Jean Sibelius - Knowledge

1511: 980: 1201: 1886:, the most popular and most frequently recorded of his symphonies, was first performed by the Helsinki Philharmonic Society on 8 March 1902, with the composer conducting. The opening chords with their rising progression provide a motif for the whole work. The heroic theme of the finale with the three-tone motif is interpreted by the trumpets rather than the original woodwinds. During a period of Russian oppression, it consolidated Sibelius's reputation as a national hero. After the first performance, Sibelius made some changes, leading to a revised version first performed by Armas Järnefelt on 10 November 1903 in Stockholm. 1098: 2374: 1834: 170: 1606:) which, though initially repelled, forced Finland to cede territory to the Soviet Union after the later defeat of the Finnish military, the Sibelius family returned for good to Ainola in the summer of 1941, after a long absence. Anxious about Bolshevism, Sibelius advocated that Finnish soldiers march alongside German forces after Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. Sibelius did not make any utterances about the genocide of the Jews, although, in a diary entry in 1943, he wondered why he had signed the Aryan certificate. 2228: 1868: 872: 346: 44: 1953: 1691: 2459: 134: 1463:. Evert Katila highly praised it as "pure idyll." Before the year ended he had also conducted concerts in Stockholm and Rome, the first to considerable acclaim, the second to mixed reviews. He then proceeded to Gothenburg where he enjoyed an ecstatic reception despite arriving at the concert hall suffering from over-indulgence in food and drink. Despite continuing to drink, to Aino's dismay, Sibelius managed to complete his Seventh Symphony in March 1924. Under the title of 832:. Performed on 24 February 1898, its catchy tunes appealed to the public. The scores of four popular pieces from the play were published in Germany and sold well in Finland. When the orchestral suite was successfully performed in Helsinki in November 1898, Sibelius commented: "The music sounded excellent and the tempi seem to be right. I think this is the first time that I have managed to make something complete." The work was also performed in Stockholm and Leipzig. 13168: 10091: 9087: 397: 10101: 13224: 775: 478: 1988:'s work of the same name. Organizationally, it consists of four informal sections, each corresponding to one of the poem's four stanzas and evoking the mood of a particular episode: first, heroic vigour; second, frenetic activity; third, sensual love; and fourth, inconsolable grief. Despite the music's beauty, many critics have faulted Sibelius for his "over-reliance" on the source material's narrative structure. 1624: 1383: 13212: 948:(Death). Short of money, he sold the piece at a low price but it quickly gained considerable popularity not only in Finland but internationally. During his long stays in Helsinki, Sibelius's wife Aino frequently wrote to him, imploring him to return home but to no avail. Even after their fourth daughter, Katarina, was born, he continued to work away from home. Early in 1904, he finished his 13200: 600: 1110:

Third Symphony failed to attract the critics. In May 1908, Sibelius's health deteriorated further. He travelled with his wife to Berlin to have a tumour removed from his throat. After the operation, he vowed to give up smoking and drinking once and for all. The impact of this brush with death has been said to have inspired works that he composed in the following years, including

966: 13248: 915:. It was completed in early 1902 with its premiere in Helsinki on 8 March. The work was received with tremendous enthusiasm by the Finns. Merikanto felt it exceeded "even the boldest expectations," while Evert Katila qualified it as "an absolute masterpiece". Flodin, too, wrote of a symphonic composition "the likes of which we have never had occasion to listen to before". 2057:), praised upon its premiere as "the finest evocation of the sea ever produced in music", consists of two subjects Sibelius gradually develops in three informal stages: first, a placid ocean; second, a gathering storm; and third, a thunderous wave-crash climax. As the tempest subsides, a final chord sounds, symbolizing the mighty power and limitless expanse of the sea. 2029:, probably the best known of all Sibelius's works, is a highly patriotic piece first performed in November 1899 as one of the tableaux for the Finnish Press Celebrations. It had its public premiere in revised form in July 1900. The current title only emerged later, first for the piano version, then in 1901 when Kajanus conducted the orchestral version under the name 13236: 1748: 1830:

completeness and organic feel of this synthesis has prompted some to suggest that Sibelius began his works with a finished statement and worked backwards, although analyses showing these predominantly three- and four-note cells and melodic fragments as they are developed and expanded into the larger "themes" effectively prove the opposite.

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influence coming from his uncle, Pehr Ferdinand Sibelius, who was interested in music, especially the violin. Pehr Ferdinand gave the boy a violin when he was ten years old and later encouraged him to maintain his interest in composition. For Sibelius, Uncle Pehr not only took the place of a father but acted as a musical adviser.

1918:, it draws on some of the themes developed while Sibelius was working on the Fifth as well as from material intended for a lyrical violin concerto. Now taking a purified approach, Sibelius sought to offer "spring water" rather than cocktails, making use of lighter flutes and strings rather than the heavy brass of the Fifth. 1818:'s music are particularly evident in early works such as his First Symphony and his Violin Concerto. For a period, he was nevertheless overwhelmed by Wagner, particularly while composing his opera. More lasting influences included Ferruccio Busoni and Anton Bruckner. But for his tone poems, he was above all inspired by 1590:, and the Violin Concerto. In 1935 The New York Philharmonic surveyed the preferences of music listeners around the United States. When asked who their favourite composer was, Sibelius came first among all of them, living or dead. This degree of recognition during his own lifetime was unequalled in Western music. 1864:

resulting in the version performed today. The revision was completed in the spring and summer of 1900, and was first performed in Berlin by the Helsinki Philharmonic, conducted by Robert Kajanus on 18 July 1900. The symphony begins with a highly original, rather forlorn clarinet solo backed by subdued timpani.

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In the First as well as in the Second Symphony (1902), some people have admittedly been quick to point out indications of the national independence struggle as well. During the period of oppressive russification, Sibelius and his music quite naturally became a symbol of national ferment. Sibelius had

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offers a counterweight to Page's assessment of Sibelius's piano music. Acknowledging that this body of work is uneven in quality, Andsnes believes that the common critical dismissal is unwarranted. In performing selected piano works, Andsnes finds that audiences were "astonished that there could be a

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Even by Nordic standards, Sibelius responded with exceptional intensity to the moods of nature and the changes in the seasons: he scanned the skies with his binoculars for the geese flying over the lake ice, listened to the screech of the cranes, and heard the cries of the curlew echo over the marshy

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After the seven symphonies and the violin concerto, Sibelius's thirteen symphonic poems are his most important works for orchestra and, along with the tone poems of Richard Strauss, represent some of the most important contributions to the genre since Franz Liszt. As a group, the symphonic poems span

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This self-contained structure stood in stark contrast to the symphonic style of Gustav Mahler, Sibelius's primary rival in symphonic composition. While thematic variation played a major role in the works of both composers, Mahler's style made use of disjunct, abruptly changing and contrasting themes,

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From 1903 and for many years thereafter Sibelius lived in the countryside. From 1939 he and Aino again had a home in Helsinki, but they moved back to Ainola in 1941, only occasionally visiting the city. After the war he returned to Helsinki only a couple of times. The so-called "silence of Järvenpää"

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since a young age and that he reduced the symptoms by drinking alcohol. This self-medication is common and effective but discouraged by doctors due to the risks outweighing the benefits. Sirén's research is supported by several medical experts. The tremor presumably prevented writing and impaired his

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In 1907, Sibelius underwent a serious operation for suspected throat cancer. Early in 1908, he had to spend a spell in hospital. His smoking and drinking had now become life-threatening. Although he cancelled concerts in Rome, Warsaw and Berlin, he maintained an engagement in London but there too his

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who had been brought in to design the stage sets. While the first performance was difficult to appreciate over the background noise of the talkative audience, a second performance on 18 November was more successful. Furthermore, on the 19th and 23rd Sibelius presented an extended suite of the work in

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bill featured his image until 2002 when the euro was adopted. Since 2011, Finland has celebrated a flag flying day on 8 December, the composer's birthday, also known as the "Day of Finnish Music". The year 2015, the 150th anniversary of the composer's birth, featured a number of special concerts and

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For the 150th anniversary of Sibelius's birth, the Helsinki Music Centre planned an illustrated and narrated "Sibelius Finland Experience Show" every day during the summer of 2015. The production was also planned to extend over 2016 and 2017. On 8 December itself, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra

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was returning from his customary morning walk. Exhilarated, he told his wife Aino that he had seen a flock of cranes approaching. "There they come, the birds of my youth," he exclaimed. Suddenly, one of the birds broke away from the formation and circled once above Ainola. It then rejoined the flock

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in July 1868, leaving substantial debts. As a result, his mother—who was again pregnant—had to sell their property and move the family into the home of Katarina Borg, her widowed mother, who also lived in Hämeenlinna. Sibelius was therefore brought up in a decidedly female environment, the only male

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although Sibelius simply described it as "an expression of state of mind". Beginning with a dreamy theme from the strings, it evolves into the tones of the woodwinds, then the horns and the violas, demonstrating Sibelius's ability to handle an orchestra. The composer's first significant orchestral

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is a good-natured, triumphal, and deceptively simple-sounding piece. The symphony's first performance was given by the Helsinki Philharmonic Society, conducted by the composer, on 25 September 1907. There are themes from Finnish folk music in the work's early chords. Composed just after his move to

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in E minor, Op. 39, in 1898 and completed it in early 1899, when he was 33. The work was first performed on 26 April 1899 by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by the composer, in an original, well received version that has not survived. After the premiere, Sibelius made some revisions,

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cannot write a better symphony than my Seventh, then it shall be my last." Since no manuscript survives, sources consider it likely that Sibelius destroyed most traces of the score, probably in 1945, during which year he certainly consigned a great many papers to the flames. His wife Aino recalled,

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was even advertised to the public. The only concrete evidence of the symphony's existence on paper is a 1933 bill for a fair copy of the first movement and short draft fragments first published and played in 2011. Sibelius had always been quite self-critical; he remarked to his close friends, "If I

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A year later, on 8 December 1916, Sibelius presented the revised version of his Fifth Symphony in Turku, combining the first two movements and simplifying the finale. When it was performed a week later in Helsinki, Katila was very favourable but Wasenius frowned on the changes, leading the composer

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some 45 km (30 miles) north of Helsinki. To cover the construction costs, he gave concerts in Helsinki, Turku and Vaasa in early 1904 as well as in Tallinn, Estonia, and in Latvia during the summer. The family were finally able to move into the new property on 24 September 1904, making friends

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In February, his house (Ainola) was searched twice by the local Red Guard looking for weapons. During the first weeks of the war, some of his acquaintances were killed in the violence, and his brother, the psychiatrist Christian Sibelius, was arrested because he refused to reserve beds for the Red

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From the beginning of 1907, Sibelius again indulged in excessive wining and dining in Helsinki, spending exorbitant amounts on champagne and lobster. His lifestyle had a disastrous effect on the health of Aino who was driven to retire to a sanatorium, suffering from exhaustion. While she was away,

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My tragedy was that I wanted to be a celebrated violinist at any price. Since the age of 15 I played my violin practically from morning to night. I hated pen and ink—unfortunately I preferred an elegant violin bow. My love for the violin lasted quite long and it was a very painful awakening when I

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or musical exercise. The first reference he made to himself composing is in a letter from August 1883 in which he writes that he composed a trio and was working on another: "They are rather poor, but it is nice to have something to do on rainy days." In 1881, he began violin lessons with the local

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stated, "There are two things to be said straightaway about Sibelius. First, he is terribly uneven (much of his chamber music, a lot of his songs and most of his piano music might have been churned out by a second-rate salon composer from the 19th century on an off afternoon). Second, at his very

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To pay his way, from 1892 Sibelius had taken on teaching assignments at the Music Institute and at Kajanus's conducting school but this left him insufficient time for composing. The situation improved considerably when in 1898 he was awarded a substantial annual grant, initially for ten years and

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rapping him on the knuckles whenever he played a wrong note. He progressed by improvising on his own, but still learned to read music. He later turned to the violin, which he preferred. He participated in trios with his elder sister Linda on piano, and his younger brother Christian on the cello. (

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was revived, having been forbidden under the Russian reign, Sibelius was one of the founding members of Suomi Lodge No. 1 in 1922 and later became the Grand Organist of the Grand Lodge of Finland. He composed the ritual music used in Finland (Op. 113) in 1927 and added two new pieces composed in

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Sibelius conducted his first concerts in Sweden in early 1911 when even his Third Symphony was welcomed by the critics. He completed the Fourth Symphony in April but, as he expected, with its introspective style it was not very warmly received when first performed in Helsinki with mixed reviews.

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on the coast for the summer months. In his own words: "For me, Loviisa represented sun and happiness. Hämeenlinna was where I went to school; Loviisa was freedom." In Hämeenlinna, when he was seven, Sibelius' aunt Julia was brought in to give him piano lessons on the family's upright instrument,

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Perhaps one reason Sibelius has attracted both the praise and the ire of critics is that in each of his seven symphonies he approached the basic problems of form, tonality, and architecture in unique, individual ways. On the one hand, his symphonic (and tonal) creativity was novel, while others

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was premiered in Helsinki to great acclaim by Sibelius himself on 8 December 1915, his 50th birthday. The version most commonly performed today is the final revision, consisting of three movements, presented in 1919. The Fifth is Sibelius's only symphony in a major key throughout. From its soft

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who was in Helsinki. The two agreed that with each new symphony, they lost those who had been attracted to their earlier works. This was demonstrated above all in St Petersburg where the Third Symphony was performed in November 1907 to dismissive reviews. Its reception in Moscow was rather more

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In February 1900, the Sibelius' youngest daughter, Kirsti, died. Nevertheless, in the summer Sibelius went on an international tour with Kajanus and his orchestra, presenting his recent works (including a revised version of his First Symphony) in thirteen cities including Stockholm, Copenhagen,

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in his work and, instead of contrasting multiple themes, focused on the idea of continuously evolving cells and fragments culminating in a grand statement. His later works are remarkable for their sense of unbroken development, progressing by means of thematic permutations and derivations. The

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Early in 1922, after suffering from headaches Sibelius decided to acquire spectacles although he never wore them for photographs. In July, he was saddened by the death of his brother Christian. In August, he joined the Finnish Freemasons and composed ritual music for them. In February 1923, he

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In early 1919, Sibelius enthusiastically decided to change his image, shaving off what remained of his thinning hair. In June, together with Aino, he visited Copenhagen on his first trip outside Finland since 1915, successfully presenting his Second Symphony. In November he conducted the final

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was premiered in Helsinki on 3 April 1911 by the Philharmonia Society, with Sibelius conducting. It was written while Sibelius was undergoing a series of operations to remove a tumour from his throat. Its grimness can perhaps be explained as a reaction from his (temporary) decision to give up

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in D minor was first performed on 8 February 1904 with Victor Nováček as soloist. As Sibelius had barely completed the piece in time for the premiere, Nováček had insufficient time to prepare, with the result that the performance was a disaster. After substantial revisions, a new version was

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In addition to the long periods he spent studying in Vienna and Berlin, in 1900 he travelled to Italy, where he spent a year with his family. He composed, conducted and socialized actively in the Scandinavian countries, Britain, France and Germany and later travelled to the United States.

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were destroyed – I later saw remains of the pages which had been torn out – and many other things. I did not have the strength to be present and left the room. I therefore do not know what he threw on to the fire. But after this my husband became calmer and gradually lighter in

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as soloists and Sibelius conducting the chorus and orchestra of the recently founded Helsinki Orchestra Society. Although the work was only performed five times during the composer's lifetime, since the 1990s it has become increasingly popular both for live performances and recordings.

2033:. Although Sibelius insisted it was primarily an orchestral piece, it became a world favourite for choirs too, especially for the hymn episode. Finally the composer consented and in 1937 and 1940 agreed to words for the hymn, first for the Freemasons and later for more general use. 417:, still remembered for his contributions to modern psychiatry in Finland.) Sibelius soon began playing in quartets with neighboring families, furthering his experience performing chamber music. Fragments survive of his early compositions of the period, a trio, a piano quartet and a 2547:

and published in the Swedish language in 2005. To celebrate the 150th anniversary of the composer, the entire diary was also published in the Finnish language in 2015. Several volumes of Sibelius's correspondence have also been edited and published in Swedish, Finnish and English.

