Tayy - Knowledge

667:. The Tayy are mentioned in the late 5th century as having raided numerous villages in the plains and mountains of the Syrian Desert, including parts of Byzantine territory. This prompted the Byzantine army to mobilize its Arab clients at the desert frontiers with Sassanid-held Mesopotamia to confront the Tayy. The Byzantines demanded restitution from the Tayy, but the Sassanid general Qardag Nakoragan instead opened negotiations that called for the Byzantines' Arab clients to restore livestock and captives taken from Sassanid territory in previous years in return for compensation from the Tayy. The negotiations succeeded, and moreover, the Sassanids and Byzantines delineated their borders to prevent future raiding between their respective Arab clients. However, to the embarrassment of the Sassanids and the outrage of the Byzantines, four hundred Tayyid tribesmen raided several minor villages in Byzantine territory while representatives of the two sides were meeting in 890:), while their other members also defected but remained in Jabal Tayy. Adi persuaded the latter to return to Islam, which they agreed to. However, they refused to abandon their tribesmen in Buzakha, fearing Tulayha would hold them hostage if he discovered they joined the Muslims. Thus, Adi and the Muslim Tayyids devised a strategy to lure the Tayy in Tulayha's camp to return to Jabal Tayy by issuing a false claim that the Muslims were attacking them. When the apostate Tayyids reached their tribesmen in Jabal Tayy, far from Tulayha's reach, they discovered the false alarm and were persuaded to rejoin Islam. With this, the entirety of the Al al-Ghawth had returned to the Muslim side. However, the Al Jadila remained in revolt and the Muslim commander 878:(in this case, 300 camels) to Adi demanded the return of their camels or they would rebel. Adi either advised them to abandon this demand because Islam would survive Muhammad's death and they would be viewed as traitors or threatened to fight against them if they revolted. After this encounter, the accounts of contemporary and early Muslim historians vary. It is clear, that Adi played an integral role in preventing much of the rebellious clans of Tayy from actually fighting the Muslims and preventing the Muslims from attacking the Tayy. When he heard news of Abu Bakr's dispatch of a Muslim army against the Tayy in Syria, he sought to stop their march by smuggling the contested 300 camels to Abu Bakr, making the Tayy the first tribe to pay the 829:, who belonged to the Banu Thu'ayl branch of Al al-Ghawth, fled to Syria with some of his tribesmen to join other Tayyid clans, but his sister was captured. The Tayyid clans that remained in Jabal Tayy, including Banu Ma'n, Banu Aja, Banu Juwayn and Banu Mu'awiya, converted to Islam. Meanwhile, Adi's sister beckoned Muhammad to release her, which he did after learning that her father was Hatim ibn Abdullah. Out of respect for the latter's honorable reputation, Muhammad gave her good clothes and money and had her escorted to her family in Syria. Impressed by Muhammad's treatment of his sister, Adi met Muhammad and converted to Islam, along with most of his kinsmen. In 630–31, a delegation of fifteen Tayyid chiefs led by 981:. In a confrontation between the two sides in Iraq, Habis was killed. Habis was the maternal uncle of Adi's son, Zayd, and the latter was angered by his slaying, prompting him to seek out and kill the Ali loyalist, a member of the Banu Bakr, responsible for Habis's death. Zayd's act was sharply condemned by Adi who threatened to hand him over to Ali, prompting Zayd to defect to the Umayyads. Afterward, Adi smoothed over the consequent tension with Ali's camp by reaffirming his loyalty. The Umayyads ultimately triumphed and established a 565:, who lost some territory with the arrival of Tayyid tribesmen. However, the two tribes ultimately became allies in later centuries and intermarried. In ancient times, the two main branches of the Tayy were the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadila. The tribesmen lived in different parts of the region, with those living among the mountains known as the "al-Jabaliyyun" (the Mountaineers), those on the plain (mostly from Al Jadila) known as "as-Sahiliyyun" (the Plainsmen) and those on the desert sands known as "al-Ramliyyun". 37: 833:, who belonged to the Banu Nabhan clan of the Al al-Ghawth, converted to Islam and pledged allegiance to Muhammad. The latter was uniquely impressed by Zayd, who died a year later. Thus by the time of Muhammad's death, the Arabia-based clans of the Al Jadilah and Al al-Ghawth had become Muslims. In doing so, they firmly broke away from their long-time alliance with the Banu Assad and 528:, the Tayy were among those Qahtanite tribes who lived in the hills and plains of Syria and Mesopotamia and intermarried with non-Arabs. Ibn Khaldun further stated that Tayyid tribesmen did "not pay any attention to preserving the (purity of) lineage of their families and groups". Thus the lineage of the Tayy's many subbranches was difficult for genealogists to accurately ascertain. 1072:, the Tayy's "chief military asset, in fact, was their Bedouin swiftness of movement". Moreover, the durable connections the Tayy of Syria maintained with their north Arabian counterparts in Jabal Tayy made them virtually independent and prone to revolt against the various Muslim states in Syria and Iraq. 1287:

The tribal distribution in the Syrian and north Arabian deserts had significantly changed by the late 12th century as a result of the decline of several major tribes, the expansion of others, namely the Tayy, and the gradual assimilation of substantial Bedouin population with the settled inhabitants.

1116:

movement in eastern Arabia and southern Iraq. The Tayy associated themselves with the Qarmatians to establish their dominance of southern Syria; with likely Qarmatian encouragement, the Tayy launched a revolt between Syria and the Hejaz in 898, during which they plundered caravans and disrupted lines

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brokered a peace between the Tayy factions, ending the Fasad War. Afterward, the Tayy's relations with the Ghassanids, which had previously been checkered, were much improved. The Al Jadila converted to Christianity, the religion adopted decades earlier by the Ghassanids. Some other clans of the Banu

500:

The two main branches of Tayy were Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadilah. The former was named after al-Ghawth, a son of Julhumah. The immediate offspring of al-Ghawth's son, 'Amr, were Thu'al, Aswadan (commonly known as Nabhan), Hani, Bawlan and Salaman. The offspring of Thu'al (Banu Thu'al) and Aswadan (Banu

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to have "fought so fiercely that his action was estimated to be equivalent to be that of a whole group of men". During the battle, Christian Tayy tribesmen on the Sassanid side defected to the Muslim army, preventing an imminent Muslim rout. Among those who defected were the poet Abu Zubayd at-Ta'i.

