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Since QC actions occur during or after the data collection, all the details can be carefully documented. There is a necessity for a clearly defined communication structure as a precondition for establishing monitoring systems. Uncertainty about the flow of information is not recommended, as a poorly
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QA's focus is prevention, which is primarily a cost-effective activity to protect the integrity of data collection. Standardization of protocol, with comprehensive and detailed procedure descriptions for data collection, are central for prevention. The risk of failing to identify problems and errors
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A formal data collection process is necessary, as it ensures that the data gathered are both defined and accurate. This way, subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the findings are made using valid data. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain cases an
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organized communication structure leads to lax monitoring and can also limit the opportunities for detecting errors. Quality control is also responsible for the identification of actions necessary for correcting faulty data collection practices and also minimizing such future occurrences. A
507:, because this data is transferred across countries that have different standards of protection for individual user data. Information processing has advanced to the level where user data can now be used to predict what an individual is saying before they even speak.
300:), accurate data collection is essential to maintain research integrity. The selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly developed) and delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of
817:
Most, Marlene M.; Craddick, Shirley; Crawford, Staci; Redican, Susan; Rhodes, Donna; Rukenbrod, Fran; Laws, Reesa (October 2003). "Dietary quality assurance processes of the DASH-Sodium controlled diet study".
285:. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture evidence that allows
417:
data into discernible information. Marketers may want to receive and utilize first, second and third-party data.DMPs enable this, because they are the aggregate system of
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Vuong, Quan-Hoang; La, Viet-Phuong; Vuong, Thu-Trang; Ho, Manh-Toan; Nguyen, Hong-Kong T.; Nguyen, Viet-Ha; Pham, Hiep-Hung; Ho, Manh-Tung (September 25, 2018).
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is more likely to not realize the necessity to perform these actions if their procedures are written vaguely and are not based on feedback or education.
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Failure to recognize exact content and strategies for training and retraining staff members responsible for data collection
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is to support the observation of errors in the data collection process. Those errors may be made intentionally (deliberate
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on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.
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Vague description of data collection instruments instead of rigorous step-by-step instructions on administering tests
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in the research process is often caused by poorly written guidelines. Listed are several examples of such failures:
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Ziafati
Bafarasat, A. (2021) Collecting and validating data: A simple guide for researchers. Advance. Preprint..
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Lescroël, A. L.; Ballard, G.; Grémillet, D.; Authier, M.; Ainley, D. G. (2014). Descamps, Sébastien (ed.).
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There are two approaches that may protect data integrity and secure scientific validity of study results:
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649:"Antarctic Climate Change: Extreme Events Disrupt Plastic Phenotypic Response in Adélie Penguins"
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No predetermined mechanism to document changes in procedures that occur during the investigation
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Unclear instructions for using, making adjustments to, and calibrating data collection equipment
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425:(supply side platform). DMPs are integral for optimizing and future advertising campaigns.
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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Law of
Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and China
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to lead to the formulation of credible answers to the questions that have been posed.
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There are serious concerns about the integrity of individual user data collected by
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409:(DMP) are centralized storage and analytical systems for data, mainly used in
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Uncertainty of timing, methods and identification of the responsible person
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Quality control â all actions carried out during and after data collection
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Quality assurance â all actions carried out before data collection
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Data
Collection and Analysis By Dr. Roger Sapsford, Victor Jupp
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2013:
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are identified and weighed each time they cross the automated
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Regardless of the field of or preference for defining data (
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about experiment, sampling, measurement and preprocessing.
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Data collection problems that necessitate prompt action:
413:. DMPs exist to compile and transform large amounts of
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Example of data collection in the biological sciences:
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2820:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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362:consist of four steps when it involves taking a
2368:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
482:Partial listing of items needed to be collected
705:
923:
550:Individual staff or site performance problems
820:Journal of the American Dietetic Association
764:https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.13637864.v1
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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269:component in all study fields, including
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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230:
881:"Data, not privacy, is the real danger"
510:
3294:
2894:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
853:Wang, Faye Fangfei (10 January 2014).
797:Responsible Conduct in Data Management
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791:Northern Illinois University (2005).
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2904:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
852:
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
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2499:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
1351:
622:Quantitative methods in criminology
13:
2594:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
1220:Pearson product-moment correlation
16:Gathering information for analysis
14:
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366:and seven steps when it involves
243:on their way to or from the sea.
34:This article has multiple issues.
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433:The main reason for maintaining
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254:is the process of gathering and
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23:
2853:Least-squares spectral analysis
547:Errors in individual data items
374:indication of what to improve.
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1834:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
937:
873:
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181:format but may read better as
1:
3147:Geographic information system
2363:Simultaneous equations models
832:10.1016/s0002-8223(03)01080-0
633:
2330:Coefficient of determination
1941:Uniformly most powerful test
674:10.1371/journal.pone.0085291
7:
2899:Proportional hazards models
2843:Spectral density estimation
2825:Vector autoregression (VAR)
2259:Maximum posterior estimator
1491:Randomized controlled trial
559:
421:(demand side platform) and
10:
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2659:Multivariate distributions
1079:Average absolute deviation
859:. Routledge. p. 154.
