1050:. A nation is a political expression of a society. It is best constructed when evolving organically in line with traditional bonds and divine order, like the Spanish nation has. It is not possible to build a nation against these principles, by severing the old ties, which have been pulling various organic components together. An attempt to build a nation this way – like the Catalan and Basque nationalism – is doomed to failure, since the Catalans and the Basques are traditionally organic parts of the Spanish entity. Their separate features should be reflected by decentralized structure of the state, which respects regional rights. In this way the Basque and Catalan personalities, embodied in
1098:. Acute social problems, including these agonizing Spain, were principally the result of liberalism, the system which put individual rights before the common good and allowed no limits to exploiting advantages resulting from accumulation of wealth and power. Catholic principles provide a logic, and the corporativist state, with every organ of the society properly represented, provides a machinery to solve the social problems and implement mechanisms regulating distribution of wealth. These mechanisms include the right to confiscate and redistribute unused or abused private property, which though natural and just, was limited by religious and social considerations.
42:
1086:. The law is defined by three organs, the king, the Cortes and the council (consisting of the royal nominees). Any new proposed measure, if approved by the king, is discussed in the separate sections of the Cortes, and then agreed during a common debate. If accepted, the proposal goes before the council, which examines it from the constitutional and legal point of view. Next it goes to the king, who either approves or rejects it. In case of the latter the whole process can be repeated, but the second royal veto kills the motion definitely.
1092:. The executive powers rest with the King and his appointees. The state nevertheless would be a fairly withdrawn structure; its principal responsibilities are safeguarding the country against foreign designs (volunteer army though conscription possible in case of urgency), ensuring internal order and safety and pursuit of justice, based on Catholic public law. The state works for the spiritual unity of a nation and is responsible for regulating educational issues, the educative function itself is principally transferred to the Church.
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should be built along different lines. It is logical that a nation is not homogeneous and is composed of various classes, which are natural, necessary and mutually dependent. The main six classes are: agriculture, industry, commerce, property, liberal professions and manual labour. Apart from them, a
1064:
an hereditary monarch does not depend upon any oligarchy, plebiscite or any temporary and egoistic coalition of interests, while his private interests and the public interests coincide. Such a monarch might be assisted, should this prove necessary, by a set of institutions surrounding him. He is not
1131:
were missing a comparable, detailed, integrated, visionary doctrine. The organic vision of the society and the corporativist vision of the future state were largely accepted and shared. Key differences focused on the questions of monarchy, coercive powers of state and degree of social engineering.
1065:
an absolute ruler; his powers are limited by the principles of the divine order and by the social sovereignty of the components, forming the nation. Surely no liberal monarch can fulfill this role; only a monarch respecting the tradition of an organic, Catholic society can do.
1044:. Such a nation has developed over time, as different social components were gradually fitting one to another and building a common structure. A society as described by the liberals, a set of equal individuals, is merely a theoretical concept and can not exist in practice.
1080:, which is formed by a diversity of occupations and interests. Each class should send 50 representatives to the national assembly, as should state bodies (except regions), regions and national bodies. The Cortes would hence be composed of 450 deputies.
1029:. Both champion the cause of an individual, free of any bonds, and by this token both lead to destruction of every civil society. The rights of a man exist not as boundless freedoms, but only when combined with duties of a man, duties towards God.
993:, whom he considered a mentor and intellectual master. It was evolving gradually, in course of some 40 years, starting late 19th century. At first, its elements were expressed as press articles and various public addresses, including these in the
997:. Later they also took shape of conference papers and historical books. The almost final expression of Pradera's political theory was incorporated in a series of articles printed throughout 1934, to be finally integrated in
1039:
and regions, which interact with one another and form a network of dependencies. This construction is topped by a nation, which is not a collection of individuals sharing the same identity, but an organically constituted
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Among the Left the vision of
Pradera did not attract much attention, since Carlism and its theories were considered profoundly archaic, if not simply long dead. Some greeted
1025:, is an attempt to disregard this dependence, and hence it is faulty and false. This concept is even more brought to extremes in the socialist thought, developed by
1168:
theory. Some historians consider
Pradera's work a disintegration rather than integration of Carlism, the result of political amorphism of the 1930s.
