791:
99:
85:
739:
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1997:. The supplemental treaty provided that the British North Borneo Company would continue to administer those islands unless and until the United States government gave notice to the United Kingdom calling for administration of the islands to be transferred to the U.S. The U.S. never gave such a notice. On the 4th of July, 1946, an independent Philippines was born. It became the successor to the U.S. under the treaties of 1930. On July 15, 1946, the United Kingdom annexed the State of North Borneo and, in the view of the United Kingdom, became the sovereign power with respect to what had been the State of North Borneo. On September 19, 1946, the Philippines notified the United Kingdom that it wished to take over the administration of the
162:
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171:
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1989:) the two powers agreed the international boundaries between those respective territories. In that treaty the United Kingdom also accepted that the Turtle Islands as well as the Mangsee Islands were part of the Philippine archipelago and therefore under U.S. sovereignty. However, by a supplemental international treaty concluded at the same time, the two powers agreed that those islands, although part of the Philippines Archipelago, would remain under the administration of the
1786:
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2017:
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1935:
137:
1961:, who refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino people knew his reputation. In the April 23, 1946 election, Roxas won 54 percent of the vote, and the Liberal Party won a majority in the legislature. When the Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, Roxas became the first president of the new republic.
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142:
144:
138:
143:
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139:
141:
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1964:
Although Roxas was successful in getting rehabilitation funds from the United States after independence, he was forced to concede military bases (23 of which were leased for 99 years), trade restrictions for the
Philippine citizens, and special privileges for U.S. property owners and investors. His
1921:
From 1946 to 1961, the
Philippines observed Independence Day on July 4. On May 12, 1962, President Macapagal issued Presidential Proclamation No. 28 proclaiming June 12, 1962, as a special public holiday throughout the Philippines. In 1964, Republic Act No. 4166 changed the date of Independence Day
1844:
provided a mechanism whereby U.S. import quotas might be established on
Philippine articles which "are coming, or are likely to come, into substantial competition with like articles the product of the United States". It further required U.S. citizens and corporations be granted equal access to
2061:
His five years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved, and his administration was tainted by widespread graft and
1832:
On the same day, representatives of the United States and of the
Philippines signed a Treaty of General Relations between the two governments. The treaty provided for the recognition of the independence of the Republic of the Philippines as of July 4, 1946, and the relinquishment of American
2682:
1789:
1791:
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during his term in office. This policy heavily favored
Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. He was also responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in the country. He also made a program focused on thriftiness.
2035:
of the
Nacionalista Party, ran against Quirino in what has been described as a particularly corrupt and venal exercise in democracy. Although historians in general accept that Laurel was elected, he refused to challenge Quirino's declared victory with force.
135:
790:
1852:
The
Philippine government had little choice but to accept these terms for independence. Congress was threatening to withhold post-World War II rebuilding funds unless the Bell Act was ratified. The Philippine Congress obliged on July 2, 1946.
136:
1984:
to the
Philippines. By an international treaty concluded in 1930 between the United States (in respect of its then overseas territory, the Philippine archipelago) and the United Kingdom (in respect of its then protectorate, the
2674:
Exchange of Notes
Between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the Republic of The Philippines Regarding the Transfer of the Administration of the Turtle and Mangsee Islands to the Philippine
1787:
2549:
2148:, heading back to Manila. In the early morning hours of March 17, his plane was reported missing. It was late in the afternoon that day that newspapers reported that the airplane had crashed on
1849:
described the law as "clearly inconsistent with the basic foreign economic policy of this country" and "clearly inconsistent with our promise to grant the
Philippines genuine independence."
2432:
1535:
2193:
During his administration, he acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement which shortened the lease of the US Bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years.
2050:
Quirino's administration faced a serious threat in the form of the communist Hukbalahap movement. Though the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Luzon,
2137:(PAF). President Magsaysay asked what the operating costs per hour were for that type of aircraft, then wrote a personal check to the PAF, covering the cost of his flight.
1347:
2946:
2940:
2212:, who served as vice-president under him, but belonged to the opposing Liberal Party — in the Philippines the president and the vice-president are elected separately.
1499:
2557:
1845:
Philippine minerals, forests, and other natural resources. In hearings before the Senate Committee on Finance, Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
1377:
98:
1763:
1868:, going so far as to knock him out when the Philippine leader delivered a speech written by a Filipino and that American agents also drugged sitting President
1494:
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2303:
2266:
that the reason for the change was that American embassy celebrations were visited more than the Filipino reception on the July 4 American independence day.
1448:
2895:
2004:
Roxas did not stay long in office because of a heart attack as he was speaking at Clark Air Base on April 15, 1948. He was succeeded by his vice president
1737:
3978:
817:
1599:
1803:
The Flag of the United States of America is lowered while the Flag of the Philippines is raised during the Independence Day ceremonies on July 4, 1946
2247:, who dominated the House of Representatives and the Senate at that time. Nonetheless, his presidency achieved growth and prosperity for the nation.
1634:
3892:
2001:
and the Mangesse Islands. Pursuant to a supplemental international agreement, the transfer of administration became effective on October 16, 1947.