1309:. Despite high praise from Kajanus, the composer was not satisfied with his work and soon began to revise it. Around this time, Sibelius was running ever deeper into debt. The grand piano he had received as a present was about to be confiscated by the bailiffs when the singer 2101:, one of the composer's earlier works, written for the Vyborg Students' Association, was first performed on 13 November 1893 to a noisy audience. The "Suite" emerged from a concert on 23 November consisting of the overture and the three movements, which were published as the 1910:

opening played by the horns, the work develops into rotational repetitions of its various themes with considerable transformations, building up to the trumpeted swan hymn in the final movement. While the Fifth had already started to veer away from the sonata form, the

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Sibelius received a honorary doctorate from Yale university. His popularity in America was so high that when the New York Philharmonic surveyed the favourite composer of music listeners around the United States, Sibelius came first among all of them, living or

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Sibelius loved nature, and the Finnish landscape often served as material for his music. He once said of his Sixth Symphony, " always reminds me of the scent of the first snow." The forests surrounding Ainola are often said to have inspired his composition of

1784:. His First Symphony was first performed to an enthusiastic audience in 1899 at a time when Finnish nationalism was evolving. In addition to six more symphonies, he gained popularity at home and abroad with incidental music and more tone poems, especially 2581:

In 1970, a lot of 50 music manuscript items was acquired by the National Library with aid from the government of Finland, banks and foundations. Sibelius's personal music archive was donated to the National Library in 1982 by the heirs of the composer.

2333:, were instrumental in bringing Sibelius's music to American audiences by frequently programming his works; the former developed a friendly relationship with Sibelius throughout his life. Later in life, Sibelius was championed by the American critic 811:

consisted of four legends in the form of tone poems. They were premiered in Helsinki on 13 April 1896 to a full house. In contrast to Merikanto's enthusiasm for the Finnish quality of the work, the critic Karl Flodin found the cor anglais solo in

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had championed Sibelius. The esteem was mutual: Sibelius dedicated his Third Symphony to the English composer, and in 1946 he became the first President of the Bantock Society. More recently, Sibelius was also one of the composers championed by

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One of his teachers was its founder, Martin Wegelius, who did much to support the development of education in Finland. Wegelius gave the self-taught Sibelius his first formal lessons in composition. Another important influence was his teacher

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and re-edited some earlier works, while retaining an active but not always favourable interest in new developments in music. Although this 'silence' has often perplexed scholars, in reality, Sibelius was clear: he felt he had written enough.

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where he was a rather absent-minded pupil, though did quite well in mathematics and botany. Despite having to repeat a year, he passed the school's final examination in 1885, which allowed him to enter a university. As a boy he was known as

1289:. Although he was far away from the fighting, his royalties from abroad were interrupted. To make ends meet, he composed smaller works for publication in Finland. In March 1915, he was able to travel to Gothenburg in Sweden, where his work 1301:

flying by, inspiring him to write the finale. "One of the great experiences of my life!" he commented. Although there was little progress on the symphony during the summer, he was able to complete it by his 50th birthday on 8 December.

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it received its first public performance in Stockholm where it was a success. It was even more highly appreciated at a series of concerts in Copenhagen in late September. Sibelius was honoured with the Knight Commander's Cross of the

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music." At the end of that year the composer's grandmother, Katarina Borg died. Sibelius went to her funeral, visiting his Hämeenlinna home one last time before the house was sold. On 16 February 1893, the first (extended) version of

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The year 1926 saw a sharp and lasting decline in Sibelius's output: after his Seventh Symphony, he produced only a few major works during the rest of his life. Arguably the two most significant of these were the incidental music for

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was presented in Helsinki although it was not too well received, the critics suggesting that superfluous sections should be eliminated (as they were in Sibelius's 1902 version). Even less successful were three more performances of

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are the symphonists of this century". Indeed, Sibelius exerted considerable influence on symphonic composers and musical life. His impact is perhaps the greatest in English-speaking and Nordic countries. The Finnish symphonist

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for boys' and men's choirs. The song immediately brought Sibelius the status of a national hero. Another patriotic work followed on 4 November in the form of eight tableaux depicting episodes from Finnish history known as the

1936:, it was first performed in Stockholm in March 1924, conducted by Sibelius. It was based on an adagio movement he had sketched almost ten years earlier. While the strings dominate, there is also a distinctive trombone theme. 3519: 2417:, Germany, wherein he stated that "the people you think are radicals might really be conservatives – the people you think are conservatives might really be radical," whereupon he began to hum Sibelius's Fifth Symphony. 1849:

I said that I admired severity of style and the profound logic that created an inner connection between all the motifs ... Mahler's opinion was just the reverse. "No, a symphony must be like the world. It must embrace

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Sibelius attended six sessions of the lodge during its first year of operation. These visits became less frequent in the following years. His name no longer appears in the minutes of the Suomi Lodge after January 1927.

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while Sibelius sought to slowly transform thematic elements. In November 1907 Mahler undertook a conducting tour of Finland, and the two composers were able to take a lengthy walk together, leading Sibelius to comment:

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In 1903, Sibelius spent much of his time in Helsinki where he indulged excessively in wining and dining, running up considerable bills in the restaurants. But he continued to compose, one of his major successes being

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on 8 December, the composer's birthday, also known as the Day of Finnish Music. In 2015, in celebration of the 150th anniversary of Sibelius's birth, a number of special concerts and events were held, especially in

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He spent most of the rest of the year resting as his recent spate of activity was straining his heart and nerves. Composing a few small pieces, he relied increasingly on alcohol. In May 1925, his Danish publisher

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piece, it was revised in 1902 when Ferruccio Busoni invited Sibelius to conduct his work in Berlin. Its successful reception encouraged him to write to Aino: "I have been acknowledged as an accomplished 'artist

1185:. It was first performed in March together with the Fourth Symphony. The concert was repeated twice to enthusiastic audiences and critics including Robert Kajanus. The Fourth Symphony was also well received in 434:

bandmaster, Gustaf Levander, immediately developing a particularly strong interest in the instrument. Setting his heart on a career as a great violin virtuoso, he soon became an accomplished player, performing

171: 2555:, a renowned piece of sculpture in its own right, located in the capital of Finland, Helsinki. It is surrounded by the eponymous park, which is among the most visited sites by sightseers visiting the city. 2153:, the orchestra's leader, as soloist it was a tremendous success. The piece has become increasingly popular and is now the most frequently recorded of all the violin concertos composed in the 20th century. 1903:. The waning finale is perhaps a premonition of the silence Sibelius would experience twenty years later. In contrast to the usual assertive finales of the times, the work ends simply with a "leaden thud". 2401:; for Žižek, Sibelius represents the alternative of "persistent traditionalism", of continuing in the inherited tradition but with artistic integrity, not as a "phony conservative". In 1990, the composer 1914:, conducted by the composer at its premiere in February 1923, is even further removed from the traditional norms. Tawaststjerna comments that "the structure follows no familiar pattern". Composed in the 6869: 2133:. The waltz accompanied a sequence in which a woman rises from her deathbed to dance with ghosts. In 1904, Sibelius revised the piece for a performance in Helsinki on 25 April where it was presented as 625:

While Sibelius was studying music in Helsinki in the autumn of 1888, Armas Järnefelt, a friend from the Music Institute, invited him to the family home. There he met and immediately fell in love with

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the entirety of Sibelius's artistic career (the first was composed in 1892, while the last appeared in 1925), display the composer's fascination with nature and Finnish mythology (particularly the

1086:. He completed the work for a performance in Helsinki on 25 September. Although its more classical approach surprised the audience, Flodin commented that it was "internally new and revolutionary". 5624: 1358:, who guaranteed Sibelius a safe journey from Ainola to the capital. On 20 February, a group of Red Guard fighters escorted the family to Helsinki. Finally, from 12 to 13 April, the German troops 1354:

soldiers who had suffered shell shock at the front. Sibelius's friends in Helsinki were now worried about his safety. The composer Robert Kajanus negotiated with the Red Guard commander-in-chief

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In January 1905, Sibelius returned to Berlin where he conducted his Second Symphony. While the concert itself was successful, it received mixed reviews, some very positive while those in the

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thought that music should be taking a different route. Sibelius's response to criticism was dismissive: "Pay no attention to what critics say. No statue has ever been put up to a critic."

2161:, one of Sibelius's early works, is sometimes referred to as a choral symphony but is better described as a suite of five symphonic movements resembling tone poems. Based on the character 1924:

in C major was his last published symphony. Completed in 1924, it is notable for having only one movement. It has been described as "completely original in form, subtle in its handling of

2291:. When these and several other major British symphonic essays were being written in and around the 1930s, Sibelius's music was very much in vogue, with conductors like Thomas Beecham and 2009:, Sibelius later changed his musical goals and the work became an orchestral piece in four movements. The suite is based on the character Lemminkäinen from the Finnish national epic, the 1965:(meaning "A Fairy Tale" in Swedish) was first presented in February 1893 with Sibelius conducting. The single-movement tone poem was possibly inspired by the Icelandic mythological work 1560:

Despite his withdrawing from the public eye, Sibelius's work gained substantial attention in the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s thanks to the newly established Finnish broadcaster

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Sibelius started work on his Fourth Symphony in early 1910 but his dwindling funds also required him to write a number of smaller pieces and songs. In October, he conducted concerts in

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In 1909, the successful throat operation resulted in renewed happiness between Sibelius and Aino in the family home. In Britain too, his condition was well received as he conducted

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drinking. The opening bars, with cellos, basses and bassoons, convey a new approach to timing. It then develops into melancholic sketches based on the composer's setting of Poe's

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in September. In March 1913, it was performed in New York but a large section of the audience left the hall between the movements while in October, after a concert conducted by

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Helsinki, conducting the orchestra of the Philharmonic Society. Sibelius's music was increasingly presented in Helsinki's concert halls. In the 1894–95 season, works such as

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From the beginning of 1917, Sibelius started drinking again, triggering arguments with Aino. Their relationship improved with the excitement resulting from the start of the

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In 1906, after a short, rather uneventful stay in Paris at the beginning of the year, Sibelius spent several months composing in Ainola, his major work of the period being

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and Second Symphony were particularly well received. He then travelled to Berlin to continue work on his Fourth Symphony, writing the finale after returning to Järvenpää.

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produced further support. After another uneventful trip to Paris, he went to Berlin where he was relieved to learn that his throat operation had been entirely successful.

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In 1874, Sibelius attended Lucina Hagman's Finnish-speaking preparatory school as a native Swedish speaker. In 1876, he continued his education at the Finnish-language

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in March, which one critic found incomprehensible and lacking in vitality. Following the birth of Sibelius's first child Eva, in April the premiere of his choral work

8016: 1247:. After first composing the work in D-flat major, Sibelius undertook substantive revisions, presenting a D major version in Norfolk, which was well received, as were 12854: 2800: 1811:. Thereafter, although he lived until 1957, he did not publish any further works of note. For several years, he worked on an Eighth Symphony, which he later burned. 1632:

became something of a myth, as in addition to countless official visitors and colleagues, his grandchildren and great-grandchildren also spent their holidays there.

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both dedicated their fifth symphonies to Sibelius. Vaughan Williams said of him "You have lit a candle in the world of music that will never go out." Furthermore,

1984:, a single-movement tone poem for orchestra, was written in 1894. Premiered in April 1895 in Helsinki with Sibelius conducting, it is inspired by the Swedish poet 1722:

and delivered a eulogy: "Sibelius belonged to the whole world. He enriched the life of the entire human race with his music". Another well-known Finnish composer,

1615:. The performance was preserved on transcription discs and later issued on CD. This is probably the only surviving example of Sibelius interpreting his own music. 3138: 847:. The symphony was well received when it was premiered in Helsinki on 26 April 1899. But the program also premiered the even more compelling, blatantly patriotic 9005: 8802: 4247:"Inkpot Classical Music Reviews: Sibelius Karelia Suite. Luonnotar. Andante Festivo. The Oceanides. King Christian II Suite. Finlandia. Gothenburg SO/Järvi (DG)" 4432: 6859: 1435:

Sibelius enjoyed a highly successful trip to England in early 1921—conducting several concerts around the country, including the Fourth and Fifth symphonies,

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said the composer's approach was that of "antimodern modernism," standing outside “the status quo of perpetual progress”. In a similar vein, the philosopher

588:, he fell ill but was restored to good health after gallstone-excision surgery. Shortly after returning to Helsinki, Sibelius conducted his Overture and the 8921: 8547: 2533: 7977: 203:, which, like his other major works, are regularly performed and recorded in Finland and countries around the world. His other best-known compositions are 8344: 952:

but its first public performance on 8 February was not a success. It led to a revised, condensed version that was performed in Berlin the following year.

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Aino Sibelius continued to live in Ainola for the next 12 years until her death on 8 June 1969 at the age of 97. She is buried next to her husband.

1330:. The piece proved particularly popular after the Finnish parliament accepted the Senate's declaration of independence from Russia in December 1917. The 8642: 6963: 5835:

We decided to call it "Sibelius" for reasons we can no longer remember, but it was almost certainly because Sibelius was a "Finn"—a play on our surname

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commented that Sibelius's music was the most notable contribution to the music festival. While in America, Sibelius received an honorary doctorate from

1061:, also adapting it as an orchestral suite. He ended the year conducting a series of concerts, the most successful being the first public performance of 13403: 3804: 3290: 673:), Katarina, Margareta and Heidi. Eva married an industrial heir, Arvi Paloheimo, and later became the CEO of the Paloheimo Corporation. Ruth Snellman 596:, now that he was increasingly developing an interest in all things Finnish. Premiered in Helsinki on 28 April 1892, the work was an enormous success. 5883: 697: 11163: 8749: 8589: 3822: 1428:

in Rochester, New York. Eastman offered $ 20,000 salary to teach for a single year, and before Sibelius declined, negotiations were so firm that the

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Hamburg, Berlin and Paris. The critics were highly favorable, bringing the composer international recognition with their enthusiastic reports in the

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Ainola, it contrasts sharply with the first two symphonies, with its clear mode of expression developing into the marching tones of the finale. His

1417:

had raised from Finnish businesses. Although he used some of the money to reduce his debts, he also spent a week celebrating to excess in Helsinki.

303:", (the location of his home). Although he is reputed to have stopped composing, he attempted to continue writing, including abortive efforts on an 9993: 8945: 8708: 8504: 6698: 6445: 5726: 2705:

nothing against this, and in 1899 he composed both the Atenarnes sång ('Song of the Athenians') and the programme piece later christened Finlandia.

2344:

wrote a critical essay, notoriously charging that "If Sibelius is good, this invalidates the standards of musical quality that have persisted from

1494:. He completed the work well in advance of its premiere in March 1926. It was well received in Copenhagen although Sibelius was not there himself. 5818: 5750: 2959: 1551:

at Ainola. My husband collected a number of the manuscripts in a laundry basket and burned them on the open fire in the dining room. Parts of the

979: 10137: 8685: 8467: 6337: 3456: 3049: 2589:. In 2018, the Italian-Finnish collector and benefactor Rolando Pieraccini donated a collection of Sibelius's letters and other materials to the 2119:

is a short orchestral work that was originally part of the incidental music Sibelius composed for his brother-in-law Arvid Järnefelt's 1903 play

3861: 9000: 8161: 6125: 3780: 3664: 2495: 5662: 10307: 8732: 7302: 3489: 3168: 1406:, helped along by drinking wine. On his birthday in December 1920, Sibelius received a donation of 63,000 marks, a substantial sum the tenor 5260: 5211: 4382:

Sibelius / Eugene Ormandy Conducting The Philadelphia Orchestra – Symphony No. 4 In A minor, Op. 63 / Symphony No. 5 In E-flat major, Op. 82

2299:

even asserted that Sibelius was "the first great composer since Beethoven whose mind thinks naturally in terms of symphonic form". Earlier,

532:. In Berlin, he had the opportunity to widen his musical experience by going to a variety of concerts and operas, including the premiere of 8720: 6417: 5181: 3387: 1391:

version of his Fifth Symphony, receiving repeated ovations from the audience. By the end of the year, he was already working on the Sixth.

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The legacy of Sibelius is celebrated through an array of statues, monuments, parks, and similar honours. Among the most well known is the

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in Norway. He was beginning to suffer from exhaustion, but the critics remained positive. On his return to Finland in April, he presented

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asserts: "Even if Sibelius had written nothing else, this one work would entitle him to a place among the greatest masters of all time."

