2054:
270:, i.e., that Christ had one will (that is, that there was no opposition in Christ between his human and divine volition). This doctrine was accepted in most of the Byzantine world. Still, it was opposed in Jerusalem and Rome and started a controversy that persisted even after the loss of the reconquered provinces and the death of Heraclius. When Heraclius' grandson Constans II took the throne, he saw the controversy as threatening the stability of the Empire and
31:
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that condemned monoenergism and monothelitism. At
Constantinople in around 653, some accused the Pope of supporting revolution; this was regarded as high treason, and Martin was accordingly arrested, tried, condemned and sent into exile, where he soon died. Martin and Maximus's position was supported
362:) by a few priests and bishops. In its opening session, the council assumed the authority of an ecumenical council. The emperor attended and presided over the first eleven sessions, participated in the discussions, and returned for the closing session on 16 September 681, attended by 151 bishops.
346:
On 7 November 680, a mere 37 bishops and several presbyters convened in the imperial palace, the domed hall called the
Trullus. The patriarchs of Constantinople and Antioch participated in person. In contrast, the patriarchates of Alexandria and
409:
At some point during the council's proceedings, a
Monothelite priest claimed he could raise the dead, thereby proving his faith supreme. He had a corpse brought forth, but after whispering prayers into its ears, he could not revive the body.
322:
Then he sent a delegation to meet the
Easterners at Constantinople. The delegates set out bearing two letters, one from Pope Agatho to the Emperor and the other from the bishops of the Rome synod to those gathered in Constantinople.
406:. In his letter of confirmation of the council, Leo accuses, "Honorius who did not attempt to sanctify this Apostolic Church with the teaching of Apostolic tradition, but by profane treachery permitted its purity to be polluted".
365:
During the council, a letter by Pope Agatho was read, which asserted the traditional belief of the Church that Christ was of two wills, divine and human. Most of the bishops present accepted the letter, proclaiming that
311:, agreed to the Emperor's suggestion and ordered councils held throughout the West so that legates could present the tradition of the Western Church. There was a synod in Milan under Archbishop Mausuetus;
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262:, which was particularly strong in Syria and Egypt, by proposing a moderate theological position that had as good support in the tradition as any other. The result was first
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possessed two energies and two wills but that the human will was 'in subjection to his divine and all-powerful will'. The council carefully avoided any mention of
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conquest, there was, at this date, no patriarch in either of these sees). The Pope and a council he had held in Rome were represented (as was customary at eastern
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and four previous patriarchs of
Constantinople. When the council had concluded, the decrees were sent to Rome where they were accepted by Agatho's successor,
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Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
1757:
1832:
644:"Concilium Universale Constantinopolitanum Tertium", in Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, ser. 2, II.1–2. ed. R. Riedinger (Berlin 1990 and 1992).
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319:, Archbishop of Canterbury presided. Pope Agatho then convened a synod at Rome at Easter 680, with representatives from the regional synods.
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258:). Heraclius had set out to recover much of the part of his empire lost to the Persians and had attempted to bridge the controversy with
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The council settled a set of theological controversies that went back to the sixth century but had intensified under the emperors
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Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from
Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752
518:
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from
Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752
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134:
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282:, the foremost opponents of monothelitism (which they interpreted as denying a human faculty of will to Christ), held a
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but was condemned and deposed, along with his partisans. The council, in keeping with Agatho's letter, defined that
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338:, a Byzantine appointee permanently resident in Constantinople because of the Muslim occupation of his see.
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suggesting a conference on the matter. When the letter reached Rome, Donus had died. Still, his successor,
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266:, i.e., that Christ, though existing in two natures (divine and human), had one energy; the second was
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The
Byzantine Christ: Person, Nature, and Will in the Christology of Saint Maximus the Confessor
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spoke through Agatho, though this council also proclaimed another historical pope as anathema.
283:
144:
Perhaps 300; signatories to the documents ranged from 43 (first session) to 174 (last session)
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478:, Volume 1, transl. Richard Price and Michael Gaddis (Liverpool University Press, 2005), 55.
