1190:
779:
1316:
1634: ft) high at the shoulder, and weigh between 150 and 300 kg (330 and 660 lb). Their coats are short and range in colour from reddish brown, to grey, to nearly black, with the notable exceptions of the Malayan tapir, which has a white, saddle-shaped marking on its back, and the mountain tapir, which has longer, woolly fur. All tapirs have oval, white-tipped ears, rounded, protruding rumps with stubby tails, and splayed, hooved toes, with four toes on the front feet and three on the hind feet, which help them to walk on muddy and soft ground. Baby tapirs of all types have striped-and-spotted coats for
812:
1923:
1222:
1899:
1343:
2387:
2060:. The creatures are also able to run fairly quickly, considering their size and cumbersome appearance, finding shelter in the thick undergrowth of the forest or in water. Hunting for meat and hides has substantially reduced their numbers and, more recently, habitat loss has resulted in the conservation watch-listing of all four species; the Brazilian tapir is classified as vulnerable, and Baird's tapir, the mountain tapir, and the Malayan tapir are endangered. According to 2022 study published in the
1872:
166:
1723:
1650:
1738:
1084:
1693:
1708:
4691:
1911:
1884:
1153:
1116:
907:
1948:
877:
2397:
1329:
116:
1587:
1828:, and cooling off during hot periods. Tapirs near a water source will swim, sink to the bottom, and walk along the riverbed to feed, and have been known to submerge themselves to allow small fish to pick parasites off their bulky bodies. Along with freshwater lounging, tapirs often wallow in mud pits, which helps to keep them cool and free of insects.
1831:
In the wild, the tapir's diet consists of fruit, berries, and leaves, particularly young, tender vegetation. Tapirs will spend many of their waking hours foraging along well-worn trails, snouts to the ground in search of food. Baird's tapirs have been observed to eat around 40 kg (85 lb) of
1783:
is closer to that of equids, which may differ by one less canine, than their other perissodactyl relatives, rhinoceroses. Their incisors are chisel-shaped, with the third large, conical upper incisor separated by a short gap from the considerably smaller canine. A much longer gap is found between the
2939:
Ruiz-García, Manuel; Castellanos, Armando; Bernal, Luz Agueda; Pinedo-Castro, Myreya; Kaston, Franz; Shostell, Joseph M. (2016-03-01). "Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in
Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and
2482:
Lack of genetic diversity in tapir populations has become a major source of concern for conservationists. Habitat loss has isolated already small populations of wild tapirs, putting each group in greater danger of dying out completely. Even in zoos, genetic diversity is limited; all captive mountain
1815:
Young tapirs reach sexual maturity between three and five years of age, with females maturing earlier than males. Under good conditions, a healthy female tapir can reproduce every two years; a single young, called a calf, is born after a gestation of about 13 months. The natural lifespan of a tapir
2471:(13 between karyotypes of Baird's tapir and the South American tapir, and 15 between Baird's and the mountain tapir) have also been found in the American species that are not found in the Asian animal. However, geographic proximity is not an absolute predictor of genetic similarity; for instance,
1669:
in the area. The length of the proboscis varies among species; Malayan tapirs have the longest snouts and
Brazilian tapirs have the shortest. The evolution of tapir probosces, made up almost entirely of soft tissues rather than bony internal structures, gives the Tapiridae skull a unique form in
2543:
during a supervised experience in the tapir enclosure. Dublin Zoo pleaded guilty to breaching health and safety regulations and was ordered to pay €5,000 to charity. However, such examples are rare; for the most part, tapirs are likely to avoid confrontation in favour of running from predators,
1795:
cloudiness, a condition most commonly found in
Malayan tapirs. The exact etiology is unknown, but the cloudiness may be caused by excessive exposure to light or by trauma. However, the tapir's sensitive ears and strong sense of smell help to compensate for deficiencies in vision.
1590:
1589:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1595:
2511:
The Baird's Tapir
Project of Costa Rica, begun in 1994, is the longest ongoing tapir project in the world. It involves placing radio collars on tapirs in Costa Rica's Corcovado National Park to study their social systems and habitat preferences.
