651:) of Deep Heaven (outer space). The Bent One was frustrated by Maleldil decreeing that, once humans have been created, the Oyarsa of Earth would have to cede control of the planet to them - a concession not demanded of his colleague of Mars/Malacandra, who was left to rule over the planet's intelligent beings. The Bent One first tried to seduce the Martians, who then had the technology to build spaceships, to colonize Earth and live there as his subjects. This plan - directly contradicting Maleldil's plans for Earth - was foiled by the other Oyéresu. Thereupon, the Bent One attacked Mars and inflicted vast damage there, causing the complete extinction of its winged creatures (who might have been an additional intelligent species, birds, or both - the reference is not clear). Only with enormous effort was life on Mars preserved.
776:. During the trilogy, Ransom meets the OyĂ©resu of both Mars and Venus, who are described as being masculine (but not actually male) and feminine (but not actually female), respectively. The OyĂ©resu of other worlds have characteristics like those of the corresponding classical gods; for instance, the Oyarsa of Jupiter gives a feeling of merriment (joviality). It is made clear that they are identical with the gods and goddesses of the Greco-Roman pantheon, but that the Greeks and Romans were wrong to worship them as godsâin fact, they are angels, faithful servants of the one and only true God, Maleldil. As noted by Lewis in the non-fiction book
925:
36:
1180:, and with the lack of a clear distinction between natural and supernatural phenomena in medieval thought. The Space Trilogy also plays on themes in Lewis's essay "Religion and Rocketry", which argues that as long as humanity remains flawed and sinful, our exploration of other planets will tend to do them more harm than good. Furthermore, much of the substance of the argument between Ransom and Weston in
671:
submitted to him - as seen in his treatment of
Professor Weston in "Perelandra" and of the N.I.C.E. directors in the end of "That Hideous Strength". Maleldil incarnated as a man on Thulcandra to save the human race. According to the Green Lady, Tinidril (Mother of Perelandra, or Venus), Thulcandra is favored among all the worlds because Maleldil came to it to become a man.
704:) are super-human spirits. The human characters in the trilogy encounter them on various planets, but the eldila themselves are native to interplanetary and interstellar space ("Deep Heaven"). They can, if they want, remain fixed to one point on a planet's surface - but that requires a conscious act on their part, without which they would instantly drift away into space.
658:: "Then war broke out in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. The great dragon was hurled downâthat ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him" .
782:, the identification of the Greco-Roman gods as angels can be traced to late medieval and Renaissance times, when European intellectuals rediscovered and highly valued works of classical antiquity where references to these gods abound, and this needed to be reconciled with these intellectuals' Christian faith.
909:
and beyond the Moon and the meanings were not given to the syllables by chance, or skill, or long tradition, but truly inherent in them as the shape of the great Sun is inherent in the little waterdrop. This was
Language herself, as she first sprang at Maleldil's bidding out of the molten quicksilver
539:
it is suggested that "Ransom" is not the character's real name but merely an alias for a respectable professor whose reputation might suffer from his recounting such a journey to the planet Mars. In the following books, however, this is unaccountably dropped and it is made clear that Ransom is the
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in order to make humans unworthy of getting custody of the planet, as
Maleldil intended. He then continues to tempt humans into evil, so as to continue their unworthiness. However, he hates the humans, whose advent was forced upon him by Maleldil, and he mistreats and tortures also the humans who
661:
In response to his destructive acts, the Bent One suffered confinement on Earth, where he inflicted great evil. He made Earth a silent planet, cut off from the Oyéresu of other planets; thus, Earth is referred to by the name 'Thulcandra', the Silent Planet. The Bent One, or Satan, seduced
622:
1223:
by
Tolkien), saying in the foreword, "Those who would like to learn further about Numinor and the True West must (alas!) await the publication of much that still exists only in the MSS. of my friend, Professor J. R. R. Tolkien."
465:, which you also will revel in if you donât know it. I had grown up on Wells's stories of that kind: it was Lindsay who first gave me the idea that the âscientifictionâ appeal could be combined with the âsupernaturalâ appeal."
719:
seems to indicate the function of leadership, regardless of the leader's species; when the
Perelandran human Tor assumes rule of his world, he styles himself "Tor-Oyarsa-Perelendri" (presumably "Tor, Ruler of Perelandra").