1965:
administration was marred by graft and corruption; moreover, the abuses of the provincial military police contributed to the rise of the left-wing
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84:
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He also changed the date of celebration of Philippine independence from July 4 to June 12, the latter date having been the day when in 1898,
1836:
The U.S. retained dozens of military bases, including a few major ones. In addition, independence was qualified by legislation passed by the
1525:
1517:
2440:
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Among the most significant achievements of Macapagal as president were the abolition of tenancy and accompanying land reform program in the
3285:
2979:
1484:
1357:
1306:
3777:
3350:
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2251:
1614:
1609:
1560:
879:
473:
2160:, who was on an official visit to Australia at the time, assumed the presidency to serve out the last eight months of Magsaysay's term.
2144:
where he spoke at three educational institutions. That same night, at about 1 a.m., he boarded the presidential plane "Mt. Pinatubo", a
3323:
3185:
3083:
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2842:(updated – with an additional chapter on Magsaysay's death – re-edition by Pocket Books, Special Student Edition, SP-18, December 1957)
2274:
1476:
1324:
1118:
884:
732:
2327:
Treaty of General Relations Between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines, signed at Manila, on 4 July 1946
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3190:
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1689:
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1189:
922:
17:
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832:
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154:
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1417:
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As president, he was a close friend and supporter of the United States and a vocal spokesman against communism during the
170:
3844:
3601:
3554:
3367:
3311:
3022:
3017:
1723:
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1604:
1402:
770:
507:
2726:
3988:
3807:
3652:
3168:
2119:
1969:(Huk) movement in the countryside. His heavy-handed attempts to crush the Huks led to widespread peasant disaffection.
572:
251:
1906:
from Spain in 1898. The declaration was not recognised by the United States which, after defeating the Spanish in the
3613:
3530:
3202:
3158:
3136:
2908:
2415:
2390:
1877:
1659:
842:
362:
3625:
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3476:
3471:
3362:
3175:
3163:
2972:
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2232:
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2187:
2100:
1950:
1644:
1639:
1184:
255:
2816:
2297:
3933:
3862:
3737:
3689:
3586:
3481:
3379:
3263:
3248:
3116:
2235:, Macapagal ran against Garcia and defeated the incumbent president by a 55% to 45% margin. Seeking to stimulate
1856:
After independence, the U.S. continued to direct the country through Central Intelligence Agency operatives like
1372:
719:
533:
104:
3659:
3461:
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3037:
3012:
1895:
1889:
1779:
1619:
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909:
894:
800:
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broke down in 1948, Taruc openly declared himself a communist and called for the overthrow of the government.
3882:
3787:
3576:
3571:
3295:
3153:
3045:
2044:
1199:
809:
3709:
3704:
3674:
3637:
3596:
3540:
3357:
3333:
3253:
3104:
2280:, a former Liberal Party ally who defected to the Nacionalista Party to challenge the incumbent president.
2183:
1994:
1664:
1654:
1204:
1050:
670:
546:
284:
241:
2638:
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2382:
3699:
3694:
3566:
3501:
3456:
3340:
3231:
3212:
3141:
2965:
2107:, with the scarcely concealed help of American officials and funds. He was sworn into office wearing the
1954:
1822:
1530:
1284:
1018:
958:
443:
266:
2027:
Quirino assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, taking his oath of office two days after the death of
3928:
3729:
3684:
3591:
3518:
3424:
3328:
3306:
3131:
3126:
2997:
2631:
Exchange of Notes Between the United States and the United Kingdom Done at Washington on 2 January 1930
1923:
1812:
1397:
998:
943:
779:
619:
1829:
issued Proclamation 2695 of July 4, 1946, officially recognizing the independence of the Philippines.
3824:
3747:
3642:
3496:
3466:
3451:
3345:
1998:
1973:
1279:
1194:
948:
458:
2220:
2069:
began and resulted in over 7,450 Filipino soldiers being sent to Korea under the designation of the
3802:
3792:
3762:
3714:
3679:
3581:
2949:– Full text of the Treaty of General Relations between the Philippines and United States of America
2935:
2927:
2359:
2040:
1915:
1367:
1249:
1244:
1080:
1008:
625:
259:
3867:
3742:
3399:
2579:
2133:
One example of his integrity followed a demonstration flight aboard a new plane belonging to the
1945:
When the Congress of the Philippines was convened in 1945, the legislators elected in 1941 chose
1808:
1504:
1443:
1362:
1269:
1149:
993:
847:
494:
277:
90:
2597:
Convention Between the United States and the United Kingdom Done at Washington on 2 January 1930
3897:
3406:
3275:
2054:
steadily gained control over the leadership, and when Quirino's negotiation with Huk commander
1911:
1837:
1540:
1254:
2943:– Full text of the Mutual Defense Treaty between the Philippines and United States of America.