2508:, strives to conserve biological diversity by stimulating, developing, and conducting practical programs to study, save, restore, and manage the four species of tapir and their remaining habitats in Central and South America and Southeast Asia.
1592:
1922:
1898:
3597:
2531:
was mauled and had an arm severed after opening the door to a female tapir's enclosure to push food inside (the tapir's two-month-old baby also occupied the cage at the time). In 2006,
2539:
and was found by a search party with a "nasty bite" from a wild tapir. In 2013, a two-year-old girl suffered stomach and arm injuries after being mauled by a South
American tapir in
2532:
746:. However, the existence of the kabomani tapir as a distinct species has been widely disputed, and recent genetic evidence further suggests that it actually is part of the species
1665:, a posture in which they raise their snouts and show their teeth to detect scents. This response is frequently exhibited by bulls sniffing for signs of other males or females in
1591:
1661:
of the tapir is a highly flexible organ, able to move in all directions, allowing the animals to grab foliage that would otherwise be out of reach. Tapirs often exhibit the
1824:
Although they frequently live in dryland forests, tapirs with access to rivers spend a good deal of time in and under water, feeding on soft vegetation, taking refuge from
4082:
2463:
The
Malayan tapir, the species most isolated geographically and genetically, has a significantly smaller number of chromosomes and has been found to share fewer
1515:
3476:
1910:
1364:
318:
3789:
4175:
1865:
may occur in or out of water. In captivity, mating pairs will often copulate several times during oestrus. Intromission lasts between 10 and 20 minutes.
3508:
2044:
Adult tapirs are large enough to have few natural predators, and the thick skin on the backs of their necks helps to protect them from threats such as
1535:
3561:
1816:
is about 25 to 30 years, both in the wild and in zoos. Apart from mothers and their young offspring, tapirs lead almost exclusively solitary lives.
1029:
around 12,000 years ago, along with most of the other large mammals of the
Americas, co-inciding with the first arrival of humans to the continent.
4069:
3963:
1039:), native to Southeast and East Asia, substantially larger than the Malayan tapir, also became extinct at some point during the Late Pleistocene.
4846:
418:
3046:"Late Pleistocene large-bodied mammalian fauna from Mocun cave in south China: Palaeontological, chronological and biogeographical implications"
3877:
Cozzuol, M. A.; Clozato, C. L.; Holanda, E. C.; Rodrigues, F. V. H. G.; Nienow, S.; De Thoisy, B.; Redondo, R. A. F.; Santos, F. C. R. (2013).
3588:
327:
3662:"A new early Eocene deperetellid tapiroid illuminates the origin of Deperetellidae and the pattern of premolar molarization in Perissodactyla"
4885:
471:
1060:
312:
3326:
4962:
3429:
4820:
4222:
2821:
4972:
4859:
4112:
Report contains accounts of wild mountain tapirs shying away from human contact at salt deposits after being hunted, and hiding.
3790:"A small tapir from the Turolian of Kreka (Bosnia) and a discussion on the biogeography and stratigraphy of the Neogene tapirs"
3534:
2993:"Juvenile Pleistocene tapir skull from Russells Reserve Cave, Bath County, Virginia: Implications for cold climate adaptations"
3354:
2783:
4877:
4133:
3544:
3413:
3219:
3192:
3165:
3138:
2753:
2670:
4864:
2527:
Tapirs are generally shy, but when scared they can defend themselves with their very powerful jaws. In 1998, a zookeeper in
2564:
Tapirs feature in the folklore of several cultures around the world. In Japan, tapirs are associated with the mythological
2062:
4011:
3094:
1904:
The undersides of the front feet (left, with four toes) and back feet (right, with three toes) of a
Malayan tapir at rest
1883:
3341:
3473:
2784:"A new early Pleistocene tapir (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from Florida, with a review of Blancan tapirs from the state"
3979:
2139:
2031:
619:
4057:
3239:
2735:
2652:
2012:
1984:
1189:
4967:
4890:
4200:
3287:
832:
4185:
2501:
A number of conservation projects have been started around the world. The Tapir
Specialist Group, a unit of the
2551:
1969:
1871:
2694:
2587:
893:
4929:
3829:"The Villafranchian perissodactyls of Italy: knowledge of the fossil record and future research perspectives"
2547:
1991:
1788:, and their cheek teeth have distinct lophs (ridges) between protocones, paracones, metacones and hypocones.