1060:. A nation might express itself either as a monarchy or a republic, though there is no doubt that only the former option is nearing perfection. As
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1021:
would like), but merely weak. This results in human dependence upon God, which can not be removed. Liberal concept of a man, designed by
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state structure consists of six state bodies: diplomacy, judiciary, army, clergy, aristocracy and regions. Another separate category is
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intellectuals as an in-depth discourse of their ideology and a guidance for the future. Among the
Spanish Right of the 1930s
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981:. It contains a political theory, intended to reveal key political laws and to propose an adequate vision of the state.
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José Luis Orella Martínez, Víctor
Pradera: Un Católico en la Vida Pública de Principios de Siglo, Madrid 2000,
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1035:. It is natural that men, in fulfillment of their duties, form different groups, e.g. families, townships,
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made a huge intellectual impact, especially that all the competing formations, the
Alfonsists from
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Manuel
Martorell Pérez, Nuevas aportaciones históricas sobre la evolución ideológica del carlismo
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1160:– but never as an alleged theoretical foundation of the state. Today it is usually regarded as a
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with amusement, as an utopian nonsense, rather than with hostility. On the
Marxist left, be it
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Martin
Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931–1939, Cambridge 1975,
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Evarist Olcina, El
Carlismo y las autonomías regionales, Madrid 1974,
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1071:. Parties can not represent a nation properly, and
989:Pradera's political vision was clearly incepted by
1152:Pradera's vision was referred to with sympathy –
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1156:himself wrote a foreword to the 1945 edition of
1013:. A Man is by definition neither good (as the
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1001:, the book published in Madrid in 1935.
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1144:, Pradera's work was considered to be
1127:and the rapidly growing fascists from
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16:1935 book by Víctor Pradera
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452:The Dehumanization of Art
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713:Liberal Republican Right
665:Navarrese People's Union
462:The Revolt of the Masses
254:1923 Spanish coup d'état
1193:Second Spanish Republic
916:Conservatism portal
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1178:Víctor Pradera Larumbe
884:Sociological Francoism
1198:Christian corporatism
1123:, the Catholics from
879:Immigration and crime
851:Revista Contemporánea
117:Political Catholicism
34:Conservatism in Spain
1107:Upon the release of
1042:society of societies
977:) is a 1935 book by
86:National Catholicism
1121:Renovacion Espanola
889:Spanish irredentism
794:Movimiento Nacional
442:Liberalism is a Sin
249:Bourbon Restoration
139:Spanish nationalism
122:Christian democracy
743:Spanish Renovation
697:Conservative Party
1215:978-0-521-20729-4
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728:People's Alliance
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172:Familialism
111:Noucentisme
1248:Categories
1235:8479145579
1204:References
1162:monarchist
971:(Spanish:
836:El Alcázar
797:(factions)
709:(factions)
564:Goicoechea
554:Gil-Robles
435:Literature
413:de Unamuno
358:Gil Robles
211:Patriotism
183:Hispanidad
151:Principles
51:Ideologies
1148:. In the
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1138:socialist
1103:Reception
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624:de Tejada
604:de Rivera
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408:de Tejada
403:Santayana
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373:Marhuenda
226:Tradition
167:Authority
93:Integrism
81:Francoism
57:Alfonsism
1172:See also
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846:La Razón
639:Valiente
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368:Losantos
313:Albiñana
199:Monarchy
104:Mellismo
26:a series
24:Part of
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238:History
98:Maurism
62:Carlism
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544:Franco
524:Cosidó
509:Casado
476:(1935)
466:(1929)
456:(1925)
446:(1884)
393:Panero
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353:Gambra
323:Balmes
289:Búnker
189:Honour
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559:Girón
539:Fraga
504:Aznar
499:Ayuso
418:Vigón
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1027:Marx
778:FAES
692:CEDA
328:Cela
295:20-N
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1011:Man
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