Data compression - Knowledge

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decompressor to shift, rotate, lighten, or darken the copy. This longer command still remains much shorter than data generated by intra-frame compression. Usually, the encoder will also transmit a residue signal which describes the remaining more subtle differences to the reference imagery. Using entropy coding, these residue signals have a more compact representation than the full signal. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the

948: 1474: 5911: 5901: 452:, and compression-based similarity measures compute similarity within these feature spaces. For each compressor C(.) we define an associated vector space ℵ, such that C(.) maps an input string x, corresponding to the vector norm ||~x||. An exhaustive examination of the feature spaces underlying all compression algorithms is precluded by space; instead, feature vectors chooses to examine three representative lossless compression methods, LZW, LZ77, and PPM. 1131: 557: 541: 1720:

heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset. Other algorithms developed in 2009 and 2013 (DNAZip and GenomeZip) have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold—allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2.5 megabytes (relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes). For a benchmark in genetics/genomics data compressors, see

259: 939:, it is desirable to work from an unchanged original (uncompressed or losslessly compressed). Processing of a lossily compressed file for some purpose usually produces a final result inferior to the creation of the same compressed file from an uncompressed original. In addition to sound editing or mixing, lossless audio compression is often used for archival storage, or as master copies. 1084:

simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms.

1080:, of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality. 217:

distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the

137:, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of color that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of 1066:(LPC) used with speech, are source-based coders. LPC uses a model of the human vocal tract to analyze speech sounds and infer the parameters used by the model to produce them moment to moment. These changing parameters are transmitted or stored and used to drive another model in the decoder which reproduces the sound. 979:. Most lossy compression reduces redundancy by first identifying perceptually irrelevant sounds, that is, sounds that are very hard to hear. Typical examples include high frequencies or sounds that occur at the same time as louder sounds. Those irrelevant sounds are coded with decreased accuracy or not at all. 1521:

In an additional in-loop filtering stage various filters can be applied to the reconstructed image signal. By computing these filters also inside the encoding loop they can help compression because they can be applied to reference material before it gets used in the prediction process and they can be

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that reduce aspects of the source data that are (more or less) irrelevant to the human visual perception by exploiting perceptual features of human vision. For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness. Compression algorithms can average a color

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data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and is less computationally intensive than the leading general-purpose compression utilities. For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF-based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the

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are the latest generation of lossless algorithms that compress data (typically sequences of nucleotides) using both conventional compression algorithms and genetic algorithms adapted to the specific datatype. In 2012, a team of scientists from Johns Hopkins University published a genetic compression

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to the reference frame. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system can simply issue a short command that copies that part of the previous frame into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the compressor can emit a (slightly longer) command that tells the

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is an important category of audio data compression. The perceptual models used to estimate what aspects of speech a human ear can hear are generally somewhat different from those used for music. The range of frequencies needed to convey the sounds of a human voice is normally far narrower than that

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Lossy formats are often used for the distribution of streaming audio or interactive communication (such as in cell phone networks). In such applications, the data must be decompressed as the data flows, rather than after the entire data stream has been transmitted. Not all audio codecs can be used

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Basically, wavelet coding is a variant on DCT-based transform coding that reduces or eliminates some of its limitations. (...) Another advantage is that rather than working with 8 × 8 blocks of pixels, as do JPEG and other block-based DCT techniques, wavelet coding can simultaneously compress the

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It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4.5:1. It is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides

75:. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information. Typically, a device that performs data compression is referred to as an encoder, and one that performs the reversal of the process (decompression) as a decoder. 1083:

In contrast to the speed of compression, which is proportional to the number of operations required by the algorithm, here latency refers to the number of samples that must be analyzed before a block of audio is processed. In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder

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to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression compared to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to

463:, the best possible compression of x is the smallest possible software that generates x. For example, in that model, a zip file's compressed size includes both the zip file and the unzipping software, since you can not unzip it without both, but there may be an even smaller combined form. 444:

on the output distribution). Conversely, an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history). This equivalence has been used as a justification for using data compression as a benchmark for "general intelligence".

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Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the

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Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that can be decoded to an exact digital duplicate of the original. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of the original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless codecs use

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Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to standalone audio-only applications of file playback in MP3 players or computers, digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the

1276:), in February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. 168:, and hardware devices such as modems. LZ methods use a table-based compression model where table entries are substituted for repeated strings of data. For most LZ methods, this table is generated dynamically from earlier data in the input. The table itself is often 180:

of the same or closely related species, a huge versioned document collection, internet archival, etc. The basic task of grammar-based codes is constructing a context-free grammar deriving a single string. Other practical grammar compression algorithms include

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when a file is decompressed and recompressed. This makes lossy compression unsuitable for storing the intermediate results in professional audio engineering applications, such as sound editing and multitrack recording. However, lossy formats such as

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Since there is no separate source and target in data compression, one can consider data compression as data differencing with empty source data, the compressed file corresponding to a difference from nothing. This is the same as considering absolute

1265:. 35 years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using this technology manufactured by a number of companies because the inventor refuses to get invention patents for his work. He prefers declaring it of Public Domain publishing it 1383:

used in camcorders and video editing employ simpler compression that uses only intra-frame prediction. This simplifies video editing software, as it prevents a situation in which a compressed frame refers to data that the editor has deleted.

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Several proprietary lossy compression algorithms have been developed that provide higher quality audio performance by using a combination of lossless and lossy algorithms with adaptive bit rates and lower compression ratios. Examples include

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is used in still-image coders and video coders without motion compensation. Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

514:, k-means clustering aids in data reduction by replacing groups of data points with their centroids, thereby preserving the core information of the original data while significantly decreasing the required storage space. 282:

between preserving information and reducing size. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in

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emerged. In the early 1990s, lossy compression methods began to be widely used. In these schemes, some loss of information is accepted as dropping nonessential detail can save storage space. There is a corresponding

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than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including

968:, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression, by discarding less-critical data based on 493:

can be utilized to compress data by grouping similar data points into clusters. This technique simplifies handling extensive datasets that lack predefined labels and finds widespread use in fields such as

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data are transformed to the frequency domain. In the main lossy processing stage, frequency domain data gets quantized in order to reduce information that is irrelevant to human visual perception.

718:(JPEG) in 1992. JPEG greatly reduces the amount of data required to represent an image at the cost of a relatively small reduction in image quality and has become the most widely used 2419:

CCITT Study Group VIII und die Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) von ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1/Subcommittee 29/Working Group 10 (1993), "Annex D – Arithmetic coding",

1257:. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed 878:

or linear prediction as a basis for estimating the signal. Parameters describing the estimation and the difference between the estimation and the actual signal are coded separately.

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needed to perform the encoding and decoding. The design of data compression schemes involves balancing the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using

2418: 3975: 2109: 1364:). Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between e.g. temporally adjacent frames (inter-frame coding) or spatially adjacent pixels (intra-frame coding). 2759: 995:

are very popular with end-users as the file size is reduced to 5-20% of the original size and a megabyte can store about a minute's worth of music at adequate quality.

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in 1973, before introducing it in January 1974. DCT is the most widely used lossy compression method, and is used in multimedia formats for images (such as JPEG and

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The Olympus WS-120 digital speech recorder, according to its manual, can store about 178 hours of speech-quality audio in .WMA format in 500 MB of flash memory.