2900:
3782:
2197:
1458:
1342:
1234:
1139:
2043:
would serve as the official hostess and perform the functions traditionally ascribed to the
3957:
3797:
3384:
3372:
2236:
2134:
2123:
1907:
1463:
1453:
1412:
1392:
1259:
857:
852:
607:
2127:
8:
3907:
3819:
2076:
Although ill, Quirino ran for re-election in 1953, but he was overwhelmingly defeated by
1555:
1301:
1209:
1164:
1154:
1100:
1013:
274:
2497:(Lecture at the University of the Philippines-Manila, Rizal Hall, Padre Faura, Manila).
2490:
2152:
in Cebu and that 25 of the 26 passengers and crew aboard were killed. Only newspaperman
3947:
3669:
2872:
2334:
2224:
2209:
1876:. Prominent Filipino historian Roland G. Simbulan has called the CIA "US imperialism's
1846:
1799:
1755:
1713:
1337:
1239:
1229:
1214:
862:
837:
417:
351:
2243:
to float on the free currency exchange market. His reform efforts were blocked by the
3887:
2904:
2756:
2469:
2411:
2386:
1045:
1023:
220:
47:
3857:
3752:
2864:
2833:
2277:
2255:
2175:
2157:
1899:
1387:
1332:
1274:
1219:
1174:
1144:
1105:
405:
339:
235:
228:
224:
62:
2526:
1958:
3877:
3872:
3852:
3834:
3486:
3394:
3389:
2820:
2376:
2240:
2149:
2104:
2092:
2077:
2020:
2005:
1977:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1826:
1565:
1055:
988:
822:
603:
429:
381:
327:
315:
120:
1821:
granted independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946. In accordance with the
2890:
2263:
2126:
movements in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. During his term, he made
2108:
2032:
1981:
1873:
1861:
1841:
1550:
1352:
1179:
1075:
393:
176:
2855:
Meadows, Martin (1962). "Philippine Political Parties and the 1961 Election".
3972:
2734:
2163:
An estimated 2 million people attended Magsaysay's burial on March 22, 1957.
2145:
1818:
1754:
from the recognition of independence in 1946 to the end of the presidency of
1679:
1489:
899:
685:
271:
2028:
1990:
1986:
1946:
1938:
1090:
1070:
889:
303:
2988:
2153:
1751:
1311:
1296:
757:
467:
452:
196:
2957:
2876:
2813:
2066:
2055:
1966:
1570:
1407:
1085:
2522:
Proclamation No. 28, Declaring June 12 as Philippine Independence Day
2239:, Macapagal took the advice of supporters and allowed the Philippine
2141:
2088:
2051:
1224:
1159:
827:
2868:
2130:
literally a "house of the people", opening its gates to the public.
2016:
1957:. He had the staunch support of General MacArthur. His opponent was
1953:, Roxas ran for president as the nominee of the liberal wing of the
2491:"Covert Operations and the CIA's Hidden History in the Philippines"
2299:
Proclamation 2695 of July 4, 1946 "Independence of the Philippines"
2115:
1545:
1060:
1035:
1003:
983:
938:
874:
680:
2171:
1864:
and other historians note, Lansdale strongly influenced President
2550:"President Diosdado Macapagal Set RP Independence Day on June 12"
1934:
1134:
1095:
953:
2433:"New Book on Marcos Says U.S. Knew of His '72 Martial-Law Plans"
1825:(more popularly known as the "Tydings–McDuffie Act"), President
1762:, which ended on January 17, 1973, with the ratification of the
2186:
on March 17, 1957, and was elected later the same year, in the
978:
973:
963:
210:
189:
2182:
Garcia assumed the presidency after Ramón Magsaysay died in a
3902:
3719:
2259:
2204:
At the end of his second term, he ran for re–election in the
1065:
2122:
also known as the Manila Pact of 1954, that aimed to defeat
2812: See the SIL International Website at:
2381:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p.
2215:
2083:
968:
2468:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 32.
1910:
in May that year, acquired the Philippine Islands via the
2011:
1922:
from July 4 to June 12 and renamed the July 4 holiday as
2166:
2953:
The Timeline of Philippine History: Second Independence
2410:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 219–223.
1929:
2408:
Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines
2753:
The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia: A New History
2103:, Magsaysay was elected president over the incumbent
2537:– via Philippine History Group of Los Angeles.
2039:
Since Quirino was a widower, his surviving daughter
1764:
1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
1972:During Roxas' term of office administration of the
2896:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
3970:
2746:
2744:
2850:
2848:
2378:American Economic Policy Toward the Philippines
2662:The North Borneo Cession Order in Council 1946
1769:
118:
39:
2973:
2936:Philippine Independence Day Celebration – NYC
2741:
2513:
2140:On March 16, 1957, Magsaysay left Manila for
1731:
54:
3994:Aftermath of World War II in the Philippines
2845:
2430:
1883:
2980:
2966:
2832:
1738:
1724:
169:
3294:
2715:. p. 11 – via news.google.com.
1894:The Philippines currently celebrates its
1878:clandestine apparatus in the Philippines.
1833:sovereignty over the Philippine Islands.
1190:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
2987:
2805:
2706:
2488:
2219:
2216:The Macapagal administration (1961–1965)
2196:He was well known when he exercised the
2170:
2087:
2084:The Magsaysay administration (1953–1957)
2071:Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea
2015:
1933:
1798:
1784:
2854:
2780:. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House.