1007:, native to the southern and eastern United States (with its northernmost records being New York State), and
3512:
778:
4215:
2568:, believed to ward off nightmares. In South America, tapirs are associated with the creation of the earth.
1722:
3660:
Bai, Bin; Meng, Jin; Mao, Fang-Yuan; Zhang, Zhao-Qun; Wang, Yuan-Qing (2019-11-08). Smith, Thierry (ed.).
4872:
4768:
3732:"Tapiridae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) of the Swiss Molasse Basin during the Oligocene–Miocene transition"
2515:
The
Lowland Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative is a conservation and research organization founded by
2505:
1026:
705:
923:
692:. Tapirs were formerly present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the
4773:
3386:
1996 American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Proceedings. Nov 1996. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Pp. 1–11
1998:
1641:
Females have a single pair of mammary glands, and males have long penises relative to their body size.
689:
3621:"The distribution and conservation status of Tapirus terrestris in the South American Atlantic Forest"
165:
1707:
3731:
2894:(Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs".
1737:
515:
288:
1980:
1692:
4695:
4208:
3828:
3378:
Janssen, Donald L., DVM, Dipl ACZM, Bruce A. Rideout, DVM, PhD, Dipl ACVP, Mark E. Edwards, PhD.
2731:
2648:
2536:
1958:
1315:
3912:
Houck, M.L.; Kingswood, S.C.; Kumamoto, A.T. (2000). "Comparative cytogenetics of tapirs, genus
3405:
3397:
3272:
4916:
4711:
3495:
3128:
1965:
490:
354:
20:
3498:, Tapir Preservation Fund, Vol. 4, No. 7, July 2001. See section on study by Charles Foerster.
3316:
3209:
3182:
3155:
4911:
4903:
4851:
4354:
3957:
2864:
2708:
2601:
1460:
439:
4123:
2890:
Holanda, Elizete Celestino; Ferrero, Brenda Soledad (March 2013). "Reappraisal of the Genus
2743:
2660:
811:
4794:
4657:
4150:"Native American Indian Tapir Legends, Meaning and Symbolism from the Myths of Many Tribes"
3883:
3840:
3743:
3673:
3057:
3000:
1862:
1800:
1728:
1501:
1491:
1400:
1390:
1017:
900:
Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru.
817:
747:
727:
124:
3240:"The proboscis of tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla): a case study in novel narial anatomy"
8:
4957:
4749:
4547:
3437:
1932:, 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, about 1 million years old, alluvial deposits, Florida, US
1916:
A baby South American tapir, with spots and stripes characteristic of all juvenile tapirs
742:. In 2013, a group of researchers said they had identified a fifth species of tapir, the
4450:
3844:
3747:
3677:
3061:
3004:
2094:", a group of primitive perissodactyls that inhabited North America and Asia during the
2074:
is at risk of complete extinction as a result of anthropogenic pressures, in particular
4505:
3945:
3856:
3767:
3704:
3661:
3642:
3258:
3073:
3026:
2921:
2544:
hiding, or, if possible, submerging themselves in nearby water until a threat is gone.
2464:
2252:
1791:
Tapirs have brown eyes, often with a bluish cast to them, which has been identified as
1545:
1440:
1410:
1221:
967:
959:
955:
570:
160:
3300:
2516:
390:
4898:
4781:
4514:
4129:
3937:
3860:
3809:
3805:
3759:
3709:
3691:
3646:
3540:
3409:
3215:
3188:
3161:
3134:
3077:
3030:
3018:
2759:
2749:
2676:
2666:
2490:
2475:
preparations have revealed Malayan, Baird's and South American tapirs have identical
2270:
2142:
with their oldest records on the continent dating to around 2.6-1 million years ago.