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Most video codecs are used alongside audio compression techniques to store the separate but complementary data streams as one combined package using so-called

4159:. Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX. Vol. 9971. San Diego, California: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. pp. 99711B. 1544:

bandwidth compression scheme for the transmission of analog television signals. The DCT, which is fundamental to modern video compression, was introduced by

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which was standardized in 1988 by the ITU-T. They mostly rely on the DCT, applied to rectangular blocks of neighboring pixels, and temporal prediction using

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Proceedings of the International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006

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feature a combination of a lossy format and a lossless correction; this allows stripping the correction to easily obtain a lossy file. Such formats include

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may also be used to weigh the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called

524:'s research with the Chinchilla 70B model. Developed by DeepMind, Chinchilla 70B effectively compressed data, outperforming conventional methods such as 3745:

Britanak, V. (2011). "On Properties, Relations, and Simplified Implementation of Filter Banks in the Dolby Digital (Plus) AC-3 Audio Coding Standards".

2980: 1039:. Once transformed, component frequencies can be prioritized according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components is assessed using the 7387: 6157: 4698: 3048: 2858: 86:, it is called source coding: encoding is done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted. Source coding should not be confused with 1106:

Throwing away more of the data in the signal—keeping just enough to reconstruct an "intelligible" voice rather than the full frequency range of human

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Princen, J.; Johnson, A.; Bradley, A. (1987). "Subband/Transform coding using filter bank designs based on time domain aliasing cancellation".

2076: 1486: 1246:, and AAC. MDCT was proposed by J. P. Princen, A. W. Johnson and A. B. Bradley in 1987, following earlier work by Princen and Bradley in 1986. 1016: 152:

is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. In the mid-1980s, following work by

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needed for music, and the sound is normally less complex. As a result, speech can be encoded at high quality using a relatively low bit rate.

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The acceptable trade-off between loss of audio quality and transmission or storage size depends upon the application. For example, one 640 MB

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To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the

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of its points. This process condenses extensive datasets into a more compact set of representative points. Particularly beneficial in

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Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. Such data usually contains abundant amounts of spatial and temporal

1298: 4288: 1558:, which debuted in 1988, commercially introduced the prevalent basic architecture of video compression technology. It was the first 416:, who published fundamental papers on the topic in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Other topics associated with compression include 8926: 7617: 6845: 6071: 5609: 5432: 5226: 4250: 2322: 1208:(APC), a perceptual coding algorithm that exploited the masking properties of the human ear, followed in the early 1980s with the 6915: 4917: 1668: 1504:

and difference-coding techniques are applied that help decorrelate data and describe new data based on already transmitted data.

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Mentzer, Fabian; Toderici, George; Tschannen, Michael; Agustsson, Eirikur (2020). "High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression".

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across these similar areas in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression. As in all lossy compression, there is a

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of hardware digits in 2007, but when the corresponding content is optimally compressed, this only represents 295 exabytes of

1012: 532:(FLAC) for audio. It achieved compression of image and audio data to 43.4% and 16.4% of their original sizes, respectively. 221:

of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was in an optional (but not widely used) feature of the

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standard was introduced in 2000. In contrast to the DCT algorithm used by the original JPEG format, JPEG 2000 instead uses

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In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the

4152: 2886: 2327: 3626:"A History of Realtime Digital Speech on Packet Networks: Part II of Linear Predictive Coding and the Internet Protocol" 9339: 8147: 7794: 7743: 7708: 7686: 6885: 6860: 5721: 5459: 5398: 5209: 5159: 4982: 3555:

Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, Nikil S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive quantization in differential PCM coding of speech".

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JPEG2000 Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice

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to eliminate or reduce fidelity of less audible sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.

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Princen, J.; Bradley, A. (1986). "Analysis/Synthesis filter bank design based on time domain aliasing cancellation".

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is introduced by the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment, called a

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Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, N. S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive Quantization in Differential PCM Coding of Speech".

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Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression and are used in numerous audio applications including

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during compression and decompression, but compresses stronger, especially on repeating patterns in files' content.

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Recommendation T.81: Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still images – Requirements and guidelines

1392: 1346: 821: 160:(LZW) algorithm rapidly became the method of choice for most general-purpose compression systems. LZW is used in 130: 72: 2825: 8632: 7622: 7305: 6710: 6539: 5817: 5437: 5231: 5019: 3878: 1571: 1209: 1189: 582: 405: 197: 3781: 1452:

In inter-frame coding, individual frames of a video sequence are compared from one frame to the next, and the

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can also be viewed as an indirect form of statistical modelling. In a further refinement of the direct use of

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Archive software typically has the ability to adjust the "dictionary size", where a larger size demands more

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is distinguished as a separate discipline from general-purpose audio compression. Speech coding is used in

3362:"Subjective Evaluation of Music Compressed with the ACER Codec Compared to AAC, MP3, and Uncompressed PCM" 1302: 870:. A digital sound recorder can typically store around 200 hours of clearly intelligible speech in 640 MB. 9334: 9269: 9068: 6875: 4897: 4892: 4629: 809: 161: 1047:—the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency—and, in some cases, 9344: 8978: 8490: 8325: 8263: 8188: 7748: 7723: 7213: 6850: 6657: 6109: 5839: 5766: 5604: 5584: 5528: 5186: 4977: 4780: 4678: 3512:, C. Chapin Cutler, "Differential Quantization of Communication Signals", issued 1952-07-29 3277: 1777: 1757: 1424: 1254: 1205: 767: 409: 4084:

Robinson, A. H.; Cherry, C. (1967). "Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme".

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Thinkquest 2010: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Contours of Computing Technology

1898: 1372:) (re)uses data from one or more earlier or later frames in a sequence to describe the current frame. 9324: 9276: 7698: 7228: 7152: 7071: 6306: 5849: 5790: 5716: 5564: 5154: 5149: 5004: 4847: 3267: 2952:"T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES" 1353: 1227: 894: 801: 749: 707: 529: 525: 304: 123: 4062: 2536: 882: 9080: 8716: 8712: 8572: 7659: 7612: 7446: 7400: 7262: 7198: 6935: 6336: 5854: 5427: 5221: 4922: 2517:"Measuring the Efficiency of the Intraday Forex Market with a Universal Data Compression Algorithm" 2164: 1333: 1177: 1063: 733: 567: 218: 212:. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a 157: 1526:

that blur out blocking artifacts from quantization discontinuities at transform block boundaries.

1349:. Video compression algorithms attempt to reduce redundancy and store information more compactly. 9349: 9281: 8988: 8973: 8912: 8641: 7605: 7572: 7488: 7426: 7395: 6955: 6715: 5795: 5166: 5053: 5009: 4822: 4805: 4795: 4669: 4086: 3102: 2662: 1955:

Tank, M.K. (2011). "Implementation of Lempel-ZIV algorithm for lossless compression using VHDL".

1535: 1427:(DWT), have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products. 1114:

The earliest algorithms used in speech encoding (and audio data compression in general) were the

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like this can compress highly repetitive input extremely effectively, for instance, a biological

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A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE's

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music, less than 2 hours of music compressed losslessly, or 7 hours of music compressed in the

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Psychoacoustics recognizes that not all data in an audio stream can be perceived by the human

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The broad objective of source coding is to exploit or remove 'inefficient' redundancy in the

1752: 1696: 1630: 1586: 1073: 805: 775: 421: 381:, for example, audio compression is used for CD ripping and is decoded by the audio players. 336: 4198: 4121: 3477: 9296: 9211: 9145: 8968: 8873: 8549: 8255: 8101: 7639: 7326: 6487: 6418: 6286: 5508: 4970: 4932: 4753: 4535: 4160: 3601:

Acoustics, Information, and Communication: Memorial Volume in Honor of Manfred R. Schroeder

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algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression. HAPZIPPER was tailored for

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of audio in an uncompressed format and several lossy formats. The lossy spectrograms show

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of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using

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audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the

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An alternative view can show compression algorithms implicitly map strings into implicit

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formats, typically use motion-compensated DCT video coding (block motion compensation).

373:. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; 9180: 9170: 9063: 8625: 8171: 7718: 7233: 7218: 6758: 6730: 6413: 6376: 5812: 5782: 5761: 5667: 5599: 5493: 5181: 4997: 4987: 4882: 4862: 4857: 4561: 4367: 4342: 3818: 3762: 3684: 3568: 3541: 3248: 2844: 2688: 2643: 2598: 2575: 2549: 2394: 2192: 2070: 2029: 1692: 1675:, and is widely used by video sharing websites and streaming internet services such as 1501: 1481:

Many commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the

1373: 1294: 700: 490: 397: 378: 182: 40: 7676: 6577: 5393: 3913: 1119: 148:(LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage. 9303: 9056: 8803: 8793: 8657: 8336: 8278: 8158: 7982: 7941: 7936: 7644: 7595: 7047: 6890: 6480: 6331: 6005: 5756: 5744: 5726: 5594: 5478: 5415: 5261: 5176: 5132: 5093: 4775: 4565: 4553: 4454: 4413: 4372: 4131: 4034: 4003: 3807:

ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

3725: 3650: 3604: 3572: 3489: 3478: 3451: 3340: 3309: 3268:"General characteristics and design considerations for temporal subband video coding" 3240: 3191: 3156: 2633: 2439: 2398: 2348: 2262: 2056: 1968: 1935: 1820: 1523: 1388: 1185: 1169: 1163: 917: 833: 719: 711: 675: 618: 511: 495: 441: 320: 274: 253: 209: 83: 64: 4449: 4432: 4408: 4391: 3822: 2647: 2553: 1216:

for its time. Perceptual coding is used by modern audio compression formats such as

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image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including

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Dmitriy Vatolin; et al. (Graphics & Media Lab Video Group) (March 2007).

3864:"Ricardo Sametband, La Nación Newspaper "Historia de un pionero en audio digital"" 3766: 1562:

based on DCT compression. H.261 was developed by a number of companies, including

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exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy (e.g. through difference coding with

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computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name

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of higher frequencies, a common technique associated with lossy audio compression.

482:'s Image Processing Toolbox (IPT) and High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression. 9249: 9201: 8883: 8818: 8808: 8778: 8721: 8692: 8682: 8293: 8091: 7992: 7671: 7463: 6572: 6549: 5650: 5464: 5388: 5369: 5339: 5307: 5273: 4832: 4770: 4702: 4692: 4663: 4622: 4612: 3935: 3146: 3017: 2196: 2171:(December 2012). "Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard". 1964: 1814: 1782: 1641:. It was also developed by a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi Electric, 1115: 1107: 1092: 976: 848: 544: 385: 359: 289: 273:

In the late 1980s, digital images became more common, and standards for lossless

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Pratt, W.K.; Kane, J.; Andrews, H.C. (1969). "Hadamard transform image coding".

2760:"AI language models can exceed PNG and FLAC in lossless compression, says study" 1857: 9216: 9162: 9075: 9025: 9020: 8893: 8888: 8853: 8833: 8828: 8783: 8758: 8677: 8515: 8176: 7953: 7897: 7852: 7753: 7600: 7441: 7310: 6403: 5442: 5236: 4965: 4960: 4817: 4790: 4762: 3849: 3305: 2951: 2903: 2420: 2188: 2168: 1660: 1618: 1457: 1369: 1193: 969: 890: 779: 688: 680: 413: 347: 169: 145: 87: 4176: 3758: 2545: 2366: 710:(DCT), a technique developed in the early 1970s. DCT is the basis for JPEG, a 9318: 9286: 9228: 9221: 9051: 8935: 8858: 8848: 8823: 8697: 8662: 8618: 8345: 8017: 7887: 7839: 7649: 7456: 6950: 6748: 6514: 6398: 6042: 5749: 5697: 5364: 5359: 5334: 5266: 4887: 4785: 3995:

Design of Digital Video Coding Systems: A Complete Compressed Domain Approach

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to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.

825: 727: 723: 467: 417: 374: 7779: 7013: 4648: 4583: 4548: 4523: 3936:"Anuncio del Audicom, AES Journal, July-August 1992, Vol 40, # 7/8, pag 647" 3236: 2390: 1415:

Other methods other than the prevalent DCT-based transform formats, such as

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When audio files are to be processed, either by further compression or for

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for a listing. Some formats are associated with a distinct system, such as

855: 460: 370: 293: 4683: 3625: 3212: 2516: 2163: 1989: 30:"Source coding" redirects here. For the term in computer programming, see 9130: 9015: 9005: 8963: 8949: 8788: 8748: 7537: 7478: 7416: 7018: 6781: 6776: 6361: 6281: 6010: 5829: 5707: 5503: 5379: 5329: 4358: 2810:. Practical Reusable Unix Software. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2514: 1656: 1655:

was developed in 2003 by a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic,

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This is accomplished, in general, by some combination of two approaches:

1032: 952: 795: 540: 520:(LLMs) are also capable of lossless data compression, as demonstrated by 153: 91: 56: 31: 4490: 4473: 3403: 2629: 412:

for lossy compression. These areas of study were essentially created by

141:; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy. 9113: 8500: 8485: 8273: 8215: 7451: 7344: 6753: 6524: 6393: 6356: 6291: 6175: 6052: 5961: 5886: 5677: 5672: 5559: 5518: 5324: 4172: 3645: 2785:"RFC 3284: The VCDIFF Generic Differencing and Compression Data Format" 1567: 1514:

In the last stage statistical redundancy gets largely eliminated by an

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than the original representation. Any particular compression is either

3906:"Summary of some of Solidyne's contributions to Broadcast Engineering" 9206: 9087: 9010: 8958: 8953: 8878: 8773: 8426: 8288: 8007: 8002: 7964: 7903: 7520: 7122: 6925: 6905: 6725: 6720: 6383: 6341: 4684:

Explanation of lossless signal compression method used by most codecs

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Using 10-bit AVC/H.264 Encoding with 4:2:2 for Broadcast Contribution

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lossy compression video has a compression factor between 20 and 200.

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in image compression, began after the development of DCT coding. The

748:, a lossless compression algorithm specified in 1996, is used in the 328: 312: 284: 279: 126: 79: 3884: 3076: 1987: 1841:

source and thereby achieve a reduction in the overall source rate R.

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between the bytes needed to store or transmit information, and the

71:. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating 258: 8904: 8562: 8475: 8396: 8298: 8210: 8022: 7862: 7713: 7654: 7567: 7321: 7208: 7167: 7162: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 6988: 6930: 6870: 6634: 6614: 6599: 6388: 6316: 6296: 5569: 5043: 4992: 4283: 4245: 3717:

Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards: Technology and Practice

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Solidyne 922: The world's first commercial audio bit compression

925: 906: 759: 745: 355: 186: 149: 5960: 1855: 1671:(CAVLC) algorithms. AVC is the main video encoding standard for 1103:

Only encoding sounds that could be made by a single human voice.

466:

Examples of AI-powered audio/video compression software include

9244: 8530: 8525: 8411: 8368: 8240: 8037: 8032: 8027: 7959: 7931: 7892: 7515: 6973: 6667: 6507: 6428: 6408: 6346: 6083: 6059: 6037: 6025: 6020: 5083: 4474:"A Survey on Data Compression Methods for Biological Sequences" 2985: 2022:

Document Management - Portable document format - Part 1: PDF1.7

1988:

Navqi, Saud; Naqvi, R.; Riaz, R.A.; Siddiqui, F. (April 2011).

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guided using the original signal. The most popular example are

1258: 1051:—where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. 910: 840: 479: 471: 340: 311:, who then developed a working algorithm with T. Natarajan and 4521: 2173:

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research

208:, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called 8495: 8480: 8230: 8198: 8066: 8012: 7987: 7908: 7847: 7562: 7493: 7336: 7112: 7075: 6960: 6662: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6609: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6567: 6559: 6321: 6301: 6132: 6122: 6117: 6105: 6093: 5918: 5523: 5116: 5063: 3883:. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America. Archived from 3838:

IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

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codecs perform at a compression factor of 5 to 12, a typical

1242:(MDCT) used by modern audio compression formats such as MP3, 817: 226: 165: 4609:

Why does 10-bit save bandwidth (even when content is 8-bit)?

