531:
237:
1548:
108:
in their work, but the results of their paper were widely adapted and used with
Linnean taxonomical ranks by other authors. An example of such taxonomy follows:
2572:
2287:
83:
2339:
Dayrat B. & Tillier S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters".
2699:
2584:
636:
2123:
1898:
2567:
2282:
863:
507:
399:
71:. This classification scheme is based on the molluscs' internal and external shapes and forms, but did not take into account any analysis of their
2558:
1439:
819:
626:
365:
319:
763:
2132:
2017:
1377:
2704:
2159:
2026:
1887:
310:
185:
149:
1874:
936:
287:
741:
275:
252:
2631:
2401:
2341:
2316:
101:. Further work by Dayrat & Tillier (2002) provided a great deal of detail about the relationships between within the Euthyneura.
90:
where known, and termed "informal groups" or groups" where monophyly (a single lineage) has not yet been determined, and where
2748:
1708:
1583:
1459:
1404:
823:
2753:
2511:
2394:
2090:
2069:
1843:
1831:
1730:
1664:
1605:
1472:
1085:
1073:
973:
915:
845:
612:
570:
265:
2217:
2039:
2743:
2621:
2594:
2485:
2196:
2172:
1779:
1252:
1045:
300:
2609:
49:
consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is
2694:
2520:
2387:
2106:
1807:
1746:
1325:
608:
2539:
2314:(1997). "Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters".
2102:
1803:
1742:
1321:
1298:
1007:
2589:
2497:
1207:
1138:
2626:
2614:
2604:
2478:
2464:
1358:
1240:
1019:
802:
662:
2723:
8:
2681:
2532:
2504:
2204:
1676:
1265:
1228:
2636:
2469:
2457:
2434:
2410:
2328:
1717:
1122:
34:
82:
The classification below was the most recent until
Bouchet and Rocroi published their
51:
Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.
2675:
2490:
2353:
2311:
2225:
2192:
1433:
1389:
1248:
781:
733:
685:
589:
477:
408:
341:
279:
227:
223:
171:
30:
2349:
2324:
2184:
2009:
1855:
1791:
1688:
1525:
1513:
1505:
1493:
1381:
1286:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1126:
1102:
1031:
961:
949:
896:
712:
700:
60:
2599:
2525:
2077:
2056:
1934:
1918:
1622:
1534:
1203:
1163:
1060:
789:
773:
675:
579:
428:
381:
351:
333:
213:
138:
42:
21:
2641:
2451:
2307:
2266:
2262:
2168:
1943:
1907:
1851:
1819:
1815:
1765:
1754:
1704:
1651:
1517:
1098:
832:
798:
777:
729:
708:
696:
556:
521:
473:
390:
337:
167:
123:
105:
26:
2737:
2180:
2114:
2035:
1787:
1672:
1642:
1592:
1501:
1425:
1413:
1400:
1294:
1215:
1175:
1151:
1111:
1041:
982:
872:
750:
599:
497:
454:
442:
347:
207:
201:
177:
55:
This taxonomy assigns the various
Gastropods into ranked categories, such as
86:, which differs primarily in that the higher taxa are expressed as unranked
16:
Morphological system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks
2235:
2098:
1987:
1839:
1775:
1726:
1684:
1631:
1613:
1579:
1556:
1489:
1445:
1419:
1273:
1261:
1027:
1015:
957:
945:
759:
725:
486:
416:
162:
530:
2270:
2258:
2150:
1972:
1961:
1952:
1928:
1865:
1827:
1799:
1455:
1354:
1282:
1224:
1187:
1134:
1053:
994:
969:
928:
911:
903:
841:
647:
566:
296:
261:
2254:
2213:
2141:
2086:
2065:
2047:
2005:
1996:
1660:
1601:
1564:
which has a sinistral or left-handed shell, on the trunk of a tree, in
1480:
1368:
1317:
1308:
1155:
1081:
1003:
892:
882:
810:
658:
118:
98:
38:
2290: – System for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks
2659:
2426:
1978:
1878:
1738:
1700:
1561:
1468:
1345:
1335:
1236:
924:
458:
446:
91:
56:
97:
Ponder & Lindberg (1997) used only four families to analyze the
2250:
1565:
1069:
854:
543:
535:
241:
46:
2379:
1569:
236:
68:
539:
64:
1547:
87:
76:
72:
2288:
Taxonomy of the
Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
2374:Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca
2283:Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet et al., 2017)
104:Ponder & Lindberg (1997) did not use Linnean
2735:
2395:
63:, but does not address the classification of
2402:
2388:
2370:Gastropod phylogeny—challenges for the 90s
2368:Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. (1996).