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Miniature 45 from the
Constantine Manasses Chronicle, 14 century: Sixth Ecumenical Council
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685:
The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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1220:
303:, he immediately set his sights on restoring communion with Rome: he wrote to
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Will, Action and Freedom: Christological Controversies in the Seventh Century
391:
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Credo: Historical and Theological Guide to Creeds and Confessions of Faith
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742:
Original text taken from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at
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771:
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2574:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
1677:
1291:
913:
783:
352:
3047:
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1843:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1286:
1196:
1101:
682:
Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.
395:
355:
274:
by outlawing speaking either in favor or against the doctrine.
207:
3595:
398:
and included those who had supported this heresy, including
386:, who was still regarded with suspicion. It condemned both
606:
Kelly, Joseph F. "Chapter Three: The Byzantine Councils."
16:
6th Ecumenical Council of the Christian churches (680–681)
1732:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
608:
The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History
445:, ed. Jaroslav Pelikan (Yale University Press, 2013), 15.
351:
were represented by Byzantine appointees (because of the
2282:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
534:
4213:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
751:
Catholic Encyclopedia: Third Council of Constantinople
743:
1763:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
760:
597:
London : Catholic Truth Society, 1907. p. 114.
595:
Chapman, John. "The Condemnation of Pope Honorius".
836:
4275:
1833:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
717:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
455:
453:
451:
439:Continuity and Change in Creed and Confessions
2612:
2097:
822:
610:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 2009. p. 59.
448:
630:. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
287:by others at the Council of Constantinople.
2626:
703:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
492:. Georgetown University Press. p. 60.
2619:
2605:
2104:
2090:
1848:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
1798:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
829:
815:
713:
675:
623:
540:
171:Chronological list of ecumenical councils
2478:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
512:
490:Saints and Feasts of the Liturgical Year
315:was held in 680 at Hatfield, over which
4037:Fostering of early experimental science
2578:
2111:
654:
582:A History of the Councils of the Church
553:
551:
549:
487:
330:and all bishops of his jurisdiction of
4276:
4141:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
466:(Rutgers University Press, 1995), 127.
326:In the meantime, Constantine summoned
2600:
2085:
810:
301:Muslim siege of Constantinople in 678
155:, the human and divine wills of Jesus
546:
476:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon
328:Patriarch George I of Constantinople
135:Patriarch George I of Constantinople
1702:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
714:Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).
295:After Constans' son and successor,
13:
1257:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
14:
4325:
4289:Church councils in Constantinople
735:
2506:State church of the Roman Empire
2064:
2052:
1383:Fourth Council of Constantinople
1338:Second Council of Constantinople
794:
782:
770:
89:Second Council of Constantinople
29:
4299:First seven ecumenical councils
2337:First seven ecumenical councils
2201:First seven ecumenical councils
2121:First seven ecumenical councils
1353:Third Council of Constantinople
1277:First Council of Constantinople
756:Third Council of Constantinople
746:, which is in the public domain
617:
600:
584:, T. & T. Clark, 1896, §313
334:to a council. He also summoned
290:
272:attempted to silence discussion
253:
242:
198:, met in 680–681 and condemned
194:Churches, and by certain other
180:Third Council of Constantinople
24:Third Council of Constantinople
4000:Separation of church and state
3669:Formal and material principles
3654:Separation of church and state
1592:Dissolution of the monasteries
858:History of the Catholic Church
701:History of the Byzantine State
624:Bathrellos, Demetrios (2004).
588:
573:
506:
481:
469:
464:History of the Byzantine State
432:
341:
1:
3664:Hymnody of continental Europe
2815:Apostles in the New Testament
1466:Fourth Council of the Lateran
1441:Second Council of the Lateran
1050:Apostles in the New Testament
425:
336:Patriarch Macarius of Antioch
225:
165:Condemnation of Monothelitism
161:Documents and statements
4294:680s in the Byzantine Empire
1580:Catholic Counter-Reformation
1446:Third Council of the Lateran
1436:First Council of the Lateran
892:Catholic ecumenical councils
7:
4304:7th-century church councils
3112:Eastern Orthodox opposition
720:. Oxford University Press.
488:Tylenda, Joseph N. (2003).
413:
10:
4330:
3129:Art patronage of Julius II
926:History of the Roman Curia
647:Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007.
