435:
jurors, Judge Hand stated, "I do not have to remind you that every man has the right to have such economic, philosophic or religious opinions as seem to him best, whether they be socialist, anarchistic or atheistic." After deliberating from
Thursday afternoon to Saturday, the jury returned with two decisions. First, the jury was unable to come to a unanimous decision. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, the jurors seeking to convict the defendants blamed one juror for being unable to conform to the majority opinion, as he was also a socialist and, consequently, un-American. Not only did the other eleven jurors demand the prosecutor to levy charges against the lone juror, but moved to drag the socialist supporter out into the street and lynch him. Judge Hand, given the uproar, declared a mistrial.
856:
284:
36:
819:, who served on the editorial board for the full run of the magazine, is credited with first using the term "ash can art" in 1916. These artists were attempting to record real life and create honest pictures, and they would often use the crayon technique to do so. This technique resulted in "capturing the feeling of a rapid sketch made on the spot and permitting a direct, unmediated response to what they saw" and is commonly found on the pages of
781:
423:" Merrill Rogers jumped to the floor to salute the flag. Only after the fourth time that the band played the tune and only after the Judge asked him did Rogers finally dispense with the salute." Finally, only five of seven defendants even appeared for the trial – Reed was still in Russia and H.J. Glintenkamp was of unknown whereabouts, though rumored to be anywhere from South America to Idaho.
374:, Pinchot expressed his support of their cause and agreed with the two editors' charge that the AP was operating as a monopoly "in constraint of truth". The AP demanded he retract his statement on the threat of a $ 150,000 libel lawsuit, but Pinchot persuaded the organization that the publicity would reflect poorly on them and the suit went nowhere. The defense consulted the lawyer
452:
these men be punished." Art Young, who had taken to sleeping through most of the court proceedings, awoke at the end of Barnes's argument, whispering loudly, "What? Didn't he die for me?" John Reed, sitting next to Young responded, "Cheer up Art, Jesus died for you." As before, the jury returned unable to come to a unanimous decision (though without threats of violence).
335:
after it was discovered that the AP's local correspondent was also a member of the tribunal. The editorial was accompanied by a cartoon by Art Young, entitled "Poisoned at the Source", which featured a figure of the AP poisoning the reservoir of news with "Lies", "Suppressed Facts", "Prejudice", "Slander", and "Hatred of Labor
Organization".
216:
searching for true causes; a magazine directed against rigidity and dogma wherever it is found; printing what is too naked or true for a money-making press; a magazine whose final policy is to do as it pleases and conciliate nobody, not even its readers — There is a field for this publication in
America. Help us to find it.
899:
was known. John Sloan's drawings of the working class and immigrants, for example, advocated for labor rights; Alice Beach Winter's work was known to emphasized motherhood and the plight of working children; and
Maurice Becker's city life scenes satirized the extravagant lifestyle of the upper class.
876:
During the later years of its publication, the magazine embraced more modernist art than before, although it never dropped realist illustrations completely. Several of the cover issues from 1916 and 1917 attest to this shift. Instead of featuring crayon drawings of realistic scenes with gentle social
434:
altered the charges against the defendants and attempted to preface the jury of their constitutional duties. Hand dismissed all the charges against
Josephine Bell, and dismissed the first count – "conspiracy to cause mutiny and refusal of duty"—against the remaining defendants. Prior to releasing the
215:
A Free
Magazine — This magazine is owned and published cooperatively by its editors. It has no dividends to pay, and nobody is trying to make money out of it. A revolutionary and not a reform magazine; a magazine with a sense of humour and no respect for the respectable; frank; arrogant; impertinent;
451:
Ending his closing arguments, Prosecutor Barnes invoked the image of a dead soldier in France, stating, "He lies dead, and he died for you and he died for me. He died for Max
Eastman. He died for John Reed. He died for Merrill Rogers. His voice is but one of a thousand silent voices that demand that
414:
The trial opened April 15, 1918, and despite the onslaught of prejudicial emotions, the defendants were not very worried. The Masses cohort, aware of the prosecutory artifice, played up a lackadaisical performance of absurdist humor. "Contributing to a carnival atmosphere that first day of the trial
334:
of "having suppressed and colored the news of that strike in favor of the employers". Eastman detailed the AP's alleged suppression of information regarding the abuses carried out by a military tribunal set up to punish striking coal workers, and also accused the AP of having a conflict of interest,
298:
After
Eastman assumed leadership, and especially after August 1914, the magazine's denouncements of the war were frequent and fierce. In the September 1914 edition of his column, "Knowledge and Revolution," Eastman predicted: "Probably no one will actually be the victor in this gambler's war—for we
342:
against
Eastman and Young through its attorney William Rand, but the suit was dismissed by a judge. Rand followed up by persuading the District Attorney in New York City to convene a Grand Jury, which indicted Eastman and Young for criminal libel in December 1913. The two editors were arrested on
410:
found brief success in having the ban overturned; however, after bringing public attention to the issue, the government officially identified the "treasonable material" in the 1917 August issue and, shortly after, issued charges against Max
Eastman, Floyd Dell, John Reed, Josephine Bell, H.J.