1671:
1555:
1481:
1470:
999:
685:
494:
4149:
3949:
3771:
3353:
Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006.
3340:
Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006.
3069:
2925:
476:
4639:
4595:
4571:
4523:
4385:
4339:
3929:
3892:
3848:
3801:
3751:
3699:
3681:
3632:
3254:
3065:
3044:
Fan, Yaobin; Shao, Qingfeng; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Liao, Wei; Wang, Wei (2022-10-15).
3008:
2949:
2911:
2903:
2842:
2798:
2621:
2565:
2486:
2390:
2005:
1890:
1856:
1713:
1662:
1525:
1450:
1430:
1374:
1031:
1008:
995:
784:
735:
693:
596:
523:
404:
265:
148:
4230:
3852:
3637:
3620:
2386:
4952:
4786:
3994:
3983:
3755:
3686:
3480:
3366:
3013:
2992:
2953:
2329:
2206:
2071:
1679:
651:
399:
105:
4099:
4001:
taken by Sheryl Todd, The Tapir Gallery, web site of the Tapir Preservation Fund
1342:
4734:
4648:
4441:
4272:
4232:
4015:
3457:
2401:
1852:
1848:
1743:
1675:
1420:
882:
743:
739:
659:
655:
449:
217:
132:
3379:
2907:
2479:, while mountain tapirs are separated by a heterochromatic addition/deletion.
4946:
4666:
4562:
4315:
3813:
3763:
3695:
3330:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 169–171.
3321:
3211:
Cobble Circles and Standing Stones: Archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica
3022:
2739:
2656:
2528:
2079:
2067:
1698:
1649:
1565:
1203:
951:
912:
795:
731:
647:
537:
413:
374:
140:
69:
3897:
3878:
2802:
2763:
2680:
4538:
4478:
4432:
3941:
3713:
3121:
2999:. Late Quaternary Environments: landscapes, biota, humans. 530–531: 35–41.
2476:
2178:
1129:
1083:
667:
363:
240:
230:
3976:
2550:
wrote about an attack by a tapir in 1926, which he described in his book,
16:
Herbivorous mammal native to South and Central America, and Southeast Asia
4833:
4760:
4743:
4288:
2938:
2703:
2596:
2535:(who was then the Costa Rican Environmental Minister) became lost in the
2135:
2099:
1840:
1383:
1166:
681:
628:
552:
485:
385:
338:
44:
4487:
4345:
4176:
Taxonomic information related to Tapiridae at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
3730:
Scherler, Laureline; Becker, Damien; Berger, Jean-Pierre (2011-03-17).
2916:
2540:
2409:
2104:
2091:
1972: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1635:
1235:
1097:
983:
963:
643:
427:
349:
274:
250:
89:
54:
3933:
3562:"Atlantic Forest tapir at risk of complete extinction, scientists say"
2483:
tapirs, for example, are descended from only two founder individuals.
1152:
1115:
4838:
4807:
3315:
2991:
Graham, Russell W.; Grady, Frederick; Ryan, Timothy M. (2019-10-01).
2150:
2109:
2049:
1836:
1785:
1780:
1761:
1658:
1292:
930:
851:
839:
680:, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the
460:
177:
94:
38:
4825:
4705:
4083:"Dublin Zoo pleads guilty to safety breach in tapir attack on child"
1947:
1784:
canines and premolars, the first of which may be absent. Tapirs are
906:
876:
4812:
4728:
4266:
4260:
4254:
3827:
Cirilli, Omar; Pandolfi, Luca; Bernor, Raymond L. (December 2020).