4199:"The History of Video File Formats Infographic — RealPlayer" 2734:"Differentially private clustering for large-scale datasets" 1856:

Mahdi, O.A.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mohamed, A.J. (November 2012).

82:

is often referred to as data compression. In the context of

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Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding

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IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

2887:"A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes" 2180: 1700: 1614: 1590: 1325: 1000: 770:(DWT) algorithms. JPEG 2000 technology, which includes the 654:(corresponding to data differencing) with no initial data. 456: 324: 316: 234: 222: 4649:

EBU subjective listening tests on low-bitrate audio codecs

1613:, which was developed by a number of companies, primarily 881:

A number of lossless audio compression formats exist. See

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Hosseini, Morteza; Pratas, Diogo; Pinho, Armando (2016).

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Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

1723: 1626: 1602: 1217: 1180:(LPC). Initial concepts for LPC date back to the work of 1035:

sampled waveforms into a transform domain, typically the

992: 863: 844: 741: 650:(corresponding to data compression) as a special case of 351: 332: 266: 262: 60: 3366:

International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

3104:

DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3

3049:"What Is a JPEG? The Invisible Object You See Every Day" 2515:

Shmilovici A.; Kahiri Y.; Ben-Gal I.; Hauser S. (2009).

2370:; T. Natarajan; Kamisetty Ramamohan Rao (January 1974). 8610: 4343:"HapZipper: sharing HapMap populations just got easier" 3554: 3527: 1489:) share the same basic architecture that dates back to 1468: 695:

dates back to the late 1960s, with the introduction of

661:

is used to emphasize the data differencing connection.

2095:"An Improved Data Compression Method for General Data" 1819:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34. 1703:

broadcasts over terrestrial and satellite television.

1497:, as well as nowadays also an in-loop filtering step. 4430: 3804: 3450:. Pune, Maharashtra: Nirali Prakashan. p. 3.41. 3332:

Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook

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Korn, D.G.; Vo, K.P. (1995). B. Krishnamurthy (ed.).

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The theoretical basis for compression is provided by

4213:"Patent statement declaration registered as H261-07" 3954:

A Brief guide to compress a file in 4 different ways

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which often applies some form of arithmetic coding.

617:

Data compression can be viewed as a special case of

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Cherry proposed a 1387:Usually, video compression additionally employs 810:Audio compression formats compression algorithms 800:Audio data compression, not to be confused with 706:An important image compression technique is the 459:theory, a connection more directly explained in 265:, an example of a lossy file format compared to 4390:Christley S, Lu Y, Li C, Xie X (Jan 15, 2009). 3966: 3480:Three-Dimensional Model Analysis and Processing 3395: 2466:. University of Marne la Vallee. Archived from 1320:(MC). Most video coding standards, such as the 804:, has the potential to reduce the transmission 740:algorithm developed in 1984. It is used in the 4709:What is Run length Coding in video compression 4515: 4157:Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX 4083: 3835: 3386: 1625:. MPEG-2 became the standard video format for 1212:(CELP) algorithm which achieved a significant 1062:Other types of lossy compressors, such as the 192:The strongest modern lossless compressors use 8920: 8626: 7809: 7795: 5946: 4729: 3942: 3583: 3416: 2609: 1890: 350:, to increase storage capacities. Similarly, 299:Most forms of lossy compression are based on 4743: 4619:Which compression technology should be used? 4383: 4341:Chanda P, Bader JS, Elhaik E (27 Jul 2012). 2776: 1981: 1605:-quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by 1477:Processing stages of a typical video encoder 621:. Data differencing consists of producing a 436:and compression. A system that predicts the 94:, the means for mapping data onto a signal. 4306: 4268: 4230: 4115: 4113: 3992:Chen, Jie; Koc, Ut-Va; Liu, KJ Ray (2001). 3779: 3773: 3360:Cunningham, Stuart; McGregor, Iain (2019). 3180:Taubman, David; Marcellin, Michael (2012). 2660: 2444:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1270:Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 585:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 8927: 8913: 8633: 8619: 7802: 7788: 5953: 5939: 4736: 4722: 4593: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 3991: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3441: 3439: 2573: 2132: 2130: 2075:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1932:A Concise Introduction to Data Compression 942: 820:. In both lossy and lossless compression, 4689:Videsignline – Intro to Video Compression 4547: 4489: 4448: 4407: 4366: 4334: 4128:Institution of Engineering and Technology 3644: 3594: 3377: 3116: 2852: 2692: 2535: 2088: 2086: 1897:Pujar, J.H.; Kadlaskar, L.M. (May 2010). 1851: 1849: 1665:context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding 1663:. AVC commercially introduced the modern 605:Learn how and when to remove this message 4119: 4110: 4077: 3912:. Buenos Aires: Solidyne. Archived from 3898: 3744: 3265: 3210: 3041: 3015: 2917: 2826:"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 2313: 2311: 2275: 2225:"(Set compression Method) switch – 7zip" 1472: 1158:(ADPCM) was introduced by P. Cummiskey, 1129: 946: 808:and storage requirements of audio data. 539: 307:(DCT). It was first proposed in 1972 by 257: 90:, for error detection and correction or 4465: 4184: 4144: 3960: 3877:Zwicker, Eberhard; et al. (1967). 3876: 3870: 3674: 3668: 3464: 3445: 3436: 3301:The Essential Guide to Video Processing 3144: 3138: 3069: 2875: 2814: 2757: 2567: 2485: 2248: 2242: 2127: 2048: 1929: 1669:context-adaptive variable-length coding 982:Due to the nature of lossy algorithms, 14: 9317: 4506:"Data Compression via Logic Synthesis" 4150: 3969:Lossless Video Codecs Comparison '2007 3476:Faxin Yu; Hao Luo; Zheming Lu (2010). 3328: 3111:. p. 1. sec. Abstract. 3018:"Copy protections could come to JPEGs" 2805: 2799: 2709:"What is Unsupervised Learning? | IBM" 2362: 2360: 2358: 2092: 2083: 1959:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 275–283. 1923: 1846: 1724:Outlook and currently unused potential 1142:Early audio research was conducted at 847:. These algorithms almost all rely on 97:Data Compression algorithms present a 78:The process of reducing the size of a 8908: 8614: 7783: 5934: 4717: 3722:Springer Science & Business Media 3297: 3266:Sullivan, Gary (8–12 December 2003). 3217:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 3204: 3188:Springer Science & Business Media 3153:Springer Science & Business Media 2452: 2317: 2308: 1507:Then rectangular blocks of remaining 1435: 133:to represent data without losing any 4654:Audio Archiving Guide: Music Formats 4392:"Human genomes as email attachments" 4047: 3809:. Vol. 12. pp. 2161–2164. 3623: 3502: 3091: 2808:Vdelta: Differencing and Compression 2782: 2622:Data Compression Conference (DCC'06) 2412: 2281: 2157: 2139:"JPEG Image Compression FAQ, Part 1" 1954: 1812: 1469:Hybrid block-based transform formats 1238:in 1974, provided the basis for the 583:adding citations to reliable sources 550: 535: 432:There is a close connection between 4699:Data Footprint Reduction Technology 3974:(Report). Moscow State University. 3880:The Ear As A Communication Receiver 3713: 3707: 3401: 3148:Data Compression in Digital Systems 3016:Baraniuk, Chris (15 October 2015). 2944: 2783:Korn, D.; et al. 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Florida Institute of Technology 2458: 1788:Universal code (data compression) 1500:In the prediction stage, various 1022: 5910: 5909: 5900: 5899: 4675:Introduction to Data Compression 4181:Lecture recording, from 3:05:10. 3981:from the original on 2008-05-15. 3950:"File Compression Possibilities" 3794:from the original on 2017-02-13. 3664:from the original on 2010-07-04. 2583:IEEE Transactions on Reliability 2563:from the original on 2009-07-09. 2408:from the original on 2016-12-08. 2136: 2093:Mahmud, Salauddin (March 2012). 2010:from the original on 2013-05-20. 1919:from the original on 2010-05-24. 1381:intra-frame video coding formats 716:Joint Photographic Experts Group 555: 27:Compact encoding of digital data 4644:from the original on 2007-09-28 4498: 4294:from the original on 2019-07-06 4256:from the original on 2019-05-29 4205: 3985: 3928: 3856: 3829: 3798: 3780:Brandenburg, Karlheinz (1999). 3738: 3695:from the original on 2014-01-24 3617: 3548: 3521: 3353: 3322: 3291: 3259: 3173: 3009: 2973: 2913:from the original on 2005-10-08 2864:from the original on 2011-05-24 2751: 2726: 2701: 2680: 2663:"What Is AI Video Compression?" 2661:Gary Adcock (January 5, 2023). 2654: 2296:from the original on 2013-07-28 2217: 2203: 2115:from the original on 2013-11-02 2055:. Champaign, IL. p. 1069. 1878:from the original on 2013-03-20 1712:Genetics compression algorithms 1204:developed a form of LPC called 774:extension, was selected as the 402:Shannon's source coding theorem 99:space-time complexity trade-off 9093:Hidden file / Hidden directory 7306:ISO/IEC base media file format 4155:. In Tescher, Andrew G (ed.). 3595:Schroeder, Manfred R. (2014). 2854:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2 2824:(1948). Alcatel-Lucent (ed.). 2379:IEEE Transactions on Computers 2257:. Wolfram Media, Inc. p. 2042: 2014: 1633:. In 1999, it was followed by 1589:used for codecs have been the 1210:code-excited linear prediction 1190:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 633:with patching reproducing the 406:algorithmic information theory 198:prediction by partial matching 13: 1: 9136:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 4670:hydrogenaudio wiki comparison 4450:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt362 4409:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn582 4276:"MPEG-4 Visual - Patent List" 3675:Guckert, John (Spring 2012). 3530:Bell System Technical Journal 2993:. 31 May 2018. Archived from 2833:Bell System Technical Journal 2034:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 1799: 1249:The world's first commercial 1192:) in 1966. During the 1970s, 1041:absolute threshold of hearing 699:(FFT) coding in 1968 and the 691:which was developed in 1950. 487:unsupervised machine learning 408:for lossless compression and 331:and HEVC) and audio (such as 4151:Reader, Cliff (2016-08-31). 3633:Found. Trends Signal Process 3484:. Berlin: Springer. p. 2758:Edwards, Benj (2023-09-28). 2349:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z 1965:10.1007/978-81-8489-989-4_51 1816:Signal coding and processing 1599:Motion Picture Experts Group 1529: 1070:for streaming applications. 744:format, introduced in 1987. 384:Lossy compression can cause 7: 9270:Comparison of file managers 9069:List of filename extensions 4584:"Part 3: Video compression" 4120:Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003). 3815:10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169405 3329:Swartz, Charles S. (2005). 3211:Unser, M.; Blu, T. 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Independent JPEG Group 1368:compression (a temporal 1279: 1178:linear predictive coding 1064:linear predictive coding 924:(Scalable to Lossless), 785: 669: 659:differential compression 400:and, more specifically, 247: 219:probability distribution 9282:File-system permissions 7573:Alliance for Open Media 5796:Compressed suffix array 5345:Nyquist–Shannon theorem 4677:by Guy E Blelloch from 4600:, Ateme, archived from 4588:Data Compression Basics 4549:10.1126/science.1200970 4087:Proceedings of the IEEE 3782:"MP3 and AAC Explained" 3448:Audio-Video Engineering 3298:Bovik, Alan C. (2009). 3237:10.1109/TIP.2003.812329 2926:Proceedings of the IEEE 2524:Computational Economics 2391:10.1109/T-C.1974.223784 1930:Salomon, David (2008). 1691:, web software such as 1454:video compression codec 1053:Equal-loudness contours 988:digital generation loss 943:Lossy audio compression 883:list of lossless codecs 664: 438:posterior probabilities 206:probabilistic modelling 103:Computational resources 9355:Utility software types 6493:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) 4347:Nucleic Acids Research 4104:10.1109/PROC.1967.5493 4023:Li, Jian Ping (2006). 3446:Jaiswal, R.C. (2009). 