1418:

had a special affinity for the Bedouin and maintained strong relations with the tribes of Syria and Egypt. However, following his death, the state's relations with the Bedouin deteriorated. The Tha'laba left their semi-permanent camp in al-Sharqiya to maraud across the country and joined the revolt

560:

north of Medina as their most important oasis, and from there they would make incursions into Syria and Iraq during times of drought. Their concentration in Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma lent the mountain ranges their ancient, collective name "Jabal Tayy". Prior to the Tayy migration, the mountains had

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as well. The alliance collapsed when Asad and Ghatafan assaulted both the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadilah and drove them out of their territories in Jabal Tayy. However, one of the leaders of the Asad, Dhu al-Khimarayn Awf al-Jadhami defected from the Ghatafan soon after and reestablished the alliance

1879:

A Critical Exposition of the Popular "jihád": Showing that All the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive, and that Aggressive War, Or Compulsory Conversion, is Not Allowed in the Koran : with Appendices Proving that the World 'jihad' Does Not Exegetically Mean 'warfare', and that Slavery is Not

905:(core of the Muslim force) had their own banner. At the Battle of Buzakha against Tulayha, Adi and Muknif ibn Zayd, who unlike Zayd's other son Muhalhil had fought alongside the Muslims from the start, commanded the right and left wings of the Muslim army. The "Tayyaye d-Mhmt" were reported by 865:'s tradition holds they all defected. Landau-Tasseron asserts that neither extreme is correct, with some Tayy leaders, foremost among them Adi ibn Hatim, fighting on the Muslim side and others joining the rebels. However, Tayyid rebels did not engage in direct conflict with the Muslims. 1391:

During Mamluk rule, the Bedouin of Syria were used as auxiliaries in the Mamluks' wars with the Mongols based in Iraq and Anatolia. In central and northern Syria, the Bedouin came under the authority of the Al Fadl emirs in their capacity as the hereditary officeholders of the

731:) in northern Arabia. Numerous atrocities were committed by both factions and the war resulted in the migration of several Jadila clans from the north Arabian plains to Syria, while the Al Al-Ghawth remained in Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma. The Jadila tribesmen founded a 802:(died 624), being from Tayy. In the first years of Muhammad's mission, individual members of certain Tayyid clans converted to Islam. Among these early converts were Suwayd ibn Makhshi who fought against the pagan Arabs of Mecca, including two of his kinsmen, in the 699:

fell out with Khosrow II, who had been restored to the Sassanid throne, and sought safety with the Tayy. The tribe refused to grant refuge to al-Nu'man, who was married to two Tayyid women, and he was ultimately killed by the Sassanids in 602. A Tayyid chief,

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and to the Tayy's traditional homeland in northern Arabia. While his Fatimid assignment gave him prestige, Mufarrij's tribal authority was the source of his independent power. The Tayyid-dominated region was the location of the overland routes connecting

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in 656 and 657, respectively. During the latter battle, a chief of the tribe, Sa'id ibn Ubayd at-Ta'i, was slain. Unlike the Tayy of Arabia, the Tayy in Syria led by Habis ibn Sa'd at-Ta'i aligned with the Umayyads, who assigned Habis as the commander of

512:

The Al Jadilah's namesake was a woman of the Tayy named Jadilah, whose sons Hur and Jundub became the progenitors of Banu Hur and Banu Jundub, respectively. The latter produced the numerous Al al-Tha'alib (Tha'laba) subbranch, which itself produced the

1159:, the traditional Muslim capital of Palestine. Mufarrij was also the preeminent chieftain of the Banu Tayy tribe as a whole, giving him authority over his Bedouin and peasant kinsmen in an area extending from the coast of Palestine eastward through 501:

Nabhan) became leading sub-branches of the Tayy in northern Arabia, while the offspring of Hani (Banu Hani) became a major sub-branch in southern Mesopotamia. According to traditional Arab genealogists, the Banu Thu'al were the ancestors of the

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advances in 1036. In 1041, the Jarrahids regained control of Palestine, but the Fatimids continued to go to war against them. The Jarrahids continued to disrupt Fatimid rule until the Fatimids were driven out of Syria and Palestine in 1071.

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in Arabia was varied, with some embracing the new faith and others resistant. The Tayyid clans of Jabal Tayy, all of whom lived within close proximity of each other, had maintained close relationships with the inhabitants and tribes of

492:, the semi-legendary, common ancestor of the Arab tribes of southern Arabia. Julhumah was a direct descendant of Kahlan via Julhumah's father Zayd ibn Yashjub, who in turn was a direct descendant of 'Arib ibn Zayd ibn Kahlan. 885:

It is apparent that Adi's traditional rivals within the Tayy from the Banu Nabhan (led by Zayd's son Muhalhil) and Banu La'm (led by Thumama ibn Aws), or at least some of their members, joined Tulayha in Buzakha (in northern

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mountains between Transjordan and the Hejaz. Here they first received attention in 883 when they launched a revolt that spanned southern Syria and the northern Hejaz. The Tayy's revolt prevented the passage of the annual

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The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh Al-buldân of Al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir Al-Balâdhuri, Volume

