285:
Virus and COVID-19 has quickly accelerated both its necessity and popularity. With societal changes occurring all across the globe, it became apparent that the medical field needed to devise a new way of delivering care in order to promote social distancing, quarantining when required, and the preservation of limited hospital resources. State-wide lockdowns were implemented to decrease the spread of the novel Corona Virus and
Telehealth was and continues to be a way to make healthcare more accessible to people all around the country, especially in rural regions of America. Telehealth makes it possible for high-risk patients to remain safely in their homes while still receiving routine care from their providers. It allows Corona Virus positive providers with mild symptoms to be able to continue to see patients from home while they convalesce. The benefits of Telehealth during a pandemic appear to outweigh the risks: it will decrease overhead costs, is convenient, promotes infection control, connects medical personal from different regions, and allows for rapid triage. Risk factors include increasing health care disparity due to lack of internet or devices, technical difficulties, and a lack of hands on care. However, research indicates that telehealth will continue to play a vital role in diagnosis and treatment until proper effective treatment and/or a vaccine is available to the public. Hospital systems must access their readiness for telehealth and implement it in a timely fashion.
224:
process as well. Clinicians may utilize guidelines, in paper or electronic format, to determine how urgent the symptoms are. Telephone triage requires clinicians to evaluate symptoms and provide health advice which guides patients to the appropriate level of care, (emergent, urgent, or nonurgent) according to their condition and symptoms. Telephone triage staff also provides advice for selfâcare at home for nonurgent patients. It may involve educating and advising clients, and making safe, effective, and appropriate dispositionsâall by telephone. Telephone triage takes place in settings as diverse as emergency rooms, ambulance services, large call centers, physician offices, clinics, student health centers and hospices.
233:
high patient volumes, resulting in many patients leaving without being seen. The telephone triage staff has access to the electronic health records generated by a health system encounters. The ability to access patientsâ health records helps the triage staff evaluate the patient more efficient due to the provided information such as allergies and comorbidities. Having access to patientsâ health records provides demographic information which allows the triage staff to send emergency services to the patient if necessary. Telephone triage service can help to decrease lower-acuity patient visits to an emergency department by properly evaluating patients symptoms and guiding them to the appropriate level of care.
318:
security measures and assess how their patient privacy and protection policies protect their patients. Most telehealth nurses work for a hospital or organization that provides them with a laptop and a very high level of security and encryption so that hackers and outside sources may not intercept patients' sensitive and personal information. Telehealth nursing aims to improve access to care, but practitioners and patients alike have concerns about security breaches, according to a report published by the
National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) stating that security is critical for long-term telemedicine success.
289:
exposure of staff to ill individuals and reducing overcrowding the healthcare facilities. Thus, telehealth has significantly grown during the pandemic as it increases social distancing by reducing the need for patient travel and going to crowded places. Another benefit of telehealth is it reduces the amount of PPE that is needed for healthcare professionals that are already in limited supply. Ultimately, telehealth has many benefits beyond the pandemic, such as increasing the number of people who seek preventative care since they can do so from home.
255:
known as 13HEALTH. The first telenursing triage was conducted in
Western Australia in 1999, where Triage nurses would estimate patient complexity and refer them to Fremantle Hospital. Due to the remoteness of the Australian landscape it is vital that residents living in rural areas have access to clinical support and care. Telenursing allows nurses to overcome the barriers of distance and gives them the opportunity assist those who are unable to access health care clinics or services due to either the late hour or the distance.
272:
health care resources. Much of the time, this use involves live interfacing between patient and care giver, whether in video conference or over text thread. In addition, use of asynchronous telepsychiatry, in which a detailed interview with the patient is video taped and reviewed by a provider afterwards, has also proven an effective use of telepsychiatry. Telepsychiatry improves integrated and patient-centered care, allowing for the incorporation of mental health resources into the overall treatment of the patient.
71:, a branch of health informatics, has been defined by Judith Rae Graves and Sheila Corcoran as "a combination of computer science, information science, and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information, and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care". Telenursing is a potential application of nursing informatics and as such, nursing informatics has served as a critical background concept its development.