2707:Richards, Peter C. (December 6, 1947).
2547:
2489:Simbulan, Roland G. (August 18, 2000).
2374:
1750:This article covers the history of the
929:Historically documented states/polities
14:
3979:History of the Philippines (1946–1965)
3971:
2899:. New York: Ballantine Books. p.
2889:
2808:Biography of President Lázaro Cárdenas
2778:Ramon Magsaysay: A Political Biography
2775:
2572:
2461:
2405:
2252:Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963.
2208:in November 1961, but was defeated by
2012:The Quirino administration (1948–1953)
1776:Philippine Declaration of Independence
733:History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
2961:
2790:
2755:. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 293.
2167:The Garcia administration (1957–1961)
2111:, a first by a Philippine president.
1951:Philippine national elections of 1946
3984:History of the Philippines by period
2795:. National Bookstore Printing Press.
2750:
2584:– via Supreme Court E-Library.
2501:from the original on October 6, 2019
2364:– via Supreme Court E-Library.
2318:
1930:The Roxas administration (1946–1948)
1872:and discussed assassinating Senator
2431:Butterfield, Fox (April 19, 1987).
2306:from the original on August 9, 2019
24:
2806:Townsend, William Cameron (1952).
2120:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
789:
573:Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal
25:
4005:
2921:
2840:. New York: The John Day Company.
2793:Philippine History and Government
2065:In 1953, in his second term, the
2031:. In 1949 the wartime president,
1760:Third Republic of the Philippines
1130:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi
843:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
3953:
3952:
3941:
2709:"New Flag Over Pacific Paradise"
2696:– via treaties.fco.gov.uk.
2652:– via Library of Congress.
2618:– via Library of Congress.
2271:defeated for re-election in 1965
1707:
737:
712:
586:Inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos
560:Inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia
160:
133:
97:
83:
2883:
2826:
2814:Establishing the Work in Mexico
2799:
2784:
2769:
2719:
2700:
2665:
2656:
2622:
2588:
2548:Satorre, Manuel S. Jr. (n.d.).
2541:
2262:. Later, Macapagal told author
2118:. He led the foundation of the
1898:on June 12, the anniversary of
720:Commonwealth of the Philippines
534:Inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay
521:Inauguration of Elpidio Quirino
175:Location of the Philippines in
2482:
2455:
2424:
2399:
2368:
2352:
2314:– via National Archives.
2290:
1890:Independence Day (Philippines)
1780:Independence Day (Philippines)
1536:2000 campaign against the MILF
1041:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
895:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
13:
1:
2283:
2227:, president from 1961 to 1965
2178:, president from 1957 to 1961
2095:, president from 1953 to 1957
2023:, president from 1948 to 1953
1941:, president from 1946 to 1948
1200:Battles of La Naval de Manila
656:
639:
3447:Business process outsourcing
1995:British North Borneo Company
1949:as Senate President. In the
1795:Proclamation of independence
1051:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
660:
647:
547:1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash
508:Inauguration of Manuel Roxas
242:Languages of the Philippines
7:
2947:Treaty of General Relations
2791:Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984).
2348:– via United Nations.
2258:declared independence from
1904:declaration of independence
1823:Philippine Independence Act
1770:Recognition of independence
1541:2nd People Power Revolution
1531:1997 Asian financial crisis
1265:Declaration of Independence
652:
643:
33:Republic of the Philippines
10:
4010:
2819:February 11, 2013, at the
2465:Edward Lansdale's Cold War
2233:1961 presidential election
1887:
1813:Republic Day (Philippines)
1806:
1773:
1270:American capture of Manila
3989:Third Philippine Republic
3924:
3843:
3728:
3562:
3553:
3432:
3423:
3239:
3230:
3112:
3103:
3036:
3005:
2996:
2836:; Gray, Marvin M (1956).
2713:The Sydney Morning Herald
2462:Nashel, Jonathan (2005).
2375:Jenkins, Shirley (1954).
2156:survived. Vice President
1999:Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi
1758:that covered much of the
1150:Spanish capture of Manila
753:
691:
679:
669:
632:
614:
599:
595:
582:
569:
556:
543:
530:
517:
504:
491:
487:
479:
464:
449:
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423:
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399:
387:
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371:
361:
357:
345:
333:
321:
309:
297:
293:
283:
265:
247:
234:
216:
206:
184:
168:
152:
127:
113:
79:
74:
31:
18:Third Philippine Republic
3351:House of Representatives
3244:Administrative divisions
2776:Abueva, Jose V. (1971).
2751:Owen, Norman G. (2010).
2361:Commonwealth Act No. 733
1884:Independence Day shifted
1774:Not to be confused with
1610:Administrative divisions
1325:American colonial period
1245:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
1081:Butuan Silver Paleograph
1066:Batanes Ijang fortresses
1009:Sultanate of Maguindanao
880:Cordillera Rice Terraces
474:House of Representatives
1980:was transferred by the
1924:Philippine Republic Day
1809:Treaty of Manila (1946)
1505:People Power Revolution
1285:Philippine–American War
1119:Spanish colonial period
278:constitutional republic
217:Official languages
119:
40:
3948:Philippines portal
3492:Science and technology
2406:Brands, H. W. (1992).