1410:(postal route) in their district and were occasionally appointed to government posts. The Tayy in Syria and Egypt were both required to supply Arabian horses to the Mamluks for use in the army and 1168:, Syria, Iraq and Arabia. This gave Mufarrij significant leverage with the Fatimids, who thus could not afford alienating him and risk him switching allegiance to the Fatimids' rivals in Iraq, the 874:(tribute) from the Tayy and Banu Asad. After Muhammad's death and the resulting chaos among the Muslims and the belief that Islam would imminently collapse, those among the Tayy who had paid their 1280:, who had conquered the Syrian coastal regions, including Palestine, in 1098–1100. By the end of the 11th century, the Banu Rabi'ah branch of the Tayy (direct descendants of Mufarrij) and the 1848: 1206:. During this period, in 1025, the Tayy made an agreement with the Kilab and the Kalb, whereby Hassan ibn Mufarrij of Tayy ruled Palestine, Sinan ibn Sulayman of the Kalb ruled Damascus and 318:

in the 610s. In the late sixth century, the Fasad War split the Tayy, with members of its Jadila branch converting to Christianity and migrating to Syria where they became allied with the

1056:" in 861, which left the vast expanse of the Syrian and Arabian deserts without governmental oversight. During this period, the Tayy dominated the southern part of the Syrian Desert, the 708:

tribe opposed the rule of Iyas and began raiding Sassanid territory in southern Mesopotamia. In response, Iyas commanded pro-Sassanid Arab and Persian troops against the Banu Bakr at the

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branch of the Banu Assad were the last influential Arab tribes in Syria and Iraq, with the rest having "disappeared from the political map", according to historian Mustafa A. Hiyari.

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means "to plaster". He received the name because he was said to have been "the first to have plastered the walls of a well", according to al-Tabari. Julhumah's ancestry was traced to

752:

and al-Fils. Those who converted to Christianity apparently embraced their new faith zealously and produced two well-known priests, named in Syriac sources as Abraham and Daniel.

1195:. By the time of Mufarrij's death, the Jarrahids had restored their dominant position in Palestine. Mufarrij's son, Hassan, maintained relations with the Fatimids under Caliph 462:, according to early Arab genealogists, was Julhumah ibn Udad, who was known as "Tayy" or "Tayyi". The theory in some Arab tradition, as cited by 9th-century Muslim historian 1260:

With the end of the Fatimid era in Syria and Palestine, descendants of Mufarrij entered the service of the Muslim states of the region, first with the cadet branches of the

1225:

The Tayy established an alliance with the Byzantines and upon the latter's invitation, the 20,000-strong Tayy of Syria relocated their encampments from the vicinity of

1406:(king of the Bedouin). In al-Sharqiyah, the Tha'laba, whose encampments were close to the Mamluk seat of government, were tasked with maintaining and protecting the 430:

and Jabal Tayy, they controlled the key routes between Egypt, Syria, Arabia and Iraq. They vacillated between the Fatimids and the Byzantines and then between the

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in September 632. The Tayy supposedly were given their own banner in the Muslim army, per their request, which was a testament to their influence since only the

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In 1021, the Banu Nabhan led by Hamad ibn Uday besieged the Khurasani pilgrim caravan in Fayd near Jabal Tayy despite being paid off by the Khurasani sultan,

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dominated central Syria. The latter tribe, whose presence in the region had preceded the Muslim conquest and the migration of the Tayy and Kilab, was largely

1096:(884–896) in 885. For the remainder of Khumarawayh's reign, the Tayy remained suppressed, possibly due to the help of older-established Arab tribes like the 861:

is a "widely disputed matter", according to historian Ella Landau-Tasseron. Some Muslim traditions claim all of the Tayy remained committed to Islam, while

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controlled Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma; the Ghuzayya held territories within parts of Syria, the Hejaz and Iraq that were controlled by the Banu Rabi'ah. In

1187:. Between then and Mufarrij's death in 1013, the Tayy switched allegiance between the various regional powers, including the Fatimids, Byzantines, and the 1155:, and handed him over to the Fatimids in exchange for a large reward. In return for his support, Mufarrij was appointed by the Fatimids as the governor of 825:

on an expedition to destroy the Tayy's principal idol, al-Fils, in Jabal Aja. As a result of the expedition, the Tayy's Kufa-based Christian chieftain,

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by the early 8th century. A Tayyid commander named al-Qasim ibn Tha'laba ibn Abdullah ibn Hasn played an instrumental role in the Umayyad conquest of

2680:

Hiyari, Mustafa A. (1975). "The Origins and Development of the Amīrate of the Arabs during the Seventh/Thirteenth and Eighth/Fourteenth Centuries".

3035: 1218:, and Hassan conquered al-Ramla. The alliance fell apart when the Kalb defected to the Fatimids, who decisively defeated the Tayy and Kilab near 614:" was often used by authors from Byzantine Syria and Egypt as a generic term for Arabs. The Syriac word also entered into the language of the 414:

By the mid-9th century, Abbasid authority had eroded and the Tayy were left dominant in the southern Syrian Desert and Jabal Tayy. Under the

1035:) in the early 9th century was a Tayyid named al-Haytham ibn Adi (died 822). Two major poets from the Tayy also emerged in the 9th century: 894:

was set to move against them. He was stopped by the intercession of Adi, who was able secure the Al Jadila's allegiance through diplomacy.

