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private letters, and instructing his business partners to destroy these letters after they were read. After the Civil War, Scott was heavily involved in investments in the fast-growing trans-Mississippi River route into Texas, with long-term plans for a southern transcontinental railway line connecting the
Southern states and California. He was involved in large scale acquisition of land through a method of legal intimidation. From 1871 to 1872, Scott was briefly the president of the
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stability of the
Pennsylvania Railroad throughout their partnership, and J. Edgar Thomson's paternalism. Scott, for his part, was also described as ruthless and manipulative and was willing to operate in ethical gray areas in search of greater profit. This was demonstrated in his involvement in the price-fixing cartel with executives from the Baltimore- and Ohio Railroad as well as the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, among others.
33:
225:, Pennsylvania. His father was a tavern-keeper. He was the 7th of eleven children.At the age of 10, he left school to work as a handyman in a general supply store, continuing this employment until he was 17. He then established several small business ventures before joining the railroad industry when he was 27. Ten years later, he became the first Vice President Philadelphia Railroad.
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to his pipelines, causing severe problems for the rail industry. Scott still controlled the railway to
Pittsburgh, where the pipelines of Rockefeller did not extend, but the two men were unable to come to terms on transportation costs. In response, Rockefeller closed his plants in Pittsburgh, forcing
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made this difficult in 1872. Congress became unwilling to grant railroad companies land grants in the
Southwestern United States. Mindful of the corruption allegations which had dogged his friend Cameron, Scott was notoriously secretive about his business dealings, conducting most of his business in
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by the melding of their opposing personality traits: Thomson was the engineer, cool, deliberate, and introverted; Scott was the financier, daring, versatile, and a publicity-seeker. In addition, they had common experiences and values, agreement on the importance of financial success, the financial
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in the aftermath of the Civil War, the
Southern states needed their economy and infrastructure restored, and more investment in railroads. They had lagged behind the North in railroad miles. The Northern-based railroads competed to acquire routes and construct rail lines in the South. Federal
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with northern railroads. Scott also advised creating transportation and telegraph bureaus and arranging draft exemptions for experienced civilian mechanics and locomotive engineers, for needed military railroad operations were compromised by the loss of experienced railroad men. The next year,
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war effort. He assumed supervision of government railroads and other transportation lines. He made the movement of supplies and troops more efficient and effective for the war effort on behalf of the Union. In one instance, he engineered the movement of 25,000 troops in 24 hours from
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By 1860, when Scott became the first Vice
President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, it had expanded from a company of railway lines within Pennsylvania through the 1840s and 1850s, to a transportation empire (which it would continue to expand under his guidance from the 1860s onward).
447:, was quoted as saying that the strikers should be given "a rifle diet for a few days and see how they like that kind of bread." According to historian Heather Cox Richardson, Scott convinced President Hayes to use federal troops to end the strike, providing motivation for the
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later challenged the
Rockefeller monopoly in petroleum from his dominance of the steel industry. Just as the economy of railroads gave way to that of oil, oil in turn would face the emerging dominance of steel. During the American Civil War, the Union named a steam transport
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called on Scott for his extensive knowledge of the rail and transportation systems of the state. In May 1861, Scott received a commission as
Colonel of Volunteers and placed in command of railroad and telegraph lines used by the Union armies. His friend, Secretary of War
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In his "Scott Plan" of the later 1870s, Scott proposed that the largely
Democratic Southern politicians would give their votes in Congress and state legislatures for federal government subsidies to various infrastructure improvements, including in particular the
282:, Scott was one of number of railroad men who coordinated a special train for him through the Northern states prior to his inauguration. Scott advised President Lincoln to travel covertly by rail to avoid Confederate spies and assassins.
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The 1846 state charter to the
Pennsylvania Railroad diffused power within the company, by giving executive authority to a committee responsible to stockholders, and not to individuals. By the 1870s, however, officers directed by
400:, an informal and unwritten deal which settled the disputed Presidential election of 1876. However, it was never implemented. Railroad construction in the South remained at a low level after 1873 and its financial panic.
