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the Rātana church was becoming a major and threatening political force. Ngata gave Te Puea government loans and another 300-acre block to grow food to support the Kīngitanga. This farm needed a developer and an experienced Pākehā farmer paid for by the government was appointed supervisor. Ngata fired him and replaced him with Te Puea. She was given a car so she could move around the three farms. Her husband was given another farm at
Tikitere in Rotorua. However concerns were raised in Parliament about how Ngata was operating and misusing government funds in 1934. This led to an investigation held by a Royal Commission that found there had been a host of irregularities involving the expenditure of £500,000. Labour MP
195:
Cameron crossed into rebel held territory in 1863) she hoped to remind the Pākehā of the war and the confiscations. TPM, as it was known, travelled around New
Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Hawaiian hula dances, with steel guitars, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles. In a three-month tour the group saved 900 pounds which was used to build a new kitchen dining room. Te Puea restarted the Kīngitanga taxation scheme whereby all Kīngitanga supporters were required to pay levies to support Kīngatanga programmes. This was commonly called the whitebait levy. At other times Te Puea levied every supporter for an additional donation of 2s 6d. Te Puea was known to keep meticulous records of these finances.
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negotiation she accepted, on behalf of Tainui, a settlement offered by the Prime
Minister of an initial grant of 10,000 pounds and 5,000 pounds (later $ 15,000) a year spread over 40 years. No provision was made for inflation which at that time was very low. By the time the deal was presented to the tribe the next day the money had been increased again to 6,000 pounds for 50 years and thereafter 5,000 pounds in perpetuity. She recognised this as an acceptable offer. However the payment acknowledged that a grievous wrong had been done to her people. Te Puea also built Tūrangawaewae marae and has a statue of her in front of the house called Mahinārangi.
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119:. Te Puea later fell out with Pōmare because he supported Māori soldiers fighting for New Zealand overseas. Te Puea worked against this behind Pōmare's back. He became aware of her attitude and in the winter of 1918 attended an anti-conscription hui called by Te Puea where he was roundly abused by all the elders of the Kīngitanga. Te Puea's support base was mainly with the lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up-river iwi such as Maniapoto.
236:. Initially she was confused and reluctant to accept the award because of her dealings with the government. The CBE was awarded for her self-sacrificing devotion and stupendous personal efforts and extraordinary capacity for leadership and organisation, with a talent for diplomacy in her dealings with other tribes and leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands into productive excellent farms. A year later another carved meeting house was opened by the
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Wales the
Kingites' desire to host the prince was snubbed in favour of an Arawa visit which was open to all Māori to attend. Arawa had been selected as they had the experience and facilities to host a large Māori occasion. They were an iwi that had remained loyal to the government, taking an active part against the Kingites in the land wars and playing a full role in WW1.
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Ngāti Porou enjoyed as well as their acceptance of
European lifestyle. The East coast tour was a great success and raised more money for Tūrangawaewae buildings. Following this she was invited to Wellington to take part in a wide range of official and social arrangements. Te Puea used the contacts she had made, especially with Māori MP and minister
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in his life. It was through her friendship with
Ramsden that articles about her and her work began to appear in the national newspapers. In these she was usually identified as Princess Te Puea, a title that she herself deplored, saying that the role of princess does not exist in Māoritanga. Pōmare pointed out that neither does King.
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who publicised her tours and the development of the Kīngitanga base at Tūrangawaewae. Coates was keen to lift
Waikato Māori out of their sullen depression by addressing land grievances. Coates had been shocked at the conditions in which Waikato Māori lived-calling them the poorest people he had seen
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Because of
Waikato's anti-government stance on conscription during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a popular figure with government or local Pākehā after WW1. After WW1, farmers were reluctant to offer Kingites work and during the Royal visit of the Prince of
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in 1863, and by people who had lived through the bitter years that followed. She had little reason to love or trust Pākehā. However, as time went by she came to see the need for reconciliation. In 1946 Te Puea approached the government to say the tribe would be willing to accept money to compensate
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also gave her a 200-acre farm, built her a house and made a gift of £1,000 for farm development; and also subsidised a Māori workers' hostel in Tuakau. Coates said this was given in recognition of her work for
Waikato orphans and the poor but also to consolidate her political support at a time when
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In the last few years of her life, Te Puea fell out with many of the Māori and Pākehā friends who had worked with her for most of her adult life. She became increasingly demanding and unreasonable when she did not get her way. Te Puea died at her home after a long illness. During her lifetime, she
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During her tour of the East Coast in the late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae where, to her surprise, she was accepted, despite her links to the King movement which Ngāti Porou had always despised for its isolation and backwardness. For her part Te Puea was surprised at the affluence that
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it was agreed that King would write her biography. He was given restricted access to many of Te Puea's papers by Alex McKay, formerly Te Puea's secretary. McKay said he could not have all the papers as there was too much private and family information that should remain confidential. Many of Te
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and worked out what would be accepted by the tribe. A deal had already been settled with
Taranaki tribes and Waikato were keen to do better. The final deal gave Waikato nearly twice the income of Taranaki. The deal was accepted by Roore Edwards at the urging of Te Puea. After nearly 20 years of
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Te Puea's main drive was to establish Tūrangawaewae as a base for the Kīngitanga but she was always short of funds. In 1922 she decided to raise money for her ambitious building programme by starting a Māori concert party called Te Pou o Mangawhiri . Choosing this name (the place where General
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As the eventual successor to her grandfather, she was educated in the traditional Māori ways. At age 12 she began attending Mercer Primary School and then went on to attend Mangere Bridge School and Melmerly College in Parnell. She was fluent in speaking and writing
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and learnt te reo Māori, became interested in writing about Te Puea. He discovered there was very little written about her and wanted to write about her while the people who knew her at first hand, were still alive. King tried to persuade the Māori author
268:, the document that founded modern New Zealand. Initially Te Puea was in favour, but then withdrew her support when the government refused her request that the Māori king be given the same tax status as the governor-general. At the time she said:
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In 1940 she bought a farm near Ngāruawāhia and began developing it provide an economic base for the Tūrangawaewae community. It was there that she began teaching the beliefs that would sustain the King Movement: work, faith (specifically the
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Puea's elderly friends gave valuable time to King. Within a few years nearly all were dead. After the book was published some non-Waikato/Tainui Māori criticised them for allowing a Pākehā to write about a highly tapu person.