534:The shell of an archaeogastropod from the
2342:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2317:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2249:Other extant classes of the Mollusca are
1546:
529:
235:
2667:
2372:. p. 135–154. In: Taylor J. (ed.)
240:Live limpets in the intertidal zone in
94:(more than one lineage) is suspected.
2736:
1257:(has to be included in the Sacoglossa)
907:, schistosomiasis transmission vector)
2383:
1771:(freshwater pulmonates, pond snails)
2409:
13:
2376:. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
2362:
2329:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x
490:Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
14:
2765:
2705:Commonly fossilised invertebrates
1902:Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
2354:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x
793:Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
901:(Risso shells) (includes genus
2333:
2301:
1883:(= formerly Archaeopulmonata)
1:
2294:
1560:or door snails, a small land
1869:Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
828:(formerly called Heteropoda)
503:(hydrothermal vents limpets)
7:
2276:
585:(hydrothermal vent limpets)
471:Superorder "Hot Vent Taxa"
111:
10:
2770:
2749:Systems of animal taxonomy
22:taxonomy of the Gastropoda
2717:
2658:
2550:
2443:
2425:
2418:
2051:Gude & Woodward, 1921
1769:Keferstein in Bronn, 1864
1646:Willan & Morton, 1984
1635:Alder & Hancock, 1845
1626:Alder & Hancock, 1845
1064:Forbes & Hanley, 1851
867:Warén & Bouchet, 1990
836:Fretter & Patil, 1958
2754:Malacological literature
1056:(whelks, false tritions)
84:revised taxonomy in 2005
1572:
651:Cox & Knight, 1960
547:
369:Cox & Knight, 1960
245:
2231:(= Tracheopulmonata)
1550:
533:
239:
33:in 1997, is an older
2118:Albers-Martens, 1860
525:Salvini-Plawen, 1989
2205:Trigonochlamydoidea
1552:Cochlodina laminata
2744:Gastropod taxonomy
1718:Systellommatophora
1573:
1538:Kwietniewski, 1910
1409:(sea butterflies)
1123:Architectonicoidea
548:
463:(deep sea limpets)
246:
2731:
2730:
2713:
2712:
2695:Cultivated plants
2690:
2689:
2654:
2653:
2241:(= Heterurethra)
2240:
2230:
2226:Athoracophoroidea
2221:
2209:
2200:
2193:Strophocheiloidea
2188:
2176:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2127:Moellendorf, 1900
2119:
2110:
2094:
2082:
2081:Bourguignat, 1877
2073:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1923:
1912:
1903:
1892:
1882:
1870:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1795:
1783:
1770:
1759:
1750:
1734:
1722:
1712:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1647:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:
1587:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1476:
1463:
1434:Pseudothecosomata
1408:
1394:
1390:Pleurobranchoidea
1385:
1373:
1362:
1350:
1340:
1329:
1313:
1312:Von Ihering, 1876
1302:
1290:
1278:
1269:
1256:
1249:Cylindrobulloidea
1244:
1232:
1220:
1211:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1142:
1130:
1116:
1106:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1049:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
977:
965:
953:
941:
932:
919:
900:
887:
877:
868:
859:
849:
837:
827:
815:
806:
794:
785:
782:David R. Lindberg
767:
755:
746:
737:
734:David R. Lindberg
716:
704:
690:
686:Architaenioglossa
680:
666:
652:
637:Cyrtoneritomorpha
631:
616:
604:
594:
590:Pleurotomarioidea
584:
574:
562:(keyhole limpets)
561:
546:worm is attached.
