113:
839:
691:
637:
886:
725:
136:
2200:
460:(short-tailed whipscorpions) formed a single order of arachnids, Pedipalpi. Pedipalpi was later divided into two orders, Amblypygi and Uropygi (or Uropygida). Schizomida was then split off from Uropygi into a separate order. The remainder has either continued to be called by the same name, Uropygi, possibly distinguished as Uropygi
1735:
Clouse, Ronald M.; Branstetter, Michael G.; Buenavente, Perry; Crowley, Louise M.; Czekanski‐Moir, Jesse; General, David
Emmanuel M.; et al. (2017). "First global molecular phylogeny and biogeographical analysis of two arachnid orders (Schizomida and Uropygi) supports a tropical Pangean origin
915:
The white young that hatch from the postembryos climb onto their mother's back and attach themselves there with special suckers. After the first moult, when they look like miniature adults but with bright red palps, they leave the burrow. The mother may live up to two more years. The young grow
871:. The prey is crushed between special teeth on the inside of the trochanters (the second segment of the "legs") of the front appendages. They are valuable in controlling the population of cockroaches and crickets.
969:. They usually dig burrows with their pedipalps, to which they transport their prey. They may also burrow under logs, rotting wood, rocks, and other natural debris. They prefer humid, dark places and avoid light.
809:
Like the related orders
Schizomida and Amblypygi, whip scorpions use only six legs for walking, with the first two legs serving as antennae-like sensory organs. All species also have very large scorpion-like
882:. The spermatophore is deposited on the ground and picked up by the female using her genital area. In some genera, the male then uses his pedipalps to push the spermatophore into her body.
776:
Whip scorpions range from 25 to 85 mm (1.0 to 3.3 in) in length, with most species having a body no longer than 30 mm (1.2 in); the largest species, of the genus
908:. The female refuses to eat and holds her opisthosoma in an upward arch so that the broodsac does not touch the ground for the next few months, as the eggs develop into
795:
could be the same size. Because of their legs, claws, and "whip", though, they can appear much larger, and the heaviest specimen weighed was 12.4 grams (0.44 oz).
466:, or called Thelyphonida. When the name Uropygi is used for the whip scorpions, the clade containing Uropygi and Schizomida may be called Thelyphonida, or Thelyphonida
878:(a united mass of sperm), which is transferred to the female following courtship behaviour, in which the male holds the ends of the female's first legs in his
1434:
322:. Both names, Uropygi and Thelyphonida, may be used either in a narrow sense for the order of whip scorpions, or in a broad sense which includes the order
2585:
1914:
1815:"The first whipspider (Arachnida: Amblypygi) and three new whipscorpions (Arachnida: Thelyphonida) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil"
1193:
568:
1177:
1237:
1215:
337:
first described a whip scorpion in 1758, although he did not distinguish it from what are now regarded as different kinds of arachnid, calling it
2928:
2828:
1957:
1226:
2854:
1314:, with final accent, can be an adjective meaning "murderous", but also a noun meaning "murderess"; Latreille did not account for the element
1166:
784:
2802:
369:", meaning "who kills". One name for the order, Thelyphonida, is based on Latreille's genus name. It was first used, as the French
2841:
472:
Conversely, when the name
Thelyphonida is used for the whip scorpions alone, the parent clade may be called Uropygi, or Uropygi
1528:
2933:
2032:
1977:
1932:
1897:
1887:
1870:
1797:
1372:
814:(pincers) but there is an additional large spine on each palpal tibia. They have one pair of median eyes at the front of the
2846:
1919:. Vol. II: The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa. Translated by Kiney, S. (English ed.). Springer. p. 103.
818:
and up till five pairs of lateral eyes on each side of the head, a pattern also found in scorpions. Whip scorpions have no
1357:
Catalogue of the
Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae
2233:
2060:
916:
slowly, going through four moults in about four years before reaching adulthood. They live for up to another four years.
1964:. 3rd Symposium of the European Association of Acarologists. Amsterdam, NL (published 1999). pp. 1–5, esp. p 5.
1280:
added to specify the broad sense. When these additions are omitted, the names
Uropygi and Thelyphonida are ambiguous.