1822:. The similarities to Bruckner can be seen in the brass contributions to his orchestral works and the generally slow tempo of his music. 505:

who would become Sibelius's wife). The most remarkable of his works during this period was the Violin Sonata in F, rather reminiscent of

7009: 4569: 4522: 4454: 11517: 5097: 4611: 3703: 2085:, it "turned out to be Sibelius's most severe and concentrated musical statement." Even more emphatically, the composer and biographer 5306: 13298: 13283: 8070: 8058: 7871: 7785: 7217: 5151: 4941: 4883: 4841: 4811: 4781: 4751: 3609: 2352:: the richness of inter-connectedness, articulation, unity in diversity, the 'multi-faceted' in 'the one'." Adorno sent his essay to 7318: 9134: 404:

From an early age, Sibelius showed a strong interest in nature, frequently walking around the countryside when the family moved to

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Sibelius kept a diary from 1909 to 1944, and his family allowed it to be published, unabridged, in 2005. The diary was edited by

2405:

was commissioned by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra to write a piece in honour of the 125th anniversary of Sibelius's birth:

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and wholly organic in growth". It has also been called "Sibelius's most remarkable compositional achievement". Initially titled

1598:

On Sibelius's 70th birthday (8 December 1935), the German Nazi regime awarded him the Goethe-Medal with a certificate signed by

6646: 5696: 3729: 377: 4406: 13358: 13113: 10766: 9998: 7512: 7376: 7041: 6939: 6918: 6899: 6810: 6788: 6769: 6716: 6687: 6656: 6632: 6610: 6571: 6548: 6518: 6498: 6389: 6370: 6346: 6314: 6291: 6264: 6245: 6193: 6174: 6155: 6103: 5801: 5776: 5572: 4365: 3254: 1742: 493:, a pianist-composer with whom he enjoyed a lifelong friendship. His close circle of friends included the pianist and writer 95: 13323: 13308: 13293: 12784: 10802: 8076: 8064: 7932: 7925: 7735: 7703: 7297: 2127:). It is now far better known as a separate concert piece. Sibelius wrote six pieces for the 2 December 1903 production of 1026: 807:'s tone poems as a source of compositional inspiration. Adapted from material for the opera, which he never completed, his 2808: 2517:

The complete edition of Sibelius's œuvre has been in preparation in Finland since 1996. It is a joint venture between the

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whom he regarded as "the greatest living composer" for a time, although also showing interest in the established works of

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Nowadays, it is not legally possible to export Sibelius's manuscripts from Finland without permission, and, according to

13368: 11611: 12626: 8204: 7109: 6832: 5399: 4246: 3134: 2053:, premiered on 4 June 1914 at the Norfolk Music Festival in Connecticut with Sibelius himself conducting. The work (in 1534:

There is substantial evidence that Sibelius worked on an eighth symphony. He promised the premiere of this symphony to

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periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often credited with having helped

13388: 10995: 10837: 10300: 10074: 7197: 7174: 7152: 7090: 7068: 5437: 4428: 3944: 2717: 2578:, but several items are in foreign private collections, even as investments, only partially accessible for scholars. 11591: 5390:

Schwartz, Elliott (1982). The Symphonies of Ralph Vaughan Williams. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-76137-9.

669:, Järvenpää, in 1904. During the years at Ainola, they had six daughters: Eva, Ruth, Kirsti (who died aged one from 13348: 13343: 8126: 8117: 8108: 7711: 5203: 2218:

grounds just below Ainola. He savoured the spring blossoms every bit as much as he did autumnal scents and colours.

1577: 1057: 299:(1926), he stopped producing major works in his last 30 years—a retirement commonly referred to as the "silence of 11586: 10883: 7239: 2783: 1200: 13393: 13373: 13128: 11292: 8938: 5692: 4684: 1875: 1711: 1363: 380:

medical doctor Christian Gustaf Sibelius and Maria Charlotta Sibelius (née Borg). The family name stems from the

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On 1 January 1939, Sibelius had participated in an international radio broadcast during which he conducted his

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newspaper, which had been suspended for a period after editorially criticizing Russian rule. The last tableau,

12651: 9553: 5538: 4326: 4050: 2670:, p. 15): only in the 1990s was it discovered that Sibelius's original first names (at christening) were 1800:, many shorter orchestral pieces, chamber music, works for piano and violin, choral works and numerous songs. 458:, inspired by the business card of his deceased seafaring uncle. Thereafter he became known as Jean Sibelius. 13338: 13152: 13136: 13053: 12571: 11683: 11637: 8322: 8310: 8210: 7275: 6953: 6306: 4287: 4121: 2754: 2629: 446: 439: 9977: 7844: 5354: 5275: 4650: 3282: 2486:

opened it as a museum in 1974. Sibelius has been memorialized by art, stamps, and currency; the Finnish 100

13333: 13313: 12676: 12046: 10827: 10293: 9833: 9127: 8967: 8338: 8332: 8304: 7863: 7828: 7678: 7136: 6798: 6534: 4398: 2571: 2499: 2280: 1796:. Sibelius also composed a series of works for violin and orchestra including a Violin Concerto, the opera 1671: 1655:

the most talented composers of the younger generation. In the 1950s he promoted the young Finnish composer

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For the Enrichment of Community Life : George Eastman and the Founding of the Eastman School of Music

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went so far as to describe Sibelius as "the worst composer in the world" in the title of a 1955 pamphlet.

2256: 1568:, YLE's signals brought Sibelius's music to listeners beyond Finland's borders, too. In 1933, YLE and the 13378: 13328: 12924: 12739: 12581: 10893: 10842: 10036: 9063: 7348: 7293: 7280: 6332: 5890: 5029: 3960: 3512:"Jean Sibelius Press celebration music (Sanomalehdistön päivien musikki), incidental music for orchestra" 2575: 2522: 2518: 2483: 1726:, died on the same day, but his death was overshadowed by that of Sibelius. Sibelius was honoured with a 1531:. For most of the last thirty years of his life, Sibelius even avoided talking publicly about his music. 1305:

On the evening of his birthday, Sibelius conducted the premiere of the Fifth Symphony in the hall of the

324: 12859: 11188: 6722: 6434: 5718: 1334:, first played on 19 January 1918, delighted the Helsinki elite for a short time until the start of the 562:

as a basis for his own compositions. While in Vienna, he became particularly interested in the music of

13190: 12561: 11790: 11302: 10081: 9323: 9278: 9152: 8713: 8231: 8181: 7480: 6958: 6283: 5822: 5747: 2951: 2590: 2323:, wrote of the inspiration he derived from Sibelius's work, particularly for his earlier compositions. 2141: 949: 435: 222: 12869: 11535: 11312: 3448: 3041: 886: 180:; 8 December 1865 – 20 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and 13108: 12508: 12459: 10759: 10620: 9900: 9218: 8147: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7434: 7428: 7422: 7416: 7406: 6864: 3853: 2305: 1921: 1911: 1906: 1895: 1890: 1883: 1860: 1587: 1460: 1294: 1117: 1083: 906: 836: 304: 280: 24: 12789: 11946: 11668: 7213: 6117: 3772: 3656: 2137:. An instant success, it took on a life of its own, and remains one of Sibelius's signature pieces. 13408: 13007: 12829: 12719: 12709: 12646: 12412: 12097: 11158: 10888: 9808: 9633: 8807: 8606: 7662: 6750: 6040: 5666: 4555: 2082: 1815: 844: 517: 442:

in Helsinki. Despite such success as an instrumentalist, he ultimately chose to become a composer.

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and, almost simultaneously, one from the University of Helsinki where he was represented by Aino.

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It was around this time that Sibelius finally abandoned his cherished aspirations as a violinist:

12779: 12636: 12541: 12397: 11826: 11442: 10832: 10533: 10094: 9703: 9120: 8611: 7670: 5252: 2425: 2358: 2284: 2115: 1569: 1425: 1306: 759:(composed in 1894) were included in at least 16 concerts in the capital, not to mention those in 525: 260: 217: 11652: 11352: 10661: 9413: 6409: 5173: 3383: 2041:

is a single-movement tone poem for orchestra written in 1913–14. The piece, which refers to the

13268: 13204: 13118: 13073: 13068: 12764: 12656: 12556: 12067: 11841: 11780: 11397: 11168: 10630: 10508: 10104: 10046: 10021: 9853: 9428: 9173: 9090: 9018: 8004: 7759: 7743: 7542: 7341: 5059: 3905: 3579: 3329: 2559: 2260: 2192: 1758: 1663: 1477: 1469: 1339: 1163: 1097: 755: 467: 455: 369: 284: 20: 12443: 12316: 12102: 12026: 11911: 11337: 10478: 10398: 10338: 9884: 9723: 9598: 9588: 9353: 8926: 8552: 8523: 8517: 6559: 6360: 6275: 6145: 5599: 5548: 5447: 5285: 5238: 4320: 3991: 3544: 3190: 2542: 2538: 1235:, England. In early 1914, Sibelius spent a month in Berlin where he was particularly drawn to 1181:, the rest of the year was fairly uneventful. In 1912, he completed his short orchestral work 638: 630: 13123: 13088: 13078: 13012: 12839: 12814: 12774: 12724: 12621: 12474: 12321: 12133: 11990: 11931: 11765: 11760: 11714: 11642: 11581: 11467: 11226: 10873: 10822: 10799: 10193: 10146: 9643: 9523: 9478: 9458: 9373: 9074: 8984: 8962: 8744: 8174: 7984: 7727: 7599: 7591: 7322: 6992: 6949: 6885: 4660: 4559: 4514: 4462: 4349: 4336: 4060: 3244: 2597:

was sold to an anonymous buyer for 290,000 euros, and it is no longer available to scholars.

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Parts of the literary estate of Sibelius—correspondence and manuscripts—are preserved at the

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but, showing far more interest in music, soon moved to the Helsinki Music Institute (now the

11678: 11153: 11138: 10205: 9418: 8647: 7562: 6642: 5089: 4603: 3695: 1993: 1833: 556:, a patriotic piece that may have inspired Sibelius's later interest in using the epic poem 454:, a colloquial form of Johan. However, during his student years, he adopted the French form 239: 13278: 13273: 13171: 12744: 12306: 12193: 12118: 11831: 11795: 11497: 11477: 11231: 10918: 10858: 10752: 10513: 10473: 10413: 10215: 10058: 10004: 9843: 9298: 9208: 8977: 8360: 8289: 7907: 7895: 7719: 7623: 7607: 7496: 5298: 4492: 2272: 2146: 1762: 1481: 1157: 1112: 567: 12844: 12661: 11896: 11673: 11530: 11251: 11216: 10343: 9803: 8890: 5328: 5143: 4933: 4875: 4833: 4803: 4773: 4743: 1215:, which he conducted in March to a respectful audience in Helsinki. He went on to compose 8: 13103: 12962: 12666: 12551: 12392: 11775: 11770: 11606: 11347: 11282: 10898: 10701: 10316: 10255: 10169: 10053: 9971: 9673: 9508: 8885: 8855: 8217: 7971: 7887: 7751: 7615: 7574: 7398: 5722: 5619: 2510:

concert hall in Lahti, opened in 2000, were all named in his honour, as was the asteroid

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In the mid-1920s, after his Sixth and Seventh Symphonies, he composed the symphonic poem

1652: 1576:

originated a broadcast of Sibelius compositions to 14 countries in coordination with the

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had to admit that I had begun my training for the exacting career of a virtuoso too late.

580: 547: 233: 227: 12754: 12270: 12087: 11627: 11565: 11412: 11241: 10348: 9648: 9448: 9438: 9283: 8782: 6745:(in Danish). translated from the Swedish by Johan Koch. Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck. 2434:

major composer out there with such beautiful, accessible music that people don't know."

2174: 803:. To some extent, he had come under the influence of Wagner, but subsequently turned to 702: 243:). His other works include pieces inspired by nature, Nordic mythology, and the Finnish 13159: 12879: 12641: 12631: 12516: 12407: 12301: 12143: 12092: 12005: 11901: 11871: 11861: 11709: 11507: 11196: 11088: 11029: 10807: 10671: 10433: 10249: 9966: 9813: 9748: 9653: 9583: 9568: 9548: 9403: 9253: 8860: 8797: 8754: 8594: 8486: 8373: 7800: 7686: 7643: 6356: 6211: 4975: 3968: 2373: 2313: 2295:

championing its cause both in the concert hall and on record. Walton's composer friend

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The music journalist Vesa Sirén has found evidence that Sibelius perhaps suffered from

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Two Centuries of British Symphonism: From the beginnings to 1945. A preliminary survey

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In the latter decades of the twentieth century, Sibelius became seen more favourably:

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Sirén, Vesa (October 2011a). "Is this the sound of Sibelius' lost Eighth Symphony?".

6806: 6784: 6765: 6755: 6712: 6683: 6652: 6628: 6606: 6589: 6567: 6544: 6494: 6385: 6366: 6342: 6310: 6287: 6260: 6241: 6189: 6170: 6151: 6099: 6065: 6045: 6013: 5980: 5947: 5914: 5853: 5797: 5772: 5568: 4361: 4219: 4029: 3940: 3250: 2621: 2552: 2394: 2390: 2349: 2330: 2300: 2213:. On the subject of Sibelius's ties to nature, his biographer, Tawaststjerna, wrote: 2050: 1719: 1335: 1236: 1066: 1030:

as an orchestral suite. In November, visiting Britain for the first time, he went to

189: 12433: 12428: 12311: 11148: 11098: 10590: 9318: 8541: 6662: 6581: 6008: 5975: 5942: 5909: 5848: 5688: 3725: 2688: 2439: 2363: 2283:. The influence of Sibelius's compositional procedures is also strongly felt in the 1838: 1515: 1002: 300: 83: 13240: 12699: 12596: 12521: 12438: 12402: 12280: 12255: 12250: 11951: 11941: 11936: 11926: 11916: 11891: 11821: 11744: 11719: 11287: 11236: 11133: 10974: 10964: 10947: 10908: 10903: 10878: 10726: 10580: 10555: 10428: 10237: 10199: 10181: 9988: 9940: 9828: 9783: 9778: 9718: 9533: 9488: 9333: 9303: 9273: 9213: 9033: 9023: 8905: 8690: 8680: 8472: 6761: 6620: 6508: 6077: 5645: 4402: 4209: 2430: 2296: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2150: 1703: 1702:

Two years later in Ainola, on the evening of 20 September 1957, Sibelius died of a

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inaugurated Sibelius's focus on orchestral music. It was described by the composer

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paid off a large proportion of his debt after a successful fund-raising campaign.

1042:, writing to Aino that the concert had been a great success and widely acclaimed. 741: 666: 438:'s Concerto in E minor in 1886 and, the following year, the last two movements of 13098: 13083: 13058: 12982: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12819: 12804: 12759: 12694: 12566: 12536: 12382: 12377: 12260: 12183: 12173: 12123: 12031: 11906: 11800: 11739: 11734: 11601: 11545: 11462: 11452: 11272: 11256: 11211: 11178: 11051: 11001: 10939: 10928: 10575: 10231: 10209: 10175: 10041: 9935: 9930: 9910: 9905: 9879: 9793: 9743: 9668: 9638: 9603: 9563: 9293: 9288: 9258: 9198: 9053: 9010: 8772: 8576: 8492: 8480: 8393: 8224: 8086: 7502: 7289: 7243: 7230: 6979: 6929: 6538: 6324: 6235: 5887: 5754: 5562: 2645: 2503: 2398: 2320: 2292: 2066: 2046: 1707: 1706:

at the age of 91. At the time of his death, his Fifth Symphony, conducted by Sir

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While travelling back from the United States, Sibelius heard about the events in

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at a time when his patriotic feelings were being enhanced by the Russian emperor

795: 783: 764: 682: 678: 533: 481: 385: 153: 12479: 11417: 10812: 10560: 9503: 9388: 4200:[Radio and Sibelius: A cross-border media relationship over the years]. 2604:

collection offered for sale 1,200 pages of manuscripts, including the scores of

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as "a volcanic eruption" while Juho Ranta who sang in the choir stated, "It was

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was composed in the early 1890s. Originally conceived as a mythological opera,

1985: 1980: 1949:), and provide a comprehensive portrait of his stylistic maturation over time. 1871: 1867: 1675: 1667: 1421: 1256: 1177: 1175:

Apart from a trip to Paris where he enjoyed a performance of Richard Strauss's

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After graduating from high school in 1885, Sibelius began to study law at the

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Yhtenäistetty Jean Sibelius Teosten yhtenäistettyjen nimekkeiden ohjeluettelo

6328: 6203: 6113: 4223: 4171:"Radio broadcasts catapulted Jean Sibelius to global fame, new study reveals" 2601: 2511: 2507: 2402: 2386: 2196:

1946. The new revision of the ritual music of 1948 is one of his last works.

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were less enthusiastic. Back in Finland, he rewrote the increasingly popular

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Sibelius composed prolifically until the mid-1920s, but after completing his

265: 244: 211: 107: 12224: 10550: 9099: 8670: 6842: 6593: 4250: 3135:"Kalevala taiteessa – Musiikissa: Ensimmäiset Kalevala-aiheiset sävellykset" 2458: 2170: 1681:

Tawaststjerna also relates an anecdote in connection with Sibelius's death:

1548: 1224: 864:, was particularly popular; after minor revisions, it became the well-known 13252: 13216: 13002: 12977: 12952: 12919: 12889: 12809: 12769: 12671: 12616: 12526: 12494: 12484: 12469: 12209: 12072: 12062: 12036: 11881: 11836: 11560: 11492: 11482: 11422: 11372: 11317: 11128: 11046: 11017: 10868: 10731: 10716: 10691: 10615: 10610: 10463: 10363: 10185: 9763: 9683: 9678: 9658: 9623: 9473: 9468: 9453: 9433: 9393: 9378: 9358: 9188: 9168: 8880: 8870: 8242: 7996: 7694: 7223: 7030:

All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music

7008:(Thesis). Vol. 57. University of the Arts Helsinki, Sibelius Academy. 6680:

Beethoven, Sibelius and 'the Profound Logic': Studies in Symphonic Analysis

2529:

publishers. When finished, this critical edition will comprise 60 volumes.

1768:

Sibelius is widely known for his symphonies and his tone poems, especially

1715: 1602:. After the attempted Soviet invasion of Finland in late 1939 to 1940 (the 1599: 1298: 997: 938:, one of six pieces of incidental music he composed for his brother-in-law 911: 871: 774: 506: 414: 316: 273: 12367: 10523: 9308: 7128: 6711:(in Finnish) (Fourth, online ed.). Suomen musiikkikirjastoyhdistys . 5819:"An interview with Ben Finn, co-founder of Sibelius [Part 1 of 2]" 4485:"Ainola – Jean Sibelius – Chronological Overview: Jean Sibelius 1865–1957" 4381: 2725: 2409:

premiered on 14 February 1991. In 1984, the American avant-garde composer

771:(Spring Song) as "the fairest flower among Sibelius's orchestral pieces". 133: 13017: 12884: 12734: 12331: 12234: 12178: 11985: 11851: 11555: 11487: 11221: 11082: 11041: 10990: 10863: 10775: 10026: 9773: 9708: 9513: 9493: 9338: 9313: 8957: 8865: 8835: 8698: 8632: 8498: 7820: 7303:

The musical heritage of Sibelius on in the landscapes and in the concerts

7268: 7078: 6231: 2334: 2329:

and, to a lesser extent, his predecessor with the Philadelphia Orchestra

2234:, Sibelius's most notable pupil and, as a critic, a defender of his works 1929: 1915: 1826: 1819: 1723: 1490: 840: 816:"stupendously long and boring", although he considered the first legend, 804: 686: 269: 10115: 6781:

Calling on the Composer: A Guide to European Composer Houses and Museums

6081: 1243:, which the American millionaire Carl Stoeckel had commissioned for the 388:, which his paternal great-grandfather owned. Sibelius's father died of 12138: 11457: 11437: 11427: 11076: 10913: 10358: 10261: 9915: 9518: 8792: 8665: 7236: 7063:. With the collaboration of Ralph de Gorog. New York: Greenwood Press. 7061:

From Sibelius to Sallinen: Finnish Nationalism and the Music of Finland

6466:"The Continuing Adventures of Sibelius's Wood-Nymphs: The Story So Far" 4214: 2264: 1967: 1776:. His reputation in Finland grew in the 1890s with the choral symphony 1603: 1399: 1232: 1186: 1102: 1035: 1010: 494: 10285: 7879: 6651:. Translated by Roderick Fletcher. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura . 4674: 2913: 2073:

Society where it was premiered on 26 December 1926. It is inspired by

1394:

In 1920, despite a growing tremor in his hands, Sibelius composed the

12799: 12128: 12010: 11342: 11061: 9858: 9263: 9203: 8703: 7948: 7583: 7308: 4027:(in Finnish; "Reason found for Sibelius's tremor"), by Vesa Sirén in 2414: 2025: 1753: 1623: 1382: 1343: 1310: 1219:(Daughter of Nature) for soprano and orchestra. With a text from the 1190: 1031: 763:. When performed in a revised version on 17 April 1895, the composer 422: 291: 205: 6805:. Vol. 1. With a foreword by Lewis Foreman. Georg Olms Verlag. 1710:, was being broadcast by radio from Helsinki. At the same time, the 12939: 9950: 7284: 6086:

Later reprinted as "Glosse über Sibelius". Cited and translated in

5771:(in Swedish). Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 2162: 1282: 1263:

one of the most beautiful pieces of sea music ever composed, while

1209:

Sibelius's first significant composition of 1913 was the tone poem

558: 501:(who introduced him to his influential family including his sister 329: 249: 6009:"Kansalliskirjasto sai ostettua Lienaun Sibelius-käsikirjoitukset" 2750: 2316:

also saw Sibelius's music as a source of inspiration in his work.

477: 12611: 11362: 10953: 9925: 9112: 8298: 7530: 4731:

Music for the Millions – The Encyclopedia of Musical Masterpieces

4386: 4198:"Radio ja Sibelius: Rajoja ylittävä mediasuhde vuosina 1926–1957" 2145:

premiered on 19 October 1905 with Richard Strauss conducting the

2054: 2042: 1961: 944: 902: 732:

was premiered at a student association gala at the Seurahuone in

670: 646: 405: 389: 185: 7333: 6147:

The Correspondence of Jean Sibelius and Rosa Newmarch, 1906–1939

5796:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 2628:

In 2021, the music manuscripts of Sibelius were included in the

2585:

Another lot of 50 items was procured in 1997, with aid from the

1662:

His 90th birthday, in 1955, was widely celebrated, and both the

725:

was a considerable success, receiving the support of the press.

599: 19:"Sibelius" redirects here. For the music notation software, see 11056: 8455: 7248: 6645:(2000). "Sibelius, Jean (1865–1957)". In Marjomaa, Ulpu (ed.). 6341:. Vol. xxiii (2nd ed.). Macmillan. pp. 319–347. 2633: 2475: 1447:. Immediately afterwards, he conducted the Second Symphony and 993: 662: 641:, a Baltic aristocrat. The wedding was held on 10 June 1892 at 521: 513: 10744: 6491:

Au coeur du classique: Les Grands compositeurs et leur musique

6208:"William Walton, Symphony No. 1 in B-flat minor, 1968 version" 4288:"The war and the destruction of the eighth symphony 1939–1945" 4122:"The war and the destruction of the eighth symphony 1939–1945" 1635:

Sibelius avoided public statements about other composers, but

965: 820:, as representing the peak of Sibelius's achievement to date. 592:

at a popular concert. He was also able to continue working on

584:, an orchestral work with chorus and soloists inspired by the 7264: 6909:

Tawaststjerna, Erik W. (1997). Tawaststjerna, Erik T. (ed.).

3972:. Vol. LXX, no. 23, 012. 25 January 1921. p. 2 3744: 2467: 2255:

was a pupil of Sibelius (for more on their relationship, see

2065:, Sibelius's last major orchestral work, was commissioned by 1925: 760: 677:

was a prominent actress, Katarina Ilves married a banker and

642: 634: 451: 430: 381: 13211: 5372: 5124: 4626: 4202:

Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu

3881: 3879: 3580:"A child's death, and international breakthrough, 1900–1902" 3414: 3364: 3246:

Classical Destinations: An Armchair Guide to Classical Music

2111:, Op. 11. It remains one of Sibelius's most popular pieces. 1714:

was in session, and the then President of the Assembly, Sir

1484:

invited him to compose incidental music for a production of

11012: 9920: 6998:

and Its Two Versions: Genesis, Reception, Edition, and Form

6705:

Uniform Jean Sibelius: list of works with harmonised titles

6237:

Jean Sibelius and Olin Downes: music, friendship, criticism

5174:"Other orchestral works: Karelia Music, Overture and Suite" 3115: 1377: 1152: 320: 6403:. Columbia Broadcasting System: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. 3105: 3103: 1780:, which like many subsequent pieces drew on the epic poem 1643:

have documented private conversations in which he admired

1001:

with the local artistic community, including the painters

421:

for violin and piano. Around 1881, he transcribed a short

3876: 3819:"Appreciating Sibelius's Luonnotar Op. 70 by Anne Ozorio" 1561: 1538:

in 1931 and 1932, and a London performance in 1933 under

1223:, it was first performed in Finnish in September 1913 by 8408:

Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata

7794:

Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1897

7779:

Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1894

6257:

Sibelius: A Composer's Life and the Awakening of Finland

2932: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 1878:, who was a notable interpreter of Sibelius's symphonies 1362:

the city and the Red period was over. A week later, the

985:

Jean Sibelius and wife Aino read in Ainola's dining room

793:

For a considerable period, Sibelius worked on an opera,

6833:"Soiko HS.fi:n videolla Sibeliuksen kadonnut sinfonia?" 5903: 5901: 5899: 5465: 5112: 4998: 4270: 4268: 4066: 4040: 4038: 3426: 3100: 2859: 2319:

New Zealand's most accomplished 20th century composer,

1825:

Sibelius progressively stripped away formal markers of

1420:

At this time, Sibelius held detailed negotiations with

992:

In November 1903, Sibelius began to build his new home

653:. It served as an inspiration for Sibelius's tone poem 5526: 4898: 4856: 4638: 4360:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: WSOY. pp. 116–118. 3402: 3213: 1956:

Sibelius at his home, Ainola, playing the piano (1930)

909:, partly inspired by the fate of Don Juan in Mozart's 13188: 7147:. Master Musicians Series. New York: Schirmer Books. 5400:

Jean Sibelius: The Early Years – Maturity and Silence

4956: 3657:"The Waltz of Death and the move to Ainola 1903–1904" 3632: 3352: 3305: 3064: 3019: 2916:(in Swedish). Nordisk Familjebok. 1926. p. 281. 2871: 1837:

Portrait of Sibelius from 1892 by his brother-in-law

1055:. Later in the year he composed incidental music for 1038:. On 2 December, he conducted the First Symphony and 856:. It had been written in support of the staff of the 7249:

Films on Jean Sibelius by director Christopher Nupen

5896: 5237:. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Archived from 4265: 4035: 3007: 2894: 2502:, unveiled in 1967 in Helsinki's Sibelius Park, the 1370:. Sibelius finished off the event by conducting the 1324:. By the end of the year, Sibelius had composed his 6648:

100 Faces from Finland: A Biographical Kaleidoscope

5514: 5477: 4711: 4584: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4102: 3805:

Jean Sibelius Wins Nation-Wide Poll Among Listeners

3225: 3076: 2823: 13364:People from Häme Province (Grand Duchy of Finland) 13354:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society 7140: 5453: 5010: 4699: 4090: 4078: 3939:. Rochester, New York: Meliora Press. p. 53. 3263: 3088: 2393:contrasts Sibelius to the "modernist" approach of 1424:, inventor of the Kodak camera and founder of the 323:was adopted. Since 2011, Finland has celebrated a 6167:Middle-earth Minstrel: Essays on Music in Tolkien 5567:. London & New York: Verso. pp. 603 ff. 5502: 5226: 4672: 3449:"Towards an international breakthrough 1897–1899" 2847: 2835: 1455:and the Fifth Symphony at the Nordic Music Days. 1366:gave a concert in homage to the German commander 845:restrict the powers of the Grand Duchy of Finland 824:later extended for life. He was able to complete 13260: 6006: 5976:"Kansallisarkisto kiinnostui käsikirjoituksista" 4144: 2795: 2793: 1757:premiere edition; 1952 autographed copy for the 1402:for the Suomen Laulu Choir and orchestrated his 1338:on 27 January. Sibelius naturally supported the 926:(Was it a Dream) as well as on a new version of 6338:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 6118:"The Transformative Paradoxes of Jean Sibelius" 5792:Sibelius, Jean (2015). Fabian Dahlström (ed.). 5767:Sibelius, Jean (2005). Fabian Dahlström (ed.). 5499:, Auckland University Press, 2006, pp. 125–126. 2625:, such permission would probably not be given. 2593:. On the other hand, in 2016 the manuscript of 799:(The Building of the Boat), again based on the 9001:International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition 6586:Sibelius, le plus mauvais compositeur du monde 6068:(1938). "Törne, B. de, Sibelius; A Close Up". 5907: 5791: 5766: 5232: 2496:International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition 2242:wrote (1964), "It may be said with truth that 550:in a program that included his symphonic poem 10760: 10301: 10131: 9128: 9104: 7349: 6927: 6908: 6884: 6797: 6435:"Aallottaret (Breitkopf & Härtel Assets)" 5443: 5378: 4632: 3885: 3539: 3537: 3420: 3370: 3121: 2790: 2774: 2772: 2745: 2743: 2667: 2474:In 1972, Sibelius's surviving daughters sold 1293:was widely appreciated. While working on his 905:, Italy in 1901, Sibelius began to write his 319:note featured his image until 2002, when the 192:when the country was struggling from several 6928:Tawaststjerna, Erik W. (2008). "Civil War". 6276:"Jean Sibelius and His American Connections" 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 3324: 3322: 3320: 2979: 2977: 2491:events, especially in the city of Helsinki. 2013:. It can also be considered a collection of 1346:, Aino Sibelius had some sympathies for the 918:Sibelius spent the summer in Tvärminne near 620: 6432: 6407: 6049:(in Swedish). 20 September 2021. p. 5. 5973: 5940: 5846: 5130: 4072: 2952:"Music becomes a serious pursuit 1881–1885" 2801:"Join the Sibelius 150 Celebration in 2015" 2181: 603:Sibelius in 1891, when he studied in Vienna 461: 13384:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 10767: 10753: 10308: 10294: 10138: 10124: 9135: 9121: 7356: 7342: 6493:(in French). Vol. 5. Little Big Man. 5235:"Madison Symphony Orchestra Program Notes" 4459:Finnish Cultural Institute for the Benelux 4429:"Proms feature #3: Sibelius and the swans" 4348: 3996:by William Shakespeare, op. 109 (1925–26)" 3854:"The war and the fifth symphony 1915–1919" 3616:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. Archived from 3534: 3137:(in Finnish). Kalevalan Kultuuruhistoria. 2782:. Ministry of the Interior. Archived from 2769: 2740: 2442:planned a commemorative concert featuring 1144:to enthusiastic audiences. A meeting with 835:In January 1899, Sibelius embarked on his 818:Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of the Island 254:over a hundred songs for voice and piano; 42: 13404:Musicians from the Grand Duchy of Finland 10145: 7872:The Breaking of the Ice on the Oulu River 7786:Cantata for the Coronation of Nicholas II 7259:Finlandia by Jean Sibelius, thisisFINLAND 7218:International Music Score Library Project 6858:Stearns, David Patrick (3 January 2012). 6641: 6580: 6323: 5532: 5384: 4916: 4537: 4213: 3317: 2974: 2888: 2337:, who wrote a biography of the composer. 2169:, it was premiered on 28 April 1892 with 1593: 1082:, concentrating instead on composing his 728:On 13 November 1893, the full version of 429:(Water Drops) for violin, possibly as an 7027: 6990: 6978: 6488: 6112: 5881:"Jean Sibelius Works – suurhanke etenee" 5210:. San Francisco Symphony. Archived from 5004: 4920: 4044: 3816: 3750: 3432: 3109: 2865: 2600:In early 2020, the current owner of the 2457: 2372: 2226: 2092: 1951: 1866: 1832: 1746: 1689: 1678:gave special performances of his music. 1622: 1618: 1509: 1381: 1378:Revived fortunes but growing hand tremor 1276: 1199: 1096: 870: 773: 598: 476: 468:Imperial Alexander University in Finland 395: 356:Sibelius was born on 8 December 1865 in 344: 163: 10315: 7290:Newspaper clippings about Jean Sibelius 6983: 6860:"One last Sibelius symphony after all?" 6857: 6740: 6696: 6507: 6398: 6355: 6300: 6186:Jean Sibelius, his Life and Personality 6140: 6093: 6087: 5943:"Kansallismuseo sai Sibelius-kokoelman" 5816: 5471: 5118: 4862: 4656: 4644: 4590: 4316: 4108: 3992:"Incidental music: Sibelius: Music for 3638: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3476: 3474: 3408: 3384:"Sibelius: Spring Song (original 1894)" 3358: 3311: 3219: 3070: 3025: 3013: 2938: 2900: 2829: 1730:and is buried in the garden at Ainola. 1227:(to whom it had been dedicated) at the 13261: 7319:Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 6948: 6830: 6819: 6619: 6557: 6533: 6410:"Sibelius Eight. What happened to it?" 6064: 5544: 5520: 5483: 5040:from the original on 24 September 2015 4962: 4944:from the original on 24 September 2015 4904: 4886:from the original on 24 September 2015 4332: 4195: 4096: 4084: 4056: 4006:from the original on 24 September 2015 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3800: 3798: 3706:from the original on 24 September 2015 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3443: 3441: 3036: 3034: 2678:, and that is present in most sources. 1432:published Sibelius's arrival as fact. 1123: 629:, the 17-year-old daughter of General 474:) where he studied from 1885 to 1889. 258:for numerous plays; the one-act opera 13114:Romanticism and the French Revolution 10748: 10289: 10119: 9116: 9103: 7513:Suite for Violin and String Orchestra 7337: 6778: 6463: 6379: 6202: 6183: 5955:from the original on 24 February 2021 5922:from the original on 26 February 2020 5861:from the original on 29 February 2020 5729:from the original on 21 November 2015 5652:, Sony Classical CD 88985408502, 2017 5560: 5459: 5263:from the original on 12 November 2015 5202: 5184:from the original on 20 February 2020 5070:from the original on 15 December 2015 5016: 4717: 4687:from the original on 25 November 2015 4614:from the original on 24 November 2015 4572:from the original on 25 November 2015 4560:"Sibelius: Apparition from the Woods" 4525:from the original on 17 December 2015 4455:"SibEUlius – Jean Sibelius 150 Years" 4435:from the original on 19 November 2015 4274: 3934: 3916:from the original on 17 December 2015 3864:from the original on 17 December 2015 3825:from the original on 17 November 2015 3783:from the original on 17 December 2015 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3696:"The first years in Ainola 1904–1908" 3082: 3052:from the original on 22 February 2019 1874:, founder and chief conductor of the 1743:List of compositions by Jean Sibelius 1580:. The program included the tone poem 736:with the collaboration of the artist 542:. He also heard the Finnish composer 272:ritual music, and 21 publications of 152: 8348: 8091: 7015:from the original on 8 December 2015 6783:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 6758:: Listening to the Twentieth Century 6749: 6677: 6273: 6254: 6230: 6164: 6150:. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. 6021:from the original on 7 December 2020 6007:Tiikkaja, Samuli (8 December 2020). 5612: 5508: 5281: 5154:from the original on 4 December 2015 4986:from the original on 5 November 2015 4784:from the original on 27 January 2017 4754:from the original on 9 December 2015 4705: 4673:Kalamidas, Thanos (12 August 2009). 4554: 4298:from the original on 8 February 2019 4157: 4132:from the original on 8 February 2019 3567: 3471: 3231: 3191:"Kullervo and the wedding 1891–1892" 3094: 2962:from the original on 1 February 2015 2853: 2841: 2780:"The days the Finnish flag is flown" 2271:is prominently echoed in both Bax's 1239:. Back in Finland, he began work on 9994:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle 8368:Giv mig ej glans, ej guld, ej prakt 7856:Other voice(s) & orchestra 7102:Jean Sibelius: Life, Music, Silence 6974:– via MusicWeb International. 6600: 6588:. Liège, Belgium: Éditions Dynamo. 6303:The Cambridge Companion to Sibelius 5908:Virtanen, Timo (26 February 2020). 5497:Douglas Lilburn: His Life and Music 4834:"Fifth symphony op. 82 (1915–1919)" 4744:"First symphony op. 39 (1899–1900)" 4397: 4280: 3891: 3837: 3807:. New York Times, 24 November 1935. 3795: 3679: 3644: 3610:"First symphony op. 39 (1899–1900)" 3438: 3269: 3249:. Amadeus Press. 2006. p. 87. 3031: 2757:from the original on 9 October 2015 2506:, opened in Turku in 1968, and the 1814:As for his musical style, hints of 1505: 657:, the Lemminkäinen legends and the 13: 9142: 7052: 6894:. University of California Press. 6057: 5821:. scoringnotes.com. Archived from 4025:"Sibeliuksen vapinalle löytyi syy" 3756: 3732:from the original on 24 March 2020 2429:best, he is often weird." Pianist 778:Sibelius (right) socializing with 681:was a designer, wife of architect 512:Sibelius continued his studies in 14: 13420: 7572: 1897, 1900, 1939; includes 7363: 7207: 6872:from the original on 4 March 2016 6521:from the original on 7 April 2018 6451:from the original on 20 June 2015 6420:from the original on 5 March 2016 6240:. Northeastern University Press. 6128:from the original on 22 June 2013 6122:The Chronicle of Higher Education 5988:from the original on 3 March 2020 5699:from the original on 4 March 2016 5627:from the original on 5 March 2016 5309:from the original on 18 June 2017 5208:"Sibelius: Valse Triste, Opus 44" 5100:from the original on 19 July 2017 4934:"Seventh symphony op. 105 (1924)" 4844:from the original on 16 June 2016 4409:from the original on 4 March 2016 3906:"The last masterpieces 1920–1927" 3522:from the original on 15 July 2018 3390:from the original on 22 June 2015 3340:from the original on 28 June 2015 3293:from the original on 19 June 2015 3141:from the original on 20 July 2011 2995:from the original on 19 June 2015 2920:from the original on 14 July 2015 1928:, individual in its treatment of 1285:that led to the beginning of the 1101:Blue plaque, 15 Gloucester Walk, 1051:, yet another piece based on the 955: 901:During a trip with his family to 372:, an autonomous state within the 13299:20th-century classical composers 13284:19th-century classical composers 13246: 13234: 13222: 13210: 13198: 13167: 13166: 10099: 10090: 10089: 9086: 9085: 8424: 8412: 8236: 7965: 7953: 7224:Jean Sibelius – the website 7083:Jean Sibelius: Guide to Research 6966:from the original on 5 June 2011 6831:Sirén, Vesa (30 October 2011b). 6041:"Arkiv klassas som världsminnen" 6033: 6000: 5967: 5934: 5873: 5840: 5817:Rothman, Philip (23 June 2015). 5810: 5785: 5760: 5757:The National Library of Finland. 5741: 5711: 5681: 5655: 5639: 5606: 5588: 5554: 5489: 5405: 5393: 5347: 5321: 5291: 5245: 5196: 5166: 5136: 5082: 5052: 5022: 4968: 4926: 4910: 4868: 4814:from the original on 16 May 2011 3740:– via www.classiclive.com. 3667:from the original on 4 July 2015 3590:from the original on 4 July 2015 3555:from the original on 6 July 2015 3492:from the original on 6 July 2015 3459:from the original on 7 July 2015 3201:from the original on 24 May 2015 3171:from the original on 24 May 2015 2397:and the "post-modernist" one of 2312:acknowledged his influence, and 2005:), on a scale matching those by 1578:International Broadcasting Union 1089:Shortly afterwards Sibelius met 1072: 978: 964: 645:. They spent their honeymoon in 132: 10774: 8400: 8009: 7989: 7900: 7805: 7636: 7569: 7547: 7535: 7506: 7484: 7438: 7410: 7314:Biografiskt lexikon för Finland 7237:The Sibelius Society of Finland 6913:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. 6566:. Routledge. pp. 478–479. 6278:. In Grimley, Daniel M. (ed.). 6259:. University of Chicago Press. 6070:Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung 5941:Sirén, Vesa (19 January 2018). 5693:Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 5613:Page, Tim (29 September 1996). 5598:. Thea Musgrave. Archived from 4876:"Sixth symphony op. 104 (1923)" 4826: 4796: 4774:"Second symphony op. 43 (1902)" 4766: 4736: 4723: 4666: 4596: 4507: 4477: 4447: 4421: 4391: 4374: 4342: 4239: 4230: 4196:Mäkelä, Janne (27 March 2024). 4189: 4163: 4114: 4018: 3984: 3953: 3928: 3810: 3718: 3602: 3504: 3482:"Works for choir and orchestra" 3376: 3330:"The Symposion years 1892–1897" 3275: 3237: 3183: 3153: 3127: 3042:"Studies in Helsinki 1885–1888" 2944: 2906: 2081:. To quote the American critic 1876:Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 1712:United Nations General Assembly 1547:In the 1940s there was a great 1364:Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 639:Elisabeth Clodt von Jürgensburg 484:, Sibelius's teacher in Finland 178:Johan Julius Christian Sibelius 116: 13399:20th-century Finnish composers 13304:20th-century Finnish musicians 13289:19th-century Finnish musicians 8071:String Quartet in B-flat major 8065:String Quartet in A minor 8059:String Quartet in E-flat major 7382:Discography of symphony cycles 6931:Sibelius Volume III: 1914–1957 6517:. New York: Charles Scribner. 6365:. Cambridge University Press. 6309:. Cambridge University Press. 5665:. Musiikkitalo. Archived from 4804:"Third symphony op. 52 (1907)" 2710: 2681: 2661: 2565: 2186: 922:, where he worked on the song 685:. Margareta married conductor 528:and Hungarian-Jewish composer 340: 199:The core of his oeuvre is his 1: 13137:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 8659:Colleagues & friends 8152: 7505: (1917–1918, No. 1 7460: 7327:NBN:fi:sls-4820-1416928957426 7276:Jean Sibelius link collection 7167:Sibelius: A Personal Portrait 6982:. "The later symphonies". In 6603:Great Composers in Watercolor 6489:Lagrange, Christophe (1994). 6380:James, David Burnett (1989). 6307:Cambridge Companions to Music 5910:"Nationalskatter i farozonen" 5663:"Sibelius Finland Experience" 4403:"Beecham Sibelius Birthday C" 2654: 2630:Memory of the World Programme 2021:, is often heard separately. 1939: 1859:Sibelius started work on his 1854: 1718:of New Zealand, called for a 1197:labelled it "a sad failure". 1078:Sibelius resolved to give up 689:, Aulis Blomstedt's brother. 440:Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto 13359:Finnish male opera composers 8366: (1897–1913; includes " 8325: (1903–1904; includes " 7666: (1893–1894, abandoned) 7214:Free scores by Jean Sibelius 6841:(in Finnish). Archived from 6627:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 5974:Sirén, Vesa (4 March 2020). 5857:(in Finnish). p. C 10. 5847:Sirén, Vesa (1 March 2020). 5305:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5259:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5180:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5150:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5096:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5066:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 5036:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4982:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4940:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4882:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4840:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4810:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4780:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4750:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4521:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4294:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4249:. Inkpot.com. Archived from 4128:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 4002:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3912:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3860:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3779:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3702:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3663:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3586:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3551:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3488:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3455:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3336:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3289:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3197:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3167:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 3048:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 2991:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 2958:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. 2689:"Sibelius, Jean (1865–1957)" 2674:; he himself used the order 2572:National Archives of Finland 2222: 2017:. The second/third section, 1672:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 971:Ainola, photographed in 1915 400:11-year-old Sibelius in 1876 16:Finnish composer (1865–1957) 7: 13324:Finnish classical composers 13309:20th-century male musicians 13294:19th-century male musicians 10037:Gothic Revival architecture 9064:Sibelius Society of Finland 8345:"Kom nu hit, död", Op. 60/1 8077:String Quartet in D minor, 7317:(in Swedish). Helsingfors: 7294:20th Century Press Archives 7119:Johnson, Harold E. (1959). 7100:Grimley, Daniel M. (2021). 7085:. New York: Garland Press. 6934:. London: Faber and Faber. 6741:Ringbom, Nils-Eric (1950). 6562:. In Wintle, Justin (ed.). 6301:Grimley, Daniel M. (2004). 6280:Jean Sibelius and His World 6165:Eden, Bradford Lee (2010). 6017:(in Finnish). p. B 4. 5984:(in Finnish). p. B 6. 5951:(in Finnish). p. B 6. 5891:National Library of Finland 3161:"Studies in Vienna 1890–91" 2639: 2576:National Library of Finland 2523:Sibelius Society of Finland 2519:National Library of Finland 2484:Sibelius Society of Finland 2356:, then music critic of the 2077:, a forest spirit from the 196:in the late 19th century. 10: 13425: 13319:Composers of masonic music 13054:Coleridge's theory of life 9978:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 9153:List of Romantic composers 8232:The Bells of Kallio Church 8017:Scènes historiques II 6779:Sadie, Julie Anne (2005). 6433:Kilpeläinen, Kari (2012). 6408:Kilpeläinen, Kari (1995). 6284:Princeton University Press 6274:Goss, Glenda Dawn (2011). 6255:Goss, Glenda Dawn (2009). 5918:(in Swedish). p. 23. 5748:Jean Sibelius Works (JSW). 5650:Leif Ove Andsnes, Sibelius 5335:. Finnish Club of Helsinki 3935:Lenti, Vincent A. (2004). 3726:"Sibelius: Symphony No. 3" 2591:National Museum of Finland 2498:, instituted in 1965, the 2478:to the Finnish state. The 2450:and the Seventh Symphony. 2257:Relationship with Sibelius 2238:The composer and academic 1740: 1694:Sibelius's funeral at the 1317:to rewrite it once again. 1167:were first performed. His 1105:, London, his home in 1909 307:. In later life, he wrote 18: 13146: 13109:Romanticism and economics 13046: 12938: 12685: 12507: 12452: 12421: 12345: 12294: 12243: 12202: 12111: 12055: 12019: 11973: 11964: 11809: 11753: 11702: 11661: 11620: 11574: 11516: 11386: 11265: 11187: 11124:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 11106: 11097: 10983: 10851: 10782: 10641: 10621:Charles Villiers Stanford 10323: 10153: 10069: 10014: 9959: 9893: 9872: 9159: 9150: 9110: 9105:Links to related articles 9083: 8993: 8914: 8818: 8658: 8625: 8564: 8448: 8386: 8282: 8191: 8139: 8101: 8051: 7961:Scènes historiques I 7918: 7864:The Rapids-Rider's Brides 7855: 7770: 7736:The Language of the Birds 7654: 7522: 7473: 7391: 7371: 6865:The Philadelphia Inquirer 6098:. Yale University Press. 5849:"Kansallisaarre vaarassa" 5719:"1405 Sibelius (1936 RE)" 5418:. Chandos. Archived from 4733:(READ Books, 2007) p. 533 3961:"Finnish Composer Coming" 3283:"The occupants of Ainola" 2453: 2203: 1807:and incidental music for 1639:and Sibelius's secretary 621:Marriage and rise to fame 524:(from 1890 to 1891) with 516:(from 1889 to 1890) with 447:Hämeenlinna Normal Lyceum 413:was to become an eminent 349:Sibelius's birthplace in 194:attempts at Russification 131: 126: 101: 91: 72: 50: 41: 34: 25:Sibelius (disambiguation) 13389:String quartet composers 10889:German historical school 9999:Tchaikovsky and The Five 9029:Sibelius Academy Quartet 8572:Helsinki Music Institute 7972:Overture in A minor 7926:Overture in E major 7663:The Building of the Boat 7655:Opera & theatre 7229:30 November 2022 at the 7028:Woodstra, Chris (2005). 6991:Wicklund, Tuija (2014). 6697:Poroila, Heikki (2012). 6564:Makers of Modern Culture 6399:Kaufman, Schima (1938). 6094:Barnett, Andrew (2007). 5753:29 November 2020 at the 5030:"Other orchestral works" 4515:"Death and funeral 1957" 3773:"Inner voices 1908–1914" 2722:The Music of Freemasonry 2558:The scorewriter program 2182:Activities and interests 2003:The Building of the Boat 1736: 1686:to continue its journey. 497:and the conductor-to-be 462:Studies and early career 376:. He was the son of the 67:, Grand Duchy of Finland 13369:People from Hämeenlinna 13349:Finnish opera composers 13344:Finnish anti-communists 11536:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 10534:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 8211:Ten Pieces, Op. 24 8162:Pieces for brass septet 8127:Piano Trio in C major, 8118:Piano Trio in D major, 8109:Piano Trio in A minor, 7978:Romance in C major 7911: (1910, abandoned) 7891: (1905, abandoned) 7671:The Maiden in the Tower 7188:. London and New York: 7059:de Gorog, Lisa (1989). 6605:. Trafford Publishing. 6558:Layton, Robert (2002). 6414:Finnish Music Quarterly 6327:(2001). "Sibelius". In 5886:20 October 2020 at the 5596:"Song of the Enchanter" 5329:"Music for Freemasonry" 2359:New York Herald Tribune 1570:Helsinki City Orchestra 1426:Eastman School of Music 1307:Helsinki Stock Exchange 896:Berliner Lokal Anzeiger 887:Berliner Börsen-Courier 854:Press Celebration Music 723:Väinämöinen's Boat Ride 335: 332:, the Finnish capital. 261:The Maiden in the Tower 201:set of seven symphonies 13394:Swedish-speaking Finns 13374:Pupils of Robert Fuchs 13119:Romanticism in science 13074:Middle Ages in history 13069:List of Romantic poets 11781:Josiah Gilbert Holland 10631:Ralph Vaughan Williams 10509:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 10022:Common practice period 9019:Sibelius (scorewriter) 8557: (brother-in-law) 8544: (brother-in-law) 8538: (brother-in-law) 8532: (brother-in-law) 7265:"Discovering Sibelius" 7242:6 January 2009 at the 7184:Rickards, Guy (1997). 7036:. pp. 1279–1282. 6886:Tawaststjerna, Erik W. 5561:Žižek, Slavoj (2012). 5402:. Allegro Films. 2024. 4350:Rautavaara, Einojuhani 2676:Johan Julius Christian 2672:Johan Christian Julius 2527:Breitkopf & Härtel 2471: 2424:-winning music critic 2382: 2381:(Music Mile) in Vienna 2261:Ralph Vaughan Williams 2235: 2220: 2193:Freemasonry in Finland 2147:Berlin Court Orchestra 1957: 1879: 1852: 1841: 1765: 1759:Mayor of New York City 1699: 1688: 1664:Philadelphia Orchestra 1628: 1594:Second World War years 1558: 1519: 1470:Order of the Dannebrog 1398:to a text by the poet 1387: 1245:Norfolk Music Festival 1206: 1106: 880: 828:for Adolf Paul's play 790: 614: 604: 485: 401: 370:Grand Duchy of Finland 365: 353: 225:, the choral symphony 23:. For other uses, see 21:Sibelius (scorewriter) 13089:Romantic epistemology 13079:Opium and Romanticism 11648:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 10874:Counter-Enlightenment 10194:Einojuhani Rautavaara 10147:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 9075:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 9006:Jean Sibelius Quartet 8985:Erik W. Tawaststjerna 8745:Akseli Gallen-Kallela 8603:Post-graduate studies 8579:(theory, composition) 8526: (mother-in-law) 8520: (father-in-law) 8431:Six Partsongs, Op. 18 8041:Suite caractéristique 7600:Nightride and Sunrise 6799:Schaarwächter, Jürgen 6678:Pike, Lionel (1978). 6601:Lew, Douglas (2010). 3753:, pp. 1279–1282. 3728:. 15 September 2014. 2985:"Childhood 1865–1881" 2693:kansallisbiografia.fi 2614:Pelléas and Mélisande 2587:Ministry of Education 2480:Ministry of Education 2461: 2420:Writing in 1996, the 2407:Song of the Enchanter 2376: 2230: 2215: 2093:Other important works 2071:New York Philharmonic 1955: 1870: 1847: 1836: 1750: 1693: 1683: 1657:Einojuhani Rautavaara 1637:Erik W. Tawaststjerna 1626: 1619:Final years and death 1545: 1514:Sibelius and Aino in 1513: 1453:Lemminkäinen's Return 1385: 1368:Rüdiger von der Goltz 1277:First World War years 1203: 1183:Scènes historiques II 1100: 1027:Pelléas and Mélisande 892:Berliner Fremdenblatt 874: 849:Song of the Athenians 780:Akseli Gallen-Kallela 777: 665:, was completed near 609: 602: 578:. While embarking on 480: 399: 348: 285:incidental music for 150:French pronunciation: 13339:Finnish nationalists 13153:Age of Enlightenment 10795:England (literature) 10662:Antônio Carlos Gomes 10414:Carl Maria von Weber 10216:Krzysztof Penderecki 10059:Romantic nationalism 10005:War of the Romantics 8362:Five Christmas Songs 8291:Seven Runeberg Songs 7704:Pelléas et Mélisande 7497:Two Serious Melodies 7377:List of compositions 7281:List of compositions 7254:Jean Sibelius Museum 6464:Kurki, Eija (1999). 6184:Ekman, Karl (1972). 6142:Bullock, Philip Ross 5794:Päiväkirja 1909–1944 5425:on 23 September 2015 5233:Allsen, J. Michael. 2786:on 11 November 2015. 2562:is named after him. 1763:Vincent Impellitteri 1482:Royal Danish Theatre 1297:in April, he saw 16 996:(Aino's Place) near 875:Sibelius: sketch by 782:(the artist, left), 165:[siˈbeːliʉs] 96:List of compositions 13334:Finnish nationalism 13314:Composers for piano 13104:Romantic psychology 10899:Hudson River School 10843:Sweden (literature) 10828:Russia (literature) 10702:Silvestre Revueltas 10626:Alexander Mackenzie 10479:Stanisław Moniuszko 10399:Camille Saint-Saëns 10317:Musical nationalism 10256:Harrison Birtwistle 10170:Dmitri Shostakovich 10054:Musical nationalism 9972:Musical nationalism 9059:Sibelius Piano Trio 8886:Jukka-Pekka Saraste 8856:Herbert von Karajan 8819:Select interpreters 8524:Elisabeth Järnefelt 8518:Alexander Järnefelt 8317:Seven Songs, Op. 17 7575:The Swan of Tuonela 7457:Symphony No. 8 7123:. New York: Knopf. 6891:Sibelius: 1865–1905 6845:on 17 February 2015 6476:on 27 November 2015 6357:Jackson, Timothy L. 6188:. Greenwood Press. 6082:10.5840/zfs19387336 5879:Ollikainen, Tapio: 5723:Minor Planet Center 5620:The Washington Post 2668:Tawaststjerna (1997 2462:The Sibelius Park ( 2281:Symphony in G minor 2019:The Swan of Tuonela 1790:The Swan of Tuonela 1653:Dmitri Shostakovich 1439:, the ever-popular 1124:More pleasant times 814:The Swan of Tuonela 631:Alexander Järnefelt 548:Berlin Philharmonic 234:The Swan of Tuonela 188:develop a stronger 13379:Romantic composers 13329:Finnish Freemasons 11089:White Mountain art 11030:Historical fiction 10838:Spain (literature) 10672:Heitor Villa-Lobos 10206:Witold Lutoslawski 9967:Indianist movement 9885:Romantic orchestra 8915:Select biographers 8861:Serge Koussevitzky 8826:Sir Thomas Beecham 8798:Wilhelm Stenhammar 8514: (son-in-law) 8501: (son-in-law) 8495: (son-in-law) 8487:Christian Sibelius 8379: (1917) 8375:Six Runeberg Songs 8323:Five Songs, Op. 38 8311:Five Songs, Op. 37 7845:Väinämöinen's Song 7801:The Origin of Fire 7712:Belshazzar's Feast 7592:Pohjola's Daughter 7563:Lemminkäinen Suite 7104:. Reaktion Books. 6543:. Schirmer Books. 6218:on 26 January 2012 6212:The Kennedy Center 6116:(14 August 2011). 5825:on 9 November 2018 5669:on 8 December 2015 5648:, liner notes for 5444:Schaarwächter 2015 5379:Tawaststjerna 1976 5214:on 8 December 2015 5204:Steinberg, Michael 4633:Tawaststjerna 1976 4405:. Classics Today. 4215:10.23994/lk.144520 3969:The New York Times 3886:Tawaststjerna 2008 3620:on 23 October 2022 3545:"Incidental music" 3421:Tawaststjerna 1976 3371:Tawaststjerna 1976 3122:Tawaststjerna 1976 2751:"100 markkaa 1986" 2718:"Brother Sibelius" 2595:Pohjola's Daughter 2472: 2413:gave a lecture in 2383: 2314:Arthur Butterworth 2277:Ernest John Moeran 2236: 2105:, Op. 10, and the 2049:who inhabited the 1994:Lemminkäinen Suite 1958: 1934:Fantasia sinfonica 1880: 1842: 1766: 1700: 1696:Helsinki Cathedral 1629: 1586:, followed by his 1564:. Broadcasting on 1536:Serge Koussevitzky 1527:and the tone poem 1520: 1465:Fantasia sinfonica 1388: 1322:Russian Revolution 1266:The New York Times 1207: 1107: 1069:in St Petersburg. 1063:Pohjola's Daughter 1058:Belshazzar's Feast 1048:Pohjola's Daughter 1022:Berliner Tageblatt 1018:Allgemeine Zeitung 881: 809:Lemminkäinen Suite 791: 649:, the home of the 633:, the governor of 605: 486: 411:Christian Sibelius 402: 354: 240:Lemminkäinen Suite 13186: 13185: 13180: 13179: 13094:Romantic medicine 13064:List of romantics 12503: 12502: 12154:Felix Mendelssohn 12149:Fanny Mendelssohn 11960: 11959: 11674:Rosalía de Castro 11612:Soares dos Passos 10960:Transcendentalism 10924:Nazarene movement 10884:Düsseldorf School 10742: 10741: 10667:Francisco Mignone 10652:Alberto Ginastera 10539:Alexander Borodin 10529:Modest Mussorgsky 10484:Henryk Wieniawski 10283: 10282: 10113: 10112: 9984:New German School 9579:Felix Mendelssohn 9574:Fanny Mendelssohn 9097: 9096: 9049:Sibelius Monument 8973:Nils-Eric Ringbom 8901:Leopold Stokowski 8891:Georg Schnéevoigt 8764: (secretary) 8676:Granville Bantock 8584:Mitrofan Vasiliev 8433: (1893–1901) 8339:Two Songs, Op. 35 8333:Six Songs, Op. 50 8319: (1891–1904) 8313: (1900–1902) 8307: (1899–1900) 8305:Six Songs, Op. 36 8301: (1894–1895) 8299:"Serenad", JS 168 8295: (1891–1892) 8213: (1895–1903) 8164: (1889–1899) 7837:Hymn of the Earth 7829:Song of the Earth 7813:The Captive Queen 7679:King Christian II 7499: (1914–1915) 7493: (1912–1913) 7459: (mid 1920s– 7441: 1916, 1919) 7043:978-0-87930-865-0 6952:(2 August 2008). 6941:978-057-12477-4-5 6920:978-951-1-14231-7 6901:978-0-520-03014-5 6838:Helsingin Sanomat 6823:Helsingin Sanomat 6812:978-3-487-15227-1 6790:978-0-300-10750-0 6771:978-1-84115-476-3 6756:The Rest Is Noise 6718:978-952-5363-14-2 6689:978-0-485-11178-1 6682:. Athlone Press. 6658:978-951-746-215-0 6634:978-1-84383-688-9 6612:978-1-4269-3437-7 6573:978-0-415-26583-6 6550:978-0-02-871322-9 6509:Lambert, Constant 6500:978-2-7365-0029-0 6401:Everybody's Music 6391:978-0-7119-1683-8 6384:. Omnibus Press. 6372:978-0-521-62416-9 6348:978-0-333-23111-1 6316:978-0-521-89460-9 6293:978-0-691-15280-6 6266:978-0-226-30479-3 6247:978-1-55553-200-0 6232:Goss, Glenda Dawn 6195:978-0-8371-6027-6 6176:978-0-7864-5660-4 6157:978-1-84383-683-4 6105:978-0-300-11159-0 6046:Hufvudstadsbladet 6014:Helsingin Sanomat 5981:Helsingin Sanomat 5948:Helsingin Sanomat 5915:Hufvudstadsbladet 5854:Helsingin Sanomat 5803:978-951-583-288-7 5778:978-951-583-125-5 5574:978-1-84467-897-6 5564:Less Than Nothing 5359:www.sibelius.info 5253:"Violin concerto" 4465:on 23 August 2018 4431:. Natural Light. 4367:978-951-0-16015-2 4030:Helsingin Sanomat 3256:978-1-57467-158-2 2941:, pp. 10–13. 2622:Hufvudstadsbladet 2553:Sibelius Monument 2500:Sibelius Monument 2494:The quinquennial 2464:Sibeliuksenpuisto 2331:Leopold Stokowski 2301:Granville Bantock 2051:Mediterranean Sea 1798:Jungfrun i tornet 1720:moment of silence 1396:Hymn of the Earth 1336:Finnish Civil War 1237:Arnold Schoenberg 1155:(now Oslo) where 1067:Mariinsky Theatre 1009:and the novelist 830:King Christian II 740:and the sculptor 190:national identity 140: 139: 76:20 September 1957 13416: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13239: 13238: 13237: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13215: 13214: 13203: 13202: 13201: 13194: 13170: 13169: 13129:Evolution theory 11971: 11970: 11104: 11103: 10965:Ukrainian school 10769: 10762: 10755: 10746: 10745: 10727:Edward MacDowell 10581:Enrique Granados 10556:Alexander Moyzes 10349:Bohuslav Martinů 10310: 10303: 10296: 10287: 10286: 10200:Olivier Messiaen 10182:Benjamin Britten 10140: 10133: 10126: 10117: 10116: 10103: 10093: 10092: 9989:Post-romanticism 9854:Vaughan Williams 9137: 9130: 9123: 9114: 9113: 9101: 9100: 9089: 9088: 9071: (asteroid) 9034:Sibelius Glacier 9024:Sibelius Academy 8981: 8958:Glenda Dawn Goss 8954: 8942: 8930: 8922:Fabian Dahlström 8881:Sir Simon Rattle 8811: 8783:Abraham Ojanperä 8758: 8741: 8729: 8717: 8694: 8681:Ferruccio Busoni 8651: 8598: 8580: 8556: 8548:Kasper Järnefelt 8513: 8483: (daughter) 8477: (daughter) 8476: 8427: 1938–1940) 8426: 8414: 8402: 8350: 8269: 8257: 8238: 8157: 8156: 1875–1881 8154: 8093: 8011: 7991: 7967: 7955: 7919:Other orchestral 7902: 7807: 7638: 7571: 7549: 7537: 7508: 7486: 7465: 7462: 7440: 7412: 7358: 7351: 7344: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7272: 7203: 7180: 7169:. London: Dent. 7158: 7146: 7132: 7115: 7096: 7074: 7047: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7014: 7003: 6994:Jean Sibelius's 6987: 6980:Whittall, Arnold 6975: 6973: 6971: 6945: 6924: 6905: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6827: 6816: 6794: 6775: 6762:Harper Perennial 6760:(3rd ed.). 6746: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6727: 6721:. Archived from 6710: 6693: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6661:. Archived from 6643:Murtomäki, Veijo 6638: 6616: 6597: 6577: 6554: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6504: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6472:. Archived from 6460: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6404: 6395: 6376: 6362:Sibelius Studies 6352: 6325:Hepokoski, James 6320: 6297: 6270: 6251: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6214:. Archived from 6199: 6180: 6161: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6109: 6085: 6051: 6050: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5905: 5894: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5769:Dagbok 1909–1944 5764: 5758: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5659: 5653: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5615:"Finn de Siècle" 5610: 5604: 5603: 5602:on 10 June 2015. 5592: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5558: 5552: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5417: 5413:"Sir Arnold Bax" 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5295: 5289: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5140: 5134: 5131:Kilpeläinen 2012 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4930: 4924: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4740: 4734: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4670: 4664: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4552: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4491:. Archived from 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4461:. Archived from 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4395: 4389: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4346: 4340: 4330: 4324: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4217: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4073:Kilpeläinen 1995 4070: 4064: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4033: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3965: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3902: 3889: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3850: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3692: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3653: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3576: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3445: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3326: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3038: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2807:. 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Archived from 2714: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2699: 2685: 2679: 2665: 2546: 2534:Fabian Dahlström 2431:Leif Ove Andsnes 2297:Constant Lambert 2244:Vaughan Williams 2240:Elliott Schwartz 2175:Abraham Ojanperä 2103:Karelia Overture 1975: 1704:brain hemorrhage 1627:Sibelius in 1939 1506:Last major works 1499:essential tremor 1416: 1386:Sibelius in 1923 1356:Eero Haapalainen 982: 968: 706: 491:Ferruccio Busoni 472:Sibelius Academy 419:Suite in D Minor 378:Swedish-speaking 315:The Finnish 100 290:(1926), and the 281:Seventh Symphony 256:incidental music 175: 174: 173: 167: 162: 161:Finland Swedish: 159: 156: 151: 148: 136: 120: 118: 79: 60: 58: 46: 32: 31: 13424: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13409:Sibelius family 13259: 13258: 13257: 13247: 13245: 13235: 13233: 13223: 13221: 13209: 13205:Classical music 13199: 13197: 13189: 13187: 13182: 13181: 13176: 13175: 13164: 13156: 13142: 13099:Romantic poetry 13084:Romantic ballet 13059:German idealism 13042: 13008:Lacoue-Labarthe 12934: 12681: 12499: 12448: 12417: 12398:Rimsky-Korsakov 12341: 12290: 12239: 12198: 12107: 12051: 12015: 11956: 11805: 11749: 11698: 11657: 11616: 11570: 11512: 11453:Maria Edgeworth 11389: 11382: 11261: 11183: 11093: 11072:Romantic genius 11002:Gesamtkunstwerk 10979: 10940:Sturm und Drang 10847: 10778: 10773: 10743: 10738: 10637: 10607:United Kingdom 10586:Joaquín Rodrigo 10576:Manuel de Falla 10474:Frédéric Chopin 10334:Bedřich Smetana 10330:Czech Republic 10319: 10314: 10284: 10279: 10232:Magnus Lindberg 10210:Joonas Kokkonen 10190:Usko Meriläinen 10176:Igor Stravinsky 10149: 10144: 10114: 10109: 10086: 10082:Modernist music 10078: 10075:Classical music 10065: 10010: 9955: 9936:Romantic ballet 9931:Orchestral song 9911:Chorale prelude 9906:Character piece 9889: 9880:Romantic guitar 9873:Instrumentation 9868: 9704:Rimsky-Korsakov 9324:Ferdinand David 9161: 9155: 9146: 9141: 9106: 9098: 9093: 9079: 9054:Sibelius Museum 8989: 8975: 8948: 8936: 8924: 8910: 8836:Sir Colin Davis 8814: 8805: 8773:Oskar Merikanto 8752: 8750:Heikki Klemetti 8735: 8723: 8711: 8688: 8654: 8645: 8621: 8592: 8590:Hermann Csillag 8577:Martin Wegelius 8575: 8560: 8550: 8536:Arvid Järnefelt 8530:Armas Järnefelt 8507: 8493:Aulis Blomstedt 8489: (brother) 8481:Heidi Blomstedt 8470: 8444: 8382: 8355:"Arioso", Op. 3 8278: 8260: 8248: 8225:Three Sonatinas 8187: 8182:Violin Sonatina 8155: 8135: 8097: 8087:Andante festivo 8052:String quartets 8047: 8033:Suite champêtre 7914: 7851: 7766: 7692:1903; includes 7650: 7518: 7503:Six Humoresques 7481:Violin Concerto 7469: 7463: 7387: 7386: 7367: 7362: 7309:"Jean Sibelius" 7307: 7263: 7244:Wayback Machine 7231:Wayback Machine 7210: 7200: 7183: 7177: 7161: 7155: 7135: 7118: 7112: 7099: 7093: 7077: 7071: 7058: 7055: 7053:Further reading 7050: 7044: 7018: 7016: 7012: 7001: 6969: 6967: 6959:Classical Music 6942: 6921: 6902: 6875: 6873: 6848: 6846: 6813: 6791: 6772: 6731: 6729: 6728:on 4 March 2016 6725: 6719: 6708: 6690: 6668: 6666: 6665:on 21 June 2015 6659: 6635: 6613: 6582:Leibowitz, René 6574: 6551: 6524: 6522: 6501: 6479: 6477: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6437: 6423: 6421: 6392: 6373: 6349: 6317: 6294: 6267: 6248: 6221: 6219: 6196: 6177: 6158: 6131: 6129: 6106: 6090:, p. xviii 6066:Adorno, Theodor 6060: 6058:General sources 6055: 6054: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6005: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5906: 5897: 5888:Wayback Machine 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5845: 5841: 5828: 5826: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5765: 5761: 5755:Wayback Machine 5746: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5611: 5607: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5559: 5555: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5507: 5503: 5495:Philip Norman, 5494: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5442: 5438: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5355:"Vapaamuurarit" 5353: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5133:, p. viii. 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4915: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4675:"Jean Sibelius" 4671: 4667: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4604:"Jean Sibelius" 4602: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4558:(9 July 2007). 4553: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4495:on 30 July 2016 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4396: 4392: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4347: 4343: 4331: 4327: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4253:on 9 March 2012 4245: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4177:. 10 April 2024 4169: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4071: 4067: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4036: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3892: 3884: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3771: 3770: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3694: 3693: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3578: 3577: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3480: 3479: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3447: 3446: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3386:. ClassicLive. 3382: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3328: 3327: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3040: 3039: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2983: 2982: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2799: 2798: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2753:. Setelit.com. 2749: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2728:on 20 June 2003 2716: 2715: 2711: 2697: 2695: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2642: 2568: 2536: 2504:Sibelius Museum 2456: 2321:Douglas Lilburn 2293:John Barbirolli 2259:). In Britain, 2246:, Sibelius and 2225: 2206: 2189: 2184: 2142:Violin Concerto 2095: 2067:Walter Damrosch 2047:Greek mythology 2015:symphonic poems 1999:Veneen luominen 1973: 1942: 1896:Fourth Symphony 1884:Second Symphony 1857: 1751:Jean Sibelius' 1745: 1739: 1708:Malcolm Sargent 1647:and considered 1645:Richard Strauss 1621: 1612:Andante Festivo 1596: 1508: 1410: 1380: 1287:First World War 1279: 1271:Yale University 1195:Boston American 1126: 1118:Fourth Symphony 1075: 990: 989: 988: 987: 986: 983: 974: 973: 972: 969: 958: 950:Violin Concerto 940:Arvid Järnefelt 924:Var det en dröm 907:Second Symphony 877:Albert Engström 862:Finland Awakens 796:Veneen luominen 784:Oskar Merikanto 765:Oskar Merikanto 700: 683:Aulis Blomstedt 679:Heidi Blomstedt 623: 590:Scène de Ballet 576:Scène de Ballet 546:conducting the 534:Richard Strauss 499:Armas Järnefelt 482:Martin Wegelius 464: 386:Eastern Uusimaa 343: 338: 325:flag flying day 305:eighth symphony 268:, piano music, 223:Violin Concerto 169: 168: 160: 157: 149: 147:forename in the 146: 122: 119: 1892) 114: 110: 87: 81: 77: 68: 62: 61:8 December 1865 56: 54: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13422: 13412: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13256: 13255: 13243: 13231: 13219: 13207: 13184: 13183: 13178: 13177: 13157: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13140: 13133: 13132: 13131: 13126: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13050: 13048: 13047:Related topics 13044: 13043: 13041: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12944: 12942: 12936: 12935: 12933: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12775:Gallen-Kallela 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12750:David d'Angers 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12691: 12689: 12687:Visual artists 12683: 12682: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12647:Schleiermacher 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12513: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12456: 12454: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12425: 12423: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12349: 12347: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12247: 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11086: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11032: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11020: 11010: 11008:Gothic fiction 11005: 10998: 10996:British Marine 10993: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10950: 10945: 10944: 10943: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10894:Gothic revival 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10797: 10792: 10786: 10784: 10780: 10779: 10772: 10771: 10764: 10757: 10749: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10722:Horatio Parker 10719: 10714: 10708:United States 10706: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10686: 10685: 10684: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10656: 10655: 10654: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10605: 10604: 10603: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10591:Joaquín Turina 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10565: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10519:Mily Balakirev 10511: 10506: 10504:Mikhail Glinka 10498: 10497: 10496: 10488: 10487: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10454:Bernard Zweers 10448: 10447: 10446: 10444:Giuseppe Verdi 10438: 10437: 10436: 10431: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10419:Richard Wagner 10416: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10404:Romain Bussine 10401: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10384:Leevi Madetoja 10378: 10377: 10376: 10368: 10367: 10366: 10361: 10353: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10339:Antonín Dvořák 10336: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10312: 10305: 10298: 10290: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10274:Tristan Murail 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10247: 10244:Kaija Saariaho 10241: 10235: 10229: 10223: 10220:Aulis Sallinen 10213: 10203: 10197: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10164:Paul Hindemith 10161: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10143: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10120: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10107: 10097: 10079: 10071: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10063: 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9331: 9326: 9321: 9319:Félicien David 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9165: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9144:Romantic music 9140: 9139: 9132: 9125: 9117: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9095: 9094: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9072: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9044:Sibelius Medal 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9008: 9003: 8997: 8995: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8987: 8982: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8946:Erik Furuhjelm 8943: 8931: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8896:Leif Segerstam 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8876:Eugene Ormandy 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8851:Robert Kajanus 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8831:Paavo Berglund 8828: 8822: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8788:Selim Palmgren 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8768:Erkki Melartin 8765: 8759: 8747: 8742: 8730: 8718: 8709:Richard Faltin 8706: 8701: 8696: 8695: (patron) 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8643:Bengt de Törne 8640: 8638:Leevi Madetoja 8635: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8599: (violin) 8587: 8586: (violin) 8581: 8573: 8568: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8545: 8542:Eero Järnefelt 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8505:Jussi Snellman 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8465: 8459: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8434: 8428: 8420:Finlandia Hymn 8416: 8404: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8371: 8358: 8352: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8320: 8314: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8273:Five Esquisses 8270: 8258: 8246: 8240: 8228: 8222: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8199:Six Impromptus 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8179: 8171: 8165: 8159: 8148:Water Droplets 8143: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8124: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8083: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8037: 8029: 8025:Suite mignonne 8021: 8013: 8001: 7993: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7957: 7945: 7937: 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7111:978-1789144659 7110: 7097: 7091: 7075: 7069: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7042: 7034:Backbeat Books 7025: 6988: 6984:Grimley (2004) 6976: 6946: 6940: 6925: 6919: 6906: 6900: 6882: 6855: 6828: 6817: 6811: 6795: 6789: 6776: 6770: 6753:(2009) . "5". 6747: 6738: 6717: 6694: 6688: 6675: 6657: 6639: 6633: 6617: 6611: 6598: 6578: 6572: 6555: 6549: 6535:Layton, Robert 6531: 6505: 6499: 6486: 6461: 6430: 6405: 6396: 6390: 6377: 6371: 6353: 6347: 6329:Sadie, Stanley 6321: 6315: 6298: 6292: 6271: 6265: 6252: 6246: 6228: 6204:Freed, Richard 6200: 6194: 6181: 6175: 6162: 6156: 6138: 6114:Botstein, Leon 6110: 6104: 6091: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6032: 5999: 5966: 5933: 5895: 5872: 5839: 5809: 5802: 5784: 5777: 5759: 5740: 5710: 5689:"Sibelius 150" 5680: 5654: 5638: 5605: 5587: 5573: 5553: 5537: 5533:Leibowitz 1955 5525: 5513: 5501: 5488: 5476: 5474:, p. 318. 5464: 5452: 5436: 5404: 5392: 5383: 5371: 5346: 5320: 5290: 5274: 5244: 5241:on 4 May 2009. 5225: 5195: 5165: 5135: 5123: 5121:, p. 242. 5111: 5081: 5060:"Lemminkäinen" 5051: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4967: 4955: 4925: 4917:Hepokoski 2001 4909: 4907:, p. 479. 4897: 4867: 4865:, p. 322. 4855: 4825: 4795: 4765: 4735: 4722: 4710: 4698: 4665: 4649: 4647:, p. 102. 4637: 4635:, p. 209. 4625: 4595: 4583: 4565:The New Yorker 4536: 4506: 4476: 4446: 4420: 4399:Hurwitz, David 4390: 4373: 4366: 4341: 4325: 4321:233–234 note 3 4309: 4279: 4277:, p. 339. 4264: 4238: 4236:Dagbok, p. 336 4229: 4204:(in Finnish). 4188: 4175:Helsinki Times 4162: 4143: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4065: 4049: 4034: 4017: 3983: 3952: 3945: 3927: 3890: 3875: 3836: 3817:Ozorio, Anne. 3809: 3794: 3755: 3743: 3717: 3678: 3643: 3631: 3601: 3566: 3533: 3503: 3470: 3437: 3435:, p. 988. 3425: 3423:, p. 166. 3413: 3411:, p. 101. 3401: 3375: 3373:, p. 162. 3363: 3351: 3316: 3304: 3274: 3272:, p. 134. 3262: 3255: 3236: 3234:, p. 162. 3224: 3222:, p. 218. 3212: 3182: 3152: 3126: 3114: 3112:, p. 985. 3099: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3030: 3018: 3006: 2973: 2943: 2931: 2905: 2893: 2889:Murtomäki 2000 2870: 2868:, p. 905. 2858: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2811:on 31 May 2015 2805:Visit Helsinki 2789: 2768: 2739: 2709: 2680: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2641: 2638: 2567: 2564: 2455: 2452: 2440:John Storgårds 2422:Pulitzer Prize 2411:Morton Feldman 2364:René Leibowitz 2354:Virgil Thomson 2342:Theodor Adorno 2327:Eugene Ormandy 2310:Malcolm Arnold 2306:Robert Simpson 2289:William Walton 2285:First Symphony 2273:Sixth Symphony 2253:Leevi Madetoja 2232:Leevi Madetoja 2224: 2221: 2205: 2202: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2094: 2091: 2007:Richard Wagner 1986:Viktor Rydberg 1981:The Wood Nymph 1941: 1938: 1922:Symphony No. 7 1907:Symphony No. 5 1891:Third Symphony 1872:Robert Kajanus 1861:Symphony No. 1 1856: 1853: 1839:Eero Järnefelt 1738: 1735: 1676:Thomas Beecham 1668:Eugene Ormandy 1620: 1617: 1595: 1592: 1588:Fifth Symphony 1507: 1504: 1478:Wilhelm Hansen 1461:Sixth Symphony 1459:premiered his 1430:New York Times 1422:George Eastman 1379: 1376: 1295:Fifth Symphony 1278: 1275: 1257:Henry Krehbiel 1229:music festival 1146:Claude Debussy 1125: 1122: 1084:Third Symphony 1074: 1071: 1003:Eero Järnefelt 984: 977: 976: 975: 970: 963: 962: 961: 960: 959: 957: 956:Move to Ainola 954: 843:'s attempt to 837:First Symphony 788:Robert Kajanus 661:. Their home, 622: 619: 564:Anton Bruckner 544:Robert Kajanus 463: 460: 374:Russian Empire 342: 339: 337: 334: 158:surname in the 138: 137: 129: 128: 124: 123: 112: 106: 105: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 82: 80:(aged 91) 74: 70: 69: 63: 52: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13421: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13269:Jean Sibelius 13267: 13266: 13264: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13232: 13230: 13220: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13206: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13174: 13173: 13162: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13145: 13139: 13138: 13134: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 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B. Shelley 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11478:Mary Robinson 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11385: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11264: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11207:Chateaubriand 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11186: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11096: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11037: 11036:Mal du siècle 11033: 11031: 11028: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11015: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11003: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10850: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10781: 10777: 10770: 10765: 10763: 10758: 10756: 10751: 10750: 10747: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10712:Aaron Copland 10710: 10709: 10707: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10697:Carlos Chávez 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10683: 10682:Claude Vivier 10680: 10679: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10640: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10571:Isaac Albéniz 10569: 10568: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10501: 10499: 10495: 10494:George Enescu 10492: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10435: 10434:Zoltán Kodály 10432: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10389:Jean Sibelius 10387: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10374:Rudolf Tobias 10372: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10322: 10318: 10311: 10306: 10304: 10299: 10297: 10292: 10291: 10288: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10268:Jukka Tiensuu 10266: 10263: 10260: 10257: 10254: 10251: 10250:György Kurtág 10248: 10245: 10242: 10239: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10227: 10226:György Ligeti 10224: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10162: 10159: 10158:Jean Sibelius 10156: 10155: 10152: 10148: 10141: 10136: 10134: 10129: 10127: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10096: 10088: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10068: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10052: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10006: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9871: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9789:J. Strauss II 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9160:Composers and 9158: 9154: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9133: 9131: 9126: 9124: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9109: 9102: 9092: 9082: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9069:1405 Sibelius 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9039:Sibelius Hall 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8968:Robert Layton 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8817: 8809: 8804: 8803:Karl Wasenius 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8778:Rosa Newmarch 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8762:Santeri Levas 8760: 8756: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8739: 8734: 8731: 8727: 8722: 8719: 8715: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8686:Axel Carpelan 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8657: 8649: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8617:Karl Goldmark 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8607:Albert Becker 8602: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8578: 8571: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8554: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8503: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8468:Ruth Snellman 8466: 8463: 8462:Aino Sibelius 8460: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8429: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8399: (1896, 8398: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8378: 8376: 8372: 8369: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8347: (1909, 8346: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8281: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8262:Five Pieces, 8259: 8255: 8253: 8250:Five Pieces, 8247: 8244: 8241: 8235: (1912, 8234: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8209: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8168:Piano Quintet 8166: 8163: 8160: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140:Other chamber 8138: 8131: 8130: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8090: (1922, 8089: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8079:Voces intimae 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8008: (1909, 8007: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7988: (1904, 7987: 7986: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7964: (1899, 7963: 7962: 7958: 7952: (1894, 7951: 7950: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7941:Karelia Suite 7938: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7899: (1902, 7898: 7897: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7804: (1902, 7803: 7802: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7635: (1914, 7634: 7633: 7632:The Oceanides 7629: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7546: (1894, 7545: 7544: 7540: 7534: (1892, 7533: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7511: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7491:Two Serenades 7489: 7483: (1904, 7482: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7437: (1915, 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7409: (1899, 7408: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7365:Jean Sibelius 7359: 7354: 7352: 7347: 7345: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7201: 7199:0-7148-3581-1 7195: 7191: 7190:Phaidon Press 7187: 7186:Jean Sibelius 7182: 7178: 7176:0-460-03978-4 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7154:0-02-871322-2 7150: 7145: 7144: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7121:Jean Sibelius 7117: 7113: 7107: 7103: 7098: 7094: 7092:0-8153-1171-0 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7070:0-313-26740-5 7066: 7062: 7057: 7056: 7045: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7011: 7007: 7006:Studia Musica 7000: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6954:"King Arthur" 6951: 6950:Walker, Lynne 6947: 6943: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6912: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6883: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6757: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6739: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6681: 6676: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6626: 6625:Jean Sibelius 6622: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6604: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6475: 6471: 6470:Music Finland 6467: 6462: 6447: 6443: 6442:breitkopf.com 6436: 6431: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6406: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6333:Tyrrell, John 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6169:. McFarland. 6168: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6089: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6036: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5937: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5893:(in Finnish). 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5876: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5744: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5651: 5647: 5646:Andsnes, Leif 5642: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5576: 5570: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5534: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5480: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5421: 5414: 5408: 5401: 5396: 5387: 5381:, p. 21. 5380: 5375: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5334: 5333:Jean Sibelius 5330: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5303:Jean Sibelius 5300: 5294: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5257:Jean Sibelius 5254: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5178:Jean Sibelius 5175: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5148:Jean Sibelius 5145: 5139: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5099: 5095: 5094:Jean Sibelius 5091: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5064:Jean Sibelius 5061: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5034:Jean Sibelius 5031: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5007:, p. 30. 5006: 5005:Wicklund 2014 5001: 4985: 4981: 4980:Jean Sibelius 4977: 4971: 4965:, p. 95. 4964: 4959: 4943: 4939: 4938:Jean Sibelius 4935: 4929: 4923:, p. 61. 4922: 4921:Whittall 2004 4918: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4885: 4881: 4880:Jean Sibelius 4877: 4871: 4864: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4838:Jean Sibelius 4835: 4829: 4813: 4809: 4808:Jean Sibelius 4805: 4799: 4783: 4779: 4778:Jean Sibelius 4775: 4769: 4753: 4749: 4748:Jean Sibelius 4745: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4720:, p. 41. 4719: 4714: 4708:, p. 93. 4707: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4629: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4599: 4592: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4524: 4520: 4519:Jean Sibelius 4516: 4510: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4377: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4358:Self-portrait 4355: 4351: 4345: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4292:Jean Sibelius 4289: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4131: 4127: 4126:Jean Sibelius 4123: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4086: 4081: 4074: 4069: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4045:Botstein 2011 4041: 4039: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4005: 4001: 4000:Jean Sibelius 3997: 3995: 3987: 3971: 3970: 3962: 3956: 3948: 3946:9781580461993 3942: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3910:Jean Sibelius 3907: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3863: 3859: 3858:Jean Sibelius 3855: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3782: 3778: 3777:Jean Sibelius 3774: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3752: 3751:Woodstra 2005 3747: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3705: 3701: 3700:Jean Sibelius 3697: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3666: 3662: 3661:Jean Sibelius 3658: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3641:, p. 71. 3640: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3614:Jean Sibelius 3611: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3584:Jean Sibelius 3581: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3554: 3550: 3549:Jean Sibelius 3546: 3540: 3538: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3491: 3487: 3486:Jean Sibelius 3483: 3477: 3475: 3458: 3454: 3453:Jean Sibelius 3450: 3444: 3442: 3434: 3433:Lagrange 1994 3429: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3361:, p. 85. 3360: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3334:Jean Sibelius 3331: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3314:, p. 74. 3313: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3287:Jean Sibelius 3284: 3278: 3271: 3266: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3200: 3196: 3195:Jean Sibelius 3192: 3186: 3170: 3166: 3165:Jean Sibelius 3162: 3156: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3124:, p. 62. 3123: 3118: 3111: 3110:Lagrange 1994 3106: 3104: 3097:, p. 75. 3096: 3091: 3085:, p. 11. 3084: 3079: 3073:, p. 14. 3072: 3067: 3051: 3047: 3046:Jean Sibelius 3043: 3037: 3035: 3028:, p. 67. 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 2994: 2990: 2989:Jean Sibelius 2986: 2980: 2978: 2961: 2957: 2956:Jean Sibelius 2953: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2866:Lagrange 1994 2862: 2856:, p. 53. 2855: 2850: 2844:, p. 19. 2843: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2706: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:Voces intimae 2603: 2602:Robert Lienau 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2512:1405 Sibelius 2509: 2508:Sibelius Hall 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438:conducted by 2435: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:Thea Musgrave 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387:Milan Kundera 2380: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2109: 2108:Karelia Suite 2104: 2100: 2099:Karelia Music 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2038:The Oceanides 2034: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1963: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1851: 1846: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:Karelia suite 1771: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1744: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1728:state funeral 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641:Santeri Levas 1638: 1633: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1583:The Oceanides 1579: 1575: 1574:Anja Ignatius 1572:with soloist 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1553:Karelia Suite 1550: 1544: 1541: 1540:Basil Cameron 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1518:(early 1940s) 1517: 1512: 1503: 1502:social life. 1500: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:The Oceanides 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1404:Valse lyrique 1401: 1397: 1392: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291:The Oceanides 1288: 1284: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1261:The Oceanides 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241:The Oceanides 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1091:Gustav Mahler 1087: 1085: 1081: 1073:Ups and downs 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1034:where he met 1033: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1007:Pekka Halonen 1004: 999: 995: 981: 967: 953: 951: 947: 946: 941: 937: 931: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 913: 908: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 888: 878: 873: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 827: 821: 819: 815: 810: 806: 802: 798: 797: 789: 785: 781: 776: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757: 752: 748: 743: 742:Emil Wikström 739: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 715: 710: 704: 699: 698:Aksel Törnudd 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 659:Karelia Suite 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 618: 613: 608: 601: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560: 555: 554: 549: 545: 541: 540: 535: 531: 530:Karl Goldmark 527: 523: 519: 518:Albert Becker 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 483: 479: 475: 473: 469: 459: 457: 453: 448: 443: 441: 437: 432: 428: 427:Vattendroppar 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 398: 394: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 352: 347: 333: 331: 326: 322: 318: 313: 310: 309:Masonic music 306: 302: 298: 297: 293: 289: 288: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 266:chamber music 263: 262: 257: 253: 251: 246: 245:national epic 242: 241: 236: 235: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 213: 212:Karelia Suite 208: 207: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 172: 166: 155: 154:[ʒɑ̃] 144: 143:Jean Sibelius 135: 130: 125: 109: 108:Aino Sibelius 104: 100: 97: 94: 90: 85: 75: 71: 66: 53: 49: 45: 40: 36:Jean Sibelius 33: 30: 26: 22: 13165: 13158: 13151: 13135: 12855:Porto-Alegre 12509:Philosophers 12489: 12393:Rachmaninoff 11842:Chavchavadze 11832:Baratashvili 11592:João de Deus 11561:Wincenty Pol 11353:Küchelbecker 11081: 11047:Noble savage 11034: 11000: 10975:Wallenrodism 10952: 10938: 10869:Coppet group 10803:(literature) 10732:Charles Ives 10717:Henry Cowell 10692:Manuel Ponce 10616:Edward Elgar 10611:Joseph Parry 10561:Eugen Suchoň 10464:Edvard Grieg 10450:Netherlands 10388: 10364:Carl Nielsen 10344:Leoš Janáček 10186:Erik Bergman 10157: 10080: 10073: 9976: 9960:Other topics 9784:J. Strauss I 9753: 9674:Rachmaninoff 9429:Gretchaninov 9011: 8871:Sakari Oramo 8612:Robert Fuchs 8464: (wife) 8458: (home) 8441: (1917) 8436: 8418: 8406: 8394: 8387:Choral works 8374: 8361: 8357: (1911) 8341: (1908) 8335: (1906) 8290: 8275: (1929) 8263: 8251: 8245: (1912) 8243:Two Rondinos 8230: 8227: (1912) 8221: (1904) 8216: 8207: (1893) 8205:Piano Sonata 8201: (1893) 8184: (1915) 8178: (1900) 8173: 8170: (1890) 8146: 8132: (1888) 8128: 8123: (1887) 8119: 8114: (1886) 8110: 8085: 8082: (1909) 8078: 8073: (1890) 8067: (1889) 8061: (1885) 8044: (1922) 8039: 8036: (1922) 8031: 8028: (1921) 8023: 8020: (1912) 8015: 8003: 8000: (1906) 7997:Pan and Echo 7995: 7983: 7980: (1904) 7974: (1902) 7959: 7947: 7944: (1893) 7939: 7936: (1891) 7933:Ballet Scene 7931: 7928: (1891) 7906: 7894: 7886: 7883: (1900) 7878: 7875: (1899) 7870: 7867: (1897) 7862: 7848: (1926) 7843: 7840: (1920) 7835: 7832: (1919) 7827: 7824: (1918) 7819: 7816: (1906) 7811: 7799: 7792: 7789: (1896) 7784: 7777: 7763: (1925) 7758: 7755: (1916) 7750: 7747: (1913) 7742: 7739: (1911) 7734: 7731: (1909) 7726: 7723: (1908) 7718: 7715: (1906) 7710: 7707: (1905) 7702: 7695:Valse triste 7693: 7685: 7682: (1898) 7677: 7674: (1896) 7669: 7661: 7647: (1926) 7642: 7630: 7627: (1913) 7622: 7619: (1913) 7614: 7611: (1910) 7606: 7603: (1909) 7598: 7595: (1906) 7590: 7587: (1899) 7582: 7573: 7561: 7558: (1895) 7553: 7541: 7529: 7515: (1929) 7466:, abandoned) 7453: (1924) 7447: (1923) 7431: (1911) 7425: (1907) 7419: (1902) 7403: (1892) 7399: 7364: 7312: 7185: 7166: 7142: 7120: 7101: 7082: 7079:Goss, Glenda 7060: 7029: 7017:. 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Schlegel 12637:A. Schlegel 12413:Tchaikovsky 12302:Bortkiewicz 12174:R. Schumann 12169:C. Schumann 12134:Kalkbrenner 12103:Saint-Saëns 11408:Anne Brontë 11293:Eichendorff 11278:B. v. Arnim 11273:A. v. Arnim 11083:Weltschmerz 11042:Medievalism 10991:Blue flower 10919:Nationalist 10864:Bohemianism 10776:Romanticism 10601:Hugo Alfvén 10429:Béla Bartók 10238:Per Nørgård 10027:Romanticism 9809:Tchaikovsky 9744:R. Schumann 9739:C. Schumann 9724:Saint-Saëns 9619:Niedermeyer 9509:Leoncavallo 9479:Kalkbrenner 9254:Bortkiewicz 9014:(2003 film) 8976: [ 8949: [ 8937: [ 8925: [ 8906:Osmo Vänskä 8866:Hannu Lintu 8846:Paavo Järvi 8841:Neeme Järvi 8806: [ 8753: [ 8736: [ 8733:Karl Flodin 8724: [ 8712: [ 8699:Olin Downes 8689: [ 8646: [ 8633:Toivo Kuula 8593: [ 8551: [ 8508: [ 8499:Jussi Jalas 8471: [ 8438:Jäger March 8415: 1898) 8403: 1898) 8351: 1957) 8268:(1916–1917) 8264:The Flowers 8239: 1912) 8102:Piano trios 8094: 1938) 8012: 1910) 8005:In memoriam 7992: 1905) 7968: 1911) 7956: 1912) 7903: 1910) 7821:My Own Land 7808: 1910) 7760:The Tempest 7744:Scaramouche 7639: 1914) 7550: 1895) 7543:Spring Song 7538: 1902) 7509: 1940) 7487: 1905) 7474:Concertante 7464: 1938 7413: 1900) 7269:BBC Radio 3 7019:27 November 6732:24 November 6669:30 November 6480:26 November 6424:29 November 6076:: 460–463. 6025:10 December 5733:22 November 5545:Mäkelä 2011 5521:Adorno 1938 5484:Walker 2008 5339:11 November 5313:29 November 5267:28 November 5218:28 November 5188:28 November 5158:28 November 5104:24 November 5090:"Finlandia" 5074:24 November 5044:24 November 4990:24 November 4963:Layton 1965 4948:26 November 4905:Layton 2002 4890:26 November 4848:24 November 4818:24 November 4788:24 November 4758:24 November 4691:24 November 4618:24 November 4576:24 November 4529:19 November 4439:19 November 4335:, pp. 4333:Mäkelä 2011 4319:, pp. 4302:19 November 4097:Sirén 2011b 4085:Sirén 2011a 4059:, pp. 4057:Mäkelä 2011 4010:18 November 3994:The Tempest 3920:15 November 3868:13 November 3829:13 November 2761:29 November 2698:31 December 2566:Manuscripts 2537: [ 2379:Musik Meile 2335:Olin Downes 2187:Freemasonry 2151:Karel Halíř 1916:Dorian mode 1827:sonata form 1816:Tchaikovsky 1809:The Tempest 1724:Heino Kaski 1649:Béla Bartók 1525:The Tempest 1491:The Tempest 1486:Shakespeare 1411: [ 1372:Jäger March 1342:, but as a 1332:Jäger March 1327:Jäger March 1259:considered 1164:In Memoriam 1142:Spring Song 841:Nicholas II 738:Axel Gallén 701: [ 687:Jussi Jalas 358:Hämeenlinna 351:Hämeenlinna 341:Early years 287:The Tempest 65:Hämeenlinna 13263:Categories 12720:Chassériau 12695:Aivazovsky 12403:Rubinstein 12388:Mussorgsky 12337:Wieniawski 12322:Paderewski 12164:Moszkowski 11947:Vörösmarty 11937:Shevchenko 11791:Longfellow 11715:Batyushkov 11710:Baratynsky 11679:Espronceda 11546:Mickiewicz 11541:Malczewski 11508:Wordsworth 11493:M. Shelley 11448:de Quincey 11313:Günderrode 11197:Baudelaire 11077:Wanderlust 10914:Lake Poets 10648:Argentina 10551:Ján Cikker 10359:Niels Gade 10262:Unsuk Chin 10015:Background 9916:Intermezzo 9849:Wieniawski 9829:Vieuxtemps 9794:R. Strauss 9719:Rubinstein 9644:Paderewski 9614:Mussorgsky 9609:Moszkowski 9584:Mercadante 8963:Cecil Gray 8934:Karl Ekman 8793:Adolf Paul 8721:Ida Flodin 8671:Aino Ackté 8666:Juhani Aho 8175:Malinconia 7985:Cassazione 7728:The Lizard 7523:Tone poems 7392:Symphonies 6876:11 January 6849:11 January 6751:Ross, Alex 6560:"Sibelius" 6132:21 January 5829:31 January 5703:6 December 5673:5 December 5631:11 January 5547:, p. 5460:Freed 1995 5446:, p. 5429:5 December 5299:"Kullervo" 5284:, p. 5017:Kurki 1999 4718:James 1989 4659:, p. 4608:Gramophone 4556:Ross, Alex 4413:9 December 4275:Sadie 2005 4257:30 January 3976:10 January 3787:6 November 3710:28 October 3083:Ekman 1972 2914:"Sibelius" 2732:16 October 2655:References 2399:Stravinsky 2395:Schoenberg 2350:Schoenberg 2265:Arnold Bax 2248:Prokofieff 2171:Emmy Achté 2087:Cecil Gray 1940:Tone poems 1855:Symphonies 1741:See also: 1674:under Sir 1604:Winter War 1549:auto da fé 1408:Wäinö Sola 1400:Eino Leino 1233:Gloucester 1225:Aino Ackté 1187:Birmingham 1153:Kristiania 1103:Kensington 1094:positive. 1036:Henry Wood 1011:Juhani Aho 858:Päivälehti 495:Adolf Paul 366:Tavastehus 237:(from the 57:1865-12-08 13241:Biography 13160:Modernism 12820:Kiprensky 12780:Géricault 12765:Friedrich 12755:Delacroix 12730:Constable 12710:Bonington 12700:Bierstadt 12652:Senancour 12627:Schelling 12582:Lamennais 12577:Khomyakov 12542:Coleridge 12537:Chaadayev 12444:Stanković 12439:Mokranjac 12358:Balakirev 12317:Moniuszko 12266:Donizetti 12261:Cherubini 12159:Meyerbeer 12144:Marschner 12119:Beethoven 12032:Moscheles 11966:Musicians 11952:Wergeland 11917:Orbeliani 11872:Grundtvig 11776:Hawthorne 11745:Zhukovsky 11740:Vyazemsky 11725:Lermontov 11684:Gutiérrez 11643:Radičević 11607:Herculano 11531:Krasiński 11473:Radcliffe 11443:Coleridge 11418:E. Brontë 11413:C. 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