85:
22:
2122:
2519:
2531:
2146:
2134:
2507:
284:
On March 27, 2020, legislation was passed in the United States to assist in the growth of
Telehealth capabilities across the country. The CDC recommends that telehealth be used whenever possible to stop the spread of Corona Virus. Although Telehealth is not a new concept, the appearance of the Corona
271:
among people with mental health disorders. It is especially useful in many environments with limited access to care, including rural areas, emergency rooms, natural disasters and crisis zones, and warfronts. This technology delivers mental health care in areas that would otherwise not have any mental
275:
In addition to direct patient care, telenursing and telepsychiatry, the use of technology in mental health has made a significant impact on crisis intervention and suicide prevention. Organizations such as Crisis Text Line have incorporated text chatting into crisis therapy, and have opened up a new
232:
Telephone triage services are beneficial in decreasing the amount of nonemergent patient visits to emergency departments. Emergency departments typically experience high patient volumes, many of which are nonemergent. Emergency department waiting areas may become overcrowded with patients due to the
288:
Since the rise of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States, telemedicine has risen exponentially, with estimates that telemedicine market size will be around $ 175 billion up from $ 45 billion in 2019. Reasons for the increase in telemedicine are numerous, however, reasons include reducing the
254:
In
Australia, telephone triages are conducted in all states of Australia, the largest services are federal and state government funded, known as Nurse-On-Call in Victoria, Healthdirect in all other states and territories except Queensland where the state government supports its own separate service
321:
Currently, the Health
Insurance Portability and Accounting Act (HIPAA) outlines rule sand regulations on how healthcare providers store and share patients' personal data. HIPAA requires that patients identifiable information be encrypted so that only the healthcare professionals involved in their
55:
and chronically ill population, and the increase in coverage of health care to distant, rural, small or sparsely populated regions. Among its many benefits, telenursing may help solve increasing shortages of nurses; to reduce distances and save travel time, and to keep patients out of hospital. A
223:
Telephone triage refers to symptom or clinically based calls. Clinicians perform symptom assessment by asking detailed questions about the patient's illness or injury. The clinician's task is to estimate and/or rule out urgent symptoms. They may use pattern recognition and other problem-solving
301:
and regulatory issues, as it happens with telehealth as a whole. In many countries, interstate and intercountry practice of telenursing is forbidden (the attending nurse must have a license both in their state/country of residence and in the state/country where the patient receiving telecare is
317:
Telenursing professionals use an electronic medical record (EMR) when storing and charting patient data. Digital clinical data transmission increases the risk that outside sources may intercept and exploit sensitive patient information. As a result, telehealth nurses should audit their current
799:
Schlief, Merle; Saunders, Katherine R K; Appleton, Rebecca; Barnett, Phoebe; Vera San Juan, Norha; Foye, Una; Olive, Rachel Rowan; Machin, Karen; Shah, Prisha; Chipp, Beverley; Lyons, Natasha; Tamworth, Camilla; Persaud, Karen; Badhan, Monika; Black, Carrie-Ann (29 September 2022).
241:
An international telenursing survey was completed in 2005, reporting that the 719 responding full-time and part-time registered nurses and advanced practice nurses worked as a telenurse in 36 countries around the world. 68% were reported to be working in the
276:
line of resources available to people in mental health crises. This is especially significant for adolescent mental health, as many teens are more likely to utilize text message for therapy than in-person or over the phone.
1312:
Hilty, Donald M.; Sunderji, Nadiya; Suo, Shannon; Chan, Steven; McCarron, Robert M. (2018). "Telepsychiatry and other technologies for integrated care: Evidence base, best practice models and competencies".
314:, etc. are also still largely unsolved and difficult to address. Ethical issues include maintaining autonomy, maintaining a patient's integrity as well as preventing harm to a patient.
187:
individuals. In normal home health care, one nurse is able to visit up to 5-7 patients per day. Using telenursing, one nurse can âvisitâ 12-16 patients in the same amount of time.
1207:
1823:
2056:
2011:
246:, compared to only 0.6% in Finland. Some of these 36 countries include Australia, Canada, Norway, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Iran, Sweden, and the Netherlands.
2258:
599:
2418:
1275:
Dart, Evan H.; Whipple, Heather M.; Pasqua, Jamie L.; Furlow, Christopher M. (2016). "Legal, Regulatory, and
Ethical Issues in Telehealth Technology".
1245:
464:
Jåcome, Marta; Rego, Nazaré; Veiga, Paula (2019). "Potential of a nurse telephone triage line to direct elderly to appropriate health care settings".
48:, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring. The field, however, is still being developed as the information on telenursing isn't comprehensive enough.
744:
Snoswell, Centaine L; Chelberg, Georgina; De Guzman, Keshia R; Haydon, Helen H; Thomas, Emma E; Caffery, Liam J; Smith, Anthony C (29 June 2021).
2316:
95:
2184:
51:
Telenursing is growing in many countries because of the preoccupation in driving down the costs of health care, an increase in the number of
322:
care can access it. However, HIPAA only applies to certain "entities" that included healthcare providers and insurers but not the patients.
1614:
147:. For example, patients who are immobilized, or live in remote or difficult to reach places, citizens who have chronic ailments, such as
1129:
2096:
687:
Bashshur, Rashid L.; Howell, Joel D.; Krupinski, Elizabeth A.; Harms, Kathryn M.; Bashshur, Noura; Doarn, Charles R. (1 May 2016).
379:
2106:
40:
services whenever physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of
1701:
1686:
1918:
1878:
148:
25:
New telecommunication equipment for nurses and doctors at Health
Sciences North/Horizon Santé-Nord (HSN) in Ontario, Canada.
1974:
1604:
1594:
972:
2469:
208:
347:
2336:
2072:
215:, information and counseling as a means of regulating patient access and flow and decrease the use of emergency rooms.
179:. Other applications of home care are the care of patients in immediate post-surgical situations, the care of wounds,
2177:
1706:
1476:
1292:
448:
125:
555:
Grady, Janet L.; Schlachta-Fairchild, Loretta (2007). "Report of the 2004-2005 International
Telenursing Survey".
2344:
2286:
1984:
1651:
918:"Telepsychiatry and other technologies for integrated care: evidence base, best practice models and competencies"
520:
Howell, Tim (2016). "ED Utilization by
Uninsured and Medicaid Patients after Availability of Telephone Triage".
1656:
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Hilty, Donald M.; Sunderji, Nadiya; Suo, Shannon; Chan, Steven; McCarron, Robert M. (2 November 2018).
2393:
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1558:
917:
200:
2535:
2349:
2253:
2137:
2002:
1979:
1813:
1518:
1180:
973:"Reaching Young People Through Texting-Based Crisis Counseling: Process, Benefits, and Challenges"
746:"The clinical effectiveness of telehealth: A systematic review of meta-analyses from 2010 to 2019"
2212:
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1763:
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303:
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802:"Synthesis of the Evidence on What Works for Whom in Telemental Health: Rapid Realist Review"
745:
2479:
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2007:
1883:
1738:
44:, and has many points of contacts with other medical and non-medical applications, such as
8:
2062:
1858:
1843:
1838:
1788:
600:"Universal telenursing triage in Australia and New Zealand: A new primary health service"
68:
1277:
Computer-Assisted and Web-Based Innovations in Psychology, Special Education, and Health
376:
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1936:
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1079:
Wijesooriya, N. Romesh; Mishra, Vimal; Brand, Paul L.P.; Rubin, Bruce K. (2020).
649:
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326:
2443:
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1951:
1893:
1828:
1768:
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264:
2162:
1025:"Telehealth Availability in US Hospitals in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic"
761:
533:
2545:
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2433:
2408:
2281:
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1568:
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860:
827:
769:
712:
657:
417:
355:
267:(also known as telemental health) can be effective in improving symptoms and
243:
156:
45:
1442:
2438:
2370:
1404:
1334:
1223:
1114:
1058:
949:
894:
845:
777:
730:
665:
618:
576:
541:
495:
171:), may stay at home and be "visited" and assisted regularly by a nurse via
41:
704:
425:
2243:
689:"The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care"
311:
196:
21:
1436:
396:
Graves, J. R.; Corcoran, S. (1989). "The study of nursing informatics".
306:
helps resolve some of these jurisdiction issues. Legal issues such as
227:
2296:
2193:
477:
184:
176:
1040:
486:
2291:
144:
1208:"Legal Considerations for Nurses Practicing in a Telehealth Setting"
634:"A Systematic Review of the Use of Telepsychiatry in Acute Settings"
1368:
1351:
989:
152:
2518:
859:
OâKeefe, Molly; White, Kelsey; Jennings, JâAime C (29 July 2019).
818:
325:
In addition, there are many considerations related to the patient
263:
Telenursing has also been utilized in mental health applications.