827:
began to assert more influence over what was published and began printing material without first submitting it to the editorial board for a vote. While the majority of the editorial board backed up Eastman, some of the staff questioned "what they saw as Eastman's attempts to turn
685:
in their spare time and promoted it (sometimes in veiled terms) in their pieces. Support for these social reforms was sometimes controversial within Marxist circles at the time; some argued that they were distractions from a more proper political goal, class revolution.
154:
Piet Vlag, an eccentric Dutch socialist immigrant from the Netherlands, founded the magazine in 1911. For the first year of its publication, the printing and engraving costs of the magazine were paid for by a sympathetic patron, Rufus Weeks, a vice president at the
411:
Glintenkamp, Art Young, and Merrill Rogers. Charged with seeking to "unlawfully and willfully…obstruct the recruiting and enlistment of the United States" military, Eastman and his "conspirators" faced fines up to 10,000 dollars and twenty years imprisonment.
447:
were back on trial, this time joined by John Reed (who had smuggled himself back into the United States from Russia in order to be present at the trial). Aside from new defense attorneys, the proceedings remained very similar to the first trial.
1283:
digital library site from the Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University: full coverage for 79 issues, from No. 1.1 (Jan 1911) through No. 10-1/2 (Nov/Dec 1917); includes a downloadable index of the magazine's
892:, also contributed to this aspect of the magazine. The cartoons, especially those by Young and Minor, were at times quite controversial and, after the United States entered World War I, considered treasonous for their anti-war sentiments.
725:, Dell described his surprise years before while reading Anderson's unsolicited manuscript: "there Sherwood Anderson was writing like—I had no other phrase to express it—like a great novelist." Anderson would later be cited by the
904:
made a political or social point, Max Eastman did frequently publish art for its aesthetic value and wanted the magazine to be a publication, which combined revolutionary ideas with both literature and art for its own sake.
378:, who claimed to have personally witnessed the distortion of the West Virginia news by the AP. After two years of litigation, the District Attorney's office quietly dropped the lawsuits against Young and Eastman.
343:
December 13 and released on $ 1,000 bail each, facing the prospect of a year in prison if found guilty. A month later, the two were also charged with personally libeling the President of the Associated Press,
707:
was a vital, pioneering current in the writing of the time, and several leading lights were willing to contribute work to the magazine without pay. The name most associated with the magazine is
888:
In addition to the realistic and modernist artwork, the magazine was also well known for its many political cartoons. Art Young is perhaps most famous for these; but other artists, such as
306:
had caused it to be boycotted by two major American magazine distribution companies, United News Co. of Philadelphia, and Magazine Distributing Co. of Boston. It was also excluded from the
1425:
1388:
823:
from 1912 to 1916. This type of illustration became less common after the artists' strike in 1916, which ended with many artists leaving the magazine. The strike occurred when
848:
has developed a 'policy.'" Not agreeing with this idea of a policy, which became more and more serious with the escalation of World War I, Sloan and other artists (including
299:
may as well call it a gambler's war. Only so can we indicate its underlying commercial causes, its futility, and yet also the tall spirit in which it is carried off."
864:
738:, was cheekily titled (at least for a time) "Books that Are Interesting." Dell's perceptive reviews gave accolades to many of the most notable books of the time:
791:, captioned "A Slight Attack of Third Dimentia Brought on by Excessive Study of the Much-Talked of Cubist Pictures in the International Exhibition at New York."
291:
427:
commented, "As the trial went on it was evident that the indictment was a legal subterfuge and that what was really on trial was the issue of a free press."