674:
Earth will remain a silent planet until the end of the great Siege of Deep Heaven against the Oyarsa of Earth. The siege starts to end (with the Oyéresu of other worlds descending to Earth) at the finale of the trilogy,
335:(Malacandra). In this book, Dr. Elwin Ransom is kidnapped and transported to Mars. While there, he meets the planet's various inhabitants and discovers that Earth is exiled from the rest of the Solar System.
1176:, which was published much later than the Space Trilogy. Lewis was intrigued with the ways medieval authors borrowed concepts from pre-Christian religion and science and attempted to reconcile them with
494:
The character of Elwin Ransom appears similar to Lewis himself: A university professor, an expert in languages and medieval literature, unmarried (Lewis did not marry until his fifties), wounded in
359:. A scientific think tank called the N.I.C.E. (The National Institute of Co-ordinated Experiments) is secretly in touch with demonic entities who plan to assume control of the Earth.
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both of wh seemed to take the idea of such travel seriously and to have the desperately immoral outlook wh I try to pillory in Weston. I like the whole interplanetary ideas as a
645:). But then the Bent One (the Oyarsa of Earth, or Satan) rebelled against Maleldil and all the eldila (much as Morgoth rebelled against Eru and the other Valar in Tolkien's
582:, its editor, features Elwin Ransom in a less central role as involved with an experiment that allows its participants to view on a special screen their own location in a
2014:
604:, heard him reading it and discussed it with him; he further stated that he gained the impression that the piece was an abandoned first attempt to write a sequel to
498:, and with no living relatives except for one sibling. Lewis, however, apparently intended for Ransom to be partially patterned after his friend and fellow
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adventures combined with themes of biblical history and classical mythology. Many of the names in the trilogy reflect the influence of Lewis's friend
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793:
is a word in the Old Solar language which refers to "rational animals" such as humans. In the book, the Old Solar speaker specifies that God is not
688:
In the Field of Arbol, the outer planets are older than the inner planets. Asteroids are called "dancers before the threshold of the Great Worlds."
1241:
556:, the voice of Maleldil (Jesus) tells Ransom, "'It is not for nothing that you are named Ransom'", and later adds, "'My name also is Ransom'".
552:
for "Ranolf's Son". This may be another allusion to
Tolkien, a professor of Old English. However, the name "Ransom" holds a deeper meaning. In
1555:
2038:
841:
Thomas I. White in "Is a
Dolphin a Person?" White asks if dolphins are persons, and if they are, whether they can also be reckoned as
753:. Bernard's word was almost certainly a corruptionâor a deliberate alterationâof Greek ÎżáœÏÎčÎŹÏÏÎ·Ï , used with the same meaning in the
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2231:
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1990:
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from beings of pure spirit or spirits able to assume a body (which is not essential to their nature). Similarly, a character in
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and simply wished to conquer for my own (Christian) pt of view what has always hitherto been used by the opposite side. I think
100:
861:
invented by Lewis's friend, Tolkien. The grammar is little known, except for the plurals of nouns. The plurals of some words (
72:
1681:
1514:
1452:
715:), control the course of nature on each of the planets of the Solar System. They can manifest in corporeal forms. The title
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681:. But there is still much to happen until the Oyéresu put an end to the rule of the Bent Eldil and, on the way, smash the
79:
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According to the Space
Trilogy's cosmology, the language of all the inhabitants of the Field of Arbol is Old Solar, or
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119:
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477:
1258:
Lewis, C.S. Collected
Letters, Volume II: Books, Broadcasts and War 1931-1949. Walter Hooper, ed., 2004, p.236f.
347:. Here, Dr. Ransom journeys to an unspoiled Venus (Perelandra), where he participates in a good vs. evil battle.
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857:. Only Earth lost the language; this loss was due to the Bent One's influence. Old Solar can be likened to the
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Butts, Dennis. "The
Abolition of Man?: Horror in the Science Fiction of C.S. Lewis". In Clive Bloom (ed),
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1310:"Intersections between science and belief in some 'novels of ideas' by Aldous Huxley and C.S. Lewis"
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The books are not especially concerned with technological speculation, and in many ways read like
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Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature
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of the intelligent inhabitants of Venus, to facilitate the planet's colonization by humans.