2228:
2179:
2096:
2024:
1942:
1804:
1796:
1714:Philippines portal
1690:Science and technology
1307:UST Baybayin Documents
1255:Treaty of Paris (1898)
833:Austronesian expansion
818:Early hominin activity
794:
56:República de Filipinas
55:
41:Republika ng Pilipinas
3903:Sport and martial art
3319:Executive departments
2941:Mutual Defense Treaty
2581:Republic Act No. 4166
2443:on September 20, 2019
2223:
2198:Filipino First policy
2174:
2135:Philippines Air Force
2091:
2019:
1991:State of North Borneo
1987:State of North Borneo
1937:
1802:
1794:
1635:Cultural achievements
1459:Filipino First policy
1449:Mutual Defense Treaty
1403:Philippine resistance
1235:Philippine Revolution
1195:Spanish–Moro conflict
1185:Revolts and uprisings
1071:Golden Tara of Agusan
793:
3768:Fashion and clothing
3609:Environmental issues
3536:Water and sanitation
3373:Regional Trial Court
3218:World Heritage Sites
2644:on February 10, 2017
2610:on February 10, 2017
2237:economic development
1916:Spanish–American War
1908:Battle of Manila Bay
1695:World Heritage Sites
1561:Territorial disputes
1464:North Borneo dispute
1454:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1418:Philippines campaign
1413:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1393:Battle of Corregidor
1368:Tydings–McDuffie Act
1260:Battle of Manila Bay
1250:Spanish–American War
858:Precolonial barangay
3758:Cultural properties
3524:Tourist attractions
3071:Japanese occupation
2838:The Magsaysay Story
2554:Positive News Media
2302:. August 15, 2016.
1840:. For example, the
1556:Philippine drug war
1518:Contemporary period
1485:Communist rebellion
1383:Japanese occupation
1348:Military Government
1302:Doctrina Christiana
1210:Propaganda Movement
1165:Spanish East Indies
1155:Battle of Bangkusay
1101:Magellan expedition
1019:Sultanates of Lanao
1014:Sultanate of Buayan
3773:Historical markers
3631:Indigenous peoples
3507:Telecommunications
3281:Political families
3122:Biosphere reserves
2437:The New York Times
2229:
2225:Diosdado Macapagal
2210:Diosdado Macapagal
2190:, to a full term.
2180:
2097:
2025:
1955:Nacionalista Party
1943:
1805:
1797:
1756:Diosdado Macapagal
1358:Insular Government
1343:Zamboanga Republic
1240:Tejeros Convention
1230:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1215:1872 Cavite mutiny
923:Precolonial period
863:Maritime Silk Road
838:Angono Petroglyphs
810:Prehistoric period
795:
418:Diosdado Macapagal
352:Diosdado Macapagal
3966:
3965:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3830:Traditional games
3665:Income inequality
3648:Human trafficking
3549:
3548:
3512:Telephone numbers
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3286:Political parties
3259:Foreign relations
3226:
3225:
3099:
3098:
3084:Marcos presidency
3075:Postcolonial era
2834:Romulo, Carlos P.
2762:978-9971-69-328-2
2737:on July 29, 2008.
2731:Malacañang Museum
2727:"Manuel A. Roxas"
2475:978-1-61376-141-0
2128:Malacañang Palace
1792:
1748:
1747:
1595:Ancient religions
1576:COVID-19 pandemic
1431:Post-independence
1170:Captaincy General
1046:Butuan Ivory Seal
1024:Sultanate of Sulu
905:Prehistoric beads
763:
762:
749:
748:
745:
744:
725:
724:
591:December 30, 1965
578:December 30, 1961
539:December 30, 1953
425:• 1961–1965
413:• 1957–1961
401:• 1953–1957
389:• 1949–1953
377:• 1946–1948
347:• 1961–1965
335:• 1957–1961
323:• 1953–1957
311:• 1948–1953
299:• 1946–1948
201:
194:
145:
16:(Redirected from
4001:
3956:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3726:
3725:
3680:Overseas workers
3602:Higher education
3560:
3559:
3430:
3429:
3368:Court of Appeals
3324:Executive office
3292:
3291:
3237:
3236:
3110:
3109:
3051:Pre-colonial era
3003:
3002:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2915:
2914:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2852:
2843:
2841:
2830:
2824:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2733:. Archived from
2723:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2681:. Archived from
2680:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2637:. Archived from
2636:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2603:. Archived from
2602:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:on July 24, 2011
2556:. Archived from
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2525:. Archived from
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2439:. Archived from
2428:
2422:
2421:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:on July 23, 2011
2339:
2333:. Archived from
2332:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2294:
2278:Ferdinand Marcos
2275:Senate President
2256:Emilio Aguinaldo
2176:Carlos P. Garcia
2158:Carlos P. Garcia
2124:Marxist–Leninist
1900:Emilio Aguinaldo
1896:Independence Day
1793:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1444:Treaty of Manila
1388:Battle of Bataan
1333:Tagalog Republic
1275:Malolos Congress
1220:La Liga Filipina
1205:British invasion
1175:Tondo Conspiracy
1145:Blockade of Cebu
1106:Battle of Mactan
1030:Events/Artifacts
933:(north to south)
869:Events/Artifacts
853:Sa Huỳnh culture
783:
765:
764:
741:
740:
729:
728:
716:
715:
709:
708:
693:
692:
662:
658:
654:
649:
645:
641:
623:
495:Treaty of Manila
406:Carlos P. Garcia
340:Carlos P. Garcia
236:Spoken languages
202:
199:
192:
173:
164:
147:
146:
129:
124:
101:
87:
66:
58:
51:
43:
29:
28:
21:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3942:
3940:
3912:
3839:
3808:Public holidays
3724:
3653:Sex trafficking
3545:
3411:
3329:Law enforcement
3290:
3222:
3186:Protected areas
3095:
3064:American period
3032:
2992:
2986:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2891:Karnow, Stanley
2888:
2884:
2869:10.2307/2753186
2857:Pacific Affairs
2853:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2821:Wayback Machine
2804:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2749:
2742:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2529:on May 12, 2009
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2373:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2218:
2169:
2150:Mount Manunggal
2105:Elpidio Quirino
2093:Ramon Magsaysay
2086:
2078:Ramon Magsaysay
2021:Elpidio Quirino
2014:
2006:Elpidio Quirino
1978:Mangsee Islands