229:
4221:
4056:
3975:
3904:
3839:
3761:
3692:
3632:Calvinist–Arminian debate
3606:
3373:
3256:
3092:
2983:
2865:
2763:
2652:
2634:
2572:
2554:Conference of Addis Ababa
2469:
2422:
2367:
2322:
2188:
2119:
2047:
1947:
1813:
1740:
1675:
1662:European wars of religion
1559:
1494:
1396:
1318:
1209:
1132:
992:
981:
973:Eastern Catholic Churches
848:
580:Hefele, Karl Joseph von.
169:
159:
148:
140:
130:
119:
94:
82:
48:
40:
28:
23:
4121:Christian existentialism
2371:Oriental Orthodox Church
1793:Mary of the Divine Heart
1416:Clash against the empire
1368:Second Council of Nicaea
1262:Old St. Peter's Basilica
661:. Leiden-Boston: BRILL.
184:Sixth Ecumenical Council
104:Second Council of Nicaea
75:Some Protestant churches
2628:History of Christianity
2546:Synod of Constantinople
2327:Eastern Orthodox Church
2059:Vatican City portal
1411:Investiture Controversy
1267:First Council of Nicaea
655:Hovorun, Cyril (2008).
566:6 February 2006 at the
61:Eastern Orthodox Church
4189:Fourth Great Awakening
4076:Second Great Awakening
3315:Fall of Constantinople
3107:Development of primacy
2071:Catholicism portal
1882:Second Vatican Council
1768:Our Lady of La Salette
1575:Protestant Reformation
1562:Protestant Reformation
1481:Second Council of Lyon
870:Ecclesiastical history
560:Popes Through the Ages
557:Joseph Brusher, S.J.,
4184:Reformed epistemology
4126:Third Great Awakening
4096:Seventh-day Adventist
4017:First Great Awakening
3890:Book of Common Prayer
3684:Protestant work ethic
3227:Independent Catholics
3178:Monastery dissolution
1778:First Vatican Council
1476:First Council of Lyon
1240:Constantine the Great
936:Christian monasticism
699:Ostrogorsky, George.
420:Boniface Consiliarius
384:Maximus the Confessor
4007:Edicts of toleration
3816:Three Forms of Unity
3581:Bohemian Reformation
3154:Catholic Reformation
3011:Roman state religion
2830:Council of Jerusalem
2562:Pan-Orthodox Council
1955:Sexual abuse scandal
1864:Mit brennender Sorge
1707:Age of Enlightenment
1486:Bernard of Clairvaux
1363:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1302:Council of Chalcedon
1082:Council of Jerusalem
951:Role in civilization
931:Religious institutes
863:By country or region
284:synod in Rome in 649
222:(divine and human).
112:(Orthodox numbering)
106:(Catholic numbering)
4179:Liberation theology
4086:Jehovah's Witnesses
3919:Radical Reformation
3647:Resistance theories
3534:Christian mysticism
3529:Early Scholasticism
3241:Ecclesial community
3139:Counter-Reformation
3004:Constantinian shift
2459:Synod of Beth Lapat
2113:Ecumenical councils
1783:Papal infallibility
1773:Our Lady of Lourdes
1722:Shimabara Rebellion
1566:Counter-Reformation
744:http://www.ccel.org
520:. Lexington Books.
514:Ekonomou, Andrew J.
372:Macarius of Antioch
360:ecumenical councils
71:Old Catholic Church
4253:Oriental Orthodoxy
3896:King James Version
3708:Ninety-five Theses
3504:Apostolic Brethren
3278:Church of the East
3273:Oriental Orthodoxy
3119:Crusading movement
2639:Early Christianity
2538:Synod of Jerusalem
2451:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
2426:Church of the East
2170:Constantinople III
1828:Our Lady of Fátima
1617:Ignatius of Loyola
1541:Catherine of Siena
1509:Pope Boniface VIII
1328:Benedict of Nursia
1297:Council of Ephesus
1134:Ante-Nicene period
1087:Split with Judaism
921:Crusading movement
651:. Lexington Books.