526:
512:
502:
491:
481:
478:David R. Lindberg
462:
450:
433:
421:
409:Straparollinoidea
404:
395:
386:
370:
345:
342:David R. Lindberg
324:
315:
304:
292:
283:
280:David R. Lindberg
269:
257:
256:Van Ihering, 1876
231:
224:Patellogastropoda
190:
175:
172:David R. Lindberg
139:Bellerophontinaka
127:
106:taxonomical ranks
31:David R. Lindberg
2761:
2665:
2664:
2441:
2440:
2423:
2422:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2356:
2337:
2331:
2305:
2238:
2229:P. Fischer, 1883
2228:
2216:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2124:Plectopylidoidea
2117:
2101:
2089:
2080:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2012:in Turnton, 1840
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1922:A. Schmidt, 1856
1921:
1910:
1901:
1899:Trimusculiformes
1890:
1877:
1868:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1768:
1757:
1741:
1729:
1720:
1703:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1604:
1595:
1582:
1554:from the family
1537:
1528:
1526:Pneumodermatidae
1516:
1514:Notobranchaeidae
1504:
1492:
1483:
1471:
1458:
1403:
1392:
1380:
1372:P. Fischer, 1883
1371:
1357:
1348:
1339:P. Fischer, 1883
1338:
1320:
1311:
1297:
1285:
1276:
1264:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1219:P. Fischer, 1883
1218:
1206:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1137:
1125:
1115:P. Fischer, 1885
1114:
1101:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1044:
1030:
1018:
1006:
997:
988:(carrier shells)
985:
972:
960:
948:
939:
927:
914:
895:
885:
876:(Children), 1834
875:
866:
857:
844:
835:
822:
814:J. Fleming, 1822
813:
801:
792:
776:
762:
753:
745:P. Fischer, 1884
744:
728:
711:
699:
688:
678:
661:
650:
629:
611:
602:
592:
582:
569:
559:
524:
510:
500:
489:
472:
457:
445:
432:Haszprunar, 1987
431:
419:
402:
393:
384:
368:
336:
322:
313:
299:
290:
278:
264:
255:
226:
188:
166:
122:
25:, as revised by
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2709:
2686:
2650:
2546:
2513:B. integrifolia
2439:
2414:
2408:
2365:
2363:Further reading
2360:
2359:
2338:
2334:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2279:
2078:Helixarionoidea
2057:Gastrodontoidea
1935:Achatinelloidea
1919:Stylommatophora
1679:in Franc, 1968
1623:Onchidoridoidea
1535:Thliptodontidae
1529:Latreille, 1825
1204:Opisthobranchia
1164:Pyramidelloidea
1061:Cancellarioidea
998:J.E. Gray, 1853
790:Littorinimorpha
774:Hypsogastropoda
676:Caenogastropoda
580:Lepetodriloidea
429:Cocculiniformia
420:Lindström, 1884
382:Murchisonioidea
355:
352:Opisthobranchia
334:Orthogastropoda
291:Carpenter, 1857
214:Platyceratoidea
189:de Koninck 1881
128:
114:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2348:(4): 403-470.
2332:
2312:Lindberg D. R.
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2267:Monoplacophora
2263:Polyplacophora
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2234:? Superfamily
2232:
2224:? Superfamily
2222:
2210:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2169:Staffordioidea
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2095:
2083:
2074:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2002:
1993:
1991:Swainson, 1840
1984:
1971:Subinfraorder
1969:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1944:Cochlicopoidea
1940:
1927:Subinfraorder
1925:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:Trimusculoidea
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:Stimpson, 1851
1871:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1852:Siphonarioidea
1848:
1836:
1824:
1816:Glacidorboidea
1812:
1796:
1784:
1766:Basommatophora
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:Rathouisioidea
1751:
1735:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1652:Dendronotoidea
1639:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1596:FĂ©russac, 1819
1589:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1477:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1393:FĂ©russac, 1822
1386:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1270:
1258:
1245:
1233:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1131:
1099:Heterobranchia
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1057:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1012:
991:
990:
989:
986:Troschel, 1852
979:
966:
954:
942:
940:Troschel, 1863
933:
921:
908:
889:
879:
869:
864:Laubierinoidea
860:
851:
838:
833:Cingulopsoidea
829:
816:
807:
799:Calyptraeoidea
786:
770:
769:
768:
756:
754:Douvillé, 1904
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:(terrestrials)
709:Cyclophoroidea
705:
697:Ampullarioidea
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
644:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
605:
596:
593:Swainson, 1840
586:
576:
563:
557:Fissurelloidea
522:Vetigastropoda
518:
517:
516:
515:
514:
513:
508:Peltospiroidea
504:
469:
468:
467:
466:
465:
464:
451:
425:
424:
423:
422:
413:
412:
411:
405:
400:Lophospiroidea
396:
391:Loxonematoidea
387:
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
325:
307:
306:
305:
293:
272:
271:
270:
234:
233:
232:(true limpets)
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
210:
204:
158:
157:
146:
113:
110:
67:or individual
27:Winston Ponder
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2766:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Invertebrates
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2323:(2): 83-265.