310:
and possession of a whiplike tail, and "vinegaroon" refers to their ability when attacked to discharge an offensive,
1994:
2938:
2781:
2859:
2794:
1409:
1467:
1455:
802:
consists of 12 segments. The first segment forms a pedicel, and each of the next eight segments has dorsal
1638:
826:
when they are bothered. The acetic acid gives this spray a vinegar-like smell, giving rise to the common name
112:
984:
838:
247:
17:
822:
glands, but they have glands near the rear of their abdomen that can spray a combination of acetic acid and
806:. The last three segments are fused into closed rings that ends with the flagellum, made up of 30-40 units.
2173:
2953:
2948:
2724:
2085:(Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae), with a redescription based on new material from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal"
2729:
2128:
1391:
636:
2943:
376:
2089:
1405:
1400:
690:
1892:. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Vol. III. Oxford, UK: EOLSS Publications. p. 225.
1862:
1856:
352:
135:
2923:
971:
843:
1566:
1317:
896:
After a few months, the female will dig a large burrow and seal herself inside. Up to 40 eggs are
2226:
1738:
2885:
2692:
2654:
1442:
1295:
2880:
2143:
1652:
2895:
2872:
2833:
2763:
2701:
900:, within a membranous broodsac that preserves moisture and remains attached to the genital
2077:
2024:
2017:
975:, the giant whip scorpion, is found in more arid areas, including Arizona and New Mexico.
8:
946:
2219:
2110:
1938:
1837:
1615:
1588:
1459:
901:
260:
130:
1160:
In addition, seven extinct genera were accepted, two within the family
Thelyphonidae:
993:
accepted the following 16 extant genera, all placed in the family
Thelyphonidae:
909:
2867:
2750:
2545:
2205:
2056:
2028:
1973:
1928:
1893:
1866:
1841:
1793:
1755:
1720:
1703:
1620:
1368:
2114:
1942:
1523:
1504:
1485:
1463:
885:
724:
2918:
2755:
2628:
2102:
2094:
1965:
1920:
1829:
1747:
1715:
1610:
1600:
1537:
1451:
1360:
954:
789:
452:
The classification and scientific name used for whip scorpions varies. Originally,
383:
215:
1704:"A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters"
1589:"Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders"
792:
2706:
897:
2789:
2776:
2633:
2537:
2527:
2522:
2382:
2357:
2292:
1109:
1099:
1049:
778:
200:
1969:
1924:
1833:
1541:
2912:
1759:
1290:
1262:
1149:
1089:
1019:
966:
875:
823:
815:
589:
584:
578:
548:
486:
462:
387:
334:
231:
70:
2677:
2563:
1624:
1435:"The neglected cousins: What do we know about the smaller arachnid orders?"
1069:
564:
240:
2716:
1364:
2815:
2686:
2550:
2514:
2267:
2142:. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entymology.
1885:
1673:
1647:
1509:
Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des
Crustacés et des Insectes
1490:
Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des
Crustacés et des Insectes
1119:
1059:
929:
905:
852:
799:
446:
357:
315:
177:
45:
863:, scorpions, and terrestrial isopods, but sometimes on worms and slugs.
2742:
2623:
2441:
2300:
1562:
1272:
1204:
1139:
1129:
1039:
1029:
962:
879:
868:
480:
474:
468:
457:
343:
323:
121:
90:
55:
2199:
2169:
1886:
Minelli, Alessandro; Contrafatto, Giancarlo, eds. (10 November 2009).
1751:
1605:
2820:
2482:
2419:
2365:
2330:
2313:
2261:
2106:
1009:
999:
937:
860:
606:
478:. The table below summarizes the two usages. When the qualifications
453:
438:
348:
167:
147:
95:
2807:
2648:
445:, a small plate made up of the last three segments of the abdominal
355:
was the first to use a genus name solely for whip scorpions, namely
2737:
2671:
2407:
2338:
2242:
2211:
1079:
951:
925:
811:
442:
307:
283:
187:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2098:
1814:
1734:
958:
593:
311:
100:
75:
2075:
1524:"On a new family and genus and two new species of Thelyphonidea"
2394:
2255:
1960:. In Bruin, J. Leo; van der Geest, P.S.; Sabelis, M.W. (eds.).