460:George Ostrogorsky
66:Anglican Communion
4284:Heraclian dynasty
4271:
4270:
4248:Eastern Orthodoxy
4116:Finnish Awakening
4071:Holiness movement
4012:Congregationalism
3971:
3970:
3831:Metrical psalters
3268:Eastern Orthodoxy
3212:Neo-Scholasticism
2919:Canon development
2820:Jewish Christians
2594:
2593:
2522:Quinisext Council
2423:Recognized by the
2368:Recognized by the
2345:Constantinople IV
2323:Recognized by the
2208:Constantinople IV
2190:Recognized by the
2162:Constantinople II
2079:
2078:
2039:COVID-19 pandemic
2017:Pope Benedict XVI
1922:Pope John Paul II
1697:Pope Benedict XIV
1683:French Revolution
1667:Thirty Years' War
1657:Robert Bellarmine
1642:John of the Cross
1546:Pope Alexander VI
1531:Council of Vienne
1461:Francis of Assisi
1451:Pope Innocent III
1320:Early Middle Ages
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1252:Arian controversy
1205:
1204:
1153:Apostolic Fathers
692:978-0-88-141056-3
527:978-0-7391-1977-8
299:had overcome the
182:, counted as the
176:
175:
110:Quinisext Council
4321:
3690:
3689:
3077:Non-Chalcedonian
3058:Constantinople I
2850:General epistles
2845:Pauline epistles
2825:Paul the Apostle
2803:Great Commission
2621:
2614:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2585:
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2443:Constantinople I
2438:
2415:
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2399:
2391:
2388:Constantinople I
2383:
2360:
2356:Constantinople V
2350:
2339:
2329:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2138:Constantinople I
2133:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2034:Patriarch Kirill
1907:Pope John Paul I
1712:Anti-clericalism
1692:Pope Innocent XI
1612:Society of Jesus
1597:Council of Trent
1551:Age of Discovery
1496:Late Middle Ages
1398:High Middle Ages
1388:East–West Schism
1272:Pope Sylvester I
1218:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1117:General epistles
1112:Pauline epistles
1045:John the Baptist
1028:Great Commission
990:
989:
941:Catholic culture
831:
824:
817:
808:
807:
799:
798:
797:
787:
786:
775:
774:
766:
731:
696:
677:Meyendorff, John
672:
641:
611:
604:
598:
592:
586:
577:
571:
555:
544:
538:
532:
531:
510:
504:
503:
485:
479:
473:
467:
457:
446:
436:
257:
255:
246:
244:
196:Western Churches
188:Eastern Orthodox
120:Convoked by
84:Previous council
49:Accepted by
33:
21:
20:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4217:
4204:Christian right
4106:Oxford Movement
4081:Restorationists
4052:
3967:
3900:
3835:
3786:Presbyterianism
3757:
3737:Book of Concord
3688:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3369:
3259:
3252:
3088:
2987:
2979:
2938:Clement of Rome
2868:
2861:
2765:
2759:
2648:
2630:
2625:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2504:
2492:
2476:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2342:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2199:
2192:Catholic Church
2191:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2115:
2110:
2080:
2075:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2043:
1965:World Youth Day
1943:
1932:World Youth Day
1876:Pacem in terris
1870:Pope John XXIII
1809:
1736:
1727:Edict of Nantes
1685:
1681:
1671:
1637:Teresa of Ávila
1632:Tridentine Mass
1568:
1564:
1555:
1536:Knights Templar
1490:
1392:
1348:Gregorian chant
1306:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1201:
1128:
997:
985:
977:
844:
842:Catholic Church
835:
805:
795:
793:
781:
769:
761:
738:
728:
693:
669:
638:
620:
615:
614:
605:
601:
593:
589:
578:
574:
568:Wayback Machine
556:
547:
541:Siecienski 2010
539:
535:
528:
511:
507:
500:
486:
482:
474:
470:
458:
449:
437:
433:
428:
416:
400:Pope Honorius I
344:
293:
252:
241:
234:
228:
162:
115:
97:
85:
78:
56:Catholic Church
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4327:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4169:Pentecostalism
4166:
4164:Jesus movement
4161:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3955:Martyrs Mirror
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Martyrs' Synod
3936:
3931:
3929:Swiss Brethren
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Law and Gospel
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:Ottoman Empire
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3084:Biblical canon
3081:
3080:
3079:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2985:Late antiquity
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2933:Church Fathers
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2530:Synod of Jassy
2526:
2518:
2502:
2490:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2280:Basel-Florence
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1853:Lateran Treaty
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1678:Baroque period