2322:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:Streptaxoidea
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:Pilsbry, 1895
2161:
2157:
2154:Pilsbry, 1893
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2136:Pilsbry, 1894
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2115:Orthalicoidea
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:Clausilioidea
2033:
2030:Pilsbry, 1895
2028:
2024:
2021:Clessin, 1879
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1982:Pilsbry, 1895
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1956:Pilsbry, 1900
1954:
1950:
1947:Pilsbry, 1900
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:(land snails)
1920:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:Amphiboloidea
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:Sarasin, 1889
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:Pilsbry, 1948
1719:
1715:
1714:
1713:(pulmonates)
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:Metarminoidea
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:Cladobranchia
1640:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:Anthobranchia
1590:
1588:(nudibranchs)
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:Laginiopsidae
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:(sea angels)
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:Peraclidoidea
1437:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:Cavolinioidea
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:Euthecosomata
1411:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:Pilsbry, 1893
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:Ringiculoidea
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:Pilsbry, 1895
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:Cephalaspidea
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:Milne-Edwards
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Rissoelloidea
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Omalogyroidea
1149:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1112:Heterostropha
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1042:Neogastropoda
1039:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
983:Xenophoroidea
980:
978:(worm shells)
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:(true conchs)
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
898:
894:
890:
888:(moon shells)
884:
880:
878:(periwinkles)
874:
873:Littorinoidea
870:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
843:
839:
834:
830:
825:
821:
820:Carinarioidea
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
765:
761:
757:
752:
751:Campaniloidea
748:
747:
743:
739:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
692:
691:
687:
683:
682:
681:
677:
664:
660:
656:
655:
654:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
633:
632:
628:
627:Neritaemorphi
614:
610:
606:
603:Verrill, 1884
601:
600:Seguenzioidea
597:
595:(slit shells)
591:
587:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:Fleming, 1822
558:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
523:
509:
505:
499:
498:Neomphaloidea
495:
494:
493:
492:
488:
484:
483:
482:
479:
475:
460:
456:
455:Lepetelloidea
452:
448:
444:
443:Cocculinoidea
440:
439:
438:
437:
436:
435:
434:
430:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
397:
392:
388:
383:
379:
378:
377:
376:
374:
367:
366:Murchisoniina
363:
362:
361:
360:
359:
358:Incertæ sedis
353:
349:
348:Prosobranchia
343:
339:
335:
321:
320:Lepetopsoidea
317:
316:
312:
308:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
284:
281:
277:
273:
267:
263:
259:
258:
254:
250:
249:
248:
247:
243:
238:
229:
225:
221:
215:
211:
209:
208:Euomphaloidea
205:
203:
202:Macluritoidea
199:
198:
197:
196:
194:
187:
183:
182:
181:
179:
178:Prosobranchia
173:
169:
165:
164:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:Incertæ sedis
125:
121:
120:
109:
107:
102:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:of the class
36:
32:
28:
24:
23:
2674:
2660:Polyphyletic
2643:Homo sapiens
2642:
2615:
2577:
2557:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2479:
2470:
2458:
2450:
2427:Monophyletic
2373:
2369:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2320:
2315:
2303:
2248:
2236:Succineoidea
2212:Superfamily
2203:Superfamily
2191:Superfamily
2179:Superfamily
2167:Superfamily
2158:Superfamily
2149:Superfamily
2140:Superfamily
2133:Polygyroidea
2131:Superfamily
2122:Superfamily
2113:Superfamily
2099:Oleacinoidea
2097:Superfamily
2085:Superfamily
2076:Superfamily
2064:Superfamily
2055:Superfamily
2046:Superfamily
2034:Superfamily
2025:Superfamily
2018:Buliminoidea
2016:Superfamily
2004:Superfamily
1995:Superfamily
1988:Achatinoidea
1986:Superfamily
1977:Superfamily
1965:Turton, 1831
1960:Superfamily
1951:Superfamily
1942:Superfamily
1938:Gulick, 1873
1933:Superfamily
1906:Superfamily
1886:Superfamily
1850:Superfamily
1840:Planorboidea
1838:Superfamily
1826:Superfamily
1814:Superfamily
1798:Superfamily
1786:Superfamily
1776:Acroloxoidea
1774:Superfamily
1753:Superfamily
1737:Superfamily
1727:Onchidioidea
1725:Superfamily
1685:Aeolidioidea
1683:Superfamily
1671:Superfamily
1659:Superfamily
1655:Allman, 1845
1650:Superfamily
1632:Polyceroidea
1630:Superfamily
1621:Superfamily
1614:Doridoxoidea
1612:Superfamily
1600:Superfamily
1580:Nudibranchia
1557:Clausiliidae
1555:
1551:
1490:Hydromylidae
1446:Cymbulioidea
1444:Superfamily
1438:Superfamily
1424:Superfamily
1420:Limacinoidea
1418:Superfamily
1388:Superfamily
1378:Tylodinoidea
1376:Superfamily
1353:Superfamily
1344:Superfamily
1341:(sea hares)
1316:Superfamily
1293:Superfamily
1281:Superfamily
1274:Haminoeoidea
1272:Superfamily
1262:Diaphanoidea
1260:Superfamily
1247:Superfamily
1235:Superfamily
1223:Superfamily
1186:Superfamily
1174:Superfamily
1162:Superfamily
1150:Superfamily
1144:
1133:Superfamily
1121:Superfamily
1096:
1080:Superfamily
1068:Superfamily
1059:Superfamily
1052:Superfamily
1028:Triphoroidea
1026:Superfamily
1016:Janthinoidea
1014:Superfamily
1002:Superfamily
981:Superfamily
968:Superfamily
958:Velutinoidea
956:Superfamily
946:Vanikoroidea
944:Superfamily
935:Superfamily
923:Superfamily
910:Superfamily
902:
891:Superfamily
886:Forbes, 1838
881:Superfamily
871:Superfamily
862:Superfamily
853:Superfamily
840:Superfamily
831:Superfamily
818:Superfamily
809:Superfamily
797:Superfamily
760:Cerithioidea
758:Superfamily
749:Superfamily
726:Sorbeoconcha
707:Superfamily
695:Superfamily
689:Haller, 1890
673:
657:Superfamily
640:
624:
617:(top shells)
607:Superfamily
598:Superfamily
588:Superfamily
583:McLean, 1988
578:Superfamily
565:Superfamily
555:Superfamily
519:
511:McLean, 1989
506:Superfamily
501:McLean, 1981
496:Superfamily
487:Neomphaloida
470:
453:Superfamily
441:Superfamily
426:
417:Subulitoidea
407:Superfamily
398:Superfamily
389:Superfamily
380:Superfamily
372:
357:
356:
331:
323:McLean, 1990
318:Superfamily
314:McLean, 1990
295:Superfamily
286:Superfamily
260:Superfamily
212:Superfamily
206:Superfamily
200:Superfamily
192:
163:Eogastropoda
160:
159:
153:
142:
130:
129:
116:
115:
103:
96:
81:
54:
50:
20:
18:
2632:Vertebrates
2622:Lepidoptera
2595:Brachiopoda
2564:Gastropoda
2541:Pachypodium