941:
933:
856:
803:
576:
Phylogenetic studies show the three groups, Amblypygi, Uropygi
490:
are omitted, the names
Uropygi and Thelyphonida are ambiguous.
157:
1822:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
1511:(in French). Vol. 7. Paris, FR: Dufart. pp. 130–132.
2768:
2495:
1916:
Multicellular Animals: The phylogenetic system of the metazoa
1315:
1307:
1293:
819:
422:
406:
2555:
1456:
10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0357:TNCWDW]2.0.CO;2
306:. The name "whip scorpion" refers to their resemblance to
2053:
Whipscorpions and Whipspiders: Culturing gentle monsters
1492:(in French). Vol. 3. Paris, FR: Dufart. p. 47.
2195:
2015:
Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S. & Barnes, R.D. (2004).
582:and Schizomida, to be closely related. The Uropygi
2016:
2046:
2044:
2008:
782:, can reach 85 mm (3.3 in). An extinct
382:The alternative name, Uropygi, was first used by
361:. Latreille later explained the name as meaning "
347:is now used as a name for a genus of harvestmen (
286:order comprising invertebrates commonly known as
2910:
2014:
1783:
1955:
1889:Biological Science Fundamentals and Systematics
2041:
1958:"Evolution and systematics of the Chelicerata"
1587:Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2014).
1270:may be added to specify the narrow sense, and
904:and the fifth segment of the mother's ventral
2227:
1812:
1586:
1813:Dunlop, Jason A.; Martill, David M. (2002).
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1114:Krehenwinkel, Curio, Tacud & Haupt, 2009
940:. Also, only a single species is known from
370:
363:
2076:Huff, Jeremy C.; Prendini, Lorenzo (2009).
1861:. Guinness World Records Limited. pp.
1792:] (in German). Westarp Wissenschaften.
919:
588:and Schizomida likely diverged in the late
431:
415:
399:
390:
379:in 1872 (with the spelling Thelyphonidea).
2234:
2220:
1561:
111:
27:Order of arachnids known as whip scorpions
2050:
1912:
1766:
1719:
1708:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1614:
1604:
1521:
1502:
1483:
1992:
1428:
1426:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
884:
837:
2164:
2162:
2160:
1854:
1582:
1580:
1578:
14:
2929:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances
2911:
2023:(7th ed.). Brooks/Cole. pp.
1728:
1701:
1695:
1529:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
1432:
1354:
855:, nocturnal hunters feeding mostly on
2653:
2652:
2612:
2280:
2215:
1736:and mid-Cretaceous diversification".
1515:
1496:
1477:
1423:
1386:
1384:
1341:
375:, by Latreille in 1804, and later by
2795:4c26973c-570c-4c0b-957e-2d7b88bde8f9
2241:
2157:
1993:Brusca, Richard C.; Brusca, Gary J.
1786:Giftige und gefährliche Spinnentiere
1575:
437:) "rump" referring to the whip-like
386:in 1883. It means "tail rump", from
1355:Harvey, Mark S. (2003). "Uropygi".
254: genera, over 100 species
24:
2131:Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus
1962:Ecology and Evolution of the Acari
1381:
1359:. Canberra, AU: CSIRO Publishing.
25:
2965:
2191:
2051:McMonigle, Orin (November 2017).
1956:Weygoldt, Peter (1–5 July 1996).
1790:Poisonous and dangerous arachnids
1404:. Field Guides & Catalogues.
314:-smelling liquid, which contains
2593:are possibly paraphyletic groups
2198:
1721:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x
1187:and five unplaced as to family:
723:
689:
635:
134:
43:
2121:
2078:"On the African whip scorpion,
2069:
1986:
1949:
1906:
1879:
1848:
1806:
1666:
1631:
1410:Government of Western Australia
542: Thelyphonida
318:. The order may also be called
1555:
1283:
1254:
771:
592:, somewhere in the tropics of
13:
1:
1503:Latreille, Pierre A. (1804).
1484:Latreille, Pierre A. (1802).