2938:10.1109/PROC.1969.6869 2895:Proceedings of the IRE 2595:10.1109/TR.2005.853280 2461:"On image compression" 1587:video coding standards 1478: 1314:video coding standards 1139: 1043:and the principles of 960: 887:Direct Stream Transfer 822:information redundancy 697:fast Fourier transform 548: 410:rate–distortion theory 296:for images and video. 270: 131:statistical redundancy 107:lossy data compression 73:statistical redundancy 8536:Windows Media Encoder 8246:Windows Media Encoder 7868:GNOME Archive Manager 7511:QuickTime File Format 5825:Kolmogorov complexity 5693:Video characteristics 5070:LZ77 + Huffman + ANS 3714:Luo, Fa-Long (2008). 3510:US patent 2605361 3145:Hoffman, Roy (2012). 2822:Claude Elwood Shannon 2253:A New Kind of Science 2143:Internet FAQ Archives 1813:Wade, Graham (1994). 1753:Kolmogorov complexity 1697:Microsoft Silverlight 1657:Godo Kaisha IP Bridge 1631:SD digital television 1597:was developed by the 1476: 1446:Further information: 1297:requires a very high 1133: 1057:psychoacoustic models 950: 776:video coding standard 543: 528:(PNG) for images and 518:Large language models 450:feature space vectors 422:statistical inference 261: 9297:File synchronization 9146:Semantic file system 8969:List of file formats 8814:Protection (privacy) 7956:(decompression only) 7950:(decompression only) 7944:(decompression only) 7900:(decompression only) 7770:Compression software 7327:MPEG media transport 6404:Sorenson Video/Spark 5915:Compression software 5509:Compression artifact 5465:Psychoacoustic model 4238:"MPEG-2 Patent List" 3379:10.1155/2019/8265301 3337:Taylor & Francis 2883:David Albert Huffman 2738:blog.research.google 1934:. Berlin: Springer. 1251:broadcast automation 1230:(DCT), developed by 1198:Manfred R. Schroeder 1150:filed the patent on 1045:simultaneous masking 930:OptimFROG DualStream 738:lossless compression 579:improve this section 364:video coding formats 242:random-access memory 214:finite-state machine 119:Lossless compression 9126:Directory structure 8600:compression formats 8596:compression methods 8506:Schrödinger (Dirac) 7768:for techniques and 7766:Compression methods 6262:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358) 5905:Compression formats 5544:Texture compression 5539:Standard test image 5355:Silence compression 4540:2011Sci...332...60H 4491:10.3390/info7040056 4165:2016SPIE.9971E..1BR 3956:. 17 February 2017. 3597:"Bell Laboratories" 3229:2003ITIP...12.1080U 3057:. 24 September 2013 2715:. 23 September 2021 2630:10.1109/DCC.2006.13 2574:I. Ben-Gal (2008). 2341:1991DSP.....1....4A 2052:New Kind of Science 1871:(6, No. 3): 53–59. 1793:Vector quantization 1735:Shannon information 1623:Mitsubishi Electric 1560:video coding format 1548:, T. Natarajan and 1542:run-length encoding 1448:Motion compensation 1429:Wavelet compression 1417:fractal compression 1362:motion compensation 1318:motion compensation 1286:Video coding format 1234:, T. Natarajan and 1188:) and Shuzo Saito ( 1172:was first used for 866:format at a medium 812:are implemented in 792:Audio coding format 756:Wavelet compression 685:Shannon–Fano coding 174:Grammar-based codes 139:run-length encoding 9335:Digital television 9064:Filename extension 8491:Helix DNA Producer 8189:Helix DNA Producer 8172:Fraunhofer FDK AAC 5813:Information theory 5668:Display resolution 5494:Chroma subsampling 4883:Byte pair encoding 4828:Shannon–Fano–Elias 4359:10.1093/nar/gks709 4173:10.1117/12.2239493 3685:University of Utah 3646:10.1561/2000000036 2885:(September 1952), 1693:Adobe Flash Player 1524:deblocking filters 1479: 1436:Inter-frame coding 1374:Intra-frame coding 1295:Uncompressed video 1176:compression, with 1146:. There, in 1950, 1140: 1031:(MDCT) to convert 961: 918:audio file formats 701:Hadamard transform 549: 491:k-means clustering 398:information theory 379:internet telephony 271: 237:for video coding. 53:bit-rate reduction 41:information theory 9345:Video compression 9312: 9311: 9304:File verification 9057:Filename mangling 8984:Open file formats 8902: 8901: 8894:Wrangling/munging 8744:Format management 8608: 8607: 8586: 8585: 8544: 8543: 8312: 8311: 8134: 8133: 8046: 8045: 7777: 7776: 7551: 7550: 7469:DivX Media Format 7257: 7256: 7042: 7041: 6442: 6441: 6332:Microsoft Video 1 6267:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368) 6253:(GB/T 20090.2/16) 5928: 5927: 5777: 5776: 5727:Deblocking filter 5625: 5624: 5473: 5472: 5282: 5281: 5127: 5126: 3424:"Format overview" 3404:"FLAC Comparison" 3079:. 27 January 1995 2268:978-1-57955-008-0 1997:Electrical Review 1974:978-81-8489-988-7 1826:978-0-521-42336-6 1585:The most popular 1423:and the use of a 1389:lossy compression 1334:container formats 1214:compression ratio 1186:Nagoya University 1170:Perceptual coding 1164:James L. Flanagan 1154:(DPCM). In 1973, 834:linear prediction 720:image file format 712:lossy compression 676:Image compression 619:data differencing 615: 614: 607: 536:Data differencing 512:signal processing 496:image compression 442:arithmetic coding 303:, especially the 275:image compression 254:Lossy compression 210:arithmetic coding 84:data transmission 16:(Redirected from 9362: 9325:Data compression 9260:Data compression 9141:Grid file system 9119:Temporary folder 9109:Directory/folder 8929: 8922: 8915: 8906: 8905: 8635: 8628: 8621: 8612: 8611: 8342: 8341: 8333: 8332: 8329: 8155: 8154: 8151: 8057: 8056: 7948:StuffIt Expander 7836: 7835: 7832: 7811:Data compression 7804: 7797: 7790: 7781: 7780: 7543:VOB, IFO and BUP 7317:Motion JPEG 2000 7268: 7267: 7055: 7054: 7014:aptX Low Latency 6791:Chinese Standard 6455: 6454: 6244:Chinese Standard 6016:Motion JPEG 2000 5985: 5984: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5913: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5732:Lapped transform 5636: 5635: 5514:Image resolution 5499:Coding tree unit 5484: 5483: 5293: 5292: 5138: 5137: 4759: 4758: 4745:Data compression 4738: 4731: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4645: 4643: 4636: 4605: 4594:Pierre Larbier, 4590: 4570: 4569: 4551: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4443:(17): 2199–202. 4428: 4422: 4421: 4411: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4370: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4293: 4280: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4255: 4242: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4201:. 22 April 2012. 4195: 4182: 4180: 4175:. Archived from 4148: 4142: 4141: 4130:. pp. 1–2. 4117: 4108: 4107: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4031:World Scientific 4020: 4014: 4013: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3973: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3844:(5): 1153–1161. 3833: 3827: 3826: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3786: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3753:(5): 1231–1241. 3742: 3736: 3735: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3694: 3681: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3648: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3592: 3581: 3580: 3563:(7): 1105–1118. 3552: 3546: 3545: 3536:(7): 1105–1118. 3525: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3483: 3473: 3462: 3461: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3223:(9): 1080–1090. 3208: 3202: 3201: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3120: 3118:10.17487/RFC1951 3099:L. Peter Deutsch 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2997:on 5 August 2019 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2961:. September 1992 2956: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2891: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2830: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2720: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2618:Carla E. Brodley 2613: 2607: 2606: 2580: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2539: 2521: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2472: 2465: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2428:, pp. 54 ff 2427: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2376: 2364: 2353: 2352: 2321:(January 1991). 2315: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2295: 2288: 2284:"On Compression" 2282:Arcangel, Cory. 2279: 2273: 2272: 2256: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2227:. Archived from 2221: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2114: 2099: 2090: 2081: 2080: 2074: 2066: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 1994: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1903: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1862: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1810: 1748:HTTP compression 1653:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 1463:variable bitrate 1421:matching pursuit 1391:techniques like 1316:are the DCT and 1182:Fumitada Itakura 1148:C. Chapin Cutler 1049:temporal masking 1037:frequency domain 772:Motion JPEG 2000 734:Lempel–Ziv–Welch 693:Transform coding 687:, the basis for 652:relative entropy 610: 603: 599: 596: 590: 559: 551: 434:machine learning 428:Machine learning 301:transform coding 231:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 196:models, such as 158:Lempel–Ziv–Welch 129:usually exploit 45:data compression 21: 18:Text compression 9370: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9250:File comparison 9233: 9202:File descriptor 9190: 9157: 9097: 9030: 8974:File signatures 8938: 8933: 8903: 8898: 8874:Synchronization 8644: 8639: 8609: 8604: 8582: 8540: 8459: 8436: 8383: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8308: 8250: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8130: 8116: 8052: 8042: 8013:PKZIP/SecureZIP 7993:Archive Utility 7969: 7918: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7814: 7808: 7778: 7773: 7758: 7732: 7577: 7547: 7405: 7382: 7354: 7331: 7253: 7172: 7070: 7049: 7038: 6834: 6806:(GB/T 33475.3) 6800:(GB/T 20090.10) 6786: 6763: 6735: 6677: 6639: 6554: 6550:MPEG-H 3D Audio 6476:MPEG-1 Layer II 6466: 6449: 6438: 6270: 6239: 6190: 6152: 6100: 5996: 5979: 5972: 5959: 5929: 5924: 5891: 5875: 5859: 5840:Rate–distortion 5773: 5702: 5621: 5548: 5469: 5374: 5370:Sub-band coding 5278: 5203:Predictive type 5198: 5123: 5090:LZSS + Huffman 5040:LZ77 + Huffman 5029: 4939: 4875:Dictionary type 4869: 4771:Adaptive coding 4748: 4742: 4703:Wayback Machine 4693:Wayback Machine 4664:Wayback Machine 4641: 4634: 4628: 4623:Wayback Machine 4613:Wayback Machine 4582: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4534:(6025): 60–65. 