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Peter Canisius
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Francis Xavier
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1586:Exsurge Domine
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Pope Clement V
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:Avignon Papacy
1514:Western Schism
1511:
1506:
1504:Thomas Aquinas
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Saint Boniface
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:Pope Gregory I
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:Biblical canon
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1211:Late antiquity
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Pope Clement I
1148:Church Fathers
1145:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1004:
1002:
987:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
954:
953:
948:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
917:
916:
911:
909:Biblical canon
904:Catholic Bible
901:
900:
899:
889:
888:
887:
877:
872:
867:
866:
865:
854:
852:
846:
845:
834:
833:
826:
819:
811:
804:
803:
791:
779:
759:
758:
753:
748:
737:
736:External links
734:
733:
732:
726:
711:
697:
691:
673:
668:978-9004166660
667:
652:
645:
642:
637:978-0199258642
636:
619:
616:
613:
612:
599:
587:
572:
545:
533:
526:
505:
498:
480:
468:
447:
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
415:
412:
343:
340:
332:Constantinople
297:Constantine IV
292:
289:
256: 641–668
245: 610–641
230:Main article:
227:
224:
174:
173:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
125:Constantine IV
121:
117:
116:
114:
113:
107:
100:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4326:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:Protestantism
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Azusa Revival
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Laestadianism
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4048:Old Lutherans
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Diet of Worms
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3614:Protestantism
3609:
3605:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3365:North America
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
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3019:
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3009:
3005:
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3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2975:Early African
2973:
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2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Justin Martyr
2956:
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2799:
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2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:Life of Jesus
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:Apostolic Age
2762:
2756:
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2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Mother Teresa
1910:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
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1861:
1859:
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1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Pope Pius XII
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1804:Rerum novarum
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Pope Leo XIII
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:United States
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Pope Pius VII
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
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1723:
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1715:
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1598:
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1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:
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1573:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1552:
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1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Scholasticism
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Pope Urban II
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Justin Martyr
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:New Testament
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Commissioning
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:Apostolic Age
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
886:
885:Papal primacy
883:
882:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
813:
812:
809:
802:
792:
790:
785:
780:
778:
773:
768:
767:
764:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
745:
740:
739:
729:
727:9780195372045
723:
719:
718:
712:
710:
709:0-8135-0599-2
706:
702:
698:
694:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