159:, or debilitating diseases, such as neural degenerative diseases (
2378:
2311:
1485:
37:
386:, eHealth Insider website, 15 June 2005, retrieved 4 April 2009;
2354:
1808:
1352:"Reaching Young People Through Texting-Based Crisis Counseling"
743:
298:
212:
180:
1081:"COVID-19 and telehealth, education, and research adaptations"
798:
1969:
1449:
International Society for Telemedicine & eHealth (ISfTeH)
52:
686:
1377:
o'Keefe, Molly; White, Kelsey; Jennings, J'Aime C. (2019).
1078:
1454:
1376:
632:
Salmoiraghi, Alberto; Hussain, Shahid (September 2015).
554:
377:
Nurses Happier Using Telecare, Says International Survey
143:
One of the most distinctive telenursing applications is
1274:
348:"Telehealth, Telenursing, and Advanced Practice Nurses"
292:
1448:
1130:"How coronavirus accelerated the rise of telemedicine"
63:
2495:
1418:
Textbook in Health Informatics: A Nursing Perspective
228:
Telephone Triage Reducing Emergency Department Visits
1311:
915:
858:
195:
A common application of telenursing is also used by
2259:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
236:
1424:International Standards for Telenursing Programmes
1420:. Edited by J. Mantas, A. Hasman, 2002. IOS Press.
1379:"Asynchronous telepsychiatry: A systematic review"
861:"Asynchronous telepsychiatry: A systematic review"
631:
598:Karabatsos, Georgia; Wilson, Andrew (June 2008).
2543:
597:
2192:
463:
2317:Participative decision-making in organizations
1022:
395:
2178:
1470:
515:
513:
439:Kumar, Sajeesh; Snooks, Helen (9 July 2011).
92:The examples and perspective in this section
1412:Telenursing: Nursing Practice in Cyberspace
1243:
1206:Hutcherson, Carolyn M (30 September 2001).
1023:Puro, Neeraj A.; Feyereisen, Scott (2020).
438:
2185:
2171:
1477:
1463:
1205:
1160:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
510:
110:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1394:
1367:
1181:"Telehealth's Role in Reducing PPE Usage"
1104:
1048:
988:
876:
835:
817:
720:
485:
443:. Springer Science & Business Media.
398:Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
1426:, International Council of Nurses, 2001.
20:
1349:
970:
806:Interactive Journal of Medical Research
345:
279:
2544:
1687:Nursing credentials and certifications
519:
60:has been registered among telenurses.
2166:
1458:
1156:"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
1127:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1018:
1016:
149:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2133:
1975:Nursing Interventions Classification
1383:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
865:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
750:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
346:Edmunds, Marilyn W. (5 April 2010).
293:Legal, ethical and regulatory issues
78:
2145:
1212:Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
1153:
297:Telenursing is fraught with legal,
218:
64:Telenursing and nursing informatics
13:
2337:Health information on the Internet
1445:. International Council of Nurses.
1315:International Review of Psychiatry
1285:10.1016/B978-0-12-802075-3.00013-9
1065:
1013:
922:International Review of Psychiatry
792:
569:10.1097/01.ncn.0000289163.16122.c2
410:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1989.tb00148.x
190:
14:
2573:
1430:
329:and the safety of clinical data.
2529:
2517:
2505:
2144:
2132:
2121:
2120:
971:Nesmith, Ande (2 January 2019).
258:
237:Countries using telephone triage
83:
2470:Open-source healthcare software
2345:Health information on Knowledge
1985:Nursing Outcomes Classification
1980:Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
1652:Associate of Science in Nursing
1439:. American Nursing Association.
1305:
1268:
1246:"Ethical Issues In Telenursing"
1237:
1199:
1173:
1147:
1121:
964:
909:
852:
737:
680:
638:Journal of Psychiatric Practice
557:Computers, Informatics, Nursing
249:
74:
1657:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
1437:Telehealth: Issues for Nursing
1128:Zhang, Natalie (18 May 2020).
1085:Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
625:
591:
548:
457:
432:
389:
370:
339:
1:
1879:Psychiatric and mental health
1327:10.1080/09540261.2019.1571483
934:10.1080/09540261.2019.1571483
466:Journal of Nursing Management
332:
16:Nursing care through telecoms
1672:Master of Science in Nursing
1414:. By Charles C Sharpe, 2000.
650:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000103
522:Journal of Emergency Nursing
138:
7:
2287:Doctorâpatient relationship
2194:Telemedicine and telehealth
1484:
1451:â Telenursing Working Group
1029:The Journal of Rural Health
607:Australian Family Physician
106:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2578:
2322:Patient Activation Measure
1667:Doctor of Nursing Practice
1097:10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.009
201:managed care organizations
2462:
2394:Remote patient monitoring
2368:
2335:
2272:
2229:
2200:
2116:
1993:
1960:
1927:
1824:Women's Health Care Nurse
1715:
1631:
1582:
1559:Clinical nurse specialist
1551:
1542:
1501:
1492:
1244:Hoglund, A; Holstrom, I.
762:10.1177/1357633X211022907
693:Telemedicine and e-Health
534:10.1016/j.jen.2015.08.015
2350:Online patient education
2254:Electronic health record
2003:International Nurses Day
1519:Licensed practical nurse
1396:10.1177/1357633X19867189
1154:CDC (11 February 2020).
878:10.1177/1357633X19867189
1682:Nurse Licensure Compact
1356:Advances in Social Work
977:Advances in Social Work
304:Nurse Licensure Compact
203:, which are staffed by
2475:Patient opinion leader
2327:Shared decision-making
2264:Personal health record
1443:Telenursing Fact Sheet
1350:Nesmith, Ande (2019).
1250:International Hospital
34:information technology
26:
2307:Knowledge translation
2274:Patient participation
1914:Travel health nursing
1514:Clinical nurse leader
705:10.1089/tmj.2016.0045
32:refers to the use of
24:
2480:Research participant
1739:Correctional nursing
1279:. pp. 339â363.
382:18 June 2006 at the
280:Coronavirus pandemic
104:improve this section
94:may not represent a
36:in the provision of
2557:Nursing informatics
2201:Background concepts
2073:Republic of Ireland
1849:Occupational health
1839:Nursing informatics
1615:Psych/mental health
211:or perform patient
165:Alzheimer's disease
161:Parkinson's disease
69:Nursing informatics
2454:Telerehabilitation
2208:Health informatics
1937:Nursing assessment
1799:Legal consultation
1662:Diploma in Nursing
1647:Nightingale Pledge
1574:Nurse practitioner
478:10.1111/jonm.12809
358:on 8 December 2010
56:greater degree of
27:
2552:Community nursing
2536:Telecommunication
2493:
2492:
2429:Teleophthalmology
2419:Telemental health
2404:Tele-epidemiology
2249:De-identification
2221:Telecommunication
2160:
2159:
1947:Nursing care plan
1942:Nursing diagnosis
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1595:Adult-gerontology
1583:NPs by population
1564:Nurse anesthetist
1544:Advanced practice
1041:10.1111/jrh.12482
205:registered nurses
173:videoconferencing
136:
135:
128:
2569:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2302:Health education
2187:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2148:
2147:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2123:
1814:Medical-surgical
1717:Specialties and
1677:Board of nursing
1549:
1548:
1524:Registered nurse
1499:
1498:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1408:
1398:
1373:
1371:
1362:(4): 1147â1164.
1346:
1299:
1298:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1252:. Archived from
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1076:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1020:
1011:
1010:
992:
983:(4): 1147â1164.
968:
962:
961:
913:
907:
906:
880:
856:
850:
849:
839:
821:
796:
790:
789:
741:
735:
734:
724:
684:
678:
677:
629:
623:
622:
604:
595:
589:
588:
552:
546:
545:
517:
508:
507:
489:
472:(6): 1275â1284.
461:
455:
454:
436:
430:
429:
393:
387:
374:
368:
367:
365:
363:
354:. Archived from
343:
219:Telephone triage
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
87:
86:
79:
58:job satisfaction
2577:
2576:
2572:
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1859:Orthopedics
1789:Home health
1502:Generalists
441:Telenursing
312:malpractice
207:who act as
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2546:Categories
2524:Technology
2297:Health 2.0
1995:By country
1864:Pediatrics
1844:Obstetrics
1804:Management
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1779:Geriatrics
1600:Pediatrics
1493:Levels of
487:1822/75662
333:References
177:videophone
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2008:Australia
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1719:areas of
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2107:history
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299:ethical
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