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902:All about data collection
597:Scientific data archiving
406:Data management platforms
3142:Environmental statistics
2664:Elliptical distributions
2457:Generalized linear model
2386:Simple linear regression
2156:HodgesâLehmann estimator
1613:Probability distribution
1522:Stochastic approximation
1084:Coefficient of variation
544:or scientific misconduct
441:) or non-intentionally (
400:Data management platform
394:Data management platform
377:
2802:Cross-correlation (XCF)
2410:Non-standard predictors
1844:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
1517:Adaptive clinical trial
190:converting this article
3250:Business and economics
3198:Mathematics portal
3019:Engineering statistics
2927:NelsonâAalen estimator
2504:Analysis of covariance
2391:Ordinary least squares
2315:Pearson product-moment
1719:Statistical functional
1630:Empirical distribution
1463:Controlled experiments
1192:Frequency distribution
970:Descriptive statistics
732:10.1038/sdata.2018.188
607:Survey data collection
464:Quality assurance (QA)
389:Data collection system
383:Data collection system
327:is missing information
244:
3312:Design of experiments
3114:Population statistics
3056:System identification
2790:Autocorrelation (ACF)
2718:Exponential smoothing
2632:Discriminant analysis
2627:Canonical correlation
2491:Partition of variance
2353:Regression validation
2197:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
2096:Likelihood-ratio test
1785:Frequentist inference
1697:Locationâscale family
1618:Sampling distribution
1583:Statistical inference
1550:Cross-sectional study
1537:Observational studies
1496:Randomized experiment
1325:Stem-and-leaf display
1127:Central limit theorem
592:Sampling (statistics)
567:Controlled experiment
538:Violation of protocol
515:Further information:
468:Further information:
429:Data integrity issues
234:
3037:Probabilistic design
2622:Principal components
2465:Exponential families
2417:Nonlinear regression
2396:General linear model
2358:Mixed effects models
2348:Errors and residuals
2325:Confounding variable
2227:Bayesian probability
2205:Van der Waerden test
2195:Ordered alternative
1960:Multiple comparisons
1839:RaoâBlackwellization
1802:Estimating equations
1758:Statistical distance
1476:Factorial experiment
1009:Arithmetic-Geometric
511:Quality control (QC)
358:Data collection and
84:improve this article
3109:Official statistics
3032:Methods engineering
2713:Seasonal adjustment
2481:Poisson regressions
2401:Bayesian regression
2340:Regression analysis
2320:Partial correlation
2292:Regression analysis
1891:Prediction interval
1886:Likelihood interval
1876:Confidence interval
1868:Interval estimation
1829:Unbiased estimators
1647:Model specification
1527:Up-and-down designs
1215:Partial correlation
1171:Index of dispersion
1089:Interquartile range
724:2018NatSD...580188V
665:2014PLoSO...985291L
617:Quantitative method
587:Observational study
499:User privacy issues
3307:Survey methodology
3129:Spatial statistics
3009:Medical statistics
2909:First hitting time
2863:Whittle likelihood
2514:Degrees of freedom
2509:Multivariate ANOVA
2442:Heteroscedasticity
2254:Bayesian estimator
2219:Bayesian inference
2068:KolmogorovâSmirnov
1953:Randomization test
1923:Testing hypotheses
1896:Tolerance interval
1807:Maximum likelihood
1702:Exponential family
1635:Density estimation
1595:Statistical theory
1555:Natural experiment
1501:Scientific control
1418:Survey methodology
1104:Standard deviation
887:. 4 February 2019.
612:Qualitative method
602:Statistical survey
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192:, if appropriate.
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3074:Actuarial science
3066:Social statistics
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2733:Granger causality
2574:Contingency table
2549:Survival analysis
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2378:Linear regression
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1024:Generalized/power
866:978-1-134-11522-8
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793:"Data Collection"
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470:Quality assurance
447:systematic errors
415:demand and supply
354:scientific method
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2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2795:partial (PACF)
2786:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2742:Specific tests
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2642:Classification
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:McNemar's test
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2553:
2552:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2427:Semiparametric
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2168:
2165:(MannâWhitney)
2160:
2159:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2098:
2093:
2090:(ShapiroâWilk)
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2022:
2010:
2004:
2002:Specific tests
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1453:Standard error
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:Optimal design
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1180:Summary tables
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Contraharmonic
1011:
1006:
995:
993:
984:
974:
973:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
946:
943:
942:
935:
934:
927:
920:
912:
906:
905:
897:
896:External links
894:
891:
890:
872:
865:
845:
809:
783:
767:
755:
698:
638:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
551:
548:
545:
539:
536:
512:
509:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
435:data integrity
430:
427:
398:Main article:
395:
392:
387:Main article:
384:
381:
379:
376:
348:
347:
324:
322:
315:
309:
306:
252:data gathering
227:
226:
209:
208:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Geostatistics
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3119:Psychometrics
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2982:Biostatistics
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2944:
2943:Log-rank test
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2814:(BoxâJenkins)
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:DurbinâWatson
2765:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:DickeyâFuller
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Cointegration
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Decomposition
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Cohen's kappa
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Nonparametric
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:Nonparametric
2169:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2141:Sample median
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:loss function
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Questionnaire
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Control chart
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
992:
988:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
962:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
944:
940:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
910:
903:
900:
899:
886:
882:
876:
868:
862:
858:
857:
849:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
813:
798:
794:
787:
781:
780:0-7619-5046-X
777:
771:
765:
759:
751:
747:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
694:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
659:(1): e85291.