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is the protagonist of the first two novels and an important character in the third.
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2006:
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that he saw Lewis writing the manuscript that would be subsequently published as
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This is, in effect, Lewis' version of the events known in Christian theology as
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Series of three science fiction novels by C. S. Lewis, written from 1938-1945
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of the first star called Mercury on Earth, but Viritrilbia in Deep Heaven.
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A Compass for Deep Heaven: Navigating the C. S. Lewis Ransom Trilogy
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In 1958, the publishing house Avon published an abridged edition of
35:
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760:.) The eldila resident on Earth are "dark eldila"; in other words,
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An unfinished manuscript, published posthumously in 1977 and named
511:
816:, which were not published in his lifetime. Tolkien distinguished
641:. Maleldil, the son of the Old One, ruled the Field of Arbol (the
1409:
Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the Imagination of C.S. Lewis
1026:
469:
319:
1529:: Science and Magic, Spirit and Matter, and the Figure of Merlin
1267:
The future history depicted by Stapledon includes the wholesale
1480:
Planets in Peril: A Critical Study of CS Lewis's Ransom Trilogy
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461:(1920): "The real father of my planet books is David Lindsayâs
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Creepers: British Horror and Fantasy in the Twentieth Century.
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The term was adopted by some others, including Lewis's friend
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Is Man a Myth? — C. S. Lewis and the Abolition of Man
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and his other writings are discussed at great length in
901:). Old Solar is also referred to as "the Great Tongue":
727:, immortal and holy. (As Lewis implies in Chapter 22 of
396:
That Hideous Strength: A Modern Fairy-Tale for Grown-ups
1475:
London and Boulder CO: Pluto Press, pp. 111â19.
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from the Oyarsa (presiding angel) of Malacandra, or
1101:) (title): Ruler of a planet. A higher-order angel.
1003:. Some act in the capacity of "Oyarsa" of a planet.
885:, and adding or altering a final vowel (usually to
723:The eldila are science-fictionalised depictions of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
594:established its authenticity when he wrote in the
586:. Its authenticity was impeached by Lewis scholar
1352:, Walter Hooper, ed., (London: Collins, 1977), 8.
1172:beliefs. Lewis discusses these ideas in his book
2213:
834:, which he defines as having "a rational soul".
590:in her criticism of Walter Hooper, but in 2003
1164:somewhat resemble the corresponding gods from
1152:The cosmology of all three booksâin which the
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532:(or some of the heroes in Williams's books).
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1493:. Westchester, IL: Cornerstone Books, 1980.
1215:, Lewis alludes several times to Tolkien's
1168:mythologyâderives from Lewis's interest in
953:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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973:Learn how and when to remove this message
625:The Solar System ("Field of Arbol") with
415:What immediately spurred me to write was
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1307:
987:Out of the Silent Planet § Glossary
830:wonders whether a particular alien is a
620:
2039:The World's Last Night and Other Essays
1991:The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses
1491:A Guide Through CS Lewis' Space Trilogy
626:
14:
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451:The other main literary influence was
398:. London : The Bodley Head, 1945.
391:. London : The Bodley Head, 1943.
384:. London : The Bodley Head, 1938.
374:
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1515:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
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848:
1872:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1281:Sellin, Bernard (15 February 2007).
1242:"Lewis, C(live) S(taples) 1898-1963"
951:adding citations to reliable sources
918:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1447:. ch. 6 "The Storyteller", p. 174.
1424:(Cornerstone Press, March 31, 2007)
1330:Musacchio, George (15 March 1988).
1284:The Life and Works of David Lindsay
548:: The name is a contraction of the
540:character's true name. As befits a
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1465:
1361:Harry Lee Poe, "Shedding Light on
865:) are simple, only adding a final
707:Certain very powerful eldila, the
447:the best of the sort I have read âŠ
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1504:
1484:University of Massachusetts Press
915:Terms used throughout the trilogy
893:), and may also include internal
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483:
1350:The Dark Tower and Other Stories
1133:, literally "The Silent Planet".
