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women would not "nay-say" their husbands. The solution was to form the two separate
Meetings for Business. Many Quaker meeting houses were built with a movable divider down the middle. During Meetings for Worship, the divider was raised. During Business meetings the divider was lowered, creating two rooms. Each gender ran their own separate business meetings. Any issue which required the consent of the whole meeting—building repairs for example—would involve sending an emissary to the other meeting. This practice continued until there was no longer a concern over whether women would "nay-say" their husbands; some very old meetinghouses still have this divider, although it likely is nonmovable.
33:
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840:" (Gen 3:16). Indeed, after man fell, that command was. But before man fell, there was no such command. For they were both meet-helps. They were both to have dominion over all that God made... And as man and woman are restored again, by Christ, up into the image of God, they both have dominion again in Righteousness and Holiness, and are helps-meet, as before they fell.
1004:. Fry went into prisons herself to provide food, blankets, education, and other assistance to the prisoners. They were able to persuade Members of Parliament to pass reform legislation to improve prison conditions. They also were able to influence legislation that reduced the number of crimes that were punishable by death.
868:). This testified to the Friends' understanding that, in the eyes of God, there was no hierarchy based on birth, wealth, or political power—such honours they reserved only for God. This practice was not considered by Friends to be anti-authoritarian in nature, but instead as a rebuke against human pretense and ego.
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At one time it was common for male and female
Quakers to have separate Meetings for Business. This practice was considered to give the women more power and was not meant to demean them. During the 18th century, some Quakers felt that women were not participating fully in Meetings for Business as most
1015:, a human rights group primarily focused on the treatment of those in prison and those accused of crimes. It is not directly connected with the Religious Society of Friends but has similar ideals as those derived from the Testimony of Equality.
871:
Today, resistance to "hat honour" does not prevail as it once did: most hat customs are not practiced in contemporary daily life, and the individual Friend is left to decide whether or not to practice "hat honour" as a matter of conscience.
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Friends believe that all people are equal in the eyes of God. Since all people embody the same divine spark all people deserve equal treatment. Friends were some of the first to value women as important
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And some men say, "Men must have the Power and superiority over the woman, because God says, 'The man must rule over his wife, and that man is not of woman, but the woman is of the man
1613:
820:, including a belief in the spiritual equality of the sexes. From the beginning both women and men were granted equal authority to speak in meetings for worship.
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674:, but is committed action arising out of Friends' religious experience. Testimony of equality has included Quakers' participating in actions that promote the
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654:(Quakers) tending to assert or promote equality of persons, arising from the Friends' belief that all people are equal in the eyes of God. The word
952:(the most important yearly meeting in the US at the time) prohibited members from owning slaves, and on February 11, 1790, Friends petitioned the
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was another early leader of the
Friends movement. The first two people who went to what is now the United States to promote the Quaker Faith were
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was possibly the first person to be convinced by George Fox and was an outspoken and daring preacher during the earliest days of the movement.
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832:, but that since Christ has come to redeem our sins, this inequality should no longer stand. For example, George Fox wrote in 1674:
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and to campaign for women's rights; they became leaders in the anti-slavery movement, and were among the first to pioneer
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Quakers and
Quakerism in Bolton, Lancashire 1650-1995 : The History of a Religious Community
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movement in the United States in the 19th century were drawn from the
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began to stir the conscience of
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Friends were some of the first to value women as spiritual ministers.
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A female Quaker preaches at a meeting in London in the 18th century.
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1064:, Vol. 14, #1. Summer, 1972, p. 14, accessed 26 September 2023
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is an act, usage, or course of conduct by a member of the
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960:. American Friends were prominent participants in the
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929:Friends also eventually became leaders in the
682:, as well as other classifications of people.
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666:to their beliefs in their everyday life. A
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824:was as vocal and literate as her husband,
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1405:Friends Committee on National Legislation
816:Quakers hold a strong sense of spiritual
780:Learn how and when to remove this message
373:Friends Committee on National Legislation
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
1420:Friends World Committee for Consultation
1400:Evangelical Friends Church International
980:, in York, England, an asylum set up by
972:Quakers were among the first to pioneer
909:In addition, many of the leaders in the
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388:Friends World Committee for Consultation
368:Evangelical Friends Church International
40:This article includes a list of general
1528:Businesses, organizations and charities
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1627:
685:
1095:
974:humane treatment for the mentally ill
1058:"The Quaker Testimony of Simplicity"
968:Humane treatment of the mentally ill
718:adding citations to reliable sources
689:
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1655:Christianity and capital punishment
1430:Quaker Council for European Affairs
393:Quaker Council for European Affairs
24:
1375:American Friends Service Committee
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343:American Friends Service Committee
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1390:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
358:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
1450:World Gathering of Young Friends
830:the Fall from the Garden of Eden
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413:World Gathering of Young Friends
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1435:Quaker Peace and Social Witness
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705:needs additional citations for
658:describes the way that Friends
398:Quaker Peace and Social Witness
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1035:Quaker views of homosexuality
1002:humane treatment of prisoners
988:Humane treatment of prisoners
508:Richmond Declaration of Faith
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652:Religious Society of Friends
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327:Meetings and other groups
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1007:In the 1960s, a Friend,
526:Businesses and charities
119:, founder of the Quakers
1445:Szechwan Yearly Meeting
1334:John Greenleaf Whittier
1074:Collins, Peter (2010).