2486:Orchidaceae
2271:Cephalopoda
2259:Aplacophora
2160:Sagdidoidea
2151:Rhytidoidea
2145:Morse, 1864
2060:Tryon, 1866
2027:Camaenoidea
2000:Baker, 1960
1973:Sigmurethra
1962:Pupilloidea
1953:Partuloidea
1929:Orthurethra
1917:Infraorder
1911:Zilch, 1959
1897:Infraorder
1888:Melampoidea
1873:Infraorder
1866:Eupulmonata
1828:Lymnaeoidea
1800:Chilinoidea
1641:Infraorder
1617:Bergh, 1900
1591:Infraorder
1484:Costa, 1873
1456:Gymnosomata
1432:Infraorder
1412:Infraorder
1401:Thecosomata
1355:Aplysioidea
1283:Philinoidea
1225:Acteonoidea
1188:Valvatoidea
1135:Nerineoidea
1097:Superorder
1054:Buccinoidea
1040:Infraorder
995:Ptenoglossa
993:Infraorder
970:Vermetoidea
912:Stromboidea
904:Oncomelania
842:Cypraeoidea
788:Infraorder
674:Superorder
648:Neritopsina
630:Koken, 1896
625:Superorder
567:Haliotoidea
520:Superorder
427:Superorder
394:Koken, 1889
385:Koken, 1889
311:Lepetopsina
297:Nacelloidea
262:Patelloidea
186:Euomphalida
150:Mimospirina
2738:Categories
2610:Dermaptera
2605:Scorpiones
2499:Adenanthos
2295:References
2255:Scaphopoda
2239:Beck, 1837
2214:Zonitoidea
2208:Hese, 1882
2142:Punctoidea
2091:Rafinesque
2087:Limacoidea
2070:Rafinesque
2066:Helicoidea
2048:Dyakioidea
2006:Arionoidea
1997:Aillyoidea
1875:Acteophila
1844:Rafinesque
1832:Rafinesque
1731:Rafinesque
1709:Blainville
1665:Rafinesque
1661:Arminoidea
1606:Rafinesque
1602:Doridoidea
1584:Blainville
1506:Pruvot-Fol
1494:Pruvot-Fol
1481:Cliopsidae
1473:Rafinesque
1460:Blainville
1405:Blainville
1369:Notaspidea
1318:Oxynooidea
1309:Sacoglossa
1086:Rafinesque
1082:Muricoidea
1074:Rafinesque
1004:Eulimoidea
974:Rafinesque
937:Trivioidea
916:Rafinesque
893:Rissooidea
883:Naticoidea
858:Meek, 1864
846:Rafinesque
824:Blainville
811:Capuloidea
659:Neritoidea
613:Rafinesque
609:Trochoidea
575:(abalones)
571:Rafinesque
527:(limpets)
403:Wenz, 1938
332:'Subclass
288:Acmaeoidea
266:Rafinesque
244:, England.
176:(earlier:
119:Gastropoda
99:Euthyneura
57:sub-orders
39:Gastropoda
2637:Lemuridae
2627:Lucanidae
2616:Anopheles
2521:Cactaceae
2480:Narcissus
2465:Liliaceae
2308:Ponder W.
2185:J.E. Gray
2010:J.E. Gray
1979:Acavoidea
1864:Suborder
1856:J.E. Gray
1792:J.E. Gray
1764:Suborder
1739:Otinoidea
1716:Suborder
1701:Pulmonata
1689:J.E. Gray
1578:Suborder
1562:pulmonate
1518:Pelseneer
1469:Clionidae
1454:Suborder
1399:Suborder
1382:J.E. Gray
1367:Suborder
1346:Akeroidea
1336:Anaspidea
1334:Suborder
1307:Suborder
1287:J.E. Gray
1237:Bulloidea
1229:D'Orbigny
1214:Suborder
1192:J.E. Gray
1180:J.E. Gray
1168:J.E. Gray
1156:G.O. Sars
1127:J.E. Gray
1103:J.E. Gray
1032:J.E. Gray
962:J.E. Gray
950:J.E. Gray
925:Tonnoidea
897:J.E. Gray
850:(cowries)
772:Suborder
742:Discopoda
740:Suborder
713:J.E. Gray
701:J.E. Gray
679:Cox, 1960
346:(earlier
309:Suborder
276:Nacellina
274:Suborder
253:Patellina
251:Suborder
161:Subclass
92:polyphyly
2682:Diatomea
2676:Protista
2668:Protists
2590:Bivalvia
2585:Conoidea
2559:Animalia
2492:Triticum
2435:Bacteria
2411:Taxonomy
2277:See also
2251:Bivalvia
2107:A. Adams
2103:H. Adams
1808:A. Adams
1804:H. Adams
1747:A. Adams
1743:H. Adams
1566:woodland
1326:A. Adams
1322:H. Adams
1299:Philippi
1070:Conoidea
1008:Philippi
855:Ficoidea
764:FĂ©russac
544:serpulid
536:Pliocene
242:Cornwall
228:Lindberg
112:Taxonomy
61:families
47:molluscs
35:taxonomy
2724:Viruses
2600:Araneae
2551:Animals
2534:Drosera
2506:Banksia
2452:Plantae
1570:England
1533:Family
1524:Family
1512:Family
1500:Family
1488:Family
1479:Family
1467:Family
1359:Lamarck
1241:Lamarck
1020:Lamarck
803:Lamarck
663:Lamarck
69:species
2527:Citrus
2471:Tulipa
2459:Allium
2444:Plants
2413:of ...
