270:(FIT), Barber, his colleagues, and business partners worked to perfect the design. In 1997, Kathy Kirbo established The Reef Ball Foundation, Inc as a non-profit organization with original founders being Todd Barber as chairman and charter member, Kathy Kirbo founding executive director, board secretary, and charter member, Larry Beggs as vice president and a charter member and Eric Krasle as treasurer and a charter member, Jay Jorgensen as a charter member. Reef balls can be found in almost every coastal state in the United States, and on every continent including Antarctica. The foundation has expanded the scope of its projects to include coral rescue, propagation and transplant operations, beach restorations,
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than materials of opportunity. Some examples of specialized adaptations which "designed reefs" can use include: specialized surface textures, coral planting attachment points, specialized pH-neutral surfaces (such as neutralized concrete, ceramics, or mineral accretion surfaces), fissures to create
341:
The Reef Ball
Foundation manufactures reef balls for open ocean deployment in sizes from 0.3 to 2.5 metres (1 to 8 ft) in diameter and 15 to 3,500 kilograms (30 to 8,000 lb) in weight. Reef balls are hollow, and typically have several convex-concave holes of varying sizes to most closely
541:
The trend in artificial reef development has been toward the construction of designed artificial reefs, built from materials specifically designed to function as reefs. Designed systems (such as reef balls) can be modified to achieve a variety of goals. These include coral reef
911:
285:
In 2001, Reef Ball
Foundation took control of the Reef Ball Development Group, and operates all aspects of the business as a non-profit organization. By 2007, the foundation has deployed 550,000 reef balls worldwide.
242:
Reef Ball
Development Group was founded in 1993 by Todd Barber, with the goal of helping to preserve and protect coral reefs for the benefit of future generations. Barber witnessed his favorite coral reef on
1665:
255:
of eroding coral reefs. Barber and his father patented the idea of building reef substrate modules with a central inflatable bladder, so that the modules would be
689:
1397:
1263:
234:. The foundation has established "reef ball reefs" in 59 countries. Over 550,000 reef balls have been deployed in more than 4,000 projects.
588:
for corals, and avoidance of materials such as iron (which may cause algae to overgrow coral). Other types of designed systems can create
230:
technology, combined with coral propagation, transplant technology, public education, and community training to build, restore and protect
572:
coral replanting. Designed systems can overcome many of the problems associated with "materials of opportunity" such as stability in
393:
restoration, mangrove plantings, oyster reef creation, coral propagation, natural disaster recovery, erosion control, and education.
576:, durability, biological fit, lack of potential pollution problems, availability, and reduction in long-term artificial reef costs.
17:
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Designed reefs have been developed specifically for coral reef rehabilitation, and can therefore be used in a more specific
373:
Over the last decade, research has been conducted with respect to the ability of artificial reefs to produce or attract
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354:
concrete, and are treated to create a rough surface texture, in order to promote settling by marine organisms such as
1432:
528:
377:, the effectiveness of reef balls in replicating natural habitat, and mitigating disasters. The use of reef balls as
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opportunities for lobsters, create oyster beds, or be used for a large variety of other specialized needs.
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830:"Distribution and Diversity of Fishes at Artificial Reef Balls Around Talang-Talang Islands, Sematan"
58:
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464:
971:. Proceedings of the 3rd International Surfing Reef Symposium, Raglan, New Zealand. pp. 176–8
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259:, making them easy to deploy by hand or with a small boat, rather than requiring heavy machinery.
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development. Reef Ball also participates in education and outreach regarding environmental
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Todd Barber, Kathy Kirbo, Larry Beggs, Eric Krasle, Jay
Jorgensen, and Laura Shellhorse
912:"Hypothesis-based Restoration Study For Mitigation of a Damaged SE Florida Coral Reef"
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1327:
910:
Quinn, TP; Glynn, EA; Dodge, RE; Banks, K; Fisher, L; Spieler, RE (August 12, 2005).
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389:
The foundation undertakes an array of projects including artificial reef deployment,
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992:"Stability analysis performed for the proposed submerged artificial reef breakwater"
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313:. Almost 25,000 reef balls have been established in the surrounding seas of Mexico.
