 1316: 1057: 1018: 949: 905: 886: 652: 422: 240:

Beecham first conducted in public in St. Helens in October 1899, with an

5613: 2020:

During his stay in the US and afterwards, Beecham recorded for American

2001:

and supervised by Walter Legge in Berlin in 1937–38, a set described by

1264:

on 7 May 1960. The programme, all characteristic choices, comprised the

928:

propagandists, and Beecham complied with a Nazi request not to play the

7173: 7031: 6204: 4286:

Cardus, p. 109; Procter-Gregg, p. 77; and Melville-Mason (Wagner), p. 4

2325: 2231: 2206:

Despite his lordly drawl, Beecham remained a Lancastrian at heart. "In

2025: 2002: 1814: 1810: 1724: 1312: 1195: 1190: 485: 473: 465: 410: 398: 44: 7107: 4584: 1032: 570:

at Covent Garden, and a "Grand Season of Russian Opera and Ballet" at

7377: 6486: 6472: 3394:"Sir Thomas Beecham to Pay in Full: The Receiving Order Discharged", 3302: 2765:

Beecham gave a "blazing" performance of it at a memorial concert for

2692: 2608: 2578: 2105:. Other Columbia recordings from the early 1950s include Beethoven's 1730: 1485: 716: 542: 301: 282: 202: 140:. Other composers with whose music he was frequently associated were 3357:"Covent Garden Estate: Sale of the Property to Sir Joseph Beecham", 2778:

Beecham thought Delius's invention was not of the same level in the

916:

Fake photograph in Nazi press supposedly showing Beecham (right) in

6667: 1772: 1584:

Richard Strauss had a lifelong champion in Beecham, who introduced

1563: 873: 553: 217: 169: 7227: 4907:

One of the many variants of this story is printed in Atkins, p. 89

1393:

The earliest composer whose music Beecham regularly performed was

1377: 564:

Beecham's 1913 seasons included the British premiere of Strauss's

2716: 2568: 1327: 1233: 1102: 679: 261: 1106:, and his last operatic performances in Britain were in 1955 at 1100:, Beecham presented the world premiere of Delius's first opera, 389:

to the second rehearsal. Not being able to play at the concert,

2688: 2684: 1841: 1410:, and phrasing the music romantically. He recorded the twelve " 1222: 1097: 1006: 276: 198: 5233:

The Quiet Showman: Sir David Webster and the Royal Opera House

1855:, and he detailed his criticisms of it in his book on Delius. 754:

In 1931, Beecham was approached by the rising young conductor

4925:"Jolts and Jars: some wit and wisdom by Sir Thomas Beecham", 2724: 2720: 1880: 1795: 1766: 1701: 1252:

and a final appearance at Covent Garden conducting Berlioz's

714:

to manage the estate commercially. The deal was described by

604:. There were also 15 ballets, with leading dancers including 326:. During this period, Beecham first encountered the music of 4750:

EMI (2011), "Sir Thomas Beecham Edition", catalogue numbers

1632:. Strauss had the first and last pages of the manuscript of 1121:

Between 1951 and 1960, Beecham conducted 92 concerts at the

520:

In 1911 and 1912, the Beecham Symphony Orchestra played for

2014: 1718: 925: 618: 5485:

Music and Copyright: the case of Delius and his publishers

5482: 2464:

Lucas concludes that Josephine Beecham was suffering from

1821:

and Sargent may have matched him in the great choruses of

1315:, Surrey, close to the joint grave of Delius and his wife 1425: 1216:

In the summer of 1958, Beecham conducted a season at the

397:, whom you would have paid five shillings to stay away." 377:, whom you want, signs to play at your concert. He sends 244:

ensemble comprising local musicians and players from the

68: 5504:

Orchestra – The LSO: A Century of Triumph and Turbulence

5402:

Klemperer on Music: Shavings from a Musician's Workbench

5383:

Barbirolli, Conductor Laureate: The Authorised Biography

2590:) outnumbered the more popular pieces, such as Wagner's 2487:

The lines are put into Beecham's mouth in the 1980 play

472:

In 1910, Beecham either conducted or was responsible as

181:, Lancashire (now Merseyside), in a house adjoining the 4603:

Harvey, Trevor. "Sibelius, Symphony No. 2 in D major",

4591:, Summer 1961, pp. 2–3 and 17. Retrieved 15 March 2011 2894:, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2016 1704:

canon, Beecham conducted eight during his long career:

4663:

Borwick, John. "Commentary: 50 Years of (BASF) Tape",

844:

cycle and nine other operas. The 1934 season featured

574:. At the latter there were three operas, all starring 5054:, Sir Thomas Beecham Society. Retrieved 30 March 2011 4065:

Golding, pp 3–6; and Melville-Mason (Handel), pp. 4–5

3782:, BBC Radio 3, 12 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011 3412:. "The Hallé Concerts: Sir Thomas Beecham's Return", 1645:

presented most of them and recorded many. Along with

877:. During 1933 and 1934, Beecham repelled attempts by 7485: 3425:"Albert Hall Concert: Sir Thomas Beecham's Return", 560:

as Salome in the Beecham Russian ballet season, 1913

55:

orchestras. He was also closely associated with the

5101: 2373:

A Mingled Chime – Leaves from an Autobiography

2226:, was published in 1978 consisting entirely of his 2167:found him "repulsive" as a man and a musician; and 7717:Presidents of the Independent Society of Musicians 7109:London Philharmonic Orchestra Principal Conductors 2388: 2195:as his successor with the RPO, and was admired by 1424:regularly throughout his career, recording it for 952:in the Beethovensaal in Berlin in the same years. 7379:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Principal Conductors 2888:"Beecham, Sir Thomas, second baronet (1879–1961)" 2255:, was never returned and is now considered lost. 2141:Orchestra National de la Radiodiffusion Française 1691:Orchestre National de la Radiodiffusion Française 1220:, Buenos Aires, Argentina, consisting of Verdi's 838:was a success, and the season continued with the 7672:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour 7632:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom 7603: 4991: 4989: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4052: 4050: 4048: 2682:The Handel works on which Beecham drew included 1697:", their concertmaster said of Beecham in 1957. 1596:and other operas to England. Beecham programmed 5462:Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Handel and Goldmark 5157:. Pompton Plains and Cambridge: Amadeus Press. 4722:"CD Review: Building a Library Recommendations" 4633: 4631: 2957:, Oxford Music Online. Retrieved 13 March 2011 2277:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour 1653:did not feature often, although his orchestral 476:for 190 performances at Covent Garden and 71:, was Britain's first international conductor. 7229:London Symphony Orchestra Principal Conductors 6953: 5469: 5456: 3491: 3489: 2332:In 2012, Beecham was voted into the inaugural 2068:and an extravagantly rescored set of Handel's 1983:and the first of three recordings of Handel's 381:(whom you don't mind) to the first rehearsal. 232:in Paris. As a conductor, he was self-taught. 152:and the composer he revered above all others, 7471: 7363: 7213: 7093: 6939: 5715: 5539: 5483:Montgomery, Robert; Robert Threlfall (2007). 4986: 4226: 4082: 4080: 4045: 3344: 3342: 2455:recommended Beecham to study with Moszkowski. 2258: 1550:only occasionally, the First rarely, and the 1384:as Cherubino in Beecham's 1910 production of 899:described as an "absolutely beastly" manner. 824:was recruited as managing director. In 1933, 185:laxative factory founded by his grandfather, 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4667:, April 1984, p. 91. Retrieved 13 March 2011 4628: 4585:"Sir Thomas Beecham: Some Personal Memories" 4206: 4204: 4176:, 12 June 1818, p. 2; and 21 July 1818, p. 2 3379:"The Bedford Estate: The Sale of the Estate" 2451:, but Stanford did not take private pupils. 1366: 871:conducted the British première of Strauss's 666:Philharmonic Society. In 1915 he formed the 16:British conductor and impresario (1879–1961) 5729: 5085:Tunes of Glory: The Life of Malcolm Sargent 4698:"Sir Thomas Beecham Selected Discography", 4394:, 10 December 2003. Retrieved 31 March 2008 3957: 3955: 3855: 3853: 3656: 3654: 3486: 2060:, a 1947–48 complete recording of Gounod's 1966:. In 1915, Beecham began recording for the 1639: 1418:and an early piano concerto. He programmed 532:in Berlin, under the batons of Beecham and 385:, without your knowledge or consent, sends 7692:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 7478: 7464: 7370: 7356: 7220: 7206: 7100: 7086: 6946: 6932: 5722: 5708: 5639: 5444:. Blackpool: Long Playing Record Library. 4388:"Hector Berlioz – the Unloved Genius" 4221:"Search results: Beethoven/Thomas Beecham" 4163:, 7 May 1811, p. 4; and 29 June 1811, p. 2 4146: 4144: 4077: 3799: 3797: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3385:(1970), pp. 48–52. Retrieved 14 March 2011 3383:Survey of London, Volume 36: Covent Garden 3339: 3323: 3321: 3269: 3267: 3248: 3246: 3105:Salter, p. 4; and Procter-Gregg, pp. 37–38 3002: 3000: 2998: 2743:Beecham liked to claim that he introduced 2271:. In 1955, Beecham was presented with the 2017:, the company that developed the process. 1331:Beecham's son, the composer Adrian Beecham 920:'s box during the 1936 LPO tour of Germany 193:, the elder son of Thomas, and Josephine, 5399: 5290: 5229: 4685:Jenkins, Lyndon. "The Beecham Archives", 4670: 4312: 4310: 4201: 4134: 4132: 3868:"Sudden Setback for Sir Thomas Beecham", 3173: 3171: 3143: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3101: 3099: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2076:as "an irresistible outrage … huge fun". 1700:Of the more than two dozen operas in the 698:1913 panorama of the Covent Garden estate 629:and the British premiere of Stravinsky's 5647:Newspaper clippings about Thomas Beecham 5561:Thomas Beecham: An Independent Biography 5501: 5207: 5150: 4951:Thomas Beecham: An Independent Biography 4916:Procter-Gregg, p. 154; and Cardus, p. 75 4018: 3952: 3850: 3651: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2834: 2832: 2805:"My brother has been rather ill lately." 2154: 1933: 1799: 1620:also featured in his repertory, but not 1577:was almost Italian in its lyricism; his 1484: 1376: 1326: 1194:Beecham's grave at St Peter's Church in 1189: 1079: 1031: 911: 789: 693: 552: 451: 300: 292: 168: 47:best known for his association with the 27: 7622:20th-century British conductors (music) 5575: 5520: 5422:Thomas Beecham: An Obsession with Music 5380: 5361: 5348: 5335: 5322: 5309: 5293:Sir Thomas Beecham: A Centenary Tribute 5216: 5188: 5137: 5120: 4392:The Lebrecht Weekly (La Scena Musicale) 4338:Greenfield, Edward. "Strauss, Richard. 4141: 3794: 3708: 3663: 3318: 3264: 3243: 2995: 2892:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1489:Beecham's 1913 production of Strauss's 1198:, Surrey. His epitaph is from the play 689: 682:on his father's death later that year. 7637:Conductors (music) awarded knighthoods 7604: 5592: 5271: 5250: 5171: 5102:Atkins, Harold; Archie Newman (1978). 5082: 4307: 4129: 4086:Wigmore, Richard. "Haydn Symphonies", 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3168: 3138: 3126: 3096: 3078: 2981: 2920: 2802:his brain, he asked after her family: 881:to form a link between Christie's new 798:, the London Philharmonic's first home 728: 702:Influenced by an ambitious financier, 7459: 7351: 7201: 7081: 6927: 5703: 5540:Procter-Gregg, Humphrey, ed. (1976). 5439: 5418: 4364:"Composer's Gift to Sir T. Beecham", 2938: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2859: 2829: 2412:and a discography by Malcolm Walker, 1276:), Beecham's own Handel arrangement, 5628:Beecham Opera Comique Tour 1910–1911 5558: 5523:Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music 4873:Grew, Sydney. "British Conductors", 2811:"Well ... he's still King", replied 305:Caricature of Beecham by "Emu", 1910 116:Together with his younger colleague 7702:20th-century British male musicians 4012:Remembering Paul Strang (1933–2024) 3364: 2902: 2430:Thomas Beecham selected discography 2339: 2044:, K199, the overtures to Smetana's 1916:Thomas Beecham selected discography 1845:in 1935, and the world premiere of 1068:(oboe) and Gerald Jackson (flute). 656:, with Chaliapin, and Stravinsky's 528:, both at Covent Garden and at the 337:Orchestra and the recently founded 235: 13: 7667:Recipients of the Legion of Honour 5475:Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Wagner 4637:Blyth, Alan. "Music from Heaven", 2949:Crichton, Ronald, and John Lucas. 