1932:
1914:that ended the
1912:Treaty of Paris
1892:
1886:
1870:Elpidio Quirino
1866:Ramon Magsaysay
1858:Edward Lansdale
1847:William Clayton
1827:Harry S. Truman
1815:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1744:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1640:Diet and health
1589:
1581:
1580:
1566:Siege of Marawi
1521:
1510:
1509:
1500:Fourth Republic
1480:
1469:
1468:
1434:
1423:
1422:
1398:Second Republic
1338:Negros Republic
1328:
1317:
1316:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1056:Kabayan Mummies
926:
915:
914:
823:Homo luzonensis
813:
782:the Philippines
781:
774:
738:
713:
665:
618:
604:Philippine peso
588:
575:
562:
549:
536:
523:
510:
497:
470:
455:
430:Emmanuel Pelaez
426:
414:
402:
390:
382:Elpidio Quirino
378:
348:
336:
328:Ramon Magsaysay
324:
316:Elpidio Quirino
312:
300:
258:
254:
227:
223:
195:
188:
180:
159:
148:
134:
131:
125:
121:Lupang Hinirang
109:
108:
107:
102:
94:
93:
88:
70:
69:
60:
45:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:Climate change
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3531:Transportation
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3499:
3497:Stock exchange
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3191:National parks
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3159:Extreme points
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3137:Climate change
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:Fifth Republic
3086:
3081:
3079:Third Republic
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:Spanish period
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991: articles
2985:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2922:External links
2920:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2882:
2863:(3): 261–274.
2844:
2825:
2798:
2783:
2768:
2761:
2740:
2718:
2699:
2688:on May 5, 2018
2664:
2655:
2621:
2587:
2571:
2540:
2512:
2481:
2474:
2454:
2423:
2416:
2398:
2391:
2367:
2351:
2317:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2269:Macapagal was
2264:Stanley Karnow
2217:
2214:
2168:
2165:
2109:barong tagalog
2085:
2082:
2033:Jose P. Laurel
2013:
2010:
1982:United Kingdom
1974:Turtle Islands
1931:
1928:
1888:Main article:
1885:
1882:
1862:Raymond Bonner
1842:Bell Trade Act
1771:
1768:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Historiography
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Communications
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1605:Queen consorts
1602:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Oakwood mutiny
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Fifth Republic
1522:
1520:(1986–present)
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Third Republic
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Moro Rebellion
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1280:First Republic
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:Manila galleon
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:Treaty of Cebu
1137:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Monreal Stones
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
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946:
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927:
921:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
808:
807:
804:
803:
797:
796:
786:
785:
776:
775:
768:
761:
760:
755:
751:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
735:
726:
723:
722:
717:
705:
704:
699:
689:
688:
683:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
650:
636:
634:
630:
629:
616:
612:
611:
601:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
583:
580:
579:
576:
570:
567:
566:
565:March 18, 1957
563:
557:
554:
553:
552:March 17, 1957
550:
544:
541:
540:
537:
531:
528:
527:
526:April 17, 1948
524:
518:
515:
514:
511:
505:
502:
501:
498:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
477:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
456:
450:
447:
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441:
437:
436:
433:
432:
427:
424:
421:
420:
415:
412:
409:
408:
403:
400:
397:
396:
394:Fernando Lopez
391:
388:
385:
384:
379:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
363:Vice President
359:
358:
355:
354:
349:
346:
343:
342:
337:
334:
331:
330:
325:
322:
319:
318:
313:
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307:
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287:
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263:
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249:
245:
244:
238:
232:
231:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
186:
182:
181:
177:Southeast Asia
174:
166:
165:
150:
149:
132:
111:
110:
103:
96:
95:
89:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
52:
36:
35:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4006:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3951:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3898:Sign language
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
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3850:
3848:
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3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
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3794:
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3779:
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3727:
3721:
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3713:
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3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:Ethnic groups
3624:
3620:
3619:Deforestation
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
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3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
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3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:National debt
3475:
3473:
3472:Fiscal policy
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
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3408:
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3388:
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3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Supreme Court
