640:) of Deep Heaven (outer space). The Bent One was frustrated by Maleldil decreeing that, once humans have been created, the Oyarsa of Earth would have to cede control of the planet to them - a concession not demanded of his colleague of Mars/Malacandra, who was left to rule over the planet's intelligent beings. The Bent One first tried to seduce the Martians, who then had the technology to build spaceships, to colonize Earth and live there as his subjects. This plan - directly contradicting Maleldil's plans for Earth - was foiled by the other Oyéresu. Thereupon, the Bent One attacked Mars and inflicted vast damage there, causing the complete extinction of its winged creatures (who might have been an additional intelligent species, birds, or both - the reference is not clear). Only with enormous effort was life on Mars preserved.
765:. During the trilogy, Ransom meets the OyĂ©resu of both Mars and Venus, who are described as being masculine (but not actually male) and feminine (but not actually female), respectively. The OyĂ©resu of other worlds have characteristics like those of the corresponding classical gods; for instance, the Oyarsa of Jupiter gives a feeling of merriment (joviality). It is made clear that they are identical with the gods and goddesses of the Greco-Roman pantheon, but that the Greeks and Romans were wrong to worship them as godsâin fact, they are angels, faithful servants of the one and only true God, Maleldil. As noted by Lewis in the non-fiction book
914:
25:
1169:, and with the lack of a clear distinction between natural and supernatural phenomena in medieval thought. The Space Trilogy also plays on themes in Lewis's essay "Religion and Rocketry", which argues that as long as humanity remains flawed and sinful, our exploration of other planets will tend to do them more harm than good. Furthermore, much of the substance of the argument between Ransom and Weston in
660:
submitted to him - as seen in his treatment of
Professor Weston in "Perelandra" and of the N.I.C.E. directors in the end of "That Hideous Strength". Maleldil incarnated as a man on Thulcandra to save the human race. According to the Green Lady, Tinidril (Mother of Perelandra, or Venus), Thulcandra is favored among all the worlds because Maleldil came to it to become a man.
693:) are super-human spirits. The human characters in the trilogy encounter them on various planets, but the eldila themselves are native to interplanetary and interstellar space ("Deep Heaven"). They can, if they want, remain fixed to one point on a planet's surface - but that requires a conscious act on their part, without which they would instantly drift away into space.
647:: "Then war broke out in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. The great dragon was hurled downâthat ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him" .
771:, the identification of the Greco-Roman gods as angels can be traced to late medieval and Renaissance times, when European intellectuals rediscovered and highly valued works of classical antiquity where references to these gods abound, and this needed to be reconciled with these intellectuals' Christian faith.
898:
and beyond the Moon and the meanings were not given to the syllables by chance, or skill, or long tradition, but truly inherent in them as the shape of the great Sun is inherent in the little waterdrop. This was
Language herself, as she first sprang at Maleldil's bidding out of the molten quicksilver
528:
it is suggested that "Ransom" is not the character's real name but merely an alias for a respectable professor whose reputation might suffer from his recounting such a journey to the planet Mars. In the following books, however, this is unaccountably dropped and it is made clear that Ransom is the
659:
in order to make humans unworthy of getting custody of the planet, as
Maleldil intended. He then continues to tempt humans into evil, so as to continue their unworthiness. However, he hates the humans, whose advent was forced upon him by Maleldil, and he mistreats and tortures also the humans who
650:
In response to his destructive acts, the Bent One suffered confinement on Earth, where he inflicted great evil. He made Earth a silent planet, cut off from the Oyéresu of other planets; thus, Earth is referred to by the name 'Thulcandra', the Silent Planet. The Bent One, or Satan, seduced
611:
1212:
by
Tolkien), saying in the foreword, "Those who would like to learn further about Numinor and the True West must (alas!) await the publication of much that still exists only in the MSS. of my friend, Professor J. R. R. Tolkien."
454:, which you also will revel in if you donât know it. I had grown up on Wells's stories of that kind: it was Lindsay who first gave me the idea that the âscientifictionâ appeal could be combined with the âsupernaturalâ appeal."