2873: 2273:Order of the White Rose of Finland 990:. His main repertoire was French: 957:Australian Broadcasting Commission 456:Clockwise from top left: Beecham, 14: 7733: 7682:People from St Helens, Merseyside 7677:People educated at Rossall School 7068:Principal conductors of the Hallé 5637:National Portrait Gallery, London 5607: 4940:Cardus, p. 125; and Atkins, p. 48 4875:British Musician and Musical News 2359:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1956. 1521:with pleasure (recording it with 944:, in 1937 and 1938, and recorded 7627:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford 7487:Seattle Symphony Music Directors 6421: 6051: 6018: 5999: 5910: 5870: 5802: 5769: 5664:Baronetage of the United Kingdom 5295:. London: Macdonald and Jane's. 5193:. London: Secker & Warburg. 5057: 5038: 5025: 5011: 4998: 4977: 4968: 4956: 4943: 4934: 4919: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4880: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4768: 4744: 4731: 4714: 4705: 4692: 4657: 4644: 4619: 4610: 4597: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4538:Montgomery and Threlfall, p. 135 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4380: 4371: 4358: 4349: 4332: 4319: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4249: 4240: 4223:, WorldCat. Retrieved 2 May 2014 4213: 4192: 4179: 4166: 4153: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4068: 4059: 4036: 4027: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3964: 3943: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3862: 3837: 3824: 2795: 2785: 2772: 2759: 2737: 2676: 2659: 2344:Beecham's published books were: 1796:Delius, Sibelius and "Lollipops" 1750:. As early as 1904, Beecham met 1322: 480:. His assistant conductors were 246:Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra 173:The Beecham factory in St Helens 7712:Deaths from coronary thrombosis 7647:British male conductors (music) 5470:Melville-Mason, Graham (2002). 5457:Melville-Mason, Graham (2002). 5354:Mozart and Beethoven Symphonies 3815: 3806: 3785: 3773: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3733: 3724: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3525: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3419: 3403: 3388: 3351: 3330: 3309: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3255: 3234: 3225: 3216: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3159: 3150: 3117: 3108: 3087: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3027: 3018: 3009: 2972: 2963: 2649: 2502: 2481: 2471: 2458: 1480: 1459:; he also regularly programmed 972:in 1941. In 1942 he joined the 622:and his controversially erotic 37:Sir Thomas Beecham, 2nd Baronet 19:For Beecham's grandfather, see 7707:20th-century British musicians 7697:20th-century English musicians 5623:The Sir Thomas Beecham Society 4650:Blyth, Alan. "Masonic Magic", 3576:Jefferson, pp. 178–190 and 197 2929: 2911: 2850: 2841: 2441: 2183:, but he liked and encouraged 1938:1919 cartoon of Beecham, with 1507:was composed by a kind of Mr. 164: 1: 6494:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli 5525:. London: Chatto and Windus. 5425:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 5385:. London: MacGibbon and Key. 4511:Lucas, pp. 187–189 and 316–18 4015:, Trinity Laban, 4 April 2024 2823: 2731:The Triumph of Time and Truth 2637:Die Entführung aus dem Serail 2447:Beecham had first approached 2145:Die Entführung aus dem Serail 1995:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 1909: 1685:, Offenbach, Saint-Saëns and 1525:and the LPO) but avoided the 1456:Die Entführung aus dem Serail 1361: 1044:In 1946, Beecham founded the 761:London Philharmonic Orchestra 7020:Stanisław Skrowaczewski 5251:Holden, Amanda, ed. (1997). 5230:Haltrecht, Montague (1975). 5004:"Sir T. Beecham made C.H.", 3889:Jefferson, pp. 21 and 226–27 3872:, 13 July 1960, p. 12; and " 2898:UK public library membership 2769:in New York in January 1957. 2395:. London: Hutchinson. 1959. 2375:. London: Hutchinson. 1959. 1968:Columbia Graphophone Company 1046:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 436: 159: 7: 5651:20th Century Press Archives 5633:Portraits of Thomas Beecham 5563:. London: Victor Gollancz. 5506:. London: Faber and Faber. 5191:Putting the Record Straight 4574:Jenkins (1991) pp. 4 and 12 4529:Lucas, pp. 60, 223, and 329 3940:, 30 September 1922, p. 514 3937:The Illustrated London News 2423: 2054:, the Sinfonia from Bach's 1428:in 1956, and in 1944 added 10: 7738: 7642:English conductors (music) 6955:Hallé Principal Conductors 5598:Franck and Lalo Symphonies 5502:Morrison, Richard (2004). 5212:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 5210:The Baton and the Jackboot 5075: 4625:Procter-Gregg, pp. 196–199 4421:Procter-Gregg, pp. 196–203 4219:Jenkins (1988), p. 3; and 4198:Jefferson, pp. 115 and 238 3770:Procter-Gregg, pp. 113–114 2511:A Village Romeo and Juliet 2259:Honours and commemorations 2121:symphonies, Mendelssohn's 1913: 1836:A Village Romeo and Juliet 1370: 1185:Second Essay for Orchestra 1159:Third Brandenburg Concerto 1145:; concertos by Mozart and 578:, and all new to Britain: 371:Royal Philharmonic Society 32:Beecham rehearsing in 1948 18: 7493: 7385: 7235: 7115: 7064: 7047: 6961: 6821: 6768: 6566: 6354: 6070: 5737: 5690: 5677: 5669: 5662: 5521:Osborne, Richard (1998). 5440:March, Ivan, ed. (1967). 5404:. London: Toccata Press. 5381:Kennedy, Michael (1971). 5362:Kennedy, Michael (1989). 5121:Beecham, Thomas (1959) . 5069:. Retrieved 10 April 2012 4520:Procter-Gregg, pp. 56–59. 3377:Sheppard, F. H. W. (ed). 2449:Charles Villiers Stanford 2336:magazine "Hall of Fame". 2139:his own RPO and with the 2127:symphony, and the Brahms 1367:Handel, Haydn, and Mozart 445:and other houses. In the 339:London Symphony Orchestra 7070:, Hallé Concerts Society 6992:¶ (1914–1920; 1933–1939) 6170:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 5576:Russell, Thomas (1945). 5400:Klemperer, Otto (1986). 5349:Jenkins, Lyndon (2000). 5336:Jenkins, Lyndon (1991). 5323:Jenkins, Lyndon (1992). 5310:Jenkins, Lyndon (1988). 5291:Jefferson, Alan (1979). 5208:Geissmar, Berta (1944). 5172:Cardus, Neville (1961). 5138:Beecham, Thomas (1992). 5106:. London: Robson Books. 5083:Aldous, Richard (2001). 5045:"Membership information" 5031:"Conductors on Stamps", 4502:Procter-Gregg, pp. 56–57 4412:Procter-Gregg, pp. 37–38 3974:, 14 October 1977, p. 17 3925:Lucas, pp. 11, 12 and 24 3847:, 19 and 21 January 1955 2703:, Il Parnasso in Festa, 2435: 2281:Queen's Birthday Honours 2267:, invested him with the 2222:tone of voice." A book, 1950:, were of excerpts from 1780:. His 1956 recording of 1640:French and Italian music 963: 208:Beecham was educated at 21:Thomas Beecham (chemist) 6824:record label executives 6086:Victoria de los Ángeles 5731:Gramophone Hall of Fame 5593:Salter, Lionel (1991). 5477:. London: Sony Records. 5464:. London: Sony Records. 5272:Jacobs, Arthur (1994). 5254:The Penguin Opera Guide 5217:Golding, Robin (1962). 5151:Canarina, John (2003). 5019:Timothy West as Beecham 4965:. Retrieved 23 May 2016 4689:, September 1987, p. 11 4593:(subscription required) 4189:, 21 January 1873, p. 4 4090:, September 1993, p. 53 3414:The Manchester Guardian 3397:The Manchester Guardian 2959:(subscription required) 2287:of the universities of 1786:Victoria de los Ángeles 1754:through the librettist 1623:Also Sprach Zarathustra 805:Roman Carnival Overture 625:L'après-midi d'un faune 612:. The ballets included 5600:. London: EMI Records. 5580:. London: Hutchinson. 5559:Reid, Charles (1961). 5487:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 5356:. London: EMI Records. 5343:. London: EMI Records. 5330:. London: EMI Records. 