290:, which translates as "pocket book", was used and is still in use today.) De Graaf, like Lane, negotiated paperback rights from other publishers, and produced many runs. His practices contrasted with those of Lane by his adoption of illustrated covers aimed at the North American market. To reach an even broader market than Lane, he used distributors of newspapers and magazines to distribute his books because they had a lengthy history of being aimed (in format and distribution) at mass audiences. Pocket Books were not available in book stores because they did not carry magazines.
944:) is a higher-quality paperback book. If it is a softcover edition of a previous hardcover edition and is published by the same house as the hardcover, the text pages are normally identical with those of the hardcover edition, and the book is almost the same size as the hardcover edition. The pagination is the same, so that references to the text will be unchanged: this is particularly important for reviewers and scholars. The only difference is the soft binding; the paper is usually of higher quality than that of a mass-market paperback, often being
232:
531:, a metal pole with a four-sided wire frame designed to vertically hold rows of racks of paperback books. Retail store owners no longer had to devote feet of valuable counter space to low-profit paperbacks. Dozens of paperbacks could be displayed vertically in five or six square feet of floor space. (Similar racks were available for magazines and comic books.) By the late 1940s, paperback spinner racks were ubiquitous in large and small towns across the United States, in every local grocery store, drug store,
37:
29:
2825:
2835:
2815:
1004:
137:
490:. Like Avon, Dell followed the basic format established by Pocket Books. But within that format, "Dell achieved more variety than any of its early competitors . . . instantly identifiable format of vibrant airbrushed covers for its predominantly genre fiction", specialized logos and special features like maps and lists of characters.
109:, one of the first ten books it published in 1939, emphasized the impermanence of paperbacks by telling readers if you "enjoyed it so much you may wish to own it in a more permanent edition", they could return the 25 cent book to Pocket Books with an additional 70 cents and it would send them a copy of the 95 cent
1546:
extended his paperback idea with the new series 'Universal-Bibliothek' (Universal
Library') . Thousands of titles eventually followed, which included nearly all the world's great literature. In this way, and despite most Western countries' imitations, Reclam paperbacks became the world's foremost paperback series.
140:
662:
to distribute its Mentor and Signet titles. That contract prohibited
Fawcett from becoming a competitor by publishing its own paperback reprints. Roscoe Kent Fawcett wanted to establish a line of Fawcett paperbacks, and he felt original works would not be a violation of the contract. To challenge the
139:
102:
Paperback editions of books are issued when a publisher decides to release a book in a low-cost format. Lower-quality paper, glued (rather than stapled or sewn) bindings, and the lack of a hard cover may contribute to the lower cost of paperbacks. In the early days of modern paperbacks, the 1930s and
720:'thinking about' some systematic programs of original publishing," Lion Books had "a definite original publishing program in the works", and that Graphic had begun publishing originals about a year earlier. Bantam, Pocket Books, and New American Library said they were not going to publish originals.
144:
143:
138:
1545:
in 1867, with the coming into force of the constitution of the
Northern German Federation , works by German authors deceased for 30 years or more officially became public domain. Entire libraries of very cheap paperback editions of German classics immediately flooded the market. And so Reclam, too,
523:
Two new developments changed the nature of the mass-market paperback business. One was the decision by publishers to publish more recent best selling books than the older books originally published by Pocket Book. They sought reprint rights on new books and soon found themselves in competition for
685:
reported in May 1950 that
Fawcett books were "similar in appearance and cover allure to many of the paperback reprints, but the story material original and not reprinted from regular editions." It also said the authors would be paid a $ 2,000 advance with a guaranteed first printing of 200,000
145:
293:
Pocket Books established the format for all subsequent paperback publishers in the 1940s. The books measured 6.5" by 4.25" (16.5 cm by 10.8 cm), had full-color covers, and cost 25 cents. Eventually in the 1950s the height increased by 0.5" (1.4 cm) to 7" (18 cm). The width
496:
brought both new technology and a wide readership of men and women serving in the military or employed as shift workers; paperbacks were cheap, readily available, and easily posted and carried. Furthermore, people found that restrictions on travel gave them time to read more paperbacks.
772:. The market for cheap magazines diminished when buyers began to buy cheap books instead. Authors also found themselves abandoning magazines and writing for the paperback market. The leading paperback publishers often hired experienced pulp magazine cover artists, including
116:
Since the mid-20th century, paperbacks can also be the preferred medium when a book is not expected to be a major seller and the publisher wishes to release the book without a large investment. Examples include many novels and newer editions or reprintings of older books.
142:
153:
The early 19th century saw numerous improvements in the printing, publishing and book-distribution processes, with the introduction of steam-powered printing presses, pulp mills, automatic type setting, and a network of railways. These innovations enabled the likes of
505:(invented in 1936) developed for military maps made the paperback cover eye catching and kept ink from running as people handled the book. A revolving metal rack (invented in 1906), designed to display a wide variety of paperbacks in a small space, found its way into
794:
entered the
Canadian mass-market book trade in the early 1960s, with its "Canadian best seller library" series, at a time when Canadian literary culture was beginning to be popularized, and a call for a Canadian author identity was discussed by the Canadian people.