664:
660:
659:
653:
650:
646:
643:
639:
633:
629:
628:
622:
621:
609:
603:
596:
591:
585:
583:
576:
569:
565:
562:
561:
554:
552:
550:
543:, p. 74.
542:
537:
529:
523:
519:
515:
509:
501:
499:0-87840-399-X
495:
491:
484:
477:
472:
465:
461:
456:
454:
452:
444:
440:
435:
431:
421:
418:
417:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:monothelitism
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:monothelitism
373:
369:
363:
361:
357:
354:
350:
339:
337:
333:
329:
324:
320:
318:
314:
313:another synod
310:
306:
302:
298:
288:
285:
281:
278:and the monk
277:
276:Pope Martin I
273:
269:
268:monothelitism
265:
261:
260:monophysitism
250:
239:
233:
232:Monothelitism
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:monothelitism
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
158:
154:
153:Monothelitism
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4174:Charismatics
4157:
4136:Gospel music
4066:Camp meeting
4058:1789–present
3990:Missionaries
3960:
3953:
3944:Menno Simons
3888:
3884:Church music
3735:
3706:
3591:Conciliarism
3576:Papal Schism
3418:Scandinavian
3310:Great Schism
3288:Nestorianism
3260:Christianity
3192:priest holes
3073:Chalcedonian
3036:Christianity
2990:Great Church
2798:Resurrection
2580:
2494:Great Church
2359:(1341–1351)*
2354:
2344:
2169:
2026:
2022:Pope Francis
1948:21st century
1897:Pope Paul VI
1874:
1862:
1815:20th century
1802:
1753:Pope Pius IX
1741:19th century
1717:Pope Pius VI
1584:
1456:Latin Empire
1426:Universities
1378:Pope Leo III
1352:
1245:Christianity
1230:state church
1222:Great Church
1023:Resurrection
986:(30–325/476)
983:Early Church
968:Latin Church
963:Papal States
958:Vatican City
789:Christianity
741:
716:
700:
681:
657:
648:
626:
618:Bibliography
607:
602:
590:
581:
575:
559:
536:
517:
508:
489:
483:
475:
471:
463:
442:
438:
434:
408:
388:monoenergism
380:Jesus Christ
364:
345:
325:
321:
294:
291:Preparations
264:monoenergism
235:
216:two energies
212:Jesus Christ
210:and defined
200:monoenergism
183:
179:
177:
96:Next council
18:
4263:Catholicism
4200:Protestants
4194:Evangelical
3869:39 Articles
3864:Elizabethan
3841:Anglicanism
3821:Westminster
3731:Melanchthon
3694:Lutheranism
3659:Nicodemites
3637:Arminianism
3608:Reformation
3549:Bonaventure
3524:Inquisition
3519:Waldensians
3469:Investiture
3447:Kievan Rus'
3403:Anglo-Saxon
3383:Pelagianism
3375:Middle Ages
3298:Iconodulism
3173:Thomas More
3094:Catholicism
3016:Monasticism
2999:Constantine
2924:Persecution
2882:Adoptionism
2867:Ante-Nicene
2810:Holy Spirit
2793:Crucifixion
2764:Origins and
2665:2nd and 3rd
2412:Ephesus III
2314:(1962–1965)
2306:(1869–1870)
2298:(1545–1563)
2290:(1512–1517)
2274:(1414–1418)
2266:(1311–1312)
2232:Lateran III
2028:Laudato si'
1823:Pope Pius X
1652:Philip Neri
1627:Pope Pius V
1602:Thomas More
1471:Inquisition
1373:Charlemagne
1333:Monasticism
1143:Persecution
1035:Holy Spirit
1018:Crucifixion
897:First seven
777:Catholicism
404:Pope Leo II
342:Proceedings
309:Pope Agatho
249:Constans II
4278:Categories
3985:Revivalism
3906:Anabaptism
3854:Henry VIII
3679:Literature
3303:Iconoclasm
3283:Chrysostom
3236:Vatican II
3202:Jansenists
3188:Mass rocks
3124:Lateran IV
3043:Athanasius
2963:Tertullian
2907:Marcionism
2902:Gnosticism
2855:Revelation
2773:Background
2404:Ephesus II
2312:Vatican II
2240:Lateran IV
2224:Lateran II
1901:coronation
1607:Pope Leo X
1192:Tertullian
1122:Revelation
1097:Background
426:References
305:Pope Donus
226:Background
214:as having
141:Attendance
4151:Ecumenism
4101:Adventism
4091:Mormonism
4027:Millerism
4022:Methodism
3977:1640–1789
3879:Civil War
3826:Orthodoxy
3781:Huguenots
3763:Calvinism
3748:Eucharist
3743:Orthodoxy
3627:Eucharist
3559:Five Ways
3509:Dulcinian
3462:Pomerania
3388:Gregory I
3232:Vatican I
3222:Modernism
3207:Molinists
3197:Guadalupe
3068:Chalcedon
3063:Ephesus I
3053:Augustine
2929:Apostolic
2912:Montanism
2877:Diversity
2653:Centuries
2347:(879–880)
2304:Vatican I
2288:Lateran V
2272:Constance
2216:Lateran I
2210:(869–870)
2178:Nicaea II
2172:(680–681)
2154:Chalcedon
1917:Communism
1887:Ecumenism
1233:(380–451)
1225:(180–451)
1214:(313–476)
1136:(100–325)
396:heretical
374:defended
349:Jerusalem
238:Heraclius
220:two wills
208:heretical
131:President
4243:Theology
4231:Missions
4226:Timeline
4198:Mainline
4146:Pacifism
3995:Baptists
3914:Theology
3874:Puritans
3849:Timeline
3791:Scotland
3719:Theology
3566:Wycliffe
3514:Crusades
3489:Bogomils
3442:Bulgaria
3398:Germanic
3350:Ethiopia
3248:Timeline
3026:Nicaea I
3021:Councils
2953:Irenaeus
2948:Ignatius
2943:Polycarp
2897:Donatism
2892:Docetism
2887:Arianism
2788:Ministry
2470:See also
2435:Nicaea I
2380:Nicaea I
2130:Nicaea I
1927:HIV/AIDS
1421:Crusades
1175:Irenaeus
1168:Ignatius
1163:Polycarp
1013:Ministry
1001:(30–100)
875:Timeline
679:(1989).