5317:. London: EMI Records. 5315:Beecham Conducts Bizet 5224:. London: EMI Records. 5189:Culshaw, John (1981). 5154:Pierre Monteux, Maître 5125:. London: Hutchinson. 5087:. London: Hutchinson. 4783:Kennedy (1989), p. 154 4641:, December 2003, p. 52 4607:, November 1962, p. 38 4484:Jefferson, pp. 230–233 4368:, 22 April 1938, p. 12 4355:Jefferson, pp. 234–235 4185:"St. George's Opera", 4138:Procter-Gregg, p. 182. 4099:Jefferson, pp. 235–236 3934:"The World of Music", 3880:, 30 April 1960, p. 10 3757:Kennedy (1971), p. 189 3648:Jefferson, pp. 214–215 3567:Jefferson, pp. 178–190 3558:Kennedy (1989), p. 174 3438:Kennedy (1971), p. 138 3400:, 29 March 1923, p. 10 3348:Beecham (1959), p. 142 3336:Beecham (1959), p. 181 3306:, 1 January 1916, p. 9 3231:Jefferson, pp. 111–119 3039:, October 1910, p. 630 3033:"Mr. Thomas Beecham", 2673:conducted the Berlioz. 2631:Der Schauspieldirektor 2625:The Marriage of Figaro 2582:(Richard Strauss) and 2089:North Country Sketches 1943: 1904:Le Sommeil de Juliette 1865:BBC Symphony Orchestra 1805: 1495: 1474:The Marriage of Figaro 1450:Der Schauspieldirektor 1390: 1387:The Marriage of Figaro 1332: 1213: 1212:, Act 2 Scene 1, 169. 1041: 1027:Philharmonia Orchestra 921: 799: 699: 561: 469: 306: 298: 214:Wadham College, Oxford 174: 67:and, according to the 57:Liverpool Philharmonic 33: 7312:Michael Tilson Thomas 7040:(from September 2024) 6738:Mstislav Rostropovich 6310:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf 6042:Michael Tilson Thomas 5693:Adrian Welles Beecham 5544:. London: Duckworth. 5035:, 17 July 1980, p. 18 5008:, 13 June 1957, p. 10 4864:Procter-Gregg, p. 152 4654:, January 2006, p. 28 4457:Procter-Gregg, p. 202 4403:Procter-Gregg, p. 196 4316:Procter-Gregg, p. 203 4277:Beecham (1959), p. 81 4108:Procter-Gregg, p. 197 3791:Procter-Gregg, p. 200 3696:Procter-Gregg, p. 201 3429:, 9 April 1923, p. 10 3416:, 16 March 1923, p.18 3186:Beecham (1959), p. 88 3024:Beecham (1959), p. 74 2951:"Beecham, Sir Thomas" 2935:Beecham (1959), p. 52 2697:Clori, Tirsi e Fileno 2537:Pelléas and Mélisande 2466:post-natal depression 2283:. He was an honorary 2155:Relations with others 1956:The Tales of Hoffmann 1937: 1872:Brandenburg Concertos 1803: 1612:Bourgeois Gentilhomme 1571:observed: "Beecham's 1519:Fourth Piano Concerto 1488: 1380: 1373:Beecham-Handel suites 1330: 1193: 1080:1950s and later years 1035: 1012:The Tales of Hoffmann 915: 883:Glyndebourne Festival 793: 783:, James Bradshaw and 697: 678:and succeeded to the 668:Beecham Opera Company 556: 508:The Tales of Hoffmann 478:His Majesty's Theatre 455: 304: 296: 172: 128:and conducted at the 85:His Majesty's Theatre 31: 7652:Grammy Award winners 6822:Producers/engineers/ 6289:Anne Sofie von Otter 5880:Nikolaus Harnoncourt 5602:EMI CD CDM-7-63396-2 5419:Lucas, John (2008). 5366:. London: Papermac. 5345:EMI CD CDM 7-63412-2 5332:EMI CD CDM 7 63401 2 5226:EMI CD CDM 7-63374-2 5147:RCA CD 09026-61266-2 5064:"Sir Thomas Beecham" 5050:5 April 2012 at the 4616:Jenkins (1992), p. 3 4439:Procter-Gregg, p. 39 4430:Jenkins (2000), p. 3 4329:Procter-Gregg, p. 77 4074:Procter-Gregg, p. 14 4042:Beecham (1992), p. 5 3739:Jenkins (2000), p. 5 3300:"The Honours List", 2926:Lucas, pp. 12 and 18 2253:Second English Suite 1737:Un ballo in maschera 1557:Beecham was a great 1536:Brandenburg Concerto 1262:Portsmouth Guildhall 1141:; Richard Strauss's 994:(with Grace Moore), 690:Covent Garden estate 373:described it thus: " 345:'s symphonic ballad 177:Beecham was born in 109:and three operas by 7657:British impresarios 7051:†Appointed annually 6812:The Tallis Scholars 6777:Alban Berg Quartett 6515:Sergei Rachmaninoff 6233:Dmitri Hvorostovsky 5901:Herbert von Karajan 5887:Christopher Hogwood 5861:Carlo Maria Giulini 5854:John Eliot Gardiner 5847:Wilhelm Furtwängler 5578:Philharmonic Decade 5276:. London: Methuen. 5257:. London: Penguin. 5236:. London: Collins. 5176:. London: Collins. 4877:, June 1929, p. 154 4774:Jacobs, pp. 330–332 4720:See, for instance, 3361:, 7 July 1914, p. 8 2593:The Flying Dutchman 2185:Wilhelm Furtwängler 2177:Herbert von Karajan 2173:Sir Malcolm Sargent 2169:Sir John Barbirolli 2051:La clemenza di Tito 1671:Gustave Charpentier 1517:. He conducted the 1434:to his repertoire. 1301:coronary thrombosis 1288:by Delius, and the 1155:Wilhelm Furtwängler 1123:Royal Festival Hall 767:, George Stratton, 729:London Philharmonic 363:Symphony in G minor 189:. His parents were 49:London Philharmonic 7687:RCA Victor artists 7420:Vladimir Ashkenazy 6798:The King's Singers 6731:Jean-Pierre Rampal 6703:Anne-Sophie Mutter 6522:Sviatoslav Richter 6419:Marc-André Hamelin 6384:Vladimir Ashkenazy 6114:Montserrat Caballé 5819:Sergiu Celibidache 5542:Beecham Remembered 5174:Sir Thomas Beecham 4741:, April 1979, p. 1 4386:Lebrecht, Norman. 4346:, June 1961, p. 32 4172:"King's Theatre", 4159:"King's Theatre", 3748:Lucas, pp. 308–310 2955:Grove Music Online 2669:performances, and 2599:Tristan und Isolde 2057:Christmas Oratorio 2046:The Bartered Bride 2036:and Mendelssohn's 2030:Beethoven's Fourth 1944: 1806: 1629:Tod und Verklärung 1546:but conducted the 1496: 1391: 1333: 1305:Brookwood Cemetery 1299:Beecham died of a 1294:Samson and Delilah 1268:Overture, Haydn's 1241:Samson and Delilah 1214: 1168:Rapsodie espagnole 1042: 974:Metropolitan Opera 942:Berlin State Opera 922: 889:, to sing Mimi in 827:Tristan und Isolde 800: 700: 632:The Rite of Spring 562: 470: 353:'s symphonic poem 347:La forêt enchantée 307: 299: 175: 130:Metropolitan Opera 53:Royal Philharmonic 34: 7597: 7596: 7453: 7452: 7345: 7344: 7270:Willem Mengelberg 7195: 7194: 7180:Vladimir Jurowski 7168:Franz Welser-Möst 7138:William Steinberg 7126:Eduard van Beinum 7075: 7074: 6921: 6920: 6912:Kenneth Wilkinson 6893:Goddard Lieberson 6612:Jacqueline du Pré 6529:Arthur Rubinstein 6438:Vladimir Horowitz 6296:Luciano Pavarotti 6028:Leopold Stokowski 5962:Yevgeny Mravinsky 5941:Charles Mackerras 5779:Leonard Bernstein 5698: 5697: 5691:Succeeded by 5442:The Great Records 5432:978-1-84383-402-1 5328:French Favourites 4995:Jefferson, p. 101 4819:Jefferson, p. 179 4810:Jefferson, p. 105 4792:Jefferson, p. 183 4728:, May 2001, p. 11 4702:, May 2011, p. 11 4583:Arnell, Richard. 4466:Jefferson, p. 200 4304:Jefferson, p. 189 4259:, 19 January 1955 4237:Jefferson, p. 235 4117:Jefferson, p. 238 4056:Jefferson, p. 236 3983:Reid, pp. 134–137 3949:Reid, pp. 112–120 3859:Reid, pp. 238–239 3821:Jefferson, p. 103 3812:Haltrecht, p. 106 3687:Jefferson, p. 222 3639:Reid, pp. 217–218 3585:Jefferson, p. 194 3549:Jefferson, p. 175 3540:Jefferson, p. 172 3531:Jefferson, p. 173 3522:Jefferson, p. 170 3513:Jefferson, p. 171 3291:Reid, pp. 161–162 3036:The Musical Times 2896:(subscription or 2886:Jefferson, Alan. 2813:Princess Victoria 2566:(Edmond de Misa), 2531:L'enfant prodigue 2517:Hansel and Gretel 2236:Winston Churchill 1886:Danse des sylphes 1607:Till Eulenspiegel 1594:Der Rosenkavalier 1523:Arthur Rubinstein 1492:Der Rosenkavalier 1311:'s Churchyard at 1093:Die Meistersinger 1066:Terence MacDonagh 1052:, Leonard Brain, 846:Conchita Supervía 643:The Maid of Pskov 601:Ivan the Terrible 567:Der Rosenkavalier 404:Royal Albert Hall 271:The Bohemian Girl 230:Moritz Moszkowski 106:Der Rosenkavalier 7729: 7662:Knights Bachelor 7588:Thomas Dausgaard 7558:Manuel Rosenthal 7534:Nikolai Sokoloff 7480: 7473: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7079: 7078: 7057:‡Guest conductor 7054:¶Musical adviser 6948: 6941: 6934: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6569:woodwind players 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6508:Maurizio Pollini 