700:
Fawcett's action led to immediate controversy, with an executive Vice president of Pocket Books attacking the whole idea, a literary agent reporting that one hardcover publisher threatened to boycott his agency if he dealt with mass market publishers, and
99:. Modern paperbacks can be differentiated from one another by size. In the United States, there are "mass-market paperbacks" and larger, more durable "trade paperbacks". In the United Kingdom, there are A-format, B-format, and the largest C-format sizes.
678:
After these books were successfully published, Fawcett announced in
December 1949 that in February 1950 it would publish "original fiction including westerns and mysteries at 25 cents in a pocket-sized format" in a series called Gold Medal Books.
983:
Trade paperbacks did not enter the
American market until around 1960. Unlike mass-market paperbacks they are distributed by their original hard-cover publishers directly to book stores, not through magazine distributors to other retailers.
627:
U.S. paperbacks quickly entered the
Canadian market. Canadian mass-market paperback initiatives in the 1940s included White Circle Books, a subsidiary of Collins (UK.); it was fairly successful but was soon outstripped by the success of
103:
1940s, they were sold as a cheaper, less permanent, and more convenient alternative to traditional hardcover books, as the name of the first
American paperback publisher, Pocket Books, indicates. In addition, the Pocket Books edition of
708:
Sales soared, prompting Gold Medal editorial director Ralph Daigh to comment later, "In the past six months we have produced 9,020,645 books, and people seem to like them very well." In 1950 Gold Medal published 35 titles, in 1952, 66.
273:
placed a large order, the books sold extremely well. After that initial success, booksellers showed more willingness to stock paperbacks, and the name "Penguin" became closely associated with the word "paperback" in Great
Britain.
124:, many publishers try to balance the profit to be made by selling fewer hardcovers against the potential profit to be made by selling more paperbacks with a smaller profit per unit. First editions of many modern books, especially
640:(The term "paperback original" applies to paperback original publications of fiction. It is not usually applied to original non–fiction publications, although paperback publishers also began issuing original non–fiction titles.)
826: in Ă— 7 in), in the United Kingdom, and the "pocketbook" format books of a similar size, in the United States. Mass-market paperbacks usually are printed on cheap paper. They are commonly released after the
285:
to issue a similar line of reprints. Because at first Pocket Books was the only publisher of paperbacks, the term "pocket book" became synonymous with paperback in English-speaking North America. (In France, the term
178:
newsagent found at most urban British railway stations. These paper bound volumes were offered for sale at a fraction of the historical cost of a book, and were of a smaller format, 110 mm Ă— 178 mm
460:
copied the basic format established by Pocket Books but differentiated itself by emphasizing, as a book on collecting paperbacks says, "popular appeal rather than loftier concepts of literary merit." In 1953,
2736:
193: in Ă— 7 in), aimed at the railway traveller. The Routledge's Railway Library series of paperbacks remained in print until 1898, and offered the traveling public 1,277 unique titles.
141:
200:
started the Collection of British and American Authors in 1841. These inexpensive, paperbound editions, a direct precursor to mass-market paperbacks, eventually ran to over 5,000 volumes.
780:, who helped create the look and feel of paperbacks and set an appealing visual standard that continues to this day. Scores of well-known authors were published in paperback, including
586:
took over. Its original focus was classics and scholarly works as well as popular and pulp fiction. Eventually it shortened its name to New American Library and published books in the
1076:
may also be printed in trade paperback form. Publishers sometimes release popular collections first in a hardback form, followed by a trade paperback months later. Examples include
128:, are issued in paperback. Best-selling books, on the other hand, may maintain sales in hardcover for an extended period to reap the greater profits that the hardcovers provide.
723:
Also in 1952, Ace began publishing Ace Double Novel Books, two books printed in one volume for 35 cents, one a reprint and one original, with two covers and two title pages.
294:
remained the same because wire display racks used in many locations could not hold wider books. With the larger size came a higher price, first 35 cents and then 50 cents.
548:, it did not seem unbelievable that a long-distance bus traveller stranded by a snowstorm in an out-of-the-way cafe walks to a shelf and picks up a paperback copy of
860:", bought by travelers to read while they sit and wait. Mass-market paperbacks also have offered collections of comic strips and magazine cartoon series, such as
632:
which began in 1949 and, after a few years of publishing undistinguished novels, focused on the romance genre and became one of the world's largest publishers.
247:
imprint. They adopted many of Albatross's innovations, including a conspicuous logo, using only type on the cover, and color-coded covers for different genres.
1916:
750:'s $ 3.00 hardcover edition, was a success for both publishers. Of their next nine novels, two were published simultaneously by Houghton Mifflin and one by
456:
publisher partially owned by brother and sister Joseph Meyers and Edna Meyers Williams and hired them to organize a new company called "Avon Publications".
2112:
was published in September 1997, and it was only published in a mass-market paperback edition, as was the standard practice at the time for first novels.