110:
261:
740:
207:(among others) mailed a terse letter to Eastman in August 1912: "You are elected editor of The Masses. No pay." In the February 1913 issue of
1445:
832:
into a 'one-man magazine instead of a cooperative sheet.'" One of the main issues the artists took up during the strike was that Eastman and
479:
continued to serve as an example for radicals long after it was suppressed. "The only magazine I know which bears a certain resemblance to (
638:
319:
1440:
1420:
1435:
836:
were appending many illustrations with captions without the approval or knowledge of the artists. This particularly irritated
406:, Chairman of the Committee on Public Post office still denied use of the mails." Challenging the injunction from the mail,
1356: : a cover-to-cover digital edition of all 79 issues, based on NYU's originals, with free pdfs and a search database.
239:
was very much embedded in a specific metropolitan milieu, unlike some other competing socialist periodicals (such as the
690:
once tutted: "It is rather disappointing to find THE MASSES devoting an entire edition to 'Votes for Women.' Perhaps
1103:"Socialists to Test The Espionage Act: Editors of Radical Publications Would Establish Their Right to the Mails,"
1264:
924:
159:. Vlag's dream of a co-operatively operated magazine never worked well, and after just a few issues, he left for
156:
1116:
John Sayer, "Art and Politics, Dissent and Repression: The Masses Magazines versus the Government, 1917-1918",
760:
696:
alone has any faith in women ... that women are capable and are ready to fight for freedom and revolution."
1450:
1430:
241:
20:
163:. His vision of an illustrated socialist monthly had, however, attracted a circle of young activists in
1366:
1300:
1329:
681:) and women's suffrage. Several of its Greenwich Village contributors, like Reed and Dell, practiced
666:
642:
1292:
469:
460:
359:
246:
115:
1267:| Vol. 2 (1912) | Vol. 3 (1913) | Vol. 4 (1914) | Vol. 5 (1915) | Vol. 6 (1916) | Vol. 7 (1917) |
1359:
692:
270:
877:
satire, they featured cover girls often clad in modern attire and embodying a modernist style.
585:
464:
347:, when it was determined that the figure of the AP in Young's cartoon was in Noyes's likeness.
130:
1193:
Mark S. Morrisson, "Pluralism and Counterpublic Spheres: Race, Radicalaim, and the Masses" in
223:
was to some extent defined by its association with New York's artistic culture. "The birth of
125:. It published reportage, fiction, poetry and art by the leading radicals of the time such as
1317:
795:
Although the magazine's birth coincided with the explosion of modernism, and its contributor
746:
164:
459:
died, Eastman and other writers were unwilling to let its spirit go with it. In March 1918,
420:
354:
by Gilbert Roe, and their plight attracted the support of an array of activists including
310:, university libraries, bookshops, and the newsstands of the New York City subway system.
8:
914:
869:
419:
and disturbing the solemnity within the courtroom itself. Each time the band played the "
188:
919:
394:
attempted to comply with the new regulations as to remain eligible for shipment by the
106:
1372:
1287:
855:
1402:
837:
784:
708:
615:
600:
590:
565:
505:
344:
228:
204:
172:
83:
45:
274:. At the same time it fiercely criticized more mainstream leftist publications like
796:
765:
751:
704:
682:
610:
530:
480:
424:
415:
was a band just outside the courtroom window patriotic tunes in a campaign to sell
395:
375:
355:
331:
276:
200:
1339:
1288:"The Radical Impulse" from the Library of Congress Exhibition "Life of the People"
1195:
The Public Face of Modernism: Little Magazines, Audiences, and Reception 1905-1920
1369: : explore the database using quantitative analysis and visualization tools.
727:
717:
678:
646:
570:
363:
257:
49:
637:
The magazine reported on most of the major labor struggles of its day: from the
1392:
849:
808:
715:
fiction editor, Floyd Dell, and his pieces there formed the foundation for his
658:
605:
515:
510:
399:
339:
852:, Alice Beach Winter, and Charles Winter) resigned from the magazine in 1916.
844:
is no longer the resultant of the ideas and art of a number of personalities.
1414:
1322:
Complete, high resolution color scans. Most authoritative digital archive of
812:
595:
580:
520:
488:
416:
387:
323:
283:
253:
232:
176:
76:
1334:
677:
The magazine vigorously argued for birth control (supporting activists like
889:
840:
who saw the magazine as moving away from its original purpose and stated, "
687:
650:
575:
525:
431:
403:
371:
367:
265:
1238:
Gender and Activism in a Little Magazine: the modern figures of the Masses
550:
1305:
968:
882:
878:
824:
800:
788:
769:
555:
545:
535:
307:
180:
134:
126:
35:
895:
The illustrations published often pushed the socialist agenda for which
88:
1351:
833:
735:
560:
540:
192:
184:
138:
121:
294:, published in the magazine in 1917, that was cited in the indictment.