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6466:Gustav Leonhardt 6461: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6425: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6365: 6363:Leif Ove Andsnes 6347: 6345:Fritz Wunderlich 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6254:Simon Keenlyside 6249: 6242: 6240:Gundula Janowitz 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6198:Nicolai Ghiaurov 6193: 6191:Angela Gheorghiu 6186: 6179: 6177:Kirsten Flagstad 6172: 6165: 6163:Kathleen Ferrier 6158: 6151: 6144: 6142:Feodor Chaliapin 6137: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6063: 6056: 6055: 6049:Arturo Toscanini 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6022: 6011: 6004: 6003: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5948:Neville Marriner 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5914: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5874: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5826:Riccardo Chailly 5821: 5814: 5812:Benjamin Britten 5807: 5806: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5773: 5762: 5760:Daniel Barenboim 5755: 5748: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5701: 5700: 5670:Preceded by 5660: 5659: 5643: 5601: 5589: 5572: 5555: 5536: 5517: 5498: 5479:Sony CD SMK89889 5478: 5466:Sony CD SMK87780 5465: 5453: 5436: 5415: 5396: 5377: 5358:EMI CD 5-67231-2 5357: 5344: 5331: 5319:EMI CD 5-67231-2 5318: 5306: 5287: 5268: 5247: 5225: 5213: 5204: 5185: 5168: 5146: 5134: 5117: 5098: 5070: 5061: 5055: 5042: 5036: 5029: 5023: 5015: 5009: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4984: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4938: 4932: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4846:Klemperer, p.193 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4828:Canarina, p. 291 4826: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4766: 4748: 4742: 4735: 4729: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4668: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4642: 4635: 4626: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4475:March, pp. 62–63 4473: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4395: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4224: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4199: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4139: 4136: 4127: 4126:Lucas, pp. 62–63 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4091: 4084: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3992:Jefferson, p. 39 3990: 3984: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3881: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3766:Stiff, Wilfred, 3764: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3504:Geissmar, p. 267 3502: 3496: 3495:Jefferson, p. 89 3493: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3410:Langford, Samuel 3407: 3401: 3392: 3386: 3375: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3316: 3313: 3307: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3136: 3133: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3094: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3066:Jefferson, p. 32 3064: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3004: 2993: 2990: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2947: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2884: 2871: 2868: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2818: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2767:Arturo Toscanini 2763: 2757: 2741: 2735: 2680: 2674: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2506: 2500: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2456: 2445: 2410:Felix Aprahamian 2404: 2394: 2391:Frederick Delius 2384: 2368: 2340:Books by Beecham 2269:Légion d'honneur 2181:Arturo Toscanini 2171:mistrusted him. 2165:Sir Adrian Boult 2034:Sibelius's Sixth 2022:Columbia Records 1761:Madama Butterfly 1681:, Grétry, Lalo, 1528:Emperor Concerto 1270:Symphony No. 100 1210:Philip Massinger 1206:Francis Beaumont 970:Seattle Symphony 897:Sir Adrian Boult 861:Alexander Kipnis 836:Lauritz Melchior 815: 676:New Year Honours 610:Tamara Karsavina 576:Feodor Chaliapin 558:Tamara Karsavina 522:Sergei Diaghilev 361:'s little-known 328:Frederick Delius 320:Nicolas Dalayrac 297:Beecham, c. 1910 236:First orchestras 126:Seattle Symphony 111:Frederick Delius 7737: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7602: 7601: 7598: 7593: 7504:Michael Kegrize 7489: 7484: 7454: 7449: 7444:Vasily Petrenko 7426:Yuri Temirkanov 7381: 7376: 7346: 7341: 7336:Antonio Pappano 7231: 7226: 7196: 7191: 7162:Klaus Tennstedt 7150:Bernard Haitink 7111: 7106: 7076: 7071: 7060: 7043: 7008:John Barbirolli 7002:Malcolm Sargent 6984:Michael Balling 6957: 6952: 6922: 6917: 6910: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6791:Beaux Arts Trio 6789: 6784:Amadeus Quartet 6782: 6775: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6696:Nathan Milstein 6694: 6687: 6680: 6675:Wynton Marsalis 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6647:Steven Isserlis 6645: 6638: 6631: 6626:Arthur Grumiaux 6624: 6617: 6610: 6605:Kyung Wha Chung 6603: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6550:Grigory Sokolov 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6513: 6506: 6499: 6492: 6485: 6478: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6417: 6412:Friedrich Gulda 6410: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6370:Martha Argerich 6368: 6361: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6317:Joan Sutherland 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6156:Plácido Domingo 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6100:Cecilia Bartoli 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6066: 6059: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6014: 6007: 5995: 5988: 5983:Antonio Pappano 5981: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5868:Bernard Haitink 5866: 5859: 5852: 5845: 5840:Gustavo Dudamel 5838: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5765: 5758: 5753:John Barbirolli 5751: 5744: 5733: 5728: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5610: 5605: 5552: 5533: 5514: 5495: 5433: 5412: 5393: 5374: 5303: 5284: 5265: 5244: 5201: 5165: 5123:A Mingled Chime 5114: 5104:Beecham Stories 5095: 5078: 5073: 5062: 5058: 5052:Wayback Machine 5043: 5039: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5012: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4855:Osborne, p. 248 4854: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4749: 4745: 4736: 4732: 4719: 4715: 4711:Culshaw, p. 212 4710: 4706: 4697: 4693: 4684: 4671: 4662: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4547:Osborne, p. 387 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4493:Reid, pp. 56–61 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4340:Ein Heldenleben 4337: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4184: 4180: 4171: 4167: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612:Geissmar p. 233 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474:Russell, p. 135 3473: 3469: 3465:Morrison, p. 79 3464: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3420: 3408: 3404: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3365: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3240:Canarina, p. 39 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3156:Reid, pp. 70–71 3155: 3151: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3097: 3093:Reid, pp. 55–56 3092: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3005: 2996: 2991: 2982: 2978:Reid, pp. 31–34 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2948: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2895: 2885: 2874: 2869: 2860: 2856:Reid, pp. 25–27 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2742: 2738: 2681: 2677: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2650: 2507: 2503: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2472: 2463: 2459: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2426: 2387: 2371: 2354:Romanes Lecture 2348: 2342: 2285:Doctor of Music 2261: 2224:Beecham Stories 2157: 2129:Violin Concerto 2042:Symphony No. 27 1991:The Magic Flute 1918: 1912: 1861:Second Symphony 1830:Songs of Sunset 1798: 1687:Ambroise Thomas 1647:Sir Colin Davis 1642: 1598:Ein Heldenleben 1544:Second Symphony 1531:when possible. 