723:

had largely supplanted the Salihids as the Byzantines' main foederati, and the Salihids began living alongside the Tayy in the region of

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Egypt and Syria Under the Circassian Sultans, 1382–1468 A.D.: Systematic Notes to Ibn Taghrî Birdî's Chronicles of Egypt, Volumes 15–17

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to the northern coastline of Palestine, were also a Tayyid tribe according to some sources, while others consider them to be from the

794:. There was a degree of intermarriage between the Tayy and Quraysh. The Tayy also had a level of interaction with the Jewish tribe of 1402:(r. 1260–1284). The Al Mira emirs held a similar, but lower-ranking office, in southern Syria, and its preeminent emir was known as 934:. The Al Jadila tribesmen based in Qinnasrin did not join their Arabian counterparts and fought alongside the Byzantines during the 299:. The latter continues to be the traditional homeland of the tribe until the present day. They later established relations with the 1175:

In 981–82, relations between the Jarrahids and the Fatimids collapsed and the former were driven out of Palestine. They sacked a

1143:

came with them and firmly established themselves in the country. However, under the Jarrahid chieftains, the Tayy assisted the

1105: 2646: 1637: 3028: 1147:, who conquered the Ikhshidids, against the Qarmatians in 971 and 977. During the latter occasion, the Jarrahid chieftain 1068:, while the Tayy and Kilab, being relative newcomers to the region, were still highly mobile nomadic groups. According to 3711: 1148: 704:, subsequently migrated to al-Hirah with some of his tribesmen and became its governor, ruling from 602 to 611 CE. The 2937: 2918: 2897: 2876: 2855: 2834: 2804: 2783: 2762: 2728: 2658: 2632: 2611: 2296: 2254: 2227: 2039: 1954: 1822: 1777: 1753: 1589: 1553: 1521: 897:

The consensus in all Muslim traditions is that the Tayy of Arabia was firmly on the Muslims' side by the time of the

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Throughout the 6th century, the Tayy continued their relations with the Sassanids and their chief Arab clients, the

727:. In the late 6th century, the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadila fought against each other in the 25-year-long Fasad War ( 3686: 3021: 1093: 946:

in 638, after which many agreed to convert to Islam, though a large section remained Christian and agreed to pay

719:, evidence suggests clans of the Tayy moved into Byzantine-held Syria beginning in the 6th century. By then, the 696: 2313: 1606: 806:

in 624 CE; Walid ibn Zuhayr who served as a guide for the Muslims in their expedition against the Banu Asad in

192: 2622: 1022: 755:

Sometime during the 6th century, the Tayy and the Asad formed a confederation, which was later joined by the

392: 357: 1233:, in 1031. The Tayy continued to fight alongside the Byzantines under Hassan and his son Allaf, protecting 683:

of Mesopotamia. Towards the end of the 6th century, a Tayyid chief named Hassan assisted the Sassanid king

232: 1494: 3706: 3609: 701: 952:(poll tax). Most of the Christian tribesmen became Muslims in the few years after, with few exceptions. 760:

with the Tayy. Together, they campaigned against Ghatafan and restored their territories in Jabal Tayy.

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until the late 12th and early 13th centuries, when the Tayy's various subbranches, chief among them the

1924:

The Mufaddiliyat: An Anthology of Ancient Arabian Odes, compiled Al-Mufaddal Son of Muhammad, Volume 2

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Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab Conquest of Iran and its Aftermath". In Frye, R. N. (ed.).

344:. The Tayy participated in several Muslim military campaigns after Muhammad's death, including in the 3681: 939: 349: 341: 3696: 935: 646:), also meaning "Arab". For the Tayy specifically, the Syriac authors would use the word "Tu'aye". 2562: 2546: 1320:

and ultimately to the al-Washm region of central Najd; the Al Mira of Banu Rabi'ah controlled the

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anthology, may not have been an actual member of the tribe, but had adopted the tribe as his own.

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The History of al-Tabari, Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and their Successors

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of the Kilab ruled Aleppo. Together, they defeated a Fatimid punitive expedition sent by Caliph

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A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341)

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Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1, Part 1: Political and Military History

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contested leadership of the caliphate and overtook the Umayyads in what became known as the

3657: 3645: 1076: 918: 906: 96: 1548:. Translated by Rosenthal, Franz. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 99–100. 921:

against the Sassanids in 634, another of Zayd's sons, Urwah, participated and was said by

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Islam, Information, and Social Order: the Strategic Role of Religion in Muslim Societies

671:. Despite this violation of the bilateral agreement, the Sassanid-Byzantine peace held. 642: 605: 442:, were left as the last politically influential Arab tribe in the region extending from 322:, and the Ghawth branch remaining in Jabal Tayy. A chieftain and poet of the Al Ghawth, 2705: 2697: 1877: 1850:

The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: The Period of the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs

1574: 1300:. The Tayy divisions and their respective territories at the time were as follows: The 1199:, but when the latter disappeared, Hassan's relations with his successor deteriorated. 1136: 1053: 1010: 846: 688: 419: 396: 261: 51: 786:, the setting of Islam's birth. Among their contacts in Mecca were tribesmen from the 2933: 2914: 2893: 2872: 2851: 2830: 2800: 2779: 2758: 2724: 2709: 2654: 2628: 2607: 2250: 2223: 2035: 1950: 1818: 1773: 1749: 1633: 1585: 1549: 1517: 1415: 1273: 1006: 965: 898: 822: 709: 447: 423: 400: 387:

ultimately triumphed and members of the Tayy participated in the Umayyad conquest of

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Abbasid authority in Syria and Iraq eroded considerably after the beginning of the "

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which toppled the Umayyads in the mid-eighth century. The Tayy fared well under the

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Al-Anbari, Abu Muhammad al-Qasim ibn Muhammad (1918). Lyall, Charles James (ed.).

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They largely lived among the north Arabian mountain ranges of Aja and Salma with

502: 311: 300: 288: 216: 56: 798:, with the father of one of its leading members and enemy of the early Muslims, 3584: 3243: 3093: 1360:

district, while the Tha'laba branch inhabited the area stretching from Egypt's

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between 896 and 904. This coincided with the rising strength of the anarchist

3676: 3670: 3334: 3319: 3296: 3233: 3202: 3172: 3108: 2723:. Reading: Garnet Publishing Limited & Southern Court. pp. 294–295. 2642: 1361: 1321: 1289: 1261: 1219: 902: 862: 834: 830: 826: 811: 756: 579: 431: 333: 329: 87: 83: 2998:[The Arabs were called Tayys due to their dominance over the area]. 2653:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Leiden and New York: Brill. pp. 482–485. 845:

Following Muhammad's death in 632, several Arab tribes rebelled against his

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1211: 1069: 922: 749: 716: 323: 197: 2675:. New York: Columbia University, Longmans, Green and Company. p. 224. 517:, which became a leading sub-branch of Al Jadilah in northern Arabia. The 3510: 3464: 3430: 3381: 3361: 3304: 3287: 3260: 3248: 3224: 3219: 3192: 3167: 3152: 3073: 3013: 2847:

State and Rural Society in Medieval Islam: Sultans, Muqtaʻs, and Fallahun

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Landau-Tasseron, Ella (1984). "The Participation of Tayyi in the Ridda".