1335:
985:List of Thelyphonidae species
912:. Appendages become visible.
248:
2934:Prehistoric arthropod orders
2584:Classification is based on
924:Whip scorpions are found in
833:
722:short-tailed whip scorpions
561: Schizomida
558: Schizomida
456:(whip spiders), Uropygi and
7:
2613:
2444:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
1858:Guinness World Records 2014
1702:Shultz, Jeffrey W. (2007).
1231:Dunlop & Horrocks, 1996
555:short-tailed whip scorpions
329:
35:Whip scorpions, vinegaroons
10:
2970:
2281:
1316:
1308:
1294:
982:
978:
847:, a predator of millipedes
716: Schizomida
536: Uropygi
423:
407:
377:Octavius Pickard-Cambridge
2661:
2619:
2608:
2580:
2536:
2513:
2494:
2478:
2469:
2431:
2422:(tailless whip scorpions)
2415:
2406:
2390:
2381:
2350:
2323:
2312:
2291:
2287:
2276:
2250:
2090:American Museum Novitates
1982:– via Google Books.
1970:10.1007/978-94-017-1343-6
1945:– via Google Books.
1925:10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8
1902:– via Google Books.
1834:10.1017/S0263593300000262
1784:Schmidt, Günther (1993).
1542:10.1080/00222937208696729
1406:Western Australian Museum
1401:Western Australian Museum
1220:Tetlie & Dunlop, 2008
867:sometimes preys on small
720:
686:
675:
659:
632:
628: Amblypygi
620:
613:
494:Alternative nomenclature
391:
302:). They are often called
266:
259:
246:
239:
228:
223:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
34:
1522:Cambridge, O.P. (1872).
1306:, means "murder", while
1247:
1154:Viquez & Armas, 2005
1084:Víquez & Armas, 2005
1064:Viquez & Armas, 2006
972:Mastigoproctus giganteus
920:Distribution and habitat
890:Mastigoproctus giganteus
844:Mastigoproctus giganteus
2939:Carboniferous arachnids
2170:"World Uropygi Catalog"
1855:Glenday, Craig (2013).
1739:Journal of Biogeography
2174:Natural History Museum
2055:. Elytra and Antenna.
2004:(Report). p. 505.
1443:Journal of Arachnology
893:
848:
701: (Thelyphonida
432:
416:
400:
371:
364:
353:Pierre André Latreille
2881:Paleobiology Database
2303:(microwhip scorpions)
2144:University of Florida
2129:"Giant whip scorpion
1653:Paleobiology Database
1433:Harvey, M.S. (2002).
1365:10.1071/9780643090071
1182:Cai & Huang, 2017
991:World Uropygi Catalog
888:
841:
667: Thelyphonida
41:Carboniferous–present
2790:Fauna Europaea (new)
2485:(hooded tickspiders)
2019:Invertebrate Zoology
1639:"Order Thelyphonida
1565:(28 November 2023).
2080:Etienneus africanus
1913:Ax, Peter (2000) .
1473:on 7 February 2012.
1328:, meaning "female".
947:Etienneus africanus
851:Whip scorpions are
495:
339:Phalangium caudatum
2954:Cenozoic arachnids
2949:Mesozoic arachnids
2358:Pseudoscorpionida
2140:Featured Creatures
1505:"Genre Thélyphone"
1486:"Genre Thélyphone"
894:
849:
493:
441:on the end of the
2944:Permian arachnids
2906:
2905:
2868:Open Tree of Life
2655:Taxon identifiers
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2546:Opilioacariformes
2506:
2486:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2423:
2398:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2360:(pseudoscorpions)
2342:
2334:
2304:
2206:Arthropods portal
2083:(Hentschel, 1899)
2034:978-0-03-025982-1
1979:978-90-481-5200-1
1934:978-3-642-08681-6
1899:978-1-84826-990-3
1872:978-1-908843-15-9
1799:978-3-89432-405-6
1752:10.1111/jbi.13076
1746:(11): 2660–2672.
1651:. Gateway to the
1641:(Latreille, 1804)
1606:10.7717/peerj.641
1571:. Lib: IV Cap: I.