179:. These Greenwich Village artists and writers asked one of their own,
862:(cover), April 1916, A sketch by Frank Walts of Mary Fuller, star of
816:
755:
620:
196:
102:
1301:
http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/search_list.php?search=The_Masses
1253:
Art for The Masses: A Radical Magazine and Its Graphics, 1911–1917
245:, a populist-inflected 500,000-circulation weekly produced out of
231:' as a self-conscious entity, an American Bohemia or gipsy-minded
1278:
160:
780:
109:
brought charges against its editors for conspiring to obstruct
1240:. London: Routledge, 2016 (original publicated Ashgate, 2011).
1197:(Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001), pp. 167-202.
402:, "made efforts to be in compliance by seeking counsel from
252:
The magazine carved out a unique position for itself within
1025:
1023:
1426:
Defunct political magazines published in the United States
661:, and a variety of other socialist and anarchist figures.
1066:
1054:
654:
1212:
Rebels in Bohemia: The Radicals of The Masses, 1911–1917
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1020:
1008:
487:
and fulfilled a similar function thirty years earlier,"
1174:
1172:
731:
circle as one of the first homegrown American talents.
370:. At a meeting held in support of Eastman and Young at
235:, but its relations with that entity were not simple."
390:(Pub. L. 65-24, 40 Stat. 217, enacted June 15, 1917),
227:," Eastman later wrote, "coincided with the birth of '
105:
politics published monthly from 1911 until 1917, when
1157:
1035:
936:
672:
1169:
111:
conscription in the United States during World War I
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1221:The Masses Magazine (1911–1917): Odyssey of an Era
430:Before releasing the jury for deliberation, Judge
101:was a graphically innovative American magazine of
1412:
1078:
772:'s memoirs, and many other prominent creations.
665:also indignantly followed the aftermath of the
811:artwork that would later be classified in the
741:An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
649:in Colorado. It strongly sympathized with Big
302:By May 1916, the radical content published in
1345:
958:, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948. 394.
183:(who was then studying for a doctorate under
1311:
1189:
1187:
313:
1227:
1072:
1060:
1029:
699:
34:
1377:and U.S. libraries with original holdings
1184:
211:, Eastman wrote the following manifesto:
1389:"The Crayon Was Mightier Than the Sword"
1209:
1048:
1014:
942:
854:
779:
282:
1230:Echoes of Revolt: The Masses, 1911–1917
1142:Quoted in The Masses, January 1916, 20.
498:
1413:
1306:https://modjourn.org/issue/bdr527152/#
1250:
1178:
1163:
885:has been given as an example of this.
639:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
320:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
318:In July 1913, in the aftermath of the
171:these included visual artists such as
1247:. Easthampton, MA: Periodyssey, 2000.
1214:. University of North Carolina Press.
1446:Progressive Era in the United States
1218:
1091:
734:The magazine's criticism, edited by
326:, Max Eastman wrote an editorial in
1373:Complete volume/issue inventory of
900:While many of the illustrations in
350:Young and Eastman were represented
256:print culture. It was more open to
13:
1330:Political Cartoons from the Masses
1203:
1129:Hannah Arendt, "He's All Dwight,"
673:Women's rights and sexual equality
632:
44:. Cover Illustration was drawn by
14:
1462:
1272:
1118:American Journal of Legal History
1441:Magazines disestablished in 1917
775:
1421:Censorship in the United States
1145:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
925:Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
721:stories. In the November 1916
711:. Anderson was "discovered" by
438:
157:New York Life Insurance Company
1296:Cover Illustrations Collection
996:
987:
975:
961:
948:
491:claimed in 1968, was "the old
381:
1:
1436:Magazines established in 1911
930:
761:Psychology of the Unconscious
657:, the political campaigns of
386:Following the passing of the
280:for insufficient radicalism.
149:
1131:The New York Review of Books
807:published for the most part
7:
1382:
993:The Masses, April 1916, 12.
908:
627:
191:), to edit their magazine.
21:The Masses (disambiguation)
10:
1467:
1367:Modernist Journals Project
1346:Modernist Journals Project
1255:. Temple University Press.
1245:The Masses Index 1911–1917
144:
18:
1326:. Copies provided by NYU.
1312:Marxists Internet Archive
1228:O'Neill, William (1966).