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It may require cleanup to comply with
Knowledge's content policies, particularly
562:
replanting, enhancement of lobster fisheries, creation of oyster reefs, estuary
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1387:
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1136:
460:
965:
Artificial Reef
Structures for Shoreline Stabilization and Habitat Enhancement
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National
Erosion Control Development and Demonstration Program (Section 227)
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nesting islands to deter netting, successfully increasing nesting numbers.
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In 2019, Reef Ball
Foundation deployed 1,400 reef balls in the shores of
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non-profit organization that functions as an international environmental
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1182:
1080:
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513: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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943:. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. September 2004
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damage from mining operations and restore thousands of coral heads.
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874:. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: 196–200.
861:"Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants"
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Over the next few years, with the help of research colleagues at
197:
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In
Australia, reef balls have been used to enhance fisheries in
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705:
http://www.reefball.org/grantsupport/RBFGrantSupportDocs.pdfref
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367:
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1215:
1076:
632:"Form 990 of Reef Ball Foundation, Inc. for Fiscal Year 2019"
359:
355:
404:, undertaking 4,700 modules were deployed around the island.
27:
Non-profit organization to promote artificial reef building
758:"Plans under way for artificial reef in Progreso, Yucatán"
381:
and for beach stabilization has been extensively studied.
1666:
Environmental organizations based in
Georgia (U.S. state)
1220:
441:, and as a submerged breakwater to create oyster reefs.
347:
342:
approximate natural coral reef conditions by creating
46:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
909:
828:Nyanti, Lee; Najib, Nazzatul Asyikin Mohd (2005).
782:
411:, 5,000 reef balls were deployed around protected
266:, Nationwide Artificial Reef Coordinators and the
251:, and wanted to do something to help increase the
732:"From Balls of Concrete To Habitats for Sea Life"
1657:
448:, reef balls were planted with corals after the
293:in Mexico. Artificial reefs were also built in
1264:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
1061:
785:"Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation"
660:"Reef restoration provides passion for diver"
776:
478:
983:
852:
827:
783:Pickering, Helen; Whitmarsh, David (1997).
1075:
1068:
1054:
955:
717:"The Reef Ball Foundation's Global Impact"
566:, and even exotic uses such as deep water
316:
95:
926:
903:
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821:
529:Learn how and when to remove this message
433:, USA, reef balls were installed beneath
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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14:
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1343:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
989:
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723:
652:
546:, fishery enhancement, snorkeling and
1495:Environmental issues with coral reefs
1049:
729:
511:adding citations to reliable sources
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31:
666:. Cable News Network. March 7, 2008
24:
840:(1). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
624:
25:
1702:
1034:
990:Harris, Lee E (August 12, 2005).
730:Naik, Gautam (October 26, 2007).
554:protection, surfing enhancement,
1538:International Coral Reef Society
1378:Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
1159:
487:
57:. Please discuss further on the
36:
1469:Stony coral tissue loss disease
1005:
914:. National Coral Reef Institute
498:needs additional citations for
268:Florida Institute of Technology
868:ICES Journal of Marine Science
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13:
1:
1398:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
800:10.1016/s0165-7836(97)00019-2
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221:non-governmental organization
346:. Reef balls are made from
7:
1423:Southeast Asian coral reefs
962:Harris, Lee E (June 2003).
595:
384:
10:
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1383:New Caledonia barrier reef
703:Articles of Incorporation
396:Notable projects include:
333:Reef balls, lowering into
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213:Reef Ball Foundation, Inc.
90:Reef Ball Foundation, Inc.
1671:Environmental engineering
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1275:Spur and groove formation
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738:. Dow Jones & Company
479:Designed artificial reefs
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1338:East African coral coast
639:Internal Revenue Service
452:to help restore tourism.