1483: 1462:The Magic Flute 1416:Symphony No. 40 1375: 1369: 1364: 1325: 1260:concert was at 1246:The Magic Flute 1149:; a Delius and 1143:Ein Heldenleben 1082: 1073:John Barbirolli 1038:Karsh of Ottawa 982:Phoebus and Pan 980:comic cantata, 966: 946:The Magic Flute 813: 756:Malcolm Sargent 748:Ein Heldenleben 731: 712:limited company 708:Duke of Bedford 692: 659:The Nightingale 606:Vaslav Nijinsky 596:Rimsky-Korsakov 490:Richard Strauss 458:Richard Strauss 439: 324:Ferdinando Paer 288:Zélie de Lussan 238: 228:in London, and 222:Frederic Austin 183:Beecham's Pills 167: 162: 118:Malcolm Sargent 89:Richard Strauss 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7735: 7725: 7724: 7722:Beecham family 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7591: 7585: 7582:Ludovic Morlot 7579: 7576:Gerard Schwarz 7573: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7540:Thomas Beecham 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7483: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7460: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7441: 7438:Charles Dutoit 7435: 7429: 7423: 7417: 7411: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7390:Thomas Beecham 7386: 7383: 7382: 7375: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7352: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7324:Valery Gergiev 7321: 7315: 7309: 7306:Claudio Abbado 7303: 7297: 7294:István Kertész 7291: 7288:Pierre Monteux 7285: 7279: 7276:Hamilton Harty 7273: 7267: 7261: 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Robert Fine 6849: 6842: 6839:Bernard Coutaz 6835: 6832:Emile Berliner 6827: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6805:Takács Quartet 6801: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6755: 6752:Andrés Segovia 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6724:Itzhak Perlman 6720: 6717:Emmanuel Pahud 6713: 6710:David Oistrakh 6706: 6699: 6692: 6689:Yehudi Menuhin 6685: 6682:Albrecht Mayer 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6654:Fritz Kreisler 6650: 6643: 6640:Heinz Holliger 6636: 6633:Jascha Heifetz 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6572: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6557:Mitsuko Uchida 6553: 6546: 6543:Artur Schnabel 6539: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6501:Murray Perahia 6497: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6462: 6455: 6452:Wilhelm Kempff 6448: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6391:Alfred Brendel 6387: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6331:Kiri Te Kanawa 6327: 6324:Renata Tebaldi 6320: 6313: 6306: 6303:Leontyne Price 6299: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6275:Birgit Nilsson 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6247:Jonas Kaufmann 6243: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6212:Thomas Hampson 6208: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6149:Joyce DiDonato 6145: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6110: 6107:Jussi Björling 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6057: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6012: 6005: 5993: 5990:Trevor Pinnock 5986: 5979: 5976:Eugene Ormandy 5972: 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5927:Rafael Kubelík 5923: 5920:Otto Klemperer 5916: 5908:Carlos Kleiber 5904: 5897: 5894:Mariss Jansons 5890: 5883: 5876: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5767:Thomas Beecham 5763: 5756: 5749: 5746:Claudio Abbado 5741: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5684:(of Ewanville) 5676: 5673:Joseph Beecham 5671: 5667: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5644: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614:Thomas Beecham 5609: 5608:External links 5606: 5604: 5603: 5590: 5573: 5556: 5550: 5537: 5531: 5518: 5512: 5499: 5493: 5480: 5467: 5454: 5437: 5431: 5416: 5410: 5397: 5391: 5378: 5372: 5359: 5346: 5333: 5320: 5307: 5301: 5288: 5282: 5269: 5263: 5248: 5242: 5227: 5214: 5205: 5199: 5186: 5169: 5163: 5148: 5145:. London: RCA. 5135: 5118: 5112: 5099: 5093: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5056: 5037: 5024: 5010: 4997: 4985: 4976: 4974:Russell, p. 52 4967: 4955: 4949:Charles Reid, 4942: 4933: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4891: 4879: 4866: 4857: 4848: 4839: 4830: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4767: 4743: 4730: 4713: 4704: 4691: 4669: 4656: 4643: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4596: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4379: 4370: 4357: 4348: 4331: 4325:Howes, Frank, 4318: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4248: 4239: 4225: 4212: 4200: 4191: 4178: 4165: 4152: 4150:Holden, p. 253 4140: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4003: 3994: 3985: 3976: 3963: 3951: 3942: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3861: 3849: 3836: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3793: 3784: 3772: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3707: 3698: 3689: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3621:Russell, p. 42 3614: 3605: 3596: 3594:Russell, p. 39 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2081:A Mass of Life 2013:, the home of 1964:Die Fledermaus 1960:Johann Strauss 1928:The Gramophone 1922:Richard Arnell 1914:Main article: 1911: 1908: 1895:Joyeuse Marche 1824:A Mass of Life 1804:Delius in 1907 1797: 1794: 1790:Jussi Björling 1641: 1638: 1514:Missa Solemnis 1505:Ninth symphony 1482: 1479: 1444:Così fan tutte 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1324: 1321: 1282:Symphony No. 5 1238:Saint-Saëns's 1231:, Beethoven's 1177:Symphony No. 1 1116:Zémire et Azor 1081: 1078: 1062:Gwydion Brooke 992:Carmen, Louise 984:, followed by 965: 962: 869:Clemens Krauss 851:La Cenerentola 810:Berta Geissmar 785:Marie Goossens 773:Gerald Jackson 730: 727: 691: 688: 534:Pierre Monteux 526:Ballets Russes 514:Die Fledermaus 492:'s new operas 438: 435: 415:Albert Sammons 311:Bechstein Hall 237: 234: 224:in Liverpool, 210:Rossall School 191:Joseph Beecham 187:Thomas Beecham 166: 163: 161: 158: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7734: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 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6219:Marilyn Horne 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6184:Renée Fleming 6181: 6178: 6174: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6135:Enrico Caruso 6132: 6129: 6128:José Carreras 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5969:Riccardo Muti 5966: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5793:Pierre Boulez 5790: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5711: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5551:0-7156-1117-8 5547: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5532:1-85619-763-8 