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by producing teliospores; this occurs on cedar trees. A primary aecial stage is spent parasitizing a separate host plant which is a precursor in the life cycle of heteroecious fungi. Teliospores are released from the telia in the spring. The
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Schumann, G.L. et al. 2010. Essential Plant
Pathology. American Phytopathological Society. Second Edition. St. Paul. pp. 43–44
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The life cycle of rust fungi can have up to five different spore stages and can get quite complex. These stages are:
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There are a number of plants that can be infected by the telial stage. Therefore, the telial stage is considered a
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Volk, T.J. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for May 1999. University of
Wisconsin La Crosse.
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can spread many kilometers through the air, however most are spread near the host plant.
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to those plants. A few specific plant pathogenic species are listed here with their
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Brand, A.W. et al. 2004. The Other Half: The telial stage of the rust fungus
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or known commonly as black stem rust. It infects many different cereal crops.
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Structure produced by rust fungi as part of the reproductive cycle
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which are released by wind or water to infect the alternate
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provides an overwintering strategy in the life cycle of a
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50:Micrograph of two teliospores from telia of
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264:Gymnosporangium confusum.
140:. It infects pear trees.
172:Gymnosporangium sabinae
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310:-related article is a
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