1374:978-0-643-09007-1
1243:
1232:
1221:
1210:
1199:
1183:
1172:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
932:areas, excluding
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
736:
735:
648:
647:
574:
573:
277:
276:
271:
219:
16:(Redirected from
2961:
2899:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2784:
2772:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2650:
2649:
2629:Phalangiotarbida
2610:
2609:
2592:
2557:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2451:
2443:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2367:
2359:
2340:
2332:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2277:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2022:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1819:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1781:
1764:
1763:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1643:(whip scorpion)"
1642:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1466:. Archived from
1439:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1395:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1352:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1258:
1241:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1198:Wunderlich, 2015
1197:
1194:Burmathelyphonia
1181:
1170:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
989:As of 2023, the
892:female with eggs
874:Males secrete a
790:Lower Cretaceous
727:
717:
706:
693:
678:
677:
672:
662:
661:
639:
629:
623:
622:
616:
615:
610:
600:
599:
569:Protoschizomidae
508:Recent families
496:
492:
435:
428:
427:
426:
419:
412:
411:
410:
403:
396:
395:
394:
384:Tamerlan Thorell
374:
367:
272:(as Thélyphone)
269:
253:
250:
214:
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2924:Arachnid orders
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2615:
2596:
2590:
2568:
2532:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2470:
2457:
2427:
2402:
2373:
2368:(camel spiders)
2346:
2314:
2308:
2283:
2272:
2246:
2240:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2062:978-098024012-2
2049:
2042:
2035:
2013:
2009:
2002:juristas.com.br
1997:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1954:
1950:
1935:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1853:
1849:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1782:
1767:
1733:
1729:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1676:(Thorell, 1883)
1675:
1674:"order Uropygi
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1585:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1536:(60): 409–413.
1520:
1516:
1501:
1497:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1394:(Thorell, 1883)
1393:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1353:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1318:
1309:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1178:Mesothelyphonus
1158:
1124:Latreille, 1802
1004:Heurtault, 1984
987:
981:
922:
836:
793:Crato Formation
774:
769:
760:
751:
737:
718:
715:
709:
707:
700:
688:whip scorpions
673:
666:
649:
630:
627:
611:
604:
424:
408:
392:
332:
270:Latreille, 1804
251:
213:
133:
106:
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98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
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40:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2967:
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2946:
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2931:
2926:
2921:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2777:Fauna Europaea
2773:
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2711:
2698:
2683:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2644:
2643:
2640:
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2636:
2634:Trigonotarbida
2631:
2626:
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2538:Parasitiformes
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2528:Trombidiformes
2525:
2523:Sarcoptiformes
2519:
2517:
2508:
2503:(ticks, mites)
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
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2447:
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2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2404:
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2400:
2391:
2385:
2383:Tetrapulmonata
2379:
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2371:
2363:
2354:
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2297:
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2293:Incertae sedis
2285:
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2264:
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2192:External links
2190:
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2093:(3658): 1–16.
2068:
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2040:
2033:
2007:
1985:
1978:
1948:
1933:
1905:
1898:
1878:
1871:
1847:
1828:(3): 325–334.
1805:
1798:
1765:
1727:
1714:(2): 221–265.
1694:
1665:
1630:
1574:
1554:
1514:
1495:
1476:
1450:(2): 357–372.