5528: 5524: 5519: 5515: 5513:0-571-21584-X 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5494:0-7546-5846-5 5490: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5411:0-907689-13-2 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5392:0-261-63336-8 5388: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5373:0-333-48752-4 5369: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5302:0-354-04205-X 5298: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5283:0-413-69340-6 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5264:0-14-051385-X 5260: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5243:0-00-211163-2 5239: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5200:0-436-11802-5 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5164:1-57467-082-4 5160: 5156: 5155: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5113:0-86051-044-1 5109: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5094:0-09-180131-1 5090: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5068: 5065: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5028: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5007: 5001: 4992: 4990: 4983:Lucas, p. 330 4980: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4953:, 1961, p. 93 4952: 4946: 4937: 4930: 4929: 4922: 4913: 4904: 4898:Cardus, p. 26 4895: 4889: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4801:Atkins, p. 61 4798: 4789: 4780: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4734: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4666: 4660: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4632: 4622: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4590: 4586: 4580: 4571: 4565:Cardus, p. 29 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4377:Atkins, p. 15 4374: 4367: 4361: 4352: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4313: 4311: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4268:Lucas, p. 331 4265: 4258: 4252: 4246:Cardus, p. 28 4243: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4222: 4216: 4210:Cardus, p. 60 4207: 4205: 4195: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4156: 4147: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4014: 4013: 4007: 4001:Lucas, p. 212 3998: 3989: 3980: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3956: 3946: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3922: 3916:Lucas, p. 339 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3856: 3854: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3798: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3763: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3678:Lucas, p. 240 3675: 3666: 3660:Lucas, p. 239 3657: 3655: 3645: 3636: 3630:Lucas, p. 232 3627: 3618: 3609: 3603:Lucas, p. 231 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3490: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3447:Aldous, p. 68 3444: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3398: 3391: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3333: 3324: 3322: 3315:Lucas, p. 136 3312: 3305: 3304: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3258: 3249: 3247: 3237: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3172: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3100: 3090: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3038: 3037: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2975: 2966: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2932: 2923: 2917:Lucas, p. 144 2914: 2906: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2788: 2781: 2775: 2768: 2762: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2652: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2474: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2440: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2421: 2419: 2418:0-7278-0073-6 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2337: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265:Albert Lebrun 2256: 2254: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2203:and Karajan. 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2048:and Mozart's 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1923: 1920:The composer 1917: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1695:C'est un dieu 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1349:Dora Labbette 1346: 1341: 1338: 1329: 1323:Personal life 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280:, Schubert's 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244:and Mozart's 1243: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1201:The False One 1197: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1088: 1087:David Webster 1077: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1054:Archie Camden 1051: 1047: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1002: 997: 993: 989: 988: 983: 979: 975: 971: 961: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 919: 914: 910: 908: 907: 900: 898: 894: 893: 888: 884: 880: 879:John Christie 876: 875: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:Lotte Lehmann 854: 852: 847: 843: 842: 837: 833: 829: 828: 823: 822:Geoffrey Toye 817: 811: 807: 806: 797: 792: 788: 786: 782: 781:Reginald Kell 778: 777:Léon Goossens 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 752: 750: 749: 744: 741:, Delius and 740: 736: 726: 722: 719: 718: 713: 709: 705: 696: 687: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 663: 662: 660: 655: 654: 649: 645: 644: 639: 635: 633: 628: 626: 621: 620: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602: 597: 593: 592: 591:Khovanshchina 587: 586: 585:Boris Godunov 581: 577: 573: 569: 568: 559: 555: 551: 549: 545: 544: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 516: 515: 510: 509: 504: 502: 497: 496: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 468:, all in 1910 467: 463: 459: 454: 450: 448: 444: 443:Covent Garden 434: 430: 428: 424: 420: 419:Lionel Tertis 416: 412: 407: 405: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316:Étienne Méhul 312: 303: 295: 291: 289: 285: 284: 279: 278: 273: 272: 267: 263: 258: 255: 251: 247: 243: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 171: 157: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 133: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 112: 108: 107: 102: 101: 96: 95: 90: 86: 82: 78: 77:Covent Garden 72: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 30: 26: 22: 7599: 7546:Carl Bricken 7539: 7522:Karl Krueger 7516:John Spargur 7510:Henry Hadley 7414:André Previn 7402:Antal Doráti 7396:Rudolf Kempe 7389: 7330:Simon Rattle 7300:André Previn 7257: 7246:Edward Elgar 7240:Hans Richter 7132:Adrian Boult 7119: 7038:Kahchun Wong 6989: 6978:Hans Richter 6900:Richard Mohr 6886:Edward Lewis 6879:Walter Legge 6846:John Culshaw 6745:Jordi Savall 6661:Gidon Kremer 6619:James Galway 6598:Pablo Casals 6591:Julian Bream 6584:Dennis Brain 6480:Dinu Lipatti 6355:Keyboardists 6121:Maria Callas 6079:Thomas Allen 6061:Bruno Walter 6035:George Szell 6009:Fritz Reiner 5997:Simon Rattle 5934:James Levine 5800:Adrian Boult 5766: 5685: 5678: 5597: 5594: 5577: 5560: 5541: 5522: 5503: 5484: 5474: 5471: 5461: 5458: 5441: 5421: 5401: 5382: 5364:Adrian Boult 5363: 5353: 5350: 5340: 5337: 5327: 5324: 5314: 5311: 5292: 5274:Henry J Wood 5273: 5253: 5232: 5222:Love in Bath 5221: 5218: 5209: 5190: 5173: 5153: 5142: 5139: 5122: 5103: 5084: 5066: 5059: 5040: 5032: 5027: 5018: 5013: 5005: 5000: 4979: 4970: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4936: 4928:The Listener 4926: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4874: 4869: 4860: 4851: 4842: 