1291:
1819:
307:
is often cited as the first American paperback book. However, the first mass-market, pocket-sized, paperback book printed in the U.S. was an edition of
845:
accounted for at least 25% of all paperback sales. In 2013, 51% of paperback sales were romance. Many titles, especially in genre fiction, have their
578:. Originally Penguin USA, it became a separate publisher in 1948 as the New American Library of World Literature when it separated from Penguin and
467:
magazine summarized its books as "westerns, whodunits, and the kind of boy-meets-girl story that can be illustrated by a ripe cheesecake jacket ".
243:, investing his own capital, initiated the paperback revolution in the English-language book market by releasing ten reprint titles to launch the
2090:
1746:
1980:
1700:
1665:
1416:
535:, and bus and train station, displaying everything from best sellers and mysteries and westerns to classics and Shakespeare. In 1955, in
952:
also encompasses the medium-sized paperbacks described as B-format, above. British trade paperbacks are 135 mm Ă— 216 mm (
520:" paperback novels to the troops. After the war, the former servicemembers' familiarity with paperbacks helped popularize the format.
768:
Genre categories began to emerge, and mass-market book covers reflected those categories. Mass-market paperbacks influenced slick and
1865:
269:
low, and looked to non-traditional book-selling retail locations. Booksellers were initially reluctant to buy his books, but when
1585:
716:
reported in May 1952 that Avon had included three originals in its April releases and was seeking more. It added that Dell was
1458:
552:. "Sometimes one can find Shakespeare on these shelves among the many lurid novels of juvenile delinquents," he comments.
738:, to publish paperbacks simultaneously with their publication in hardcover by traditional publishers. Their first book,
2783:
1838:
1883:
2206:
2182:
1735:
1531:
1486:
1051:
1479:
The reception of Shakespeare in Germany from 1815 to 1850: the spread and assimilation of foreign reference material
1033:
2597:
757:
In 1953, Dell announced its line of originals, Dell First Editions, and published its first novels by Walt Grove,
2263:
1908:
2704:
1645:
1429:
1029:
1474:
La Réception de Shakespeare en Allemagne De 1815 À 1850: Propagation Et Assimilation de la Référence Étrangère
849:
in paperback and are never published in hardcover; this is particularly true of first novels by new authors.
705:'s LeBaron R. Barker claiming that paperback originals could "undermine the whole structure of publishing."
2145:
544:
1504:
de Shakespeare au prix de vente de 1 Thaler et demi pour l'édition brochée at illustrée en douze volumes.
830:
edition and often sold not only at bookstores, but also where books are not the main business, such as at
320:
The first ten Pocket Book titles published in May 1939 with a print run of about 10,000 copies each were:
2607:
367:
261:
Lane intended to produce inexpensive books. He purchased paperback rights from publishers, ordered large
204:
published Shakespeare in this format from October 1857 and went on to pioneer the mass market paperbound
2028:
2002:
228:
fonts, use of logo and type on the cover without an illustration, and color-coding the covers by genre.
2612:
2425:
1339:
1263:
1025:
524:
the biggest sellers, leading to bidding against each other for the rights and costing them more money.
420:
409:
2869:
1778:
751:
1441:
1398:
2864:
2592:
1014:
993:
403:
2094:
2394:
1972:
1947:
1684:
1116:
1018:
517:
475:
330:
298:
2477:
2318:
1670:
1248:
791:
598:
83:
Inexpensive books bound in paper have existed since at least the 19th century in such forms as
1959:
1779:"The lamination machine and laminating as thing-power in early childhood pedagogical practice"
2859:
2763:
2694:
2389:
1683:
in 1938 ... The first Pocket Book title was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck, and it was sold in
1193:
702:
629:
449:
356:
231:
69:
1763:
2494:
2350:
2064:
2059:
1610:
McCleery, Alistair. "The Return of the Publisher to Book History: The Case of Allen Lane".
1380:
1208:
1188:
659:
644:
606:
575:
560:
398:
303:
270:
224:
cut the experiment short. Albatross's innovations included a standardized size, use of new
80:(hardcover) books are bound with cardboard covered with cloth, leather, paper, or plastic.
924:. In the U.S., books of this size are thought of as smaller trade paperbacks (see below).
317:, produced by Pocket Books as a proof-of-concept in late 1938, and sold in New York City.
8:
2335:
2256:
2224:
1258:
1082:
498:
350:
282:
262:
163:
1481:]. Contacts. SĂ©rie 1, Theatrica (in French). Vol. 24. Peter Lang. p. 206.
1068:
series in one volume, usually an important storyline or the entire series, and the name
888:
The term B-format indicates a medium-sized paperback of 129 mm Ă— 198 mm (
2800:
2709:
2234:
2229:
1705:
1615:
1559:
1253:
1183:
483:
297:
Because of its number-one position in what became a very long list of pocket editions,
155:
2834:
2678:
2509:
2313:
2202:
2178:
1731:
1641:
1634:
1527:
1482:
1459:
Collection of British and American Authors (Tauchnitz) - Book Series List (Buchreihe)
1425:
1218:
1138:
876:
697:, Richard Himmel, and John Flagg - one western and three mysteries/adventure novels.