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Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century

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in the late 2nd century CE, in the years following the dispersion of the

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The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads

691:, by giving Khosrow a horse. A few years later, the Lakhmid governor of 664: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3515: 3496: 3484: 3474: 3435: 3396: 3376: 3309: 3272: 3098: 2928:

Shahid, Irfan (2000). "Tayyi'". In Bearman, P. J.; et al. (eds.).

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Ibn Khaldun, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad (1967). Dawood, N. J. (ed.).

1385: 1381: 1277: 1265: 1188: 1169: 1140: 1132: 1126: 1080: 1065: 1061: 982: 978: 736: 705: 659: 463: 435: 415: 391:

in the early eighth century. Nonetheless, a branch of the Tayy under

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These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.

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Bräu, H. H. (1936). "Ṭaiy". In Houtsma, M. Th.; et al. (eds.).

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The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363–628, Part 2

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in 625; and Rafi' ibn Abi Rafi' who fought under Muslim commander

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Though traditionally allied with the Sasanian client state of the

3631: 3491: 3454: 3408: 3324: 3314: 3238: 2301:. Sindh: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind. p. 46. 1365: 1345: 1341: 1301: 1255: 1230: 1226: 1179:

pilgrim caravan later in 982, then annihilated a Fatimid army at

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Al-Hakami, Najm ad-Din Omarah (1802). Kay, Henry Cassels (ed.).

3640: 3520: 3366: 3339: 3209: 3187: 3177: 3147: 1333: 1234: 1222:

in 1029, prompting Hassan and his tribesmen to flee northward.

1192: 1032: 1018: 964:, the Tayy under Adi were strong supporters of Ali against the 870: 783: 610:), to describe Arab tribesmen in general in much the same way " 546: 489: 485: 481: 224: 27: 2442:

Bosworth, C.E. "Fayd". In Bearman, P. J.; et al. (eds.).

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in the mid-8th century. The leader of the Abbasid movement in

524:

According to the 14th-century Arab historian and sociologist,

521:(or Jurum) may have also been a branch of the Al al-Tha'alib. 426:

rule. As the virtually independent rulers of the area between

3346: 3135: 3125: 3083: 1337: 1329: 1317: 1297: 1165: 1156: 990: 948: 882:, an action that was widely lauded by Muhammad's companions. 807: 779: 774: 745: 542: 468: 427: 388: 337: 202: 108: 2603:

The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society

1883:. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Company. pp. xlii–xliii. 36: 3557: 3415: 2249:. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 209. 2246:

History of al-Tabari, Vol. 11: The Challenge to the Empires

1377: 1305: 1293: 1184: 1176: 1088:

caravan from Damascus to Mecca until it was quashed by the

1085: 887: 857:

of the Banu Asad. The Tayy's allegiance during the ensuing

724: 578:

The Tayy were so widespread and influential throughout the

518: 443: 372: 279:). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern 248: 112: 2775:

The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate

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Ibn 'Abd Rabbih (2011). Boullata, Emeritus Issa J. (ed.).

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The Christians of Lebanon: Political Rights in Islamic Law

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The Tayy were left as the predominant tribe of the entire

568: 403:, producing military officials and renowned poets such as 3103: 550: 376: 340:

together with much of their tribe in 629–630, and became

2201:. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. p. 1183:, before being defeated and forced to flee north toward 1025:. The tribe fared well during Abbasid rule. A prominent 2996:"تسمية العرب بالطائيين نظراً لسطوة القبيلة على المنطقة" 2987: 2793:

Landau-Tasseron, Ella (1998). Yar-Shater, Ehsan (ed.).

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tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of

2826:

Syria Under Islam: Empire on Trial, 634–1097, Volume 1

2682:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

1772:. American Schools of Oriental Research. p. 150. 1769:

Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier

909:

as fighting with Romans 12 miles east of Gaza in 634.

603: 91:

10th century–16th century: Jabal Tayy, Syrian Desert,

1946:

History of al-Tabari, Vol. 10: The Conquest of Arabia

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Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C., eds. (2002).