18:The Reef Ball Foundation
1691:Fisheries organizations
1681:501(c)(3) organizations
317:Technology and research
1505:Coral reef restoration
934:"Miami Beach, Florida"
881:10.1006/jmsc.2001.1163
338:
326:
223:. The foundation uses
145:Ocean ecosystem repair
1676:Ecology organizations
1500:Coral reef protection
1464:Skeletal eroding band
1270:Catlin Seaview Survey
1258:Census of Coral Reefs
1236:mesophotic coral reef
694: Reef Ball patent
602:Underwater sculptures
337:, Louisiana, USA 2009
332:
324:
264:University of Georgia
55:neutral point of view
1610:Aquaculture of coral
1393:Non-tropical regions
1041:Reef Ball Foundation
859:Sherman, RL (2002).
834:RIMC Research Update
558:sites, planters for
507:improve this article
1528:Coral Reef Alliance
1418:Solomon Archipelago
1323:Belize Barrier Reef
1298:African coral reefs
736:Wall Street Journal
463:used reef balls to
91:
1474:White band disease
1459:Black band disease
1428:Tuvalu Archipelago
1408:Raja Ampat Islands
1348:Great Barrier Reef
792:Fisheries Research
450:Boxing Day Tsunami
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335:Lake Pontchartrain
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198:reefballfoundation
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1479:White pox disease
1328:Coral Sea Islands
762:Mexico News Daily
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291:Progreso, Yucatán
282:and coral reefs.
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249:Hurricane Gilbert
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50:with its subject.
16:(Redirected from
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1543:Project AWARE
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556:fish spawning
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1488:Conservation
1403:Pulley Ridge
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1170:Octocorallia
1089:Hexacorallia
1020:. Retrieved
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642:. Retrieved
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505:Please help
500:verification
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461:P.T. Newmont
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295:Quintana Roo
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245:Grand Cayman
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1686:Coral reefs
1579:Amphidinium
1368:Lakshadweep
1303:Amazon Reef
1208:Coral reefs
1081:coral reefs
686:US 5564369A
590:aquaculture
519:August 2018
379:breakwaters
352:microsilica
280:stewardship
232:coral reefs
181:Volunteers
1660:Categories
1645:Fire coral
1630:Coral sand
1553:Reef Check
1533:Green Fins
1248:Microatoll
1188:Organ pipe
1112:Hermatypic
1022:August 21,
664:CNN Heroes
618:References
612:Reef Check
426:resources.
413:sea turtle
350:-balanced
344:whirlpools
325:Reef balls
253:resiliency
137:65-0785751
132:Tax ID no.
1625:Coral rag
1548:Reef Ball
1318:Baa Atoll
1013:"Antigua"
890:1054-3139
846:1675-5820
808:0165-7836
457:Indonesia
439:sea walls
431:Tampa Bay
225:reef ball
217:501(c)(3)
175:$ 226,826
124:501(c)(3)
59:talk page
1373:Maldives
1363:Kiribati
1313:Apo Reef
1243:Fringing
1198:Sea pens
1193:Sea fans
1151:Tabulate
1137:Staghorn
1107:Elegance
596:See also
586:currents
560:mangrove
550:trails,
465:mitigate
420:Campeche
409:Malaysia
385:Projects
311:Campache
307:Veracruz
272:mangrove
168:Revenue
150:Location
112:Founders
1413:Red Sea
1358:Jamaica
1132:Elkhorn
1117:Chalice
569:Oculina
424:fishery
402:Antigua
391:estuary
375:biomass
368:sponges
276:nursery
257:buoyant
238:History
193:Website
104:Founded
1438:Yabiji
1178:Bamboo
1145:Rugose
1122:Pillar
1077:Corals
888:
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768:May 7,
691:
574:storms
548:diving
356:corals
309:, and
303:Colima
183:(2019)
170:(2019)
1598:Other
1353:India
1226:Coral
1216:Atoll
1127:Table
1102:Brain
1097:Black
969:(PDF)
937:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
635:(PDF)
581:niche
435:docks
360:algae
215:is a
159:, USA
142:Focus
1183:Blue
1079:and
1024:2018
999:2009
977:2009
949:2009
920:2009
897:2009
886:ISSN
842:ISSN
815:2009
804:ISSN
770:2020
744:2009
672:2009
646:2021
366:and
200:.org
120:Type
107:1993
1221:Cay
876:doi
796:doi
509:by
455:In
444:In
429:In
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