689:
That same month Fawcett released the first four Gold Medal books, original novels by
681:
387:
196:
The Continental market also supported examples of cheap paper-bound books: Bernhard
105:
73:
2054:
2818:
2778:
2746:
2577:
2188:
2108:
1798:
1790:
1148:
861:
773:
762:
747:
735:
731:
648:
617:
609:
579:
568:
457:
336:
220:
revised the 20th-century mass-market paperback format in 1931, but the approach of
1794:
651:
began publishing original fiction in mass–market paperback. It was revolutionary.
251:
2789:
2572:
2567:
2499:
2489:
2219:
2126:
1920:
1517:
1472:
1233:
945:
777:
666:
471:
463:
414:
372:
341:
217:
170:
or paperback editions of existing works, and distribute and sell them across the
392:
2828:
2795:
2721:
2636:
2631:
2602:
2582:
2415:
2330:
2249:
1523:
917:
866:
785:
769:
739:
727:
675:—reprinting material from Fawcett magazines not previously published in books.
564:
479:
381:
313:
110:
20:
2853:
2726:
2534:
2504:
2452:
1843:
1238:
1223:
1213:
1198:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1077:
1073:
921:
857:
846:
842:
831:
781:
758:
746:, published January 1, 1952 at 35 cents in the 7" height simultaneously with
712:
Other paperback publishers saw Gold Medal's success and began to emulate it.
690:
621:
540:
244:
171:
125:
121:
96:
812:
format. This includes the A-format books of 110 mm Ă— 178 mm (
2838:
2699:
2447:
2432:
2362:
2345:
1344:
1243:
1228:
1203:
1153:
808:
The mass-market paperback is a small, usually non-illustrated, inexpensive
556:
536:
528:
493:
433:
425:
361:
325:
278:
221:
88:
1500:
Anton Philipp Reclam (1807–1896) fit paraître à partir d'octobre 1857 les
2641:
2551:
2462:
2437:
2399:
2384:
2303:
2296:
2286:
2091:"Column: Salvos Against Big Brother; article: 'The Economics of Writing'"
1803:
1661:
1268:
809:
167:
2146:"Trade paperback - Biblio.co.uk Glossary of Book Collecting Terminology"
1619:
1105:
635:
448:
The success of Pocket Books led to others entering the market. In 1941,
28:
2716:
2420:
2357:
2291:
2149:
2086:
1178:
1143:
1120:
1065:
694:
602:
583:
532:
502:
487:
453:
308:
266:
240:
225:
92:
61:
36:
2587:
1109:
format, approximately the size of a trade-sized book. The most common
2731:
2661:
2482:
2472:
2379:
2367:
2340:
1839:"How Books Designed for Soldiers' Pockets Changed Publishing Forever"
1316:
1296:
1281:
1173:
1133:
1087:
853:
835:
827:
655:
613:
516:
During World War II, the U.S. military distributed some 122 million "
510:
431:
This list includes seven novels, the most recent being six year old (
197:
159:
77:
1586:"The Surprising History of Penguin Predecessor, the Albatross Press"
1003:
2741:
2653:
2646:
2544:
2517:
2457:
2441:
2325:
1286:
1092:
871:
506:
235:
1936 Penguin book. Color-coded orange and white for general fiction
84:
65:
643:
At first, paperbacks consisted entirely of reprints, but in 1950,
2539:
2529:
2522:
2308:
441:, both out of copyright), one mystery novel, one book of poetry (
175:
2751:
1072:
has become synonymous with a collection of reprinted material.
1064:
Trade paperbacks are often used to reprint several issues of a
201:
1948:
https://www.miskatonic.org/rara-avis/archives/200208/0062.html
856:
have given rise to the vaguely defined literary genre of the "
574:
The fifth major 1940s publisher of mass-market paperbacks was
2773:
2756:
2671:
2666:
2467:
1103:, when they are collected into volumes, are published in the
1100:
1820:"Publishers Gave Away 122,951,031 Books During World War II"
2768:
2272:
1960:
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5143980-executive-suite
57:
734:
left Bantam Books and founded their own publishing house,
2133:
1701:"Robert F. De Graff Dies At 86; Was Pocket Books Founder"
597:
New paperback publishers continued to enter the market -
2241:
2201:, Radnor, Pennsylvania: Wallace-Homestead Book Company.
19:"Paperbacks" redirects here. For the Canadian band, see
1777:
Skreland, Lisbeth Ljosdal; Steen-Johnsen, Tale (2022).
2199:
Hancer's Price Guide to Paperback Books, Third Edition
1776:
673:
What Today's Woman Should Know About Marriage and Sex
636:
The 1950s—The paperback original (fiction) revolution
1666:"How the Paperback Novel Changed Popular Literature"
1292:
George Kelley Paperback and Pulp Fiction Collection
265:(such as 20,000 copies—large for the time) to keep
1882:
1830:
1633:
916: in). This size has been used to distinguish
277:In the United States, Robert de Graaf created the
2007:University of North Carolina University Libraries
1461:, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
658:distributor, in 1945, negotiated a contract with
2851:
2020:
166:(founded in 1854) to mass-produce cheap uniform
113:edition "substantially bound in durable cloth."