1398:(commander of the Bedouin) post, beginning with Emir 2181: 2179: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1368:. The Tha'laba were particularly influential in the 70: 2716: 1304:of Banu Rabi'ah controlled the regions of Homs and 653:. However, they were also counted as allies by the 2567:. University of California Press. 1955. p. 6. 1573: 1364:coast northeastward to al-Kharruba in the western 1332:; the Al Ali branch of the Al Fadl controlled the 2649:. In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (eds.). 2176: 2034:. American Trust Publications. pp. 463–464. 1943:Donner, Fred M. (1993). Yar-Shater, Ehsan (ed.). 1938: 1936: 1934: 1887: 3668: 2993: 2930:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, Volume 10 773:The Tayy's initial reaction to the emergence of 2792: 2737: 790:, the tribe of the Islamic prophet and leader, 122:Julhumah ibn 'Udad ibn Malik ibn 'Udad ibn Zaid 2799:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 1931: 1419:of the al-A'id tribe in the mid-14th century. 1272:successors, who came to rule all of Syria and 712:in 609, in which the Sassanids were defeated. 291:, which then collectively became known as the 3029: 2868:Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 1984: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1356:, the Sunbis branch of the Tayy lived in the 2949:Organisation of Government Under the Prophet 2889:Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century 2486: 2484: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2064: 2062: 2060: 1810: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1499:. University of California Press. p. 4. 1336:region around Damascus and southeastward to 314:, the Tayy supplanted them as the rulers of 274: 2818:. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 163. 2599: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2363: 2333: 2331: 2272: 2242: 2169: 2167: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2005: 2003: 1567: 1565: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1516:. Princeton University Press. p. 134. 1479: 1477: 1471:Ibn Abd Rabbih, ed. Boullata, 2011, p. 294. 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 993:in 712 by killing the country's Hindu king 326:, is widely known among Arabs until today. 3043: 3036: 3022: 2426: 2133: 1979: 1963: 1795: 1545:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 1509: 1483:Ibn Abd Rabbih, ed. Boullata 2011, p. 295. 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1276:. At times, the Tayy fought alongside the 768: 586:authors from Mesopotamia used their name, 536: 35: 2778:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2481: 2450: 2405: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2311: 2068: 2057: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 1920: 1869: 1846: 1722: 1646: 1604: 1433: 1431: 1380:, who inhabited the area stretching from 1229:to the al-Ruj plain, near Byzantine-held 2947:Siddiqui, Muhammad Yasin Mazhar (1987). 2946: 2771: 2750: 2383: 2354: 2328: 2164: 2155: 2104: 2092: 2077: 2048: 2000: 1856:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 1562: 1530: 1474: 1456: 379:as caliph and those in Syria supporting 2813: 2215: 1927:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 268. 1440: 1316:and southward along the valley through 821:In 630, Muhammad dispatched his cousin 687:when the latter fled from his usurper, 569:Relations with Sassanids and Byzantines 541:The Banu Tayy were originally based in 3669: 2927: 2906: 2885: 2864: 2822: 2679: 2641: 2520: 2340: 2294: 2194: 2027: 2012: 1942: 1765: 1571: 1492: 1428: 868:Muhammad had appointed Adi to collect 3017: 2740:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2667: 2551:. Taylor's Foreign Press. p. 24. 2544: 2083: 1621: 1611:. London: Edward Arnold. p. 217. 1598: 1510:Cohen, Amnon; Lewis, Bernard (1978). 912: 663:in the early to mid-5th century, the 2843: 2620: 2441: 1615: 1249: 1060:dominated the northern part and the 744:Tayy remained pagan, worshiping the 627: 2951:. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. 2324:. Hamdard National Foundation: 105. 2298:Arab Kingdom of al-Mansurah in Sind 2222:. London: Tauris Academic Studies. 2088:. Stanford University. p. 140. 1875: 1139:in 968, the leading Tayyid clan of 968:. They fought alongside him at the 641: 275: 220: 60: 13: 2982:A comprehensive history of Shammar 2976:The Days of the Arabs before Islam 2243:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1993). 1880:Sanctioned by the Prophet of Islam 1608:Yaman, its Early Mediaeval History 1151:captured the pro-Qarmatian rebel, 531: 14: 3723: 2957: 1817:. London: Routledge. p. 49. 1120: 1000: 955: 418:, they established themselves in 2152:Landau-Tasseron 1984, pp. 60–61. 2084:Patel, David Siddhartha (2007). 2028:Haykal, Muhammad Husayn (1976). 1453:Landau-Tasseron 1998, pp. 85–86. 853:, switching their allegiance to 674: 573: 2720:The Unique Necklace, Volume III 2627:(1st ed.). Leiden: Brill. 2592: 2580: 2571: 2555: 2538: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2472: 2435: 2305: 2288: 2263: 2236: 2209: 2188: 2124: 2071:Encyclopedia Iranica, Volume 12 1991: 1914: 1905: 1860: 1840: 1831: 1786: 1759: 1748:, vol. X, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1742:B.G. Franger (2000), "Tādjīk", 1736: 1713: 1704: 1043:. The former, who authored the 363:The Tayy were split during the 2988:Shammar tribe official website 2600:Abu Izzedin, Nejla M. (1993). 