729:"Testimony of equality"
610:Christianity portal
408:Szechwan Yearly Meeting
305:John Greenleaf Whittier
61:more precise citations.
1645:Christianity and women
1415:Friends United Meeting
1385:Britain Yearly Meeting
842:
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383:Friends United Meeting
353:Britain Yearly Meeting
145:Hannah Jenkins Barnard
1380:A Quaker Action Group
1013:Amnesty International
1000:, campaigned for the
931:anti-slavery movement
882:Quaker views of women
876:Equality of the sexes
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813:, and for prisoners.
809:for individuals with
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676:equality of the sexes
648:testimony of equality
546:First Day of the Week
348:A Quaker Action Group
18:Testimony of Equality
1395:Conservative Friends
1324:Mary Coffin Starbuck
992:In the 19th Century
962:Underground Railroad
958:abolition of slavery
714:improve this article
363:Conservative Friends
1650:Quaker abolitionism
1614:ASFC Nobel nominees
1476:Integrity ("Truth")
1159:Kenneth E. Boulding
686:General explanation
670:is therefore not a
441:Integrity ("Truth")
155:Kenneth E. Boulding
128:Notable individuals
1553:Book of Discipline
1549:Faith and Practice
1264:Zephaniah Kingsley
1219:Joseph John Gurney
1082:Edwin Mellen Press
998:Joseph John Gurney
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502:Book of Discipline
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996:and her brother,
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270:Parker Palmer
268:
266:
265:Richard Nixon
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258:
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255:Lucretia Mott
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241:
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236:
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231:
230:Henry Hodgkin
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210:Elizabeth Fry
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200:Margaret Fell
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67:December 2022
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
1574:Inward light
1552:
1548:
1470:
1349:John Woolman
1304:William Penn
1284:James Nayler
1269:Benjamin Lay
1234:Edward Hicks
1199:Joshua Evans
1169:John Cadbury
1076:
1069:
1061:
1049:
1006:
991:
982:William Tuke
971:
947:
939:Benjamin Lay
935:John Woolman
928:
908:
904:
885:
870:
865:
861:
860:rather than
857:
843:
835:
815:
799:
776:
767:
757:
750:
743:
736:
724:
712:Please help
707:verification
704:
671:
667:
664:bear witness
663:
659:
655:
647:
645:
536:Inward light
501:
497:
491:Other themes
435:
315:John Woolman
285:William Penn
260:James Nayler
250:Benjamin Lay
220:Edward Hicks
170:Carla Denyer
165:John Cadbury
73:
64:
45:
1459:Testimonies
1339:John Wilbur
1254:Rufus Jones
1239:Elias Hicks
1179:Anne Conway
1174:Levi Coffin
1131:Individuals
978:The Retreat
943:slave trade
896:Mary Fisher
425:Testimonies
310:John Wilbur
240:Rufus Jones
225:Elias Hicks
180:Anne Conway
175:Levi Coffin
59:introducing
1629:Categories
1481:Simplicity
1314:Betsy Ross
1299:Alice Paul
1229:Carl Heath
1209:George Fox
1194:Judi Dench
1189:James Dean
1041:References
1009:Eric Baker
900:Ann Austin
880:See also:
858:John Smith
846:hat honour
826:George Fox
740:newspapers
446:Simplicity
275:Alice Paul
205:George Fox
190:Judi Dench
185:James Dean
117:George Fox
42:references
1490:By region
803:ministers
668:testimony
656:testimony
551:New Birth
458:By region
103:Quakerism
1599:Tapestry
1471:Equality
1019:See also
956:for the
866:Sir John
862:Mr Smith
576:Tapestry
436:Equality
94:a series
92:Part of
1604:Wedding
1594:Schools
1559:History
1533:Science
1123:Quakers
1030:Quakers
976:, with
754:scholar
660:testify
581:Wedding
571:Science
566:Schools
531:History
55:improve
1512:Africa
1507:Europe
1358:Groups
854:titles
850:styles
756:
749:
742:
735:
727:
672:belief
479:Africa
474:Europe
44:, but
1609:Women
1589:Query
1538:Clerk
1521:Other
1466:Peace
761:JSTOR
747:books
680:races
591:Women
561:Query
516:Clerk
431:Peace
945:.
917:and
898:and
852:and
733:news
678:and
1551:or
1060:in
864:or
716:by
662:or
500:or
1631::
1080:.
1056:,
921:.
902:.
646:A
96:on
1115:e
1108:t
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635:e
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