1337:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1110:
2257:
2230:"Literary Novels Going Straight to Paperback"
211:
2192:Two-Bit Culture: The Paperbacking of America
1764:"A very brief history of CMYK - Alexander's"
1417:The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain
663:contract, Fawcett published two anthologies—
2175:Collectible Paperback Books, Second Edition
1728:Collectable Paperback Books, Second Edition
1322:
1032:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
852:The mass-market paperbacks sold in airport
2264:
2250:
1872:, (Random House), p. 78, accessed 3/6/2023
1583:
250:The first book on Penguin's 1935 list was
2177:, East Lansing, MI: Glenmoor Publishing.
1817:
1802:
1730:, East Lansing, MI: Glenmoor Publishing.
1366:"Did You Like This Book?", Emily Brontë,
1338:Wilson-Fletcher, Honor (11 August 2001).
1052:Learn how and when to remove this message
563:, Sidney B. Kramer, and husband and wife
2026:
1640:(1st ed.). New York: Random House.
1442:"Photographically Illustrated Books: XI"
230:
135:
120:Because paperbacks tend to have smaller
35:
27:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1558:Troy, Michele K. Wilson, Nicola (ed.).
1515:
437:, 1933), two classics (Shakespeare and
2852:
1973:"Crider, Bill. "Paperback Originals,"
1836:
1660:
1636:Another life: a memoir of other people
571:as a mass-market paperback publisher.
2245:
1983:from the original on 27 February 2012
1818:Appelbaum, Yoni (10 September 2014).
1698:
1631:
1564:Modernist Archives Publishing Project
1470:
726:In 1952, husband and wife publishers
16:Book with a paper or paperboard cover
2220:How to make a paperback book by hand
1925:
1699:Ennis, Thomas W. (3 November 1981).
1584:Rego Barry, Rebecca (3 April 2017).
1370:, Pocket Books, New York, 1939, n.p.
1030:adding citations to reliable sources
997:
754:and six were stand-alone originals.
64:cover, and often held together with
2027:McDowell, Edwin (10 January 1982).
1126:
452:, a magazine distributor, bought a
13:
2167:
1965:
1875:
1837:Giaimo, Cara (22 September 2017).
1692:
927:
14:
2881:
2238:article about paperback originals
2213:
2084:
948:. In the United States, the term
174:, principally via the ubiquitous
2833:
2824:
2823:
2813:
1592:. Chapel Hill, NC: OP Media, LLC
1557:
1002:
2814:
2138:
2117:
2078:
2047:
2003:"MASS-MARKET PAPERBACK HISTORY"
1995:
1953:
1941:
1902:
1858:
1811:
1770:
1756:
1740:
1720:
1654:
1625:
1604:
1577:
1551:
1509:
1424:, edited by David McKitterick,
1381:"Aspects of the Victorian book"
987:
527:The second development was the
474:, which was founded in 1921 by
281:label in 1939, partnering with
1913:The Mystery Readers Newsletter
1516:Fischer, Steven Roger (2004).
1464:
1452:
1434:
1409:
1391:
1373:
1360:
1309:
803:
424:(1928 English translation) by
208:series from 10 November 1867.
1:
1795:10.1080/14733285.2021.1965089
1302:
550:Four Tragedies of Shakespeare
60:is one with a thick paper or
2737:Conservation and restoration
1590:Fine Books & Collections
7:
2130:. 22 March 1960. p. 8.
1884:"People Who Read and Write"
1275:
1111:
883:
445:), and one self-help book.
368:The Murder of Roger Ackroyd
239:In 1935, British publisher
10:
2886:
1264:Vintage Crime/Black Lizard
991:
752:Farrar, Straus & Young
410:The Bridge of San Luis Rey
212:The early years: 1930–1950
131:
18:
2809:
2687:
2621:
2560:
2408:
2279:
2271:
2029:"The Paperback Evolution"
1471:Roger, Christine (2008).
149:Piles of paperback novels
2225:Glue Bound Book tutorial
2055:"Romance By The Numbers"
1119:(128 Ă— 182 mm) and
994:Trade paperback (comics)
798:
654:Fawcett, an independent
2395:Collection (publishing)
2319:Illuminated manuscripts
1632:Korda, Michael (1999).
1622:. Web. 10 October 2015.
518:Armed Services Editions
501:(invented in 1906) and
476:George T. Delacorte Jr.
2197:Hancer, Kevin (1990).
1783:Children's Geographies
1747:"Highbrow Smorgasbord"
1522:. Globalities Series.
1315:See, for example, the
1249:Scholastic Corporation
792:McClelland and Stewart
236:
176:W. H. Smith & Sons
162:(founded in 1836) and
150:
41:
33:
32:A blank paperback book
2764:Intellectual property
2390:Volume (bibliography)
1909:"Paperback Originals"
1614:. 5 (2002): 161–185.