1210:Fishbein, Leslie (1982).
787:'s satirical take on the
667:Los Angeles Times bombing
643:1913 Paterson silk strike
314:Associated Press lawsuits
82:
72:
64:
56:
33:
16:American radical magazine
1407:- Spartacus encyclopedia
1251:Zurier, Rebecca (1988).
1219:Maik, Thomas A. (1994).
799:was an organizer of the
700:Literature and criticism
641:in West Virginia to the
398:. The business manager,
360:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
873:
865:The Heart of a Mermaid
792:
465:William Lloyd Garrison
338:The AP filed suit for
295:
218:
113:. It was succeeded by
858:
783:
747:Spoon River Anthology
286:
213:
1399:(September 4, 1988).
1154:, November 1916, 17.
1005:, September 1914, 4.
972:, February 1913, 2.
499:Notable contributors
463:adopted the name of
421:Star Spangled Banner
292:Henry J. Glintenkamp
205:Inez Haynes Gillmore
19:For other uses, see
1451:Socialist magazines
1431:Free love advocates
1335:Max Eastman Archive
1243:Watts, Theodore F.
1236:Schreiber, Rachel.
982:Enjoyment of Living
956:Enjoyment of Living
915:Christian anarchism
870:Lucius J. Henderson
443:In September 1918,
189:Columbia University
107:federal prosecutors
40:June 1914 issue of
30:
1120:32.1 (1988):42-78.
920:Christian pacifism
874:
793:
296:
26:
1340:John Reed Archive
1268:
1133:, August 1, 1968.
1017:, pp. 20–21.
785:John French Sloan
709:Sherwood Anderson
616:Mary Heaton Vorse
601:John French Sloan
591:Boardman Robinson
566:Mabel Dodge Luhan
506:Sherwood Anderson
461:their new monthly
345:Frank Brett Noyes
229:Greenwich Village
173:John French Sloan
165:Greenwich Village
94:
93:
46:John French Sloan
1458:
1262:
1256:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
979:
973:
965:
959:
952:
946:
940:
797:Arthur B. Davies
766:G. K. Chesterton
752:Theodore Dreiser
705:American realism
611:Louis Untermeyer
531:Arthur B. Davies
481:Dwight Macdonald
425:Louis Untermeyer
396:U.S. Post Office
376:Samuel Untermyer
356:Lincoln Steffens
332:Associated Press
277:The New Republic
262:women's suffrage
242:Appeal to Reason
201:Louis Untermeyer
48:and depicts the
38:
31:
25:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1411:
1410:
1385:
1348:
1314:
1275:
1206:
1204:Further reading
1201:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
980:
976:
966:
962:
953:
949:
941:
937:
933:
911:
778:
728:Partisan Review
718:Winesburg, Ohio
702:
679:Margaret Sanger
675:
647:Ludlow Massacre
635:
633:Labor struggles
630:
625:
571:Inez Milholland
501:
441:
384:
364:Inez Milholland
316:
290:, a drawing by
258:Progressive Era
152:
147:
119:and then later
52:
50:Ludlow Massacre
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1397:New York Times
1393:David Oshinsky
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1357:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1274:
1273:External links
1271:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1183:
1168:
1166:, p. 140.
1156:
1144:
1135:
1122:
1109:
1105:New York Times
1096:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1034:
1019:
1007:
995:
986:
974:
960:
947:
934:
932:
929:
928:
927:
922:
917:
910:
907:
850:Maurice Becker
777:
774:
701:
698:
674:
671:
659:Eugene V. Debs
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
606:Upton Sinclair
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
516:George Bellows
513:
511:Cornelia Barns
508:
502:
500:
497:
495:(1911–1917)."
440:
437:
400:Merrill Rogers
383:
380:
340:criminal libel
315:
312:
308:Canadian mails
288:Physically Fit
260:reforms, like
247:Girard, Kansas
151:
148:
146:
143:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1463:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1265:Vol. 1 (1911)
1261:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1181:, p. 52.
1180:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1075:, p. 38.
1074:
1069:
1063:, p. 35.
1062:
1057:
1051:, p. 20.
1050:
1049:Fishbein 1982
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1032:, p. 33.
1031:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1015:Fishbein 1982
1011:
1004:
999:
990:
983:
978:
971:
970:
964:
957:
954:Max Eastman,
951:
945:, p. 17.