4520: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4470: 4466: 4429: 4425: 4388: 4384: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4185: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4118: 4111: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4033:. p. 847. 4021: 4017: 4010: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3916:on 8 March 2013 3904: 3903: 3899: 3890: 3888: 3875: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3834: 3830: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3724:. p. 590. 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3628: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3593: 3584: 3553: 3549: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3474: 3465: 3458: 3444: 3437: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3408: 3406: 3402:Coalson, Josh. 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3339:. p. 147. 3327: 3323: 3316: 3308:. p. 355. 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3264: 3260: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3178: 3174: 3163: 3155:. p. 124. 3143: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2889: 2880: 2876: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2828: 2819: 2815: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2768: 2766: 2756: 2752: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2659: 2655: 2640: 2624:. p. 332. 2614: 2610: 2578: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2537:10.1.1.627.3751 2519: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2492:Mahoney, Matt. 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2459:Marak, Laszlo. 2457: 2453: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2316: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2276: 2269: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2232: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2135: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2047: 2043: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2007: 1992: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1860: 1854: 1847: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1783:Sub-band coding 1743: 1726: 1709: 1538: 1532: 1471: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1343: 1341:Encoding theory 1292: 1282: 1160:Nikil S. Jayant 1128: 1120:μ-law algorithm 1116:A-law algorithm 1093:Speech encoding 1090: 1088:Speech encoding 1025: 977:auditory system 972:optimizations. 945: 849:psychoacoustics 798: 788: 678: 672: 667: 611: 600: 594: 591: 576: 560: 538: 430: 394: 386:generation loss 360:streaming video 348:digital cameras 292:for sound, and 290:psychoacoustics 256: 250: 178:data collection 170:Huffman encoded 121: 115: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9368: 9358: 9357: 9352: 9350:Videotelephony 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9167: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9128: 9123: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9076:File attribute 9073: 9072: 9071: 9061: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9028: 9026:Zero-byte file 9023: 9021:Temporary file 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8961: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8936:Computer files 8932: 8931: 8924: 8917: 8909: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8799:Pre-processing 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8638: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8615: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8602: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8554: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8467: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8339: 8330: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8279:Monkey's Audio 8276: 8271: 8266: 8260: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8191: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8177:Nero AAC Codec 8174: 8163: 8161: 8152: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8063: 8061: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7979: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7954:The Unarchiver 7951: 7945: 7939: 7934: 7928: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7833: 7816: 7815: 7807: 7806: 7799: 7792: 7784: 7775: 7774: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7754:List of codecs 7751: 7746: 7740: 7738: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7587: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7556:Collaborations 7553: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7322:MPEG-21 Part 9 7319: 7314: 7311:MPEG-4 Part 14 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7280: 7278: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7052: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6891:Monkey's Audio 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6831:(SJ/T 11299.4) 6826: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6801: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6745: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6687: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6564: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6495: 6490: 6488:MPEG-1 Layer I 6485: 6484: 6483: 6472: 6470: 6452: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6254: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6201: 6199: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6162: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6094:Part 2 / LCEVC 6091: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6002: 6000: 5982: 5974: 5973: 5958: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5907: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5787: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5642: 5640: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5396: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5299: 5297: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5274:Psychoacoustic 5271: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5146: 5144: 5142:Transform type 5135: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4741: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4696: 4686: 4681: 4672: 4667: 4657: 4651: 4646: 4626: 4616: 4606: 4591: 4578: 4577:External links 4575: 4572: 4571: 4514: 4497: 4464: 4437:Bioinformatics 4423: 4396:Bioinformatics 4382: 4333: 4305: 4267: 4229: 4204: 4183: 4179:on 2016-12-08. 4143: 4136: 4109: 4076: 4065:on 23 May 2013 4055:"Video Coding" 4046: 4039: 4015: 4008: 4002:. p. 71. 3984: 3959: 3941: 3927: 3897: 3869: 3855: 3828: 3797: 3772: 3737: 3730: 3706: 3667: 3639:(4): 203–303. 3616: 3609: 3582: 3547: 3520: 3501: 3494: 3463: 3456: 3435: 3415: 3394: 3385: 3352: 3345: 3321: 3314: 3306:Academic Press 3290: 3258: 3203: 3196: 3172: 3161: 3137: 3090: 3068: 3040: 3008: 2972: 2943: 2916: 2874: 2813: 2798: 2775: 2750: 2725: 2700: 2679: 2653: 2638: 2608: 2589:(3): 381–388. 2566: 2530:(2): 131–154. 2507: 2484: 2473:on 28 May 2015 2451: 2411: 2354: 2307: 2274: 2267: 2241: 2216: 2202: 2165:G. J. Sullivan 2156: 2126: 2082: 2061: 2041: 2013: 2003:(4): 279–285. 1980: 1973: 1947: 1940: 1922: 1889: 1845: 1825: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1725: 1722: 1708: 1705: 1699:, and various 1661:LG Electronics 1534:Main article: 1531: 1528: 1495:motion vectors 1470: 1467: 1440:Main article: 1437: 1434: 1370:delta encoding 1342: 1339: 1281: 1278: 1194:Bishnu S. Atal 1127: 1124: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1089: 1086: 1024: 1023:Coding methods 1021: 970:psychoacoustic 951:Comparison of 944: 941: 891:Super Audio CD 787: 784: 780:digital cinema 752:(PNG) format. 728:digital photos 724:digital images 689:Huffman coding 681:Entropy coding 674:Main article: 671: 668: 666: 663: 613: 612: 563: 561: 554: 537: 534: 429: 426: 414:Claude Shannon 393: 390: 252:Main article: 249: 246: 117:Main article: 114: 111: 88:channel coding 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9367: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9330:Digital audio 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9305: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9287:File transfer 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9236: 9230: 9229:Symbolic link 9227: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9214: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9062: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9052:Long filename 9050: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8930: 8925: 8923: 8918: 8916: 8911: 8910: 8907: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8631: 8629: 8624: 8622: 8617: 8616: 8613: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8589: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8129: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8051:Non-archiving 8049: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8018:PowerArchiver 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7840:Free software 7837: 7834: 7830: 7821: 7817: 7812: 7805: 7800: 7798: 7793: 7791: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7088:CCITT Group 4 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7019:aptX Adaptive 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6769:Bluetooth SIG 6766: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6515:MPEG Surround 6513: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6445: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6065:Part 2 / HEVC 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6053:Part 33 / IVC 6051: 6049: 6048:Part 10 / AVC 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5956: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5906: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5698:Video quality 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5365:Speech coding 5363: 5361: 5360:Sound quality 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5335:Dynamic range 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100:LZ77 + Range 5099: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4727: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4604:on 2009-09-05 4603: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4507: 4501: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4337: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4277: 4271: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4137:9780852967102 4133: 4129: 4125: 4124: 4116: 4114: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4040:9789812709998 4036: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4019: 4011: 4009:9780203904183 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3988: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3887:on 2000-09-14 3886: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3866:(in Spanish). 