1422:
1380:
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1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1282:
1252:
1251:
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1238:Prothelyphonus
1233:
1222:
1216:Parageralinura
1211:
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1185:
1184:
1173:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1136:
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1110:Thelyphonoides
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1096:
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1050:Mastigoproctus
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
995:
983:Main article:
980:
977:
921:
918:
865:Mastigoproctus
835:
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779:Mastigoproctus
773:
770:
766:
765:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
748:
747:
742:(Uropygi
739:
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734:
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533:whip scorpions
530:
529:
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331:
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308:true scorpions
294:(also spelled
288:whip scorpions
275:
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237:
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201:Tetrapulmonata
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2632:
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2627:
2625:
2622:
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2618:
2611:
2607:
2589:
2587:
2586:Shultz (2007)
2583:
2582:
2579:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
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2535:
2529:
2526:
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2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2454:
2452:(vinegaroons)
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2432:Thelyphonida
2430:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2386:
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2201:
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2171:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:(Lucas, 1835)
2132:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:10.1206/674.1
2096:
2092:
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2058:
2054:
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1995:Invertebrates
1989:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
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1926:
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1917:
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1890:
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1874:
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1612:
1607:
1602:
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1590:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1568:De Anim. Hist
1564:
1558:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
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1525:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1499:
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1327:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:sensu stricto
1260:For clarity,
1257:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:Scudder, 1884
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1150:Valeriophonus
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1090:Sheylayongium
1087:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:Thorell, 1888
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:Rowland, 1973
1022:
1021:
1020:Glyptogluteus
1017:
1014:Speijer, 1936
1012:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
992:
986:
976:
974:
973:
968:
967:Guinea-Bissau
964:
960:
957:, endemic to
956:
953:
950:, probably a
949:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
917:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
891:
887:
883:
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877:
876:spermatophore
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
845:
840:
831:
829:
825:
824:caprylic acid
821:
817:
816:cephalothorax
813:
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
791:
787:
786:
781:
780:
764:
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745:
741:
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732:
731:
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713:
712:
704:
698:
697:
694:
692:
684:
681:Uropygi
680:
679:
670:
664:
663:
657:
656:
653:
652:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:whip spiders
625:
624:
618:
617:
608:
602:
601:
597:
595:
591:
590:Carboniferous
587:
586:
581:
580:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:Thelyphonidae
547:
545:
541:
539:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:
521:
518:
515:Thelyphonida
514:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
499:English names
498:
497:
491:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
463:sensu stricto
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
421:) "tail" and
420:
418:
404:
402:
389:
388:Ancient Greek
385:
380:
378:
373:
368:
366:
360:
359:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:Carl Linnaeus
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