564:Archived
516:(2007).
414:See also
317:Theodore
192:Catholic
123:Emperor
4236:Martyrs
4032:Pietism
3962:Ausbund
3934:Müntzer
3859:Cranmer
3806:Baptism
3771:Zwingli
3622:Erasmus
3571:Avignon
3554:Aquinas
3544:Francis
3539:Dominic
3499:Cathars
3494:Bosnian
3484:Bernard
3479:Abelard
3452:Moravia
3437:Bohemia
3423:Iceland
3345:Serbian
3325:Georgia
3320:Armenia
3258:Eastern
3159:Jesuits
2835:Gospels
2783:Baptism
2396:Ephesus
2256:Lyon II
2146:Ephesus
1892:Judaism
1292:Vulgate
1102:Gospels
1077:Stephen
994:Origins
914:Vulgate
850:General
840:of the
838:History
801:History
763:Portals
353:Saracen
280:Maximus
186:by the
44:680–681
3924:Grebel
3776:Calvin
3702:Luther
3596:Synods
3474:Anselm
3457:Poland
3413:Gothic
3408:Franks
3393:Celtic
3360:Russia
3340:Syriac
3330:Greece
3217:Teresa
3164:Xavier
3102:Papacy
3048:Jerome
2968:Origen
2869:period
2644:Spread
2564:(2016)
2556:(1965)
2548:(1872)
2540:(1672)
2532:(1642)
2264:Vienne
2258:(1274)
2250:(1245)
2248:Lyon I
2242:(1215)
2234:(1179)
2226:(1139)
2218:(1123)
1858:Nazism
1680:to the
1287:Jerome
1197:Origen
880:Papacy
724:
707:
689:
665:
634:
524:
496:
356:Muslim
247:) and
149:Topics
4158:solae
4156:Five
3949:Smyth
3801:TULIP
3724:Bible
3432:Slavs
3335:Egypt
3293:Icons
3144:Trent
3134:Leo X
3031:Creed
2524:(692)
2496:(180–
2484:/155–
2461:(484)
2453:(410)
2445:(381)
2437:(325)
2414:(475)
2406:(449)
2398:(431)
2390:(381)
2382:(325)
2296:Trent
2180:(787)
2164:(553)
2156:(451)
2148:(431)
2140:(381)
2132:(325)
1960:Islam
1228:Roman
1187:Canon
1060:Peter
1008:Jesus
368:Peter
4208:left
4206:and
4196:and
4046:and
4044:Neo-
3811:Dort
3796:Knox
3642:Wars
3234:and
3190:and
3183:Wars
2840:Acts
2755:21st
2750:20th
2745:19th
2740:18th
2735:17th
2730:16th
2725:15th
2720:14th
2715:13th
2710:12th
2705:11th
2700:10th
2010:2023
2005:2019
2000:2016
1995:2013
1990:2011
1985:2008
1980:2005
1975:2002
1970:2000
1937:1995
1107:Acts
1070:Paul
1065:John
1040:Mary
722:ISBN
705:ISBN
687:ISBN
663:ISBN
632:ISBN
522:ISBN
494:ISBN
390:and
218:and
202:and
190:and
178:The
41:Date
4314:681
4309:680
3753:Art
3611:and
3586:Hus
3149:Art
2695:9th
2690:8th
2685:7th
2680:6th
2675:5th
2670:4th
2660:1st
2514:451
2510:380
2498:451
2486:314
996:and
946:Art
394:as
206:as
4280::
3075:/
2931:/
2482:50
548:^
462:,
450:^
441:,
254:r.
243:r.
2992:)
2988:(
2620:e
2613:t
2606:v
2516:)
2512:–
2508:(
2500:)
2488:)
2480:(
2349:*
2105:e
2098:t
2091:v
1903:)
1899:(
830:e
823:t
816:v
765::
730:.
695:.
671:.
640:.
570:.
530:.
502:.
251:(
240:(
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