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
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3257:
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3209:
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3201:
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3188:
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3184:
3182:
3179:
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3170:
3167:
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3165:
3164:Island groups
3162:
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3147:
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3077:
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3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:Colonial era
3054:
3052:
3049:
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3044:
3043:
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3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
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2999:
2995:
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2954:
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2912:
2910:0-345-32816-7
2906:
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2736:
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2722:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2659:
2640:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2591:
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2555:
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2496:
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2466:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2417:0-19-507104-2
2413:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:0-8047-1139-9
2388:
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2371:
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2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2245:Nacionalistas
2242:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:Election 1961
2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Election 1957
2185:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:1953 election
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1959:Sergio Osmeña
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1838:U.S. Congress
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:United States
1814:
1810:
1801:
1781:
1777:
1767:
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1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Moro conflict
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
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1432:
1427:
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1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
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1359:
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1336:
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1326:
1321:
1320:
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1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
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1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
934:
930:
924:
919:
918:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
900:Manunggul Jar
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
806:
805:
802:
799:
798:
792:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
772:
767:
766:
759:
756:
754:Today part of
752:
736:
734:
731:
730:
727:
721:
718:
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
682:
681:ISO 3166 code
678:
674:
672:
668:
651:
638:
637:
635:
631:
627:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
581:
577:
574:
568:
564:
561:
555:
551:
548:
542:
538:
535:
529:
525:
522:
516:
512:
509:
503:
499:
496:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
463:
460:
457:
454:
448:
445:
442:
438:
434:
431:
428:
422:
419:
416:
410:
407:
404:
398:
395:
392:
386:
383:
380:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
344:
341:
338:
332:
329:
326:
320:
317:
314:
308:
305:
302:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
268:
264:
261:
257:
256:Protestantism
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
198:
193:(before 1948)
191:
187:
183:
178:
172:
167:
163:
158:
156:
151:
128:"Chosen Land"
123:
122:
116:
112:
106:
100:
92:
86:
78:
73:
64:
57:
53:
49:
42:
38:
37:
30:
27:
19:
3934:Bibliography
3863:Coat of arms
3835:Value system
3738:Architecture
3690:Prostitution
3587:Demographics
3457:Central bank
3400:Marine Corps
3380:Armed Forces
3264:Human rights
3249:Constitution
3198:Ramsar sites
3078:
2929:
2894:
2885:
2860:
2856:
2837:
2828:
2807:
2801:
2792:
2786:
2777:
2771:
2752:
2735:the original
2730:
2721:
2712:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2683:the original
2673:
2667:
2658:
2648:February 26,
2646:. Retrieved
2639:the original
2630:
2624:
2614:February 26,
2612:. Retrieved
2605:the original
2596:
2590:
2580:
2574:
2564:December 10,
2562:. Retrieved
2558:the original
2553:
2543:
2533:November 11,
2531:. Retrieved
2527:the original
2521:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2495:derechos.org
2494:
2484:
2464:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:the original
2436:
2426:
2407:
2401:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2354:
2344:December 10,
2342:. Retrieved
2335:the original
2326:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2298:
2292:
2268:
2249:
2230:
2203:
2195:
2192:
2181:
2162:
2139:
2132:
2113:
2098:
2075:
2064:
2062:corruption.
2060:
2049:
2038:
2029:Manuel Roxas
2026:
2003:
1971:
1963:
1947:Manuel Roxas
1944:
1939:Manuel Roxas
1920:
1893:
1855:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1816:
1759:
1749:
1438:
1430:
1378:World War II
1373:Commonwealth
1290:
1289:
1124:
1091:Barter rings
1029:
1028:
932:
931:
928:
890:Kalanay Cave
868:
867:
848:Jade culture
702:Succeeded by
701:
696:
513:July 4, 1946
500:July 4, 1946
304:Manuel Roxas
275:presidential
207:Largest city
200:(after 1948)
153:
114:
105:Coat of arms
26:
3660:Immigration
3462:Child labor
3437:Agriculture
3407:Coast Guard
3341:Legislative
3276:Legal codes
3149:Earthquakes
3013:Archaeology
2989:Philippines
2692:January 15,
2505:January 23,
2447:January 24,
2184:plane crash
2154:Nestor Mata
2073:or PEFTOK.