708:
seems to indicate the function of leadership, regardless of the leader's species; when the
Perelandran human Tor assumes rule of his world, he styles himself "Tor-Oyarsa-Perelendri" (presumably "Tor, Ruler of Perelandra").
663:
Earth will remain a silent planet until the end of the great Siege of Deep Heaven against the Oyarsa of Earth. The siege starts to end (with the Oyéresu of other worlds descending to Earth) at the finale of the trilogy,
324:(Malacandra). In this book, Dr. Elwin Ransom is kidnapped and transported to Mars. While there, he meets the planet's various inhabitants and discovers that Earth is exiled from the rest of the Solar System.
1165:, which was published much later than the Space Trilogy. Lewis was intrigued with the ways medieval authors borrowed concepts from pre-Christian religion and science and attempted to reconcile them with
483:
The character of Elwin Ransom appears similar to Lewis himself: A university professor, an expert in languages and medieval literature, unmarried (Lewis did not marry until his fifties), wounded in
348:. A scientific think tank called the N.I.C.E. (The National Institute of Co-ordinated Experiments) is secretly in touch with demonic entities who plan to assume control of the Earth.
422:
both of wh seemed to take the idea of such travel seriously and to have the desperately immoral outlook wh I try to pillory in Weston. I like the whole interplanetary ideas as a
634:). But then the Bent One (the Oyarsa of Earth, or Satan) rebelled against Maleldil and all the eldila (much as Morgoth rebelled against Eru and the other Valar in Tolkien's
571:, its editor, features Elwin Ransom in a less central role as involved with an experiment that allows its participants to view on a special screen their own location in a
2003:
593:, heard him reading it and discussed it with him; he further stated that he gained the impression that the piece was an abandoned first attempt to write a sequel to
487:, and with no living relatives except for one sibling. Lewis, however, apparently intended for Ransom to be partially patterned after his friend and fellow
461:
adventures combined with themes of biblical history and classical mythology. Many of the names in the trilogy reflect the influence of Lewis's friend
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782:
is a word in the Old Solar language which refers to "rational animals" such as humans. In the book, the Old Solar speaker specifies that God is not
677:
In the Field of Arbol, the outer planets are older than the inner planets. Asteroids are called "dancers before the threshold of the Great Worlds."
1230:
545:, the voice of Maleldil (Jesus) tells Ransom, "'It is not for nothing that you are named Ransom'", and later adds, "'My name also is Ransom'".
541:
for "Ranolf's Son". This may be another allusion to
Tolkien, a professor of Old English. However, the name "Ransom" holds a deeper meaning. In
1544:
2027:
830:
Thomas I. White in "Is a
Dolphin a Person?" White asks if dolphins are persons, and if they are, whether they can also be reckoned as
742:. Bernard's word was almost certainly a corruptionâor a deliberate alterationâof Greek ÎżáœÏÎčÎŹÏÏÎ·Ï , used with the same meaning in the
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2235:
2220:
2215:
1979:
809:
from beings of pure spirit or spirits able to assume a body (which is not essential to their nature). Similarly, a character in
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and simply wished to conquer for my own (Christian) pt of view what has always hitherto been used by the opposite side. I think
89:
850:
invented by Lewis's friend, Tolkien. The grammar is little known, except for the plurals of nouns. The plurals of some words (
61:
1670:
1503:
1441:
704:), control the course of nature on each of the planets of the Solar System. They can manifest in corporeal forms. The title
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670:. But there is still much to happen until the Oyéresu put an end to the rule of the Bent Eldil and, on the way, smash the
68:
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According to the Space
Trilogy's cosmology, the language of all the inhabitants of the Field of Arbol is Old Solar, or
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Lewis, C.S. Collected
Letters, Volume II: Books, Broadcasts and War 1931-1949. Walter Hooper, ed., 2004, p.236f.
336:. Here, Dr. Ransom journeys to an unspoiled Venus (Perelandra), where he participates in a good vs. evil battle.
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846:. Only Earth lost the language; this loss was due to the Bent One's influence. Old Solar can be likened to the
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Butts, Dennis. "The
Abolition of Man?: Horror in the Science Fiction of C.S. Lewis". In Clive Bloom (ed),
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1299:"Intersections between science and belief in some 'novels of ideas' by Aldous Huxley and C.S. Lewis"
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The books are not especially concerned with technological speculation, and in many ways read like
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Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature
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of the intelligent inhabitants of Venus, to facilitate the planet's colonization by humans.