3865: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3731:9780387782638 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3710: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3678: 3671: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3612: 3610:9783319056609 3606: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3511: 3505: 3497: 3495:9783642126512 3491: 3487: 3482: 3481: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3459: 3457:9788190639675 3453: 3449: 3442: 3440: 3425: 3419: 3405: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3348: 3346:9780240806174 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3317: 3315:9780080922508 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3199: 3197:9781461507994 3193: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3176: 3169: 3168:entire image. 3164: 3162:9781461560319 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149: 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2144: 2140: 2133: 2131: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2078: 2072: 2064: 2062:1-57955-008-8 2058: 2054: 2053: 2045: 2037: 2031: 2023: 2017: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1984: 1976: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1943: 1941:9781848000728 1937: 1933: 1926: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1900: 1893: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1840: 1828: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1768:Motion coding 1766: 1764: 1763:Modulo-N code 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673:Blu-ray Discs 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1516:entropy coder 1512: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1502:deduplication 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1475: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:video quality 1399: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1244:Dolby Digital 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174:speech coding 1171: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156:Adaptive DPCM 1153: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1132: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 996: 994: 989: 985: 984:audio quality 980: 978: 973: 971: 967: 958: 954: 949: 940: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 877: 876:curve fitting 871: 869: 865: 861: 860:high fidelity 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 797: 793: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 758:, the use of 757: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 677: 662: 660: 655: 653: 649: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 609: 606: 598: 588: 584: 580: 574: 573: 569: 564:This section 562: 558: 553: 552: 546: 542: 533: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 513: 509: 505: 499: 497: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468:NVIDIA Maxine 464: 462: 458: 455:According to 453: 451: 446: 443: 439: 435: 425: 423: 419: 418:coding theory 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 389: 387: 382: 380: 376: 375:speech coding 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 295: 294:psychovisuals 291: 286: 281: 276: 268: 264: 260: 255: 245: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 194:probabilistic 190: 188: 184: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 120: 110: 108: 104: 100: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 49:source coding 46: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9292:File sharing 9265:File manager 9259: 9255:File copying 9102:Organisation 9047:8.3 filename 9001:Sidecar file 8979:Magic number 8804:Preservation 8794:Philanthropy 8687: 8658:Augmentation 8573:MSU Lossless 8417:Nero Digital 8364:Nero Digital 7878:KGB Archiver 7810: 7582: 6820:(GB/T 22726) 6481:Multichannel 6337:MSU Lossless 6251:AVS1 P2/AVS+ 6205:TrueMotion S 6143:H.265 / HEVC 6089:Part 1 / EVC 6077:Part 3 / VVC 6043:Part 2 / ASP 5964: 5871:Hutter Prize 5835:Quantization 5740:Compensation 5534:Quantization 5257:Compensation 4823:Shannon–Fano 4763:Entropy type 4744: 4630: 4602:the original 4596: 4587: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4500: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4402:(2): 274–5. 4399: 4395: 4385: 4353:(20): e159. 4350: 4346: 4336: 4324:. Retrieved 4320: 4308: 4296:. Retrieved 4282: 4270: 4258:. Retrieved 4244: 4232: 4220:. Retrieved 4216: 4207: 4177:the original 4156: 4146: 4122: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4063:the original 4059:CSIP website 4058: 4049: 4025: 4018: 3994: 3987: 3962: 3953: 3944: 3930: 3918:. Retrieved 3914:the original 3909: 3900: 3889:. Retrieved 3885:the original 3879: 3872: 3858: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3806: 3800: 3775: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3716: 3709: 3697:. Retrieved 3683: 3670: 3636: 3632: 3619: 3600: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3504: 3479: 3447: 3427:. Retrieved 3418: 3407:. Retrieved 3397: 3388: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3331: 3324: 3300: 3293: 3283:13 September 3281:. Retrieved 3271: 3261: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3182: 3175: 3166: 3147: 3140: 3129:. Retrieved 3103: 3101:(May 1996). 3093: 3081:. Retrieved 3071: 3061:13 September 3059:. Retrieved 3054:The Atlantic 3052: 3043: 3033:13 September 3031:. Retrieved 3021: 3011: 2999:. Retrieved 2995:the original 2984: 2975: 2963:. Retrieved 2946: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2893: 2877: 2866:. Retrieved 2836: 2832: 2816: 2807: 2801: 2789:. Retrieved 2778: 2767:. Retrieved 2764:Ars Technica 2763: 2753: 2742:. Retrieved 2740:. 2023-05-25 2737: 2728: 2717:. Retrieved 2712: 2703: 2682: 2670:. Retrieved 2666: 2656: 2621: 2611: 2586: 2582: 2569: 2527: 2523: 2510: 2498:. Retrieved 2487: 2475:. Retrieved 2468:the original 2454: 2430:, retrieved 2421: 2414: 2385:(1): 90–93. 2382: 2378: 2332: 2326: 2319:Ahmed, Nasir 2298:. Retrieved 2277: 2252: 2244: 2233:. Retrieved 2229:the original 2219: 2205: 2176: 2172: 2159: 2147:. Retrieved 2142: 2117:. Retrieved 2105: 2101: 2051: 2044: 2021: 2016: 2000: 1996: 1983: 1956: 1950: 1931: 1925: 1912:(1): 18–23. 1909: 1905: 1892: 1880:. Retrieved 1868: 1864: 1836: 1830:. Retrieved 1815: 1808: 1773:Range coding 1727: 1710: 1689:iTunes Store 1667:(CABAC) and 1651: 1584: 1554: 1539: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1480: 1456:records the 1451: 1414: 1393:quantization 1386: 1378: 1351: 1344: 1332: 1330: 1311: 1293: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1248: 1226: 1168: 1141: 1138:for PC, 1990 1113: 1098: 1091: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1026: 997: 981: 974: 962: 957:bandlimiting 953:spectrograms 934: 915: 903:Dolby TrueHD 880: 872: 856:compact disc 853: 838: 830:quantization 799: 754: 732: 705: 679: 658: 656: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 616: 601: 592: 577:Please help 565: 516: 500: 484: 465: 461:Hutter Prize 454: 447: 431: 395: 383: 371:audio signal 368: 345: 298: 272: 239: 191: 143: 122: 96: 77: 59:using fewer 52: 48: 44: 38: 36: 9131:File system 9016:System file 9006:Sparse file 8964:File format 8950:Binary file 8864:Stewardship 8754:Integration 8703:Degradation 8688:Compression 8668:Archaeology 8653:Acquisition 8320:compression 8142:compression 8053:compressors 7824:compression 7538:MOD and TOD 7479:Flash Video 7417:3GP and 3G2 7098:HEIC / HEIF 7050:compression 6810:Audio Vivid 6545:MPEG-D USAC 6540:MPEG-4 CELP 6535:MPEG-4 HVXC 6450:compression 6282:Apple Video 6198:and AOMedia 6148:H.266 / VVC 6138:H.264 / AVC 5980:compression 5965:compression 5830:Prefix code 5683:Frame types 5504:Color space 5330:Convolution 5060:LZ77 + ANS 4971:Incremental 4944:Other types 4863:Levenshtein 4478:Information 4098:: 356–364. 2713:www.ibm.com 2616:D. Scully; 2368:Nasir Ahmed 2137:Lane, Tom. 1593:standards. 1546:Nasir Ahmed 1458:differences 1442:Inter frame 1366:Inter-frame 1301:. Although 1290:Video codec 1232:Nasir Ahmed 1033:time domain 796:Audio codec 736:(LZW) is a 643:difference. 309:Nasir Ahmed 154:Terry Welch 135:information 92:line coding 57:information 32:Source code 9319:Categories 9238:Management 9163:Operations 9114:NTFS links 9035:Properties 8884:Validation 8819:Publishing 8809:Processing 8779:Management 8693:Corruption 8683:Collection 8594:See also: 8501:libavcodec 8346:MPEG-4 ASP 8326:comparison 8274:libavcodec 8216:libavcodec 8148:comparison 7975:Commercial 7829:comparison 7772:for codecs 7719:Daubechies 7694:Transforms 7596:Arithmetic 7263:Containers 6968:True Audio 6812:(GY/T 363) 6530:MPEG-4 DST 6525:MPEG-4 SLS 6520:MPEG-4 ALS 6394:SheerVideo 6368:QuickTime 6196:TrueMotion 5962:Multimedia 5887:Mark Adler 5845:Redundancy 5762:Daubechies 5745:Estimation 5678:Frame rate 5600:Daubechies 5560:Chain code 5519:Macroblock 5325:Companding 5262:Estimation 5182:Daubechies 4888:Lempel–Ziv 4848:Exp-Golomb 4776:Arithmetic 3891:2011-11-11 3429:2020-08-23 3409:2020-08-23 3131:2014-04-23 2868:2019-04-21 2769:2024-03-07 2744:2024-03-16 2719:2024-02-05 2694:2006.09965 2667:massive.io 2432:2009-11-07 2335:(1): 4–5. 2235:2021-11-07 2169:T. 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