1194:Harlequin Enterprises
1123:(148 Ă— 210 mm).
450:American News Company
234:
216:The German publisher
148:
39:
31:
2173:Canja, Jeff (2002).
2124:"Trade paperbacks".
2065:Meredith Corporation
2060:Entertainment Weekly
1726:Canja, Jeff. (2002)
1209:Macmillan Publishers
1026:improve this section
838:, and supermarkets.
660:New American Library
645:Fawcett Publications
576:New American Library
561:Walter B. Pitkin Jr.
399:The Way of All Flesh
347:Five Great Tragedies
283:Simon & Schuster
206:Universal-Bibliothek
160:Routledge & Sons
1919:3 July 2010 at the
1915:. 1971.Crider, Bill
938:trade paper edition
499:Four-color printing
351:William Shakespeare
2801:World Book Capital
2194:(Macmillan, 1984).
2033:The New York Times
1979:. Miskatonic.org.
1962:accessed 2/17/2023
1950:accessed 2/17/2023
1889:The New York Times
1753:, August 10, 1953.
1706:The New York Times
1519:History of Reading
1340:"Why Size Matters"
1254:Tower Publications
1189:Fawcett/Gold Medal
1184:Dover Publications
484:Western Publishing
237:
156:Simms and McIntyre
151:
42:
34:
2847:
2846:
2679:Coffee table book
2510:Bookworm (insect)
2189:Davis, Kenneth C.
1664:(30 March 2010).
1502:Œeuvres complètes
1368:Wuthering Heights
1219:Paperback Library
1062:
1061:
1054:
877:Brother Sebastian
714:Publishers Weekly
682:Publishers Weekly
620:(both 1952), and
439:Wuthering Heights
388:Wuthering Heights
146:
106:Wuthering Heights
2877:
2870:Book terminology
2837:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2747:History of books
2266:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2109:Mother of Demons
2104:
2102:
2093:. Archived from
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1766:. 24 March 2015.
1760:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1399:"Yellowbacks: I"
1395:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1335:
1320:
1313:
1149:Ballantine Books
1127:Major publishers
1114:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1006:
998:
979:
978:
974:
971:
966: in Ă—
965:
964:
960:
957:
928:Trade paperback
915:
914:
910:
907:
902: in Ă—
901:
900:
896:
893:
862:Ernie Bushmiller
825:
824:
820:
817:
774:Rudolph Belarski
763:Charles Einstein
748:Houghton Mifflin
736:Ballantine Books
732:Betty Ballantine
719:
649:Gold Medal Books
618:Ballantine Books
610:Gold Medal Books
580:Victor Weybright
569:Betty Ballantine
337:Wake Up and Live
192:
191:
187:
184:
147:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2865:Book publishing
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2805:
2790:The Philobiblon
2683:
2617:
2556:
2404:
2351:limited edition
2275:
2270:
2216:
2170:
2168:Further reading
2165:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2127:Financial Times
2123:
2122:
2118:
2100:
2098:
2097:on 16 July 2011
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1975:Paperback Forum
1971:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1926:
1921:Wayback Machine
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1864:William Inge, "
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1835:
1831:
1816:
1812:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1745:
1741:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1630:
1626:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1552:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1526:. p. 282.
1514:
1510:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1414:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1278:
1273:
1234:Popular Library
1129:
1070:trade paperback
1058:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1023:
1007:
996:
990:
976:
972:
969:
967:
962:
958:
955:
953:
950:trade paperback
946:acid-free paper
934:trade paperback
930:
918:literary novels
912:
908:
905:
903:
898:
894:
891:
889:
886:
822:
818:
815:
813:
806:
801:
778:Earle K. Bergey
744:Executive Suite
717:
638:
513:, and markets.
472:Dell Publishing
415:Thornton Wilder
373:Agatha Christie
342:Dorothea Brande
218:Albatross Books
214:
189:
185:
182:
180:
164:Ward & Lock
136:
134:
76:. In contrast,
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2796:World Book Day
2793:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2722:Book packaging
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:United Kingdom
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2235:New York Times
2227:
2222:
2215:
2214:External links
2212:
2211:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2137:
2116:
2077:
2046:
2019:
1994:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1924:
1901:
1874:
1857:
1829:
1810:
1789:(5): 701–713.
1769:
1755:
1739:
1719:
1691:
1653:
1646:
1624:
1603:
1576:
1550:
1532:
1524:Reaktion Books
1508:
1487:
1463:
1451:
1433:
1408:
1390:
1372:
1359:
1321:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1074:Graphic novels
1060:
1059:
1010:
1008:
1001:
992:Main article:
989:
986:
929:
926:
885:
882:
847:first editions
843:romance novels
805:
802:
800:
797:
786:John Steinbeck
770:pulp magazines
759:Frederic Brown
740:Cameron Hawley
637:
634:
559:was formed by
482:, joined with
480:pulp magazines
470:The next year
429:
428:
417:
406:
395:
384:
382:Dorothy Parker
375:
364:
353:
344:
333:
314:The Good Earth
288:livre de poche
213:
210:
133:
130:
122:profit margins
111:Modern Library
97:airport novels
21:The Paperbacks
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Book swapping
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2613:United States
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Print culture
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Bibliotherapy
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2207:0-87069-536-3
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:0-9673639-5-0
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:Flint, Eric.