3045:
2816:
2468:
2169:
and the three South American tapirs, and 9 Ma for the branching of
2131:
2053:
1825:
1752:
1600:
1025:, native to Western North America. These became extinct during the
962:. The tapirs have a number of extinct relatives in the superfamily
942:
934:
855:
843:
828:
197:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
3589:"Lowland tapirs at increasing risk of extinction, scientists warn"
2396:
4924:
4630:
4586:
4297:
2745:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2662:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2119:
2114:
2075:
1683:
1666:
1357:
1328:
938:
867:
859:
717:
711:
676:
663:
510:
282:
99:
74:
4403:
4394:
4379:
4248:
2472:
2467:
with the three types of American tapirs. A number of conserved
2095:
2045:
1792:
1606:
Size varies between types, but most tapirs are about 2 m (
975:
847:
802:
639:
631:
207:
187:
3876:
3238:
Witmer, Lawrence; Sampson, Scott D.; Solounias, Nikos (1999).
2493:
around 1969 and later produced a backcross second generation.
611:
4799:
4426:
4412:
4365:
4324:
2748:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 633.
2665:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 633.
2256: (South American tapir, Ecuador cluster)
2146:
2057:
1844:
1804:
979:
971:
915:(also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir)
671:
4190:
3794:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
2967:
2624:(1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals".
2290: (South American tapir, other clusters)
2126:
dispersing into Asia and North America by the late Miocene.
1686:, and a more elongated and retracted nasoincisive incisure.
115:
3357:
The Animal Diversity Web (online). Retrieved June 20, 2006.
3344:
The Animal Diversity Web (online). Retrieved June 20, 2006.
2502:
2102:. The oldest known members of the family Tapiridae such as
998:, several other species inhabited North America, including
966:. The closest extant relatives of the tapirs are the other
863:
605:
2489:
of Baird's and the South American tapirs were bred at the
2112:
of Europe. The oldest representatives of the modern genus
4195:
4036:
3290:(On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved June 20, 2006.
2145:
Approximate divergence times based on a 2013 analysis of
1751:
Tapirs have brachyodont, or low-crowned teeth, that lack
4186:
The Tapir Gallery at The Tapir Preservation Fund website
3977:
Mountain Tapir Conservation at the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo
2626:
The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review
2098:
epoch, with tapirs probably originating from the family
1937:
646:
nose trunk. Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of
4313:
4180:
4102:[Recent Observations on the Tapir Pinchaque].
3911:
3559:
3237:
3826:
3108:
620:
557:
Matthew & Granger, 1923 (currently a subgenus of
3729:
3430:"Woodland Park Zoo Animal Fact Sheet: Malayan Tapir
2404:, the woolliest and most threatened species of tapir
1682:
positioned more rostrally, a posteriorly telescoped
684:
epoch from North America after the formation of the
608:
602:
3619:Flesher, Kevin M.; Medici, Emília Patrícia (2022).
599:
3788:Made, Jan van der; Stefanovic, Ivan (2006-06-21).
3587:
3560:O'Connell-Domenech, Alejandra (January 17, 2022).
3532:
820:(also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir)
542:Goldman, 1913 (currently a synonym or subgenus of
3509:"Minimum Husbandry Standards: Tapiridae (tapirs)"
2791:Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History
805:, Central America and northwestern South America
528:Palmer, 1903 (currently a synonym or subgenus of
4944:
4070:"Interview with Carlos Manuel Rodriguez Echandi"
3207:
3187:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 125–.
3153:
3099:, Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved June 19, 2006.
3043:
2085:
4100:"Nouvelles observations sur le Tapir Pinchaque"
3659:
3395:
3180:
2990:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2130:became extinct in Europe around the end of the
4097:
3787:
3277:. Digital Morphology. Retrieved June 20, 2006.
2889:
4216:
3618:
3404:. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing. pp.
3109:Hickey, R.S. Georgina (1997). "Tapir Penis".
2781:
2134:. Tapirs dispersed into South America during
1843:, although the smaller mountain tapir of the
4128:. Texas Tech University Press. pp. 3–.
4125:Bring 'em Back Alive: The Best of Frank Buck
3962:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
3133:. Marshall Cavendish. 2001. pp. 1460–.
2770:
4121:
3451:
3214:. University of Iowa Press. pp. 181–.
3201:
3130:Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World
2940:systematics of the South American