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1028:: A rational being, capable of speech, intellect, and personhood, and containing a soul.
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988:): An everlasting, rational, "multidimensional energy being" that is not organic; an
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is the protagonist of the first two novels and an important character in the third.
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1995:
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that he saw Lewis writing the manuscript that would be subsequently published as
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This is, in effect, Lewis' version of the events known in Christian theology as
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Series of three science fiction novels by C. S. Lewis, written from 1938-1945
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of the first star called Mercury on Earth, but Viritrilbia in Deep Heaven.
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A Compass for Deep Heaven: Navigating the C. S. Lewis Ransom Trilogy
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In 1958, the publishing house Avon published an abridged edition of
24:
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749:.) The eldila resident on Earth are "dark eldila"; in other words,
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An unfinished manuscript, published posthumously in 1977 and named
500:
805:, which were not published in his lifetime. Tolkien distinguished
630:. Maleldil, the son of the Old One, ruled the Field of Arbol (the
1398:
Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the Imagination of C.S. Lewis
1015:
458:
308:
1518:: Science and Magic, Spirit and Matter, and the Figure of Merlin
1256:
The future history depicted by Stapledon includes the wholesale
1469:
Planets in Peril: A Critical Study of CS Lewis's Ransom Trilogy
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610:
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450:(1920): "The real father of my planet books is David Lindsayâs
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Creepers: British Horror and Fantasy in the Twentieth Century.
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The term was adopted by some others, including Lewis's friend
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Is Man a Myth? — C. S. Lewis and the Abolition of Man
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and his other writings are discussed at great length in
890:). Old Solar is also referred to as "the Great Tongue":
716:, immortal and holy. (As Lewis implies in Chapter 22 of
385:
That Hideous Strength: A Modern Fairy-Tale for Grown-ups
1464:
London and Boulder CO: Pluto Press, pp. 111â19.
903:
626:
from the Oyarsa (presiding angel) of Malacandra, or
1090:) (title): Ruler of a planet. A higher-order angel.
992:. Some act in the capacity of "Oyarsa" of a planet.
874:, and adding or altering a final vowel (usually to
712:The eldila are science-fictionalised depictions of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
583:established its authenticity when he wrote in the
575:. Its authenticity was impeached by Lewis scholar
1341:, Walter Hooper, ed., (London: Collins, 1977), 8.
1161:beliefs. Lewis discusses these ideas in his book
2202:
823:, which he defines as having "a rational soul".
579:in her criticism of Walter Hooper, but in 2003
1153:somewhat resemble the corresponding gods from
1141:The cosmology of all three booksâin which the
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521:(or some of the heroes in Williams's books).
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1482:. Westchester, IL: Cornerstone Books, 1980.
1204:, Lewis alludes several times to Tolkien's
1157:mythologyâderives from Lewis's interest in
942:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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962:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:The Solar System ("Field of Arbol") with
404:What immediately spurred me to write was
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1296:
976:Out of the Silent Planet § Glossary
819:wonders whether a particular alien is a
609:
2028:The World's Last Night and Other Essays
1980:The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses
1480:A Guide Through CS Lewis' Space Trilogy
615:
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440:The other main literary influence was
387:. London : The Bodley Head, 1945.
380:. London : The Bodley Head, 1943.
373:. London : The Bodley Head, 1938.
363:
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1504:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
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837:
1861:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1270:Sellin, Bernard (15 February 2007).
1231:"Lewis, C(live) S(taples) 1898-1963"
940:adding citations to reliable sources
907:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1436:. ch. 6 "The Storyteller", p. 174.
1413:(Cornerstone Press, March 31, 2007)
1319:Musacchio, George (15 March 1988).
1273:The Life and Works of David Lindsay
537:: The name is a contraction of the
529:character's true name. As befits a
13:
1454:
1350:Harry Lee Poe, "Shedding Light on
854:) are simple, only adding a final
696:Certain very powerful eldila, the
436:the best of the sort I have read âŠ
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1473:University of Massachusetts Press
904:Terms used throughout the trilogy
882:), and may also include internal
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472:
1339:The Dark Tower and Other Stories
1122:, literally "The Silent Planet".