2081:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1846:
1845:
1844:Atlas Obscura
1840:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1804:11250/2835029
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1736:0-9673639-5-0
1733:
1729:
1723:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1535:
1533:9781861892096
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1490:
1488:9783039104222
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Vintage Books
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:Pyramid Books
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Penguin Books
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Midwood Books
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:HarperCollins
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Black Library
1167:
1165:
1164:Belmont Books
1162:
1160:
1159:Berkley Books
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1078:Marvel Comics
1075:
1071:
1067:
1056:
1053:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:This section
1009:
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
981:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:(also called
935:
925:
923:
922:genre fiction
919:
881:
879:
878:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
858:airport novel
855:
850:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
811:
796:
793:
789:
787:
783:
782:Arthur Miller
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
721:
715:
710:
706:
704:
698:
696:
692:
691:W. R. Burnett
687:
684:
683:
676:
674:
670:
668:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
641:
633:
631:
625:
623:
622:Berkley Books
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:(both 1949),
604:
603:Pyramid Books
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
546:
542:
541:Broadway play
538:
534:
530:
525:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
465:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
435:
434:Lost Horizons
427:
423:
422:
418:
416:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:Samuel Butler
401:
400:
396:
394:
390:
389:
385:
383:
379:
376:
374:
370:
369:
365:
363:
359:
358:
354:
352:
348:
345:
343:
339:
338:
334:
332:
328:
327:
323:
322:
321:
318:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
295:
291:
289:
284:
280:
275:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
252:André Maurois
248:
246:
245:Penguin Books
242:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
177:
173:
172:British Isles
169:
165:
161:
157:
129:
127:
126:genre fiction
123:
118:
114:
112:
108:
107:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:Glued binding
38:
30:
26:
22:
2860:Book formats
2788:
2784:Preservation
2700:Book burning
2695:Banned books
2448:Bibliophilia
2433:Bibliography
2372:
2363:advance copy
2346:instant book
2314:Illustration
2297:dust jackets
2233:
2198:
2191:
2174:
2153:. Retrieved
2140:
2125:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:the original
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2058:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2032:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1974:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1912:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:
1877:
1869:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1842:
1832:
1824:The Atlantic
1823:
1813:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1727:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1682:
1675:. Retrieved
1669:
1662:Trubek, Anne
1656:
1635:
1627:
1612:Book History
1611:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1544:
1537:. Retrieved
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1492:. Retrieved
1478:
1473:
1466:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1421:
1420:, volume 6:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1345:The Guardian
1343:
1311:
1244:Random House
1229:Pocket Books
1204:Lancer Books
1104:
1098:
1091:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1039:
1024:Please help
1012:
988:Trade comics
982:
949:
941:
937:
933:
931:
887:
875:
865:
851:
840:
807:
804:Mass-market
790:
767:
756:
743:
725:
722:
713:
711:
707:
699:
688:
680:
677:
672:
665:The Best of
664:
653:
642:
639:
626:
596:
591:
587:
573:
557:Bantam Books
554:
549:
543:
537:William Inge
529:spinner rack
526:
522:
515:
494:World War II
492:
469:
462:
447:
442:
438:
432:
430:
426:Felix Salten
419:
408:
397:
393:Emily Brontë
386:
377:
366:
362:Thorne Smith
355:
346:
335:
331:James Hilton
326:Lost Horizon
324:
319:
312:
304:Lost Horizon
302:
299:James Hilton
296:
292:
287:
279:Pocket Books
276:
260:
255:
249:
238:
222:World War II
215:
205:
195:
158:of Belfast,
152:
119:
115:
104:
101:
82:
68:rather than
53:
49:
45:
43:
25:
2717:Book curses
2593:Netherlands
2463:Bookselling
2438:Bibliomania
2421:Bestsellers
2409:Consumption
2400:Book series
2385:Typesetting
2132:, cited in
2035:. p. 7
2012:24 February
1987:27 February
1850:29 December
1671:Smithsonian
1596:17 December
1569:17 December
1560:"Albatross"
1539:17 February
1494:17 February
1352:16 November
1269:Zebra Books
1117:Japanese B6
1042:August 2023
980: in).