1874:Claro Recto
1752:Philippines
1620:Archaeology
1615:Agriculture
1495:Martial law
1479:(1965–1986)
1433:(1946–1965)
1327:(1898–1946)
1312:Velarde map
1297:Boxer Codex
1121:(1565–1898)
910:Shell tools
885:Grave goods
780:History of
758:Philippines
697:Preceded by
633:Date format
468:Lower house
453:Upper house
440:Legislature
252:Catholicism
197:Quezon City
3973:Categories
3883:Great Seal
3820:Psychology
3783:Literature
3778:Inventions
3577:Corruption
3572:Censorship
3442:Automotive
3303:Executive
3296:Government
3154:Ecoregions
3046:Prehistory
3038:Chronology
2284:References
2067:Korean War
2056:Luis Taruc
2052:communists
2045:First Lady
1967:Hukbalahap
1807:See also:
1571:Bangsamoro
1477:Marcos era
1408:Hukbalahap
1086:Piloncitos
925:(900–1565)
267:Government
155:Great Seal
126:(English:
3813:Festivals
3798:Mythology
3710:Squatting
3705:Sexuality
3675:Languages
3597:Education
3541:ZIP codes
3385:Air Force
3334:President
3254:Elections
3208:Volcanoes
3181:Mountains
3105:Geography
3028:Political
3006:Overviews
2930:Frontline
2310:August 9,
2142:Cebu City
1665:Languages
1655:Geography
1645:Education
1630:Conflicts
1363:Jones Law
1291:Artifacts
1225:Katipunan
1160:New Spain
828:Tabon Man
812:(pre-900)
671:Drives on
615:Time zone
285:President
248:Religion
75:1946–1965
3958:Category
3888:Language
3700:Religion
3695:Refugees
3638:Genetics
3567:Abortion
3502:Taxation
3358:Judicial
3232:Politics
3213:Wildlife
3142:Typhoons
3023:Military
2893:(1989).
2817:Archived
2675:Republic
2499:Archived
2304:Archived
2116:Cold War
1685:Politics
1675:Military
1670:Medicine
1588:By topic
1546:EDSA III
1061:Baybayin
1036:Maragtas
1004:Sanmalan
984:Madja-as
939:Caboloan
875:Balangay
801:Timeline
771:a series
769:Part of
600:Currency
444:Congress
221:Filipino
48:Filipino
3929:Outline
3845:Symbols
3753:Cuisine
3730:Culture
3685:Poverty
3670:Kinship
3592:Divorce
3555:Society
3519:Tourism
3425:Economy
3307:Cabinet
3169:islands
3132:Climate
3127:Borders
3018:Economy
2998:History
2877:2753186
2231:In the
2099:In the
1650:Economy
1135:Sandugo
1096:Luzones
989:Dapitan
959:Maynila
954:Namayan
584:•
571:•
558:•
545:•
532:•
519:•
506:•
493:•
480:History
466:•
451:•
272:Unitary
229:English
225:Spanish
185:Capital
115:Anthem:
63:Spanish
3873:Flower
3853:Anthem
3825:Sports
3748:Cinema
3643:Health
3467:Energy
3452:Census
3346:Senate
3203:Rivers
2907:
2875:
2759:
2472:
2414:
2389:
1600:Rulers
1125:Events
999:Butuan
979:Sandao
974:Pulilu
964:Ibalon
944:Cainta
773:on the
622:+08:00
483:
459:Senate
367:
289:
211:Manila
190:Manila
117:
59:
44:
3893:Motto
3793:Music
3788:Media
3763:Dance
3720:Pinoy
3715:Women
3582:Crime
3482:Labor
3312:lists
3176:Lakes
2873:JSTOR
2686:(PDF)
2679:(PDF)
2642:(PDF)
2635:(PDF)
2608:(PDF)
2601:(PDF)
2338:(PDF)
2331:(PDF)
2260:Spain
2041:Vicky
1860:. As
1680:Names
949:Tondo
675:right
260:Islam
3908:Tree
3868:Flag
3858:Bird
3803:Name
3743:Arts
3487:Peso
3395:Navy
3390:Army
3269:LGBT
3117:Bays
2928:PBS
2905:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2694:2020
2650:2017
2616:2017
2566:2008
2535:2009
2507:2018
2470:ISBN
2449:2018
2412:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2346:2007
2312:2019
2241:peso
2146:C-47
1976:and
1817:The
1811:and
994:Cebu
969:Ma-i
661:yyyy
648:yyyy
240:See
91:Flag
3878:Gem
2901:365
2865:doi
2273:by
1993:'s
1902:'s
1880:"
1778:or
626:PST
620:UTC
3975::
2903:.
2871:.
2861:35
2859:.
2847:^
2743:^
2729:.
2711:.
2552:.
2493:.
2435:.
2385:.
2383:62
2080:.
2047:.
2008:.
1926:.
1918:.
1766:.
686:PH
657:mm
653:dd
644:dd
640:mm
2981:e
2974:t
2967:v
2913:.
2879:.
2867::
2823:.
2810:.
2765:.
2568:.
2509:.
2478:.
2451:.
2420:.
2395:.
1782:.
1739:e
1732:t
1725:v
659:-
655:-
646:/
642:/
628:)
624:(
610:)
608:₱
606:(
179:.
157::
130:)
65:)
61:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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