912:
622:Ransom gets much information on
23:
2226:Science fiction novel trilogies
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1416:
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1400:(Oxford University Press, 2008)
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896:language spoken before the Fall
790:, they are a different kind of
34:needs additional citations for
2236:Fiction about the Solar System
2221:British science fiction novels
2216:Book series introduced in 1938
2060:Selections from Layamon's Brut
1877:The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
1489:. MD: Square Halo Books, 2021.
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1276:. Cambridge University Press.
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1:
1429:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
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1076:as having been incarnated as
761:of Earth, the "Bent One", is
1208:civilization Numinor (spelt
605:
396:Lewis stated in a letter to
7:
1193:and in Kathryn Lindskoog's
801:; Tolkien used the term in
557:The Dark Tower (1977 novel)
297:
10:
2257:
2180:The Most Reluctant Convert
2036:An Experiment in Criticism
1956:A Preface to Paradise Lost
1774:Screwtape Proposes a Toast
1411:C.S. Lewis: Mere Christian
1195:C.S. Lewis: Mere Christian
973:
826:The term has been used by
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268:. The trilogy consists of
2231:Christian science fiction
2144:Language and Human Nature
2102:
2004:Reflections on the Psalms
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1297:Franklin, Robert (2006).
1286:– via Google Books.
1175:is found in Lewis's book
1137:Parallels and adaptations
813:'s science fiction novel
794:than humans or Martians.
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618:names used in the trilogy
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206:(first and first omnibus)
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1812:Out of the Silent Planet
1575:Out of the Silent Planet
1181:. Links between Lewis's
888:Oyéresu, séroni, hnéraki
738:to the governors of the
718:Out of the Silent Planet
595:Out of the Silent Planet
526:Out of the Silent Planet
497:Out of the Silent Planet
371:Out of the Silent Planet
317:Out of the Silent Planet
271:Out of the Silent Planet
133:Out of the Silent Planet
2150:CS Lewis Nature Reserve
774:
392:Influences and approach
2052:They Asked for a Paper
1638:University of Edgestow
901:
803:The Notion Club Papers
619:
438:
332:(1943). Also known as
320:(1938), set mostly on
2241:The Bodley Head books
1901:The Magician's Nephew
1893:The Horse and His Boy
1828:That Hideous Strength
1750:The Screwtape Letters
1742:The Pilgrim's Regress
1591:That Hideous Strength
1516:That Hideous Strength
1376:That Hideous Strength
1321:"Warfaring Christian"
1202:That Hideous Strength
892:
870:, adding an internal
866:), are quite complex
667:That Hideous Strength
613:
514:That Hideous Strength
433:First Men in the Moon
402:
354:That Hideous Strength
341:That Hideous Strength
283:That Hideous Strength
145:That Hideous Strength
2188:Freud's Last Session
1964:The Abolition of Man
1932:The Allegory of Love
1235:www.encyclopedia.com
936:improve this section
864:Oyarsa, sorn, hnakra
844:Hlab-Eribol-ef-Cordi
816:A Case of Conscience
728:, the name given in
452:A Voyage to Arcturus
447:A Voyage to Arcturus
398:Roger Lancelyn Green
216:1990 (first omnibus)
43:improve this article
2076:The Discarded Image
1948:The Problem of Pain
1940:The Personal Heresy
1839:(manuscript) (1977)
1478:Sammons, Martha C.
1424:Carpenter, Humphrey
1409:Kathryn Lindskoog,
1163:The Discarded Image
1034:: A planet or land.
768:The Discarded Image
499:and is a character-
378:Perelandra: A Novel
364:Publication history
358:The Tortured Planet
127:
58:"The Space Trilogy"
2068:Letters to Malcolm
1781:Letters to Malcolm
1766:Till We Have Faces
1704:Spirits in Bondage
1602:(manuscript; 1977)
1467:Downing, David C.