810:bookbinding
486:to publish
478:to publish
443:Enough Rope
378:Enough Rope
267:unit prices
93:dime novels
89:yellowbacks
2854:Categories
2662:audiobooks
2561:By country
2514:Furniture
2505:Digitizing
2500:Collecting
2490:Censorship
2473:book towns
2358:Publishing
2341:incunabula
2280:Production
2150:Biblio.com
2101:17 October
2087:Eric Flint
1712:9 November
1647:0679456597
1430:0521866243
1303:References
1179:Dell Books
1144:Baen Books
1115:sizes are
1083:Secret War
854:newsstands
836:drugstores
695:Sax Rohmer
599:Lion Books
584:Kurt Enoch
533:dime store
511:dimestores
507:drugstores
503:lamination
488:Dell Books
454:dime novel
413:(1927) by
402:(1903) by
391:(1847) by
380:(1926) by
371:(1926) by
360:(1926) by
340:(1936) by
329:(1933) by
309:Pearl Buck
271:Woolworths
263:print runs
241:Allen Lane
226:sans-serif
168:yellowback
62:paperboard
2732:Book tour
2705:incidents
2637:miniature
2632:fictional
2518:bookcases
2458:Bookmarks
2373:paperback
2368:hardcover
1446:www.bl.uk
1422:1830–1914
1403:www.bl.uk
1385:www.bl.uk
1319:editions.
1317:Tauchnitz
1297:Hardcover
1282:Book size
1174:DAW Books
1134:Ace Books
1099:Japanese
1088:DC Comics
1013:does not
884:B-format
841:In 1982,
703:Doubleday
656:newsstand
630:Harlequin
614:Ace Books
555:In 1945,
198:Tauchnitz
85:pamphlets
50:softcover
46:paperback
2829:Category
2742:Dog ears
2658:Formats
2654:Grimoire
2647:textbook
2598:Pakistan
2545:literacy
2523:bookends
2442:tsundoku
2326:Printing
2039:15 March
1981:Archived
1917:Archived
1894:10 April
1870:Bus Stop
1620:30228189
1348:. London
1287:Bunkobon
1276:See also
1112:tankĹŤbon
1106:tankĹŤbon
1093:Watchmen
872:Chon Day
832:airports
828:hardback
686:copies.
669:Magazine
624:(1955).
612:(1950),
545:Bus Stop
78:hardback
70:stitches
54:softback
2819:Outline
2779:Outline
2688:Related
2628:Genres
2578:Germany
2552:Reviews
2540:Reading
2530:Library
2478:history
2336:history
2331:edition
2309:Editing
2287:Binding
2155:4 March
2089:(ed.).
1866:Act Two
1677:2 April
1034:removed
1019:sources
975:⁄
961:⁄
911:⁄
897:⁄
821:⁄
607:Fawcett
594:lines.
188:⁄
132:History
74:staples
2839:Portal
2752:scroll
2667:Ebooks
2642:pop-up
2573:France
2568:Brazil
2468:blurbs
2416:Awards
2304:Design
2292:Covers
2205:
2181:
1938:Crider
1734:
1685:Macy's
1644:
1618:
1530:
1485:
1428:
1154:Bantam
1121:ISO A5
761:, and
592:Signet
588:Mentor
357:Topper
202:Reclam
95:, and
2774:Novel
2757:codex
2672:Folio
2622:Other
2603:Spain
2588:Japan
2583:Italy
2495:Clubs
2273:Books
2070:7 May
1616:JSTOR
1477:[
1101:manga
1066:comic
942:trade
920:from
867:Nancy
799:Types
421:Bambi
256:Ariel
2769:ISBN
2710:Nazi
2483:used
2426:list
2380:Size
2203:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2157:2021
2103:2007
2072:2018
2041:2018
2014:2024
1989:2013
1896:2016
1852:2018
1751:Time
1732:ISBN
1714:2019
1679:2024
1642:ISBN
1598:2019
1571:2019
1541:2013
1528:ISBN
1496:2013
1483:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1354:2006
1139:Avon
1086:and
1017:any
1015:cite
940:and
870:and
784:and
776:and
730:and
671:and
667:True
616:and
601:and
590:and
582:and
567:and
464:Time
458:Avon
66:glue
58:book
2134:OED
1977:#1"
1868:",
1799:hdl
1791:doi
1028:by
874:'s
864:'s
742:'s
728:Ian
565:Ian
539:'s
349:by
311:'s
301:'s
72:or
2856::
2232:,
2148:.
2105:.
2063:.
2057:.
2031:.
2005:.
1927:^
1911:.
1887:.
1841:.
1822:.
1797:.
1787:20
1785:.
1781:.
1749:,
1703:.
1681:.
1668:.
1588:.
1562:.
1543:.
1498:.
1444:.
1401:.
1383:.
1342:.
1324:^
1096:.
1090:'
1080:'
932:A
880:.
834:,
788:.
765:.
693:,
647:'
509:,
258:.
254:'
91:,
87:,
56:)
52:,
44:A
2444:)
2440:(
2265:e
2258:t
2251:v
2209:.
2185:.
2159:.
2074:.
2043:.
2016:.
1991:.
1898:.
1854:.
1826:.
1807:.
1801::
1793::
1716:.
1687:.
1650:.
1600:.
1573:.
1448:.
1405:.
1387:.
1356:.
1055:)
1049:(
1044:)
1040:(
1036:.
1022:.
977:2
973:1
970:+
968:8
963:8
959:3
956:+
954:5
913:4
909:3
906:+
904:7
899:8
895:1
892:+
890:5
823:8
819:3
816:+
814:4
718:"
190:8
186:3
183:+
181:4
179:(
48:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.