506:. Interested in education and health, Scott endowed certain positions at the University of Pennsylvania. His widow also made a variety of endowments in his name at the
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2017:
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in buying the support of newspaper editors as well as various politicians to build public support for the subsidies. The Scott Plan became part of the
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George B. Abdill, Civil War Railroads: A Pictorial Story of the War Between the States, 1861–1865, (Indiana University Press 1961) p. 34
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owner. He was the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad from 1874, upon the death of his partner Thomson, until 1880. The financial
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181:(1874–1880), which became the largest publicly traded corporation in the world and received much criticism for his conduct in the
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Richard White, "Corporations, Corruption, and the Modern Lobby: A Gilded Age Story of the West and the South in Washington, D.C."
2012:
482:, had died in 1874. Scott suffered a stroke in 1878, limiting his ability to work. He died on May 21, 1881, and was buried at
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165:(December 28, 1823 – May 21, 1881) was an American businessman, railroad executive, and industrialist. In 1861, President
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and subsequent economic depression made it impossible to finance Scott's southern transcontinental railroad plans.
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University of Pennsylvania: Its History, Traditions, Buildings and Memorials; Also a Brief Guide to Philadelphia
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in 1850 as a station agent, and by 1858 was general superintendent. Scott had been recommended for promotion by
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Despite Scott's best efforts, the Pennsylvania Railroad continued to lose money through the 1870s. Oil magnate
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250:(who joined the Pittsburgh telegraph office at age 16 and became Scott's private secretary and telegrapher).
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railroads under his leadership played a major role in the war effort. He became the fourth president of the
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in exchange for the federal government pulling out its military forces from the South and ending the
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Ward, James A. (Spring 1975). "Power and Accountability on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1846–1878".
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Ward, James A. (January 1976). "J. Edgar Thomson And Thomas A. Scott: A Symbiotic Partnership?".
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The railroad-based economy of the United States was overtaken by the oil boom. Scott's protege
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1006:— Chapter 6, "The genius: The man who reinvented the corporation (1850–1880)"
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Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California
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Ranknfile-ue.org: The Great Strike of 1877: Remembering a Worker Rebellion
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Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction
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Historians have explained the successful partnership of Thomas Scott and
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University Hospital: endowed beds for patients with chronic diseases.
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Rescue by Rail: Troop Transfer and the Civil War in the West, 1863
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assistance was sought by both special interest groups, but the
903:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: International Printing Company.
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Furman.edu: "Re-Assessing Tom Scott, the 'Railroad Prince' "
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The Homestead Strike: Labor, Violence, and American Industry
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Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class
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Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders: N-U
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Burning of Pennsylvania Railroad and Union Depot, in the
833:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. p. 93.
201:. In his final years, Scott made large donations to the
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had shifted much of his transportation of product for
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Scott to enact aggressive pay deductions of workers.
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189:." Scott helped negotiate the Republican Party's
2018:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
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747:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
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439:. Scott, often referred to as one of the first
964:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
54:Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
16:American railroad executive and businessperson
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339:Scott invested in oil exploration around the
520:Thomas A. Scott Professorship of Mathematics
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2053:United States Assistant Secretaries of War
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2048:People from Franklin County, Pennsylvania
1993:19th-century American railroad executives
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213:Scott was born on December 28, 1823, in
121:United States Assistant Secretary of War
890:The Civil War Career of Thomas A. Scott
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515:Thomas A. Scott Fellowship in Hygiene
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355:. Bard produced California's first
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369:Crédit Mobilier of America scandal
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1998:Burials at The Woodlands Cemetery
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897:Nitzsche, George Erasmus (1918).
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307:despite Cameron's replacement by
2043:Members of the Philadelphia Club
2023:People of the Reconstruction Era
2003:Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
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1120:United States Secretaries of War
1043:Union Pacific Railroad
498:to honor Scott. Ironically, Dr.