1357:Christianity Today
838:Old Solar language
730:Bernard Silvestris
620:
414:⊠and an essay in
411:Last and First Men
257:The Ransom Trilogy
251:The Cosmic Trilogy
123:
2211:The Space Trilogy
2198:
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1988:Mere Christianity
1919:
1918:
1802:The Space Trilogy
1758:The Great Divorce
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1559:The Space Trilogy
1443:978-0-04-928037-3
1359:, 2 February 2007
1327:. pp. 31â32.
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894:For this was the
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724:was suggested by
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577:Kathryn Lindskoog
573:parallel universe
533:, he provides an
307:The books in the
260:) is a series of
245:The Space Trilogy
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237:(omnibus, 651 pp)
125:The Space Trilogy
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2133:Lewis's trilemma
2044:A Grief Observed
2020:Studies in Words
1996:Surprised by Joy
1885:The Silver Chair
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1068:: The Christian
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2191:(2023 film)
2183:(2021 film)
2175:(1993 film)
2172:Shadowlands
2167:(1989 play)
2164:Shadowlands
2159:(1985 film)
2156:Shadowlands
2095:(1970â1971)
1983:(1949/1980)
1924:Non-fiction
1714:" (c. 1925)
1554:C. S. Lewis
1500:C. S. Lewis
1126:Viritrilbia
828:philosopher
811:James Blish
720:, the name
586:Yale Review
539:Old English
531:philologist
485:World War I
428:H. G. Wells
288:philologist
266:C. S. Lewis
167:Brian Froud
157:C. S. Lewis
2205:Categories
1820:Perelandra
1610:Characters
1583:Perelandra
1379:. London:
1217:References
1172:Perelandra
1116:Thulcandra
1095:Perelandra
1074:Perelandra
1055:Malacandra
1012:Glundandra
974:See also:
884:metathesis
700:(singular
689:(singular
543:Perelandra
509:Perelandra
505:frame tale
491:professor
329:Perelandra
286:(1945). A
277:Perelandra
264:novels by
221:Media type
139:Perelandra
69:newspapers
2128:The Kilns
2124:(brother)
2118:(stepson)
1851:of Narnia
1206:Atlantean
1155:classical
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747:Asclepius
624:cosmology
616:Old Solar
606:Cosmology
535:etymology
424:mythology
356:entitled
230:paperback
226:hardcover
214:1938â1945
211:Published
200:Publisher
169:(omnibus)
1972:Miracles
1776:" (1959)
1631:Universe
1426:(1977).
1373:(1945).
1258:genocide
1178:Miracles
1159:medieval
1066:Maleldil
1040:: Blood.
744:Hermetic
501:narrator
298:Contents
274:(1938),
182:Language
2103:Related
1730:Fiction
1502:at the
1475:, 1992.
1210:NĂșmenor
1143:Oyéresu
1130:Mercury
1088:Oyéresu
1016:Jupiter
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601:Setting
503:in the
459:fantasy
309:trilogy
303:Summary
224:Print (
185:English
174:Country
83:scholar
2112:(wife)
2087:(1966)
2079:(1964)
2071:(1964)
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2015:(1960)
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1745:(1933)
1722:(1926)
1712:Reason
1707:(1919)
1696:Poetry
1594:(1945)
1586:(1943)
1578:(1938)
1440:
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1108:: The
1084:Oyarsa
1048:Saturn
1032:Handra
1000:: The
986:Eldila
759:Oyarsa
757:. The
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722:Oyarsa
714:angels
706:Oyarsa
702:Oyarsa
687:eldila
681:Eldila
489:Oxford
290:named
153:Author
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1719:Dymer
1567:Books
1302:(PDF)
1151:Venus
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1100:Venus
1086:(pl.
1078:Jesus
1044:Lurga
1008:Glund
990:angel
984:(pl.
982:Eldil
763:Satan
691:eldil
511:. In
346:Earth
311:are:
190:Genre
90:JSTOR
76:books
1438:ISBN
1278:ISBN
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1110:Moon
1060:Mars
1024:or '
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927:any
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685:The
672:Moon
628:Mars
507:for
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228:and
62:news
1556:'s
1200:In
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1145:of
1070:God
1038:Hrƫ
1026:nau
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