2446:(2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. 2295:Pathan, Mumtaz Husain (1974). 2195:Arnold, Thomas Walker (1896). 1580:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 1503: 1486: 1324:and the area southward to the 763: 649:The Tayy were subjects of the 395:were among the leaders of the 1: 2966:by John Frederich Williamson. 2314:"Al-Haytham Ibn 'Adi-A Study" 2073:. Kegan Paul. pp. 57–58. 1876:Ali, Moulavi Cheragh (1885). 1422: 1131:When the Qarmatians attacked 1075:The Tayy made their abode in 840: 505:of Syria, and in turn of the 358:Muslim conquest of the Levant 356:remained Christian until the 82:2nd century CE–10th century: 2173:Landau-Tasseron 1984, p. 64. 2161:Landau-Tasseron 1984, p. 66. 2130:Landau-Tasseron 1984, p. 59. 2121:Landau-Tasseron 1984, p. 54. 2101:Landau-Tasseron 1984, p. 53. 1191:' Turkish governor of Homs, 453: 332:and another Tayy chieftain, 41:Banner of the Tayy from the 7: 2312:Al-Jemaey, Awad M. (1984). 735:(military encampment) near 545:, but migrated to northern 495: 71: 10: 3728: 2814:Maulana, Mohammad (2006). 2772:Madelung, Wilferd (1997). 1766:Parker, S. Thomas (1986). 1622:Retsö, Jan (4 July 2003). 1253: 1124: 1021:was a member of the Tayy, 942:encountered them in their 926:Urwah later fought at the 604: 486:Kahlan ibn Saba ibn Ya'rub 393:Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i 247:, are a large and ancient 3712:Arabs in the Roman Empire 3654: 3059: 3052: 2994:Ammar Al Sanjari (2005). 2829:. Delmar: Caravan Books. 2823:Salibi, Kamal S. (1977). 2751:Levanoni, Amalia (1995). 2694:10.1017/s0041977x00048060 2668:Hitti, Philip K. (1916). 2651:The Encyclopedia of Islam 2517:Hiyari 1975, pp. 512–513. 2499:Hiyari 1975, pp. 511–512. 1997:Siddiqui 1987, pp. 89–90. 1837:Shahid 1989, pp. 115–116. 940:Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah 350:Muslim conquest of Persia 342:companions of the Prophet 188: 136: 126: 118: 78: 50: 34: 26: 21: 2844:Sato, Tsugitaka (1997). 1493:Popper, William (1955). 1268:of Damascus, then their 936:Muslim conquest of Syria 702:Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i 466:, holds that Julhumah's 352:. Al-Jadila in northern 2216:Grafton, David (2003). 1719:Abu Izzedin 1993, p. 9. 1576:A Brief History of Iraq 769:Prophet Muhammad's days 715:According to historian 537:Migration to Jabal Tayy 235:: 𐩷𐩺), also known as 198:Miaphysite Christianity 3687:Tribes of Saudi Arabia 2964:The History of Shammar 2907:Shahid, Irfan (1995). 2886:Shahid, Irfan (1989). 2865:Shahid, Irfan (1986). 2624:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2285:Madelung 1997, p. 246. 2269:Madelung 1997, p. 166. 1344:in northern Najd; the 962:first Muslim civil war 930:and died fighting the 928:Battle of al-Qadisiyah 476:derived from the word 367:, with those based in 2545:Rabin, Chaim (1951). 2444:Encyclopedia of Islam 1988:Siddiqui 1987, p. 90. 1976:Siddiqui 1987, p. 89. 1745:Encyclopedia of Islam 1572:Fattah, Hala (2009). 1292:, Upper Mesopotamia, 1264:, beginning with the 985:that had reached the 938:. The Muslim general 741:al-Harith ibn Jabalah 561:been the home of the 383:. The latter and his 2548:Ancient West-Arabian 2508:Hiyari 1975, p. 512. 2490:Hiyari 1975, p. 513. 2423:Canard, pp. 619–620. 2031:The Life of Muhammad 1911:Shahid 1995, p. 338. 1866:Shahid 1989, p. 304. 1792:Shahid 1989, p. 266. 1733:Shahid 1989, p. 117. 1710:Shahid 1986, p. 126. 1701:Shahid 2000, p. 402. 1149:Mufarrij ibn Daghfal 919:Battle of the Bridge 907:Thomas the Presbyter 488:, great-grandson of 3610:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat 2478:Salibi 1977, p. 93. 2402:Salibi 1977, p. 91. 2360:Salibi 1977, p. 47. 2351:Salibi 1977, p. 85. 2337:Salibi 1977, p. 43. 2185:Hitti 1916, p. 404. 2054:Landau 1984, p. 57. 2009:Landau 1984, p. 62. 1902:Hitti 1916, p. 224. 987:Indian Subcontinent 970:Battle of the Camel 892:Khalid ibn al-Walid 706:Banu Bakr ibn Wa'il 3707:Arab ethnic groups 3215:Bakr ibn Abd Manat 2972:by Abbas Alazzawi. 2970:The Tribes of Iraq 2380:Salibi, pp. 47–48. 1437:Bräu 1936, p. 624. 1117:of communication. 1054:Anarchy at Samarra 1023:Qahtaba ibn Shabib 1011:Abbasid Revolution 913:Rashidun conquests 849:successor, Caliph 800:Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf 397:Abbasid Revolution 3664: 3663: 2984:by Amer Aladhadh. 2932:. Leiden: Brill. 2850:. Leiden: Brill. 2606:. Leiden: Brill. 2586:Levanoni, p. 182. 2318:Hamdard Islamicus 1639:978-0-7007-1679-1 1416:an-Nasir Muhammad 1296:and the northern 1274:Upper Mesopotamia 1250:Later Islamic era 899:Battle of Buzakha 823:Ali ibn Abi Talib 710:Battle of Dhi Qar 651:Sassanid Persians 448:Upper Mesopotamia 401:Abbasid Caliphate 209: 208: 105:Upper Mesopotamia 69: 3719: 3682:Tribes of Arabia 3038: 3031: 3024: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2952: 2943: 2924: 2903: 2882: 2861: 2840: 2819: 2810: 2789: 2768: 2747: 2734: 2713: 2676: 2664: 2638: 2617: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2448: 2447: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2403: 2400: 2381: 2378: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2338: 2335: 2326: 2325: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2174: 2171: 2162: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2102: 2099: 2090: 2089: 2081: 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2731: 2661: 2635: 2614: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577:Hiyari, p. 517. 2576: 2572: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2469:Canard, p. 622. 2468: 2451: 2440: 2436: 2432:Canard, p. 621. 