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to further her development of the Kīngitanga base. She was able to acquire from the government a block of land near the meeting house for growing vegetables, increased pensions and a local post box. The Prime Minister
359:, to write the biography but he refused, saying he knew too much about her. Jones said it would be difficult to write about Te Puea without damaging her reputation (mana). After discussions with the tribe and Dame
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for the loss of lands after the defeat of the Kīngitanga in 1863. A large meeting was held at Tūrangawaewae in which a wide range of opinions were aired. Then the leadership met privately with Prime Minister
95:
In her twenties, Te Puea settled at Mangatāwhiri and began dairy farming. She began collecting and recording waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies) and kōrero tawhito (history) from her extended family.
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epidemic. The main problem was that many of them believed that disease was a punishment from displeased spirits, and refused to go to Pākehā hospitals. In response, Te Puea set up a small settlement of
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When her mother died in 1898, Te Puea returned home reluctantly at the age of 15, supposedly to take her mother's place. However, being young and believing also that she was dying of
158:. It was through Tūrangawaewae that Te Puea began to extend her influence beyond the Waikato Region. The construction of its carved meeting house was strongly supported by Sir
327:
to Ngāti Mahuta individuals, including Te Puea's mother, Tiahuia, in 1890. Before her death, Te Puea expressed a wish for a marae to be built at the site, and in 1965 the
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said that the commission revealed one of the worst specimens of abuse of political power, maladministration and misappropriation of public funds. Ngata resigned.
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huts devoted to nursing people back to health. This was successful as not one person died and the isolation of the village largely prevented spread of disease.
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had raised the profile of the King Movement, especially outside of Waikato, and had helped raise the standard of living of Waikato to that of other Māori.
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faith, which became strongly established in the Waikato region), and pan-Māori unity through the King Movement. Te Puea always stressed the importance of
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This is an occasion for rejoicing on the part of the Pākehā and those tribes which have not suffered any injustice during the past hundred years.
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and she could speak English but her written English was very poor. She married Rāwiri Tūmōkai Kātipa in 1922. She was unable to have children.
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and worked to make it part of the central focus of the Māori people. She also began farming at Mangatāwhiri. Te Puea was firmly opposed to
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This phase passed and in 1911 she returned to her people and resumed her hereditary role. Her first task, the one that re-established her
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among her people, was to successfully campaign on behalf of Māui Pōmare in his election bid to become the Kingite Member of
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when it was introduced in 1917 and provided a refuge at her farm for those who refused to be conscripted into the
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In December 1947, Te Puea became a member of a trust that administered a Māori land reserve in
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The Government planned nationwide celebrations for the centenary in 1940 of the signing of the
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an English surveyor. Tiahuia was daughter, by his principal wife, of the second Māori King,
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in the Waikato, daughter of Te Tahuna Hērangi and Tiahuia. Te Tahuna Hērangi was the son of
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was opened, named after her to acknowledge her contributions to the people of Aotearoa.
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Lee-Morgan, Jenny; Hoskins, Rau; Te Nana, Rihi; Rua, Mohi; Knox, Wayne (30 June 2019).
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A Report of the Manaaki Tāngata Programme at Te Puea Memorial Marae (Second Edition)
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817:(Report). Te Puea Memorial Marae, Ngā Wai a Te Tūī Māori and Indigenous Research.
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who was raised in a rural community where many Māori lived, and with journalist
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Hoete, Blaine; Kaiawe, Tina (2015). "History of Te Puea Memorial Marae".
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436:. Wellington, New Zealand: Bridget Williams Books. pp. 664–669.
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Te Puea was raised by people who had fought to resist the government
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New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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854:(2nd ed.). Te Puea Memorial Marae. pp. 14–18.
311:. The land had been settled in the 19th century by her
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Tour of the East Coast and controversy over gifted farm
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She was soon acknowledged as one of the leaders of the
48:(9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952), known by the name
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region. Her mother, Tiahuia, was the elder sister of
767:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 250–251.
636:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 120–121.
571:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 139–141.
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In 1998, Te Puea was posthumously inducted into the
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During 1913 and 1914 the Māori community suffered a
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Waikato woman of mana, Kingitanga leader (1883–1952)
261:(the tribe over the sub-tribe or family grouping).
920:. M. King. Penguin, 2004. Ch 6. The Te Puea Trail.
790:"Te Kirihaehae Te Puea Herangi (Princess Te Puea)"
411:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 40–47.
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