658:
654:
650:
643:
639:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:Data curation
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
555:
554:Shadow effect
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
527:
525:
518:
508:
506:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
477:
476:
471:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
448:
444:
440:
439:falsification
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
401:
390:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
355:
344:
334:
328:
325:This article
323:
319:
314:
313:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
287:data analysis
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
242:
238:
233:
223:
220:
205:
196:is available.
195:
191:
185:
184:
180:
175:This article
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: â
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3220:
3208:
3189:
3182:
3094:Econometrics
3044: /
3027:Chemometrics
3004:Epidemiology
2997: /
2970:Applications
2812:ARIMA model
2759:Q-statistic
2708:Stationarity
2604:Multivariate
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2541:Multivariate
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2148:Signed rank
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1709:Completeness
1545:Cohort study
1443:Opinion poll
1378:Missing data
1365:Study design
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1320:Scatter plot
1242:Scatter plot
1235:Spearman's Ï
1197:Grouped data
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3274:Mathematics
3222:WikiProject
3137:Cartography
3099:Jurimetrics
3051:Reliability
2782:Time domain
2761:(LjungâBox)
2683:Time-series
2561:Categorical
2545:Time-series
2537:Categorical
2472:(Bernoulli)
2307:Correlation
2287:Correlation
2083:JarqueâBera
2055:Chi-squared
1817:M-estimator
1770:Asymptotics
1714:Sufficiency
1481:Interaction
1393:Replication
1373:Effect size
1330:Violin plot
1310:Radar chart
1290:Forest plot
1280:Correlogram
1230:Kendall's Ï
627:Data mining
308:Methodology
298:qualitative
259:information
241:weighbridge
202:August 2021
3296:Categories
3089:Demography
2807:ARMA model
2612:Regression
2189:(Friedman)
2150:(Wilcoxon)
2088:Normality
2078:Lilliefors
2025:Student's
1901:Resampling
1775:Robustness
1763:divergence
1753:Efficiency
1691:(monotone)
1686:Likelihood
1603:Population
1436:Stratified
1388:Population
1207:Dependence
1163:Count data
1094:Percentile
1071:Dispersion
1004:Arithmetic
939:Statistics
718:: 180188.
634:References
360:validation
352:See also:
279:humanities
140:April 2017
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2470:Logistic
2237:posterior
2163:Rank sum
1911:Jackknife
1906:Bootstrap
1724:Bootstrap
1659:Parameter
1608:Statistic
1403:Statistic
1315:Run chart
1300:Pie chart
1295:Histogram
1285:Fan chart
1260:Bar chart
1142:L-moments
1029:Geometric
411:marketing
341:July 2023
333:talk page
256:measuring
45:talk page
3286:Contents
3184:Category
2877:Survival
2754:Johansen
2477:Binomial
2432:Isotonic
2019:(normal)
1664:location
1471:Blocking
1426:Sampling
1305:QâQ plot
1270:Box plot
1252:Graphics
1147:Skewness
1137:Kurtosis
1109:Variance
1039:Heronian
1034:Harmonic
885:NBC News
840:14520254
750:30251992
693:24489657
653:PLOS ONE
560:See also
368:sampling
283:business
271:physical
267:research
3262:Science
3236:Portals
3210:Commons
3157:Kriging
3042:Process
2999:studies
2858:Wavelet
2691:General
1858:Plug-in
1652:L space
1431:Cluster
1132:Moments
950:Outline
802:June 8,
741:6154282
720:Bibcode
684:3906005
661:Bibcode
124:scholar
3079:Census
2669:Normal
2617:Manova
2437:Robust
2187:2-way
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2174:anova
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1936:Power
1881:Pivot
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1119:Shape
1099:Range
1044:Heinz
1019:Cubic
955:Index
542:Fraud
378:Tools
183:prose
131:JSTOR
117:books
2936:Test
2136:Sign
1988:Wald
1061:Mode
999:Mean
861:ISBN
836:PMID
804:2019
776:ISBN
746:PMID
689:PMID
524:team
423:SSPs
419:DSPs
273:and
263:Data
179:list
103:news
2116:BIC
2111:AIC
828:doi
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