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920:. University of Nebraska Press.
862:
811:
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714:"The Hunt for California Crude"
540:"A New War Begins", episode of
409:1877 Pittsburgh railroad strike
378:first transcontinental railroad
171:U.S. Assistant Secretary of War
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304:Orange and Alexandria Railroad
99:Railroad executive, politician
1:
2013:Union Pacific Railroad people
892:. University of Pennsylvania.
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463:Thomas A. Scott Grave at the
437:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
415:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
298:in August 1861 appointed him
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183:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
2008:Pennsylvania Railroad people
888:Kamm, Samuel Richey (1940).
807:Radio Boston: Week In Review
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7:
916:Pickenpaugh, Roger (1998).
874:(DVD). The History Channel.
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476:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
343:, area, sending his nephew
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1071:Pennsylvania Railroad
975:Woodward, C. Vann (1956).
508:University of Pennsylvania
300:Assistant Secretary of War
203:University of Pennsylvania
169:appointed him to serve as
89:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2028:Texas and Pacific Railway
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872:The Men Who Built America
583:Geiger, Roger L. (2017).
542:The Men Who Built America
535:South Improvement Company
390:Texas and Pacific Railway
313:War Governors' Conference
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879:Ingham, John N. (1983).
743:Almaguer, Tomas (2023).
289:, Pennsylvania Governor
134:Ann Dike Riddle (m.1861)
927:Business History Review
870:David, Stephen (2012).
504:Fort Jefferson, Florida
364:American Reconstruction
285:At the outburst of the
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374:Union Pacific Railroad
278:After the election of
163:Thomas Alexander Scott
85:The Woodlands Cemetery
1445:Assistant Secretaries
1081:George Brooke Roberts
829:Reid, Thomas (2006).
712:Nelson, Mike (2020).
470:Like his counterpart
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317:Altoona, Pennsylvania
240:Pennsylvania Railroad
179:Pennsylvania Railroad
117:Pennsylvania Railroad
115:4th president of the
645:Kahan, Paul (2014).
433:rioted in Pittsburgh
329:Nashville, Tennessee
1027:Business positions
449:Posse Comitatus Act
421:John D. Rockefeller
195:Rutherford B. Hayes
73:Darby, Pennsylvania
883:. Greenwood Press.
831:America's Fortress
818:Woodlands Cemetery
700:Pickenpaugh (1998)
484:Woodlands Cemetery
480:John Edgar Thomson
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398:Compromise of 1877
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754:978-0-520-25786-3
656:978-1-136-17396-7
594:978-1-351-49989-7
486:in Philadelphia.
472:John Work Garrett
353:Benjamin Silliman
238:Scott joined the
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718:AAPG Explorer
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96:Occupation(s)
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81:Resting place
79:
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55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1818:A. Alexander
1723:C. Alexander
1510:Breckinridge
1454:
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933:(1): 37–59.
930:
926:
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863:Bibliography
849:
830:
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783:David (2012)
763:
744:
738:
728:February 13,
726:. Retrieved
721:
717:
707:
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686:
646:
584:
566:, p. 3.
541:
495:
488:
469:
430:
425:Standard Oil
418:
386:
361:
338:
321:
284:
277:
268:
260:
252:
244:Herman Haupt
237:
219:Fort Loudoun
212:
187:robber baron
162:
161:
67:(1881-05-21)
65:May 21, 1881
18:
2038:1881 deaths
2033:1823 births
1795:of the Army
1655:of the Army
1653:Secretaries
1642:of the Army
1260:G. Crawford
1200:W. Crawford
1145:Secretaries
1137:(1789–1947)
970:(1): 37–65.