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633:Ransom gets much information on
34:
2237:Science fiction novel trilogies
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1411:(Oxford University Press, 2008)
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907:language spoken before the Fall
801:, they are a different kind of
45:needs additional citations for
2247:Fiction about the Solar System
2232:British science fiction novels
2227:Book series introduced in 1938
2071:Selections from Layamon's Brut
1888:The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
1500:. MD: Square Halo Books, 2021.
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1287:. Cambridge University Press.
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1:
1440:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
1227:
1087:as having been incarnated as
772:of Earth, the "Bent One", is
1219:civilization Numinor (spelt
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407:Lewis stated in a letter to
7:
1204:and in Kathryn Lindskoog's
812:; Tolkien used the term in
568:The Dark Tower (1977 novel)
308:
10:
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2191:The Most Reluctant Convert
2047:An Experiment in Criticism
1967:A Preface to Paradise Lost
1785:Screwtape Proposes a Toast
1422:C.S. Lewis: Mere Christian
1206:C.S. Lewis: Mere Christian
984:
837:The term has been used by
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279:. The trilogy consists of
2242:Christian science fiction
2155:Language and Human Nature
2113:
2015:Reflections on the Psalms
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1308:Franklin, Robert (2006).
1297:– via Google Books.
1186:is found in Lewis's book
1148:Parallels and adaptations
824:'s science fiction novel
805:than humans or Martians.
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629:names used in the trilogy
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217:(first and first omnibus)
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1823:Out of the Silent Planet
1586:Out of the Silent Planet
1192:. Links between Lewis's
899:Oyéresu, séroni, hnéraki
749:to the governors of the
729:Out of the Silent Planet
606:Out of the Silent Planet
537:Out of the Silent Planet
508:Out of the Silent Planet
382:Out of the Silent Planet
328:Out of the Silent Planet
282:Out of the Silent Planet
144:Out of the Silent Planet
2161:CS Lewis Nature Reserve
785:
403:Influences and approach
2063:They Asked for a Paper
1649:University of Edgestow
912:
814:The Notion Club Papers
630:
449:
343:(1943). Also known as
331:(1938), set mostly on
2252:The Bodley Head books
1912:The Magician's Nephew
1904:The Horse and His Boy
1839:That Hideous Strength
1761:The Screwtape Letters
1753:The Pilgrim's Regress
1602:That Hideous Strength
1527:That Hideous Strength
1387:That Hideous Strength
1332:"Warfaring Christian"
1213:That Hideous Strength
903:
881:, adding an internal
877:), are quite complex
678:That Hideous Strength
624:
525:That Hideous Strength
444:First Men in the Moon
413:
365:That Hideous Strength
352:That Hideous Strength
294:That Hideous Strength
156:That Hideous Strength
2199:Freud's Last Session
1975:The Abolition of Man
1943:The Allegory of Love
1246:www.encyclopedia.com
947:improve this section
875:Oyarsa, sorn, hnakra
855:Hlab-Eribol-ef-Cordi
827:A Case of Conscience
739:, the name given in
463:A Voyage to Arcturus
458:A Voyage to Arcturus
409:Roger Lancelyn Green
227:1990 (first omnibus)
54:improve this article
2087:The Discarded Image
1959:The Problem of Pain
1951:The Personal Heresy
1850:(manuscript) (1977)
1489:Sammons, Martha C.
1435:Carpenter, Humphrey
1420:Kathryn Lindskoog,
1174:The Discarded Image
1045:: A planet or land.
779:The Discarded Image
510:and is a character-
389:Perelandra: A Novel
375:Publication history
369:The Tortured Planet
138:
69:"The Space Trilogy"
2079:Letters to Malcolm
1792:Letters to Malcolm
1777:Till We Have Faces
1715:Spirits in Bondage
1613:(manuscript; 1977)
1478:Downing, David C.
1368:Christianity Today
849:Old Solar language
741:Bernard Silvestris
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425:⊠and an essay in
422:Last and First Men
268:The Ransom Trilogy
262:The Cosmic Trilogy
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2222:The Space Trilogy
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1999:Mere Christianity
1930:
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1813:The Space Trilogy
1769:The Great Divorce
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1570:The Space Trilogy
1454:978-0-04-928037-3
1370:, 2 February 2007
1338:. pp. 31â32.