944:
943:Fishbein 1982
939:
935:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
906:
903:
898:
893:
891:
886:
884:
881:' picture of
880:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:Ashcan School
810:
806:
802:
798:
790:
786:
782:
776:Illustrations
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
732:
730:
729:
724:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
697:
695:
694:
689:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
596:Carl Sandburg
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:Pablo Picasso
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
521:Louise Bryant
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
496:
494:
490:
489:Hannah Arendt
486:
483:'s magazine)
482:
478:
474:
472:
471:
470:The Liberator
466:
462:
458:
453:
449:
446:
436:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
417:Liberty Bonds
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Espionage Act
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
341:
336:
333:
330:accusing the
329:
325:
324:West Virginia
321:
311:
309:
305:
300:
293:
289:
285:
281:
279:
278:
273:
272:
268:'s anarchist
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:American Left
250:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:Latin Quarter
230:
226:
222:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Ashcan School
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:
118:
117:
116:The Liberator
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:
90:
87:
85:
81:
78:
77:United States
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
29:
22:
1403:
1396:
1374:
1360:
1352:
1323:
1318:
1293:
1279:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1194:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1107:10 July 1917
1104:
1099:
1073:O'Neill 1966
1068:
1061:O'Neill 1966
1056:
1030:O'Neill 1966
1010:
1002:
998:
989:
981:
977:
967:
963:
955:
950:
938:
901:
896:
894:
890:Robert Minor
887:
875:
863:
859:
845:
841:
829:
820:
804:
794:
759:
745:
739:
733:
726:
722:
716:
712:
703:
693:Mother Earth
691:
688:Emma Goldman
676:
662:
651:Bill Haywood
636:
576:Robert Minor
526:George Creel
492:
484:
476:
475:
468:
456:
454:
450:
444:
442:
439:Second trial
432:Learned Hand
429:
413:
407:
404:George Creel
391:
385:
372:Cooper Union
368:Amos Pinchot
351:
349:
337:
327:
317:
303:
301:
297:
287:
275:
271:Mother Earth
269:
266:Emma Goldman
251:
240:
236:
224:
220:
219:
214:
208:
168:
153:
120:
114:
97:
96:
95:
41:
27:
1232:. Ivan Dee.
1179:Zurier 1988
1164:Zurier 1988
883:Mary Fuller
879:Frank Walts
825:Max Eastman
801:Armory Show
789:Armory Show
770:Jack London
754:'s novels,
713:The Masses'
556:Jack London
546:Max Eastman
536:Dorothy Day
382:First trial
181:Max Eastman
169:The Masses;
135:Dorothy Day
127:Max Eastman
65:Final issue
57:First issue
1415:Categories
1404:The Masses
1375:The Masses
1361:The Masses
1353:The Masses
1324:The Masses
1319:The Masses
1294:The Masses
1280:The Masses
1260:The Masses
1223:. Garland.
1152:The Masses
1003:The Masses
969:The Masses
931:References
902:The Masses
897:The Masses
860:The Masses
846:The Masses
842:The Masses
838:John Sloan
834:Floyd Dell
830:The Masses
821:The Masses
805:The Masses
768:'s works,
736:Floyd Dell
723:The Masses
663:The Masses
561:Amy Lowell
541:Floyd Dell
477:The Masses
457:The Masses
445:The Masses
408:The Masses
392:The Masses
328:The Masses
304:The Masses
237:The Masses
225:The Masses
221:The Masses
209:The Masses
193:John Sloan
185:John Dewey
150:Beginnings
139:Floyd Dell
122:New Masses
98:The Masses
42:The Masses
28:The Masses
1363:Work Site
1284:contents.
1092:Maik 1994
817:Art Young
756:Carl Jung
683:free love
621:Art Young
586:John Reed
551:Wanda Gág
467:'s famed
197:Art Young
175:from the
131:John Reed
103:socialist
1383:Articles
909:See also
653:and his
645:and the
628:Politics
485:Politics
352:pro bono
1395:in the
1365:at the
872:, 1916)
809:realist
264:, than
161:Florida
145:History
89:1756843
73:Country
984:, 418.
493:Masses
455:After
366:, and
203:, and
137:, and
84:OCLC
68:1917
60:1911
1391:by
758:'s
655:IWW
322:in
249:).
187:at
167:to
1417::
1263:|
1186:^
1171:^
1080:^
1037:^
1022:^
815:.
803:,
764:,
750:,
744:,
669:.
473:.
362:,
358:,
199:,
195:,
141:.
133:,
129:,
1094:.
868:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