2310:&
2220:, 1864
2199:, 1926
2197:Thiele
2187:, 1806
2175:, 1931
2173:Thiele
2109:, 1855
2105:&
2093:, 1815
2072:, 1815
2042:, 1864
1881:, 1885
1858:, 1840
1846:, 1815
1834:, 1815
1822:, 1986
1820:Ponder
1810:, 1855
1806:&
1794:, 1840
1782:, 1931
1780:Thiele
1749:, 1855
1745:&
1733:, 1815
1711:, 1814
1705:Cuvier
1699:Order
1691:, 1827
1677:Odhner
1667:, 1814
1608:, 1815
1586:, 1814
1520:, 1886
1508:, 1922
1496:, 1942
1475:, 1815
1462:, 1824
1407:, 1824
1384:, 1847
1361:, 1809
1328:, 1854
1324:&
1301:, 1853
1289:, 1850
1268:, 1914
1266:Odhner
1255:, 1931
1253:Thiele
1243:, 1801
1231:, 1835
1210:, 1848
1202:Order
1194:, 1840
1182:, 1850
1170:, 1840
1158:, 1878
1145:fossil
1141:, 1873
1139:Zittel
1129:, 1840
1110:Order
1105:, 1840
1088:, 1815
1076:, 1815
1048:, 1929
1046:Thiele
1034:, 1847
1022:, 1812
1010:, 1853
976:, 1815
964:, 1840
952:, 1840
931:, 1913
918:, 1815
899:, 1847
848:, 1815
826:, 1818
805:, 1809
784:, 1997
780:&
778:Ponder
766:, 1822
736:, 1997
732:&
730:Ponder
724:Order
715:, 1847
703:, 1824
684:Order
665:, 1809
646:Order
641:fossil
635:Order
615:, 1815
573:, 1815
540:Cyprus
485:Order
480:, 1997
476:&
474:Ponder
461:, 1882
449:, 1882
415:Grade
373:fossil
364:Order
344:, 1996
340:&
338:Ponder
303:, 1891
301:Thiele
282:, 1988
268:, 1815
230:, 1986
222:Order
193:fossil
184:Order
174:, 1996
170:&
168:Ponder
154:fossil
148:Order
143:fossil
137:Order
126:, 1797
124:Cuvier
117:Class
88:clades
65:genera
41:, the
2718:Other
2218:Mörch
2040:Mörch
929:Suter
43:class
2578:1997
2573:2005
2568:2017
2419:Life
2269:and
1879:Dall
542:. A
459:Dall
447:Dall
59:and
29:and
19:The
2350:doi
2346:135
2325:doi
2321:119
1707:in
538:of
79:.
77:RNA
75:or
73:DNA
45:of
2740::
2273:.
2265:,
2261:,
2257:,
2253:,
1568:,
375:)
350:,
195:)
180:)
2403:e
2396:t
2389:v
2352::
2327::
1147:)
1143:(
643:)
639:(
371:(
354:)
191:(
156:)
152:(
145:)
141:(
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