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588:Kathryn Lindskoog
584:parallel universe
544:, he provides an
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271:) is a series of
256:The Space Trilogy
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248:(omnibus, 651 pp)
136:The Space Trilogy
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16:(Redirected from
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2144:Lewis's trilemma
2055:A Grief Observed
2031:Studies in Words
2007:Surprised by Joy
1896:The Silver Chair
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1079:: The Christian
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2149:The Inklings
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2202:(2023 film)
2194:(2021 film)
2186:(1993 film)
2183:Shadowlands
2178:(1989 play)
2175:Shadowlands
2170:(1985 film)
2167:Shadowlands
2106:(1970â1971)
1994:(1949/1980)
1935:Non-fiction
1725:" (c. 1925)
1565:C. S. Lewis
1511:C. S. Lewis
1137:Viritrilbia
839:philosopher
822:James Blish
731:, the name
597:Yale Review
550:Old English
542:philologist
496:World War I
439:H. G. Wells
299:philologist
277:C. S. Lewis
178:Brian Froud
168:C. S. Lewis
2216:Categories
1831:Perelandra
1621:Characters
1594:Perelandra
1390:. London:
1228:References
1183:Perelandra
1127:Thulcandra
1106:Perelandra
1085:Perelandra
1066:Malacandra
1023:Glundandra
985:See also:
895:metathesis
711:(singular
700:(singular
554:Perelandra
520:Perelandra
516:frame tale
502:professor
340:Perelandra
297:(1945). A
288:Perelandra
275:novels by
232:Media type
150:Perelandra
80:newspapers
2139:The Kilns
2135:(brother)
2129:(stepson)
1862:of Narnia
1217:Atlantean
1166:classical
934:does not
758:Asclepius
635:cosmology
627:Old Solar
617:Cosmology
546:etymology
435:mythology
367:entitled
241:paperback
237:hardcover
225:1938â1945
222:Published
211:Publisher
180:(omnibus)
1983:Miracles
1787:" (1959)
1642:Universe
1437:(1977).
1384:(1945).
1269:genocide
1189:Miracles
1170:medieval
1077:Maleldil
1051:: Blood.
755:Hermetic
512:narrator
309:Contents
285:(1938),
193:Language
18:Maleldil
2114:Related
1741:Fiction
1513:at the
1486:, 1992.
1221:NĂșmenor
1154:Oyéresu
1141:Mercury
1099:Oyéresu
1027:Jupiter
955:removed
940:sources
737:Oyarses
709:Oyéresu
612:Setting
514:in the
470:fantasy
320:trilogy
314:Summary
235:Print (
196:English
185:Country
94:scholar
2123:(wife)
2098:(1966)
2090:(1964)
2082:(1964)
2074:(1963)
2066:(1962)
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2050:(1961)
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2034:(1960)
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2018:(1958)
2010:(1955)
2002:(1952)
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1803:(1985)
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1780:(1956)
1772:(1945)
1764:(1942)
1756:(1933)
1733:(1926)
1723:Reason
1718:(1919)
1707:Poetry
1605:(1945)
1597:(1943)
1589:(1938)
1451:
1291:
1119:: The
1095:Oyarsa
1059:Saturn
1043:Handra
1011:: The
997:Eldila
770:Oyarsa
768:. The
766:demons
733:Oyarsa
725:angels
717:Oyarsa
713:Oyarsa
698:eldila
692:Eldila
500:Oxford
301:named
164:Author
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1730:Dymer
1578:Books
1313:(PDF)
1162:Venus
1131:Earth
1117:Sulva
1111:Venus
1097:(pl.
1089:Jesus
1055:Lurga
1019:Glund
1001:angel
995:(pl.
993:Eldil
774:Satan
702:eldil
522:. In
357:Earth
322:are:
201:Genre
101:JSTOR
87:books
1449:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1160:and
1158:Mars
1121:Moon
1071:Mars
1035:or '
1033:Hnau
938:any
936:cite
843:hnau
832:hnau
818:hnau
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791:Hnau
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696:The
683:Moon
639:Mars
518:for
333:Mars
239:and
73:news
1567:'s
1211:In
1200:'s
1156:of
1081:God
1049:Hrƫ
1037:nau
1021:or
949:by
889:or
883:-Ă©-
869:or
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743:'s
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535:In
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