4837:Reid, p. 192 4833: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4746: 4738: 4733: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4699: 4694: 4686: 4664: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4638: 4621: 4612: 4604: 4599: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4453: 4444: 4435: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4399: 4391: 4382: 4373: 4365: 4360: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4326: 4321: 4300: 4295:Reid, p. 206 4291: 4282: 4273: 4264: 4256: 4255:"Concerts", 4251: 4242: 4215: 4194: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4168: 4160: 4155: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4095: 4087: 4070: 4061: 4038: 4033:Reid, p. 241 4029: 4024:Reid, p. 220 4020: 4010: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3971: 3966: 3961:Reid, p. 120 3945: 3935: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3907:Reid, p. 245 3903: 3898:Reid, p. 244 3894: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3844: 3843:"Concerts", 3839: 3831: 3830:"Concerts", 3826: 3817: 3808: 3803:Reid, p. 236 3787: 3775: 3767: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3730:Reid, p. 232 3726: 3721:Reid, p. 231 3705:Reid, p. 230 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3669:Reid, p. 218 3665: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3456:Reid, p. 202 3452: 3443: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3413: 3405: 3395: 3390: 3382: 3358: 3353: 3332: 3327:Reid, p. 181 3311: 3301: 3296: 3287: 3282:Reid, p. 145 3278: 3273:Reid, p. 142 3261:Reid, p. 141 3257: 3252:Reid, p. 123 3236: 3227: 3222:Reid, p. 107 3218: 3209: 3204:Reid, p. 108 3200: 3191: 3182: 3161: 3152: 3119: 3110: 3089: 3080: 3075:Lucas, p. 24 3071: 3062: 3053: 3048:Lucas, p. 32 3044: 3034: 3029: 3020: 3015:Lucas, p. 22 3011: 3006:Lucas, p. 20 2974: 2969:Lucas, p. 17 2965: 2954: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2891: 2852: 2843: 2797: 2787: 2779: 2774: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2729: 2683: 2678: 2666: 2661: 2651: 2643:Don Giovanni 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2583: 2577: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2545: 2535: 2529: 2521:The Wreckers 2515: 2509: 2504: 2493:Caryl Brahms 2488: 2483: 2473: 2460: 2443: 2407: 2390: 2372: 2357: 2349: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2324:In 1980 the 2323: 2319:Timothy West 2311:Caryl Brahms 2306: 2305: 2279:in the 1957 2262: 2252: 2245: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2197:Fritz Reiner 2193:Rudolf Kempe 2158: 2148: 2144: 2137: 2122: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2093:An Arabesque 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2019: 2011:Ludwigshafen 2006: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1978: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1945: 1942:as Britannia 1926: 1919: 1903: 1893: 1885: 1879: 1871: 1869: 1857: 1851: 1846: 1840: 1839:in 1910 and 1834: 1828: 1822: 1807: 1781: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1756:Luigi Illica 1745: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1707:Il trovatore 1705: 1699: 1694: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1643: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1539: 1533: 1526: 1512: 1497: 1490: 1481:German music 1472: 1468:Don Giovanni 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1431:The Creation 1429: 1419: 1405: 1398: 1392: 1385: 1382:Maggie Teyte 1353: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1286:On the River 1285: 1278:Love in Bath 1277: 1273: 1265: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1232: 1228: 1221: 1218:Teatro Colón 1215: 1199: 1184: 1166: 1142: 1120: 1115: 1101: 1091: 1083: 1070: 1060:(clarinet), 1050:Dennis Brain 1043: 1025:founded the 1023:Walter Legge 1019:co-operative 1016: 1011: 1005: 999: 995: 991: 985: 981: 967: 954: 945: 938:Adolf Hitler 932:Symphony of 929: 923: 918:Adolf Hitler 904: 901: 890: 872: 864: 849: 839: 832:Frida Leider 825: 818: 803: 801: 796:Queen's Hall 769:Anthony Pini 753: 746: 732: 723: 715: 710:and float a 701: 684: 664: 657: 651: 641: 637: 630: 623: 617: 600: 589: 583: 565: 563: 547: 541: 519: 512: 506: 499: 493: 482:Bruno Walter 471: 462:Bruno Walter 440: 431: 427:Eugene Cruft 408: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 367: 354: 346: 335:Queen's Hall 332: 308: 281: 275: 269: 259: 254:Hans Richter 241: 239: 226:Charles Wood 207: 194: 176: 134: 122:Queen's Hall 115: 104: 98: 92: 73: 36: 35: 25: 7617:1961 deaths 7612:1879 births 7318:Colin Davis 7282:Josef Krips 7156:Georg Solti 7034:(2000–2024) 7028:(1992–2000) 7026:Kent Nagano 7022:(1982–1992) 7016:(1971–1983) 7010:(1943–1970) 6998:(1920–1933) 6986:(1912–1914) 6980:(1899–1911) 6968:(1858–1895) 6405:Glenn Gould 6398:Emil Gilels 6338:Bryn Terfel 6261:Emma Kirkby 6226:Hans Hotter 6093:Janet Baker 6016:Georg Solti 5955:Zubin Mehta 5833:Colin Davis 3874:The Trojans 3780:"CD Review" 3213:Reid, p. 96 3195:Reid, p. 97 3177:Reid, p. 98 3165:Reid, p. 88 3147:Reid, p. 71 3135:Reid, p. 70 3123:Reid, p. 50 3084:Reid, p. 55 3057:Reid, p. 54 2992:Reid, p. 62 2870:Reid, p. 27 2847:Lucas, p. 6 2838:Reid, p. 19 2667:Magic Flute 2526:Ethel Smyth 2497:Ned Sherrin 2315:Ned Sherrin 2191:, fostered 2133:Isaac Stern 2038:Reformation 1997:, made for 1940:Lady Cunard 1713:La traviata 1666:Dolly Suite 1603:Don Quixote 1421:The Seasons 1408:harpsichord 1356:Betty Humby 1345:Lady Cunard 1317:Jelka Rosen 1266:Magic Flute 1254:The Trojans 1250:Magic Flute 1147:Saint-Saëns 1139:Tchaikovsky 1064:(bassoon), 1058:Jack Brymer 1036:Beecham by 987:Le Coq d'Or 934:Mendelssohn 906:Les Troyens 887:Grace Moore 704:James White 653:Prince Igor 548:Die Signale 423:Eric Coates 411:palm courts 406:Orchestra. 242:ad hoc 165:Early years 7606:Categories 7498:Harry West 7174:Kurt Masur 7032:Mark Elder 6205:Tito Gobbi 5738:Conductors 5688:1916–1961 5067:Gramophone 4739:Gramophone 4726:Gramophone 4700:Gramophone 4687:Gramophone 4665:Gramophone 4652:Gramophone 4639:Gramophone 4605:Gramophone 4344:Gramophone 4088:Gramophone 3970:Obituary, 3876:Revived", 2824:References 2602:, Bizet's 2514:(Delius), 2334:Gramophone 2326:Royal Mail 2297:Manchester 2232:Arnold Bax 2187:, admired 2085:Appalachia 2074:Gramophone 2026:RCA Victor 2007:Gramophone 2003:Alan Blyth 1910:Recordings 1815:Eric Fenby 1811:amanuensis 1725:Don Carlos 1614:music and 1371:See also: 1362:Repertoire 1313:Limpsfield 1290:Bacchanale 1196:Limpsfield 765:Paul Beard 672:knighthood 580:Mussorgsky 572:Drury Lane 538:Stravinsky 486:Percy Pitt 474:impresario 466:Percy Pitt 399:Henry Wood 81:Drury Lane 45:impresario 6906:Ted Perry 6769:Ensembles 6487:Radu Lupu 6473:Lang Lang 5786:Karl Böhm 5586:504109856 5569:500565141 5473:Notes to 5450:555041974 5341:Lollipops 5313:Notes to 5131:470511334 5033:The Times 5006:The Times 4366:The Times 4327:quoted in 4257:The Times 4187:The Times 4174:The Times 4161:The Times 3972:The Times 3878:The Times 3870:The Times 3845:The Times 3832:The Times 3768:quoted in 3427:The Times 3359:The Times 3303:The Times 2905:help page 2900:required) 2750:The Times 2709:Radamisto 2693:Ariodante 2612:and five 2609:Rigoletto 2579:Feuersnot 2401:730041374 2365:315928398 2356:for 1956) 2228:bons mots 2216:Yorkshire 2066:La bohème 1993:with the 1952:Offenbach 1863:with the 1782:La bohème 1778:La bohème 1731:Rigoletto 1574:Lohengrin 1569:The Times 1559:Wagnerian 1540:The Times 1509:Gladstone 892:La bohème 717:The Times 680:baronetcy 638:Petrushka 543:Petrushka 530:Krolloper 447:Edwardian 437:1910–1920 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