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414:Canard, p. 483. 2413: 2406: 2401: 2384: 2379: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2310: 2306: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2214: 2210: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2172: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2082: 2078: 2067: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2026: 2013: 2008: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1975: 1964: 1957: 1941: 1932: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1888: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1809: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1780: 1764: 1760: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1647: 1640: 1632:. p. 704. 1620: 1616: 1603: 1599: 1592: 1570: 1563: 1556: 1540: 1531: 1524: 1508: 1504: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1470: 1457: 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Retrieved 2999: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2948: 2929: 2909: 2888: 2867: 2846: 2825: 2815: 2795: 2774: 2753: 2743: 2739: 2719: 2685: 2681: 2670: 2650: 2623: 2602: 2593:Bibliography 2582: 2573: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2540: 2535:Sato, p. 98. 2513: 2504: 2495: 2474: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2356: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2297: 2290: 2265: 2245: 2238: 2218: 2211: 2197: 2190: 2157: 2126: 2085: 2079: 2070: 2050: 2030: 1993: 1945: 1923: 1916: 1907: 1878: 1871: 1862: 1849: 1842: 1833: 1813: 1788: 1768: 1761: 1743: 1738: 1715: 1706: 1624: 1617: 1607: 1600: 1575: 1544: 1512: 1505: 1495: 1488: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1390: 1370:al-Sharqiyah 1308:eastward to 1286: 1259: 1224: 1201: 1174: 1135:-controlled 1130: 1074: 1070:Kamal Salibi 1066:sedentarized 1051: 1044: 1026: 1004: 959: 947: 943: 923:al-Baladhuri 916: 896: 884: 879: 875: 869: 867: 844: 820: 772: 754: 732: 728: 717:Irfan Shahid 714: 678: 658: 648: 633: 619: 599: 595: 591: 587: 577: 555: 553:from Yemen. 540: 523: 511: 503:Banu Rabi'ah 499: 477: 473: 467: 457: 413: 362: 328: 309: 296: 295:, and later 292: 270: 260: 244: 240: 236: 228: 212: 210: 147:Al al-Ghawth 127:Parent tribe 3658:Arab tribes 3362:Abd al-Qays 3046:Arab tribes 3044:Historical 1354:Lower Egypt 1094:Khumarawayh 1077:Transjordan 997:in battle. 917:During the 764:Islamic era 632:)and later 526:Ibn Khaldun 480:, which in 458:The Tayy's 375:supporting 365:First Fitna 253:Bani Sakher 163:Banu Nabhan 154:Banu Jarrah 150:Banu Thu'al 143:Bani Sakher 107:, Northern 3671:Categories 3580:al-Samayda 3397:Taym Allah 3377:Banu Dhuhl 3005:23 January 1423:References 1374:Nile Delta 1254:See also: 1125:See also: 1058:Banu Kilab 1041:al-Buhturi 1037:Abu Tammam 995:Raja Dahir 932:Daylamites 859:Ridda Wars 841:Ridda Wars 796:Banu Nadir 721:Ghassanids 685:Khosrow II 655:Byzantines 563:Banu Assad 460:progenitor 409:Abu Tammam 346:Ridda Wars 320:Ghassanids 293:Jabal Tayy 267:patronymic 205:(post 630) 200:(pre-638) 195:(pre-630) 193:Polytheism 174:Al Jadilah 84:Jabal Tayy 30:Arab tribe 3244:Abd-Shams 3183:Banu Kanz 3089:Banu Asad 2757:. Brill. 2710:178868071 2645:(1991) . 1630:Routledge 1414:. Sultan 1378:Banu Jarm 1326:al-Harrah 1278:Crusaders 1189:Hamdanids 1170:Buwayhids 1137:Palestine 1133:Ikhshidid 1127:Jarrahids 1114:Qarmatian 1062:Banu Kalb 983:caliphate 979:Jund Hims 737:Qinnasrin 660:foederati 612:Saracenos 515:Banu La'm 464:al-Tabari 454:Genealogy 436:Crusaders 420:Palestine 416:Jarrahids 307:empires. 305:Byzantine 276:ٱلطَّائِي 166:Banu Hani 66:romanized 28:Kahlanite 22:Banu Tayy 3656:Part of 3563:Juhaynah 3441:Tha'laba 3421:Ghatafan 3203:Mustaliq 3193:Khath'am 3158:Al-Haram 3079:Banu Amr 3000:Al-Bayan 1358:Buhayrah 1350:Banu Lam 1282:Mazyadid 1243:Marwanid 1239:Numayrid 1212:az-Zahir 1197:al-Hakim 1153:Alptakin 1145:Fatimids 1079:and the 1015:Khurasan 1007:Abbasids 972:and the 966:Umayyads 851:Abu Bakr 847:Rashidun 792:Muhammad 693:al-Hirah 681:Lakhmids 665:Salihids 551:Banu Azd 496:Branches 381:Mu'awiya 360:in 638. 348:and the 316:al-Hirah 312:Lakhmids 301:Sasanian 189:Religion 181:Banu Lam 137:Branches 97:al-Balqa 79:Location 3632:Al Fadl 3605:Hanzala 3553:Balqayn 3526:Muharib 3502:Qushayr 3492:Khafaja 3455:Hawazin 3426:Dhubyan 3409:Taghlib 3392:Shayban 3352:Muzayna 3315:Madhhaj 3301:Khuthir 3239:Quraysh 3234:Jadhima 3198:Khuza'a 3163:Hudhayl 3119:Khazraj 1388:tribe. 1366:Galilee 1346:Shammar 1342:al-Jawf 1312:at the 1302:Al Fadl 1256:Al Fadl 1231:Antioch 1227:Palmyra 1216:Ascalon 1090:Tulunid 1046:Hamasah 1028:akhbari 960:In the 855:Tulayha 814:in the 788:Quraysh 746:deities 669:Nisibis 638:Persian 600:Tayyaye 596:Taiyaya 592:Tayenoi 588:Taienos 558:Khaybar 509:emirs. 507:Al Fadl 440:Al Fadl 432:Seljuks 424:Fatimid 405:Buhturi 285:Shammar 281:Arabian 271:aṭ-Ṭāʾī 257:Shammar 245:Taiyaye 241:Tayyaye 233:(Musnad 170:Shammar 159:Al Fadl 131:Madhhaj 72:Aṭ-Ṭāʾī 68:: 3641:Thamud 3627:Jarrah 3617:Tanukh 3585:Sa'ida 3543:Bahra' 3538:Quda'a 3521:Bahila 3511:Sulaym 3465:Thaqif 3431:Fazara 3382:Hanifa 3367:Anizah 3357:Rabi'a 3340:Zubaid 3305:Lihyan 3261:Hashim 3249:Umayya 3225:Ghifar 3220:Damrah 3210:Kinana 3188:Kahlan 3178:Jurhum 3168:Judham 3153:Hamdan 3148:Bajila 3141:Zahran 3094:Ash'ar 2936: 2917: 2896: 2875: 2854: 2833: 2803: 2782: 2761: 2727: 2708: 2702:613705 2700: 2657: 2631: 2610: 2253: 2226: 2038: 1953: 1821: 1776: 1752: 1636: 1588: 1552: 1520: 1386:Quda'a 1376:. 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