268:Thelyphonida
265:
262:
258:
255:
245:
242:
238:
233:
232:Thelyphonidae
230:
229:
227:
222:
217:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
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192:
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137:
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118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
18:Thelyphonidae
2693:Thelyphonida
2662:
2564:Mesostigmata
2449:
2433:
2351:Haplocnemata
2333:(harvestmen)
2324:Stomothecata
2178:. Retrieved
2172:. Bern, CH:
2147:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2123:
2088:
2079:
2071:
2052:
2018:
2010:
2001:
1988:
1961:
1951:
1915:
1908:
1888:
1881:
1857:
1850:
1825:
1821:
1808:
1789:
1785:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1646:
1633:
1596:
1592:
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1533:
1527:
1517:
1508:
1498:
1489:
1479:
1468:the original
1447:
1441:
1413:. Retrieved
1399:
1356:
1325:
1303:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1236:
1227:Proschizomus
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1171:Dunlop, 1998
1165:
1159:
1148:
1144:Pocock, 1894
1138:
1134:Pocock, 1894
1128:
1118:
1108:
1104:Pocock, 1894
1098:
1094:Teruel, 2018
1088:
1078:
1074:Pocock, 1894
1070:Mimoscorpius
1068:
1058:
1054:Pocock, 1894
1048:
1044:Pocock, 1894
1038:
1028:
1018:
1008:
998:
990:
988:
970:
945:
923:
914:
895:
889:
873:
864:
850:
842:
827:
808:
797:
783:
777:
775:
743:
721:
702:
687:
682:
668:
633:
583:
577:
575:
565:Hubbardiidae
543:
537:
523:
516:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
451:
430:
414:
398:
381:
362:
356:
351:). In 1802,
342:
338:
333:
320:Thelyphonida
319:
303:
299:
296:vinegarroons
295:
291:
287:
279:
278:
267:
210:
194:
120:
29:
2816:iNaturalist
2687:Wikispecies
2551:Holothyrida
2515:Acariformes
2471:Acaromorpha
2442:Schizomida
2341:(scorpions)
2339:Scorpiones
2301:Palpigradi
2268:Chelicerata
2266:Subphylum:
1648:Fossilworks
1167:Mesoproctus
1120:Thelyphonus
1060:Mayacentrum
930:subtropical
910:postembryos
906:opisthosoma
869:vertebrates
853:carnivorous
800:opisthosoma
785:Mesoproctus
772:Description
447:exoskeleton
358:Thelyphonus
316:acetic acid
300:vinegarones
292:vinegaroons
178:Chelicerata
174:Subphylum:
2913:Categories
2483:Ricinulei
2420:Amblypygi
2366:Solifugae
2331:Opiliones
2262:Arthropoda
1563:Aristotele
1336:References
1273:sensu lato
1242:Frič, 1904
1205:Geralinura
1140:Uroproctus
1130:Typopeltis
1040:Labochirus
1030:Hypoctonus
963:the Gambia
880:chelicerae
861:millipedes
828:vinegaroon
475:sensu lato
458:Schizomida
401:ouropugion
393:οὐροπύγιον
372:Thélyphone
344:Phalangium
324:Schizomida
168:Arthropoda
122:Typopeltis
2624:Haptopoda
2408:Pedipalpi
2397:(spiders)
2315:Dromopoda
2243:Arachnida
2107:2246/5981
1842:140573577
1760:1365-2699
1392:"Uropygi
1010:Ginosigma
1000:Etienneus
938:Australia
902:operculum
834:Behaviour
812:pedipalps
788:from the
705:)
607:Pedipalpi
526:(if used)
519:(if used)
454:Amblypygi
439:flagellum
349:Opiliones
304:uropygids
252: 23
241:Diversity
224:Families
188:Arachnida
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
2738:BugGuide
2714:BioLib:
2672:Wikidata
2556:Ixodida
2450:Uropygi
2395:Araneae
2260:Phylum:
2256:Animalia
2254:Kingdom
2180:10 March
2149:1 August
2115:59942800
1943:28516278
1687:10 March
1658:10 March
1625:25405073
1599:: e641.
1464:59047074
1415:10 March
1080:Ravilops
952:Gondwana
926:tropical
898:extruded
804:tergites
605:
522:Uropygi
505:System 2
502:System 1
443:pygidium
405:), from
330:Taxonomy
284:arachnid
261:Synonyms
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
124:crucifer
2919:Uropygi
2707:Uropygi
2663:Uropygi
2614:Extinct
2558:(ticks)
2025:569–570
1616:4232842
1547:3 April
979:Subtaxa
959:Senegal
857:insects
671:
609:
594:Pangaea
365:qui tue
312:vinegar
280:Uropygi
216:Thorell
211:Uropygi
207:Order:
184:Class:
2896:514201
2893:uBio:
2886:272176
2873:560923
2717:400873
2678:Q19135
2282:Extant
2245:orders
2176:. 2023
2113:
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2031:
1976:
1941:
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1758:
1682:BioLib
1623:
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1304:phonos
955:relict
942:Africa
934:Europe
708:
282:is an
218:, 1883
2860:58151
2847:82710
2834:11910
2829:IRMNG
2821:48900
2782:12272
2756:622VY
2743:29746
2730:26056
2497:Acari
2111:S2CID
1998:(PDF)
1939:S2CID
1838:S2CID
1818:(PDF)
1788:[
1593:PeerJ
1532:. 4.
1471:(PDF)
1460:S2CID
1438:(PDF)
1319:θῆλυς
1310:φονός
1297:φόνος
1291:Greek
1248:Notes
820:venom
195:Clade
2855:NCBI
2842:ITIS
2808:1498
2803:GBIF
2769:8599
2725:BOLD
2434:s.l.
2182:2023
2151:2016
2057:ISBN
2029:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1756:ISSN
1689:2023
1660:2023
1621:PMID
1549:2016
1417:2023
1369:ISBN
1278:s.l.
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965:and
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544:s.s.
538:s.s.
524:s.l.
517:s.l.
487:s.s.
484:and
481:s.l.
469:s.l.
433:puge
425:πυγή
417:oura
409:οὐρά
298:and
46:PreꞒ
2764:EoL
2751:CoL
2702:ADW
2103:hdl
2095:doi
1966:doi
1921:doi
1830:doi
1748:doi
1716:doi
1712:150
1611:PMC
1601:doi
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