679:Kamm (1940)
630:Ward (1976)
613:Ward (1975)
564:Kamm (1940)
500:Samuel Mudd
376:, then the
362:During the
345:Thomas Bard
107:1850s–1880s
1987:Categories
1828:E. Johnson
1640:Department
1565:L. Johnson
1530:Wainwright
1495:Meiklejohn
1330:R. Lincoln
1315:J. Cameron
1285:S. Cameron
1155:B. Lincoln
1132:Department
1075:1874–1880
1047:1871–1872
1002:Ted Nace,
549:References
445:Gilded Age
357:oil gusher
209:Early life
185:and as a "
46:1823-12-28
1968:Camarillo
1963:McPherson
1883:Augustine
1863:McGiffert
1823:Bendetsen
1600:Patterson
1570:Patterson
1430:Patterson
1375:Dickinson
1295:Schofield
1245:J. Porter
1215:P. Porter
1190:Armstrong
1165:Pickering
955:155491864
451:of 1878.
359:in 1867.
351:noted by
349:oil seeps
347:to drill
274:Civil War
234:Railroads
147:Signature
1958:McCarthy
1943:Westphal
1928:Brownlee
1923:Dahlberg
1853:Ignatius
1838:Finucane
1813:Voorhees
1778:McCarthy
1718:Hoffmann
1713:Callaway
1708:Froehlke
1580:Petersen
1560:Woodring
1540:MacNider
1535:D. Davis
1525:Williams
1515:Ingraham
1420:Woodring
1400:D. Davis
1385:Garrison
1335:Endicott
1270:J. Davis
1230:Poinsett
1180:Dearborn
1124:the Army
909:65488397
529:See also
139:Children
1918:Rostker
1903:Shannon
1893:Ambrose
1888:LaBerge
1783:Wormuth
1768:Fanning
1743:Caldera
1683:Brucker
1678:Stevens
1545:Robbins
1520:Crowell
1470:Wolcott
1425:Stimson
1380:Stimson
1365:W. Taft
1340:Proctor
1320:McCrary
1310:A. Taft
1305:Belknap
1300:Rawlins
1290:Stanton
1250:Wilkins
1240:Spencer
1210:Barbour
1205:Calhoun
1170:McHenry
947:3112961
724:(2): 18
474:of the
443:of the
1953:Murphy
1948:Carson
1913:Walker
1908:Reeder
1878:Staudt
1873:BeLieu
1843:Milton
1833:Slezak
1803:Draper
1763:McHugh
1753:Harvey
1663:Royall
1610:Draper
1605:Royall
1592:of War
1575:McCloy
1550:Hurley
1505:Oliver
1500:Sanger
1480:Eckert
1465:Tucker
1460:Watson
1447:of War
1435:Royall
1410:Hurley
1370:Wright
1350:Lamont
1345:Elkins
1325:Ramsey
1265:Conrad
1195:Monroe
1185:Eustis
1175:Dexter
1147:of War
1134:of War
953:
945:
907:
837:
751:
653:
591:
229:Career
131:Spouse
91:, U.S.
75:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
1933:Geren
1898:Stone
1858:Resor
1848:Ailes
1773:Esper
1758:Geren
1748:White
1733:Stone
1728:Marsh
1703:Resor
1698:Ailes
1693:Vance
1688:Stahr
1555:Payne
1485:Grant
1455:Scott
1395:Weeks
1390:Baker
1355:Alger
1275:Floyd
1255:Marcy
1220:Eaton
951:S2CID
943:JSTOR
324:Union
221:, in
217:near
1938:Ford
1868:Beal
1808:Gray
1738:West
1673:Pace
1668:Gray
1475:Dana
1415:Dern
1405:Good
1360:Root
1280:Holt
1235:Bell
1225:Cass
1160:Knox
1122:and
905:OCLC
835:ISBN
749:ISBN
730:2020
651:ISBN
589:ISBN
62:Died
40:Born
1490:Doe
968:100
935:doi
315:in
1989::
994:,
966:.
949:.
941:.
931:49
929:.
775:^
722:41
720:.
716:.
665:^
637:^
620:^
603:^
571:^
556:^
319:.
205:.
87:,
1112:e
1105:t
1098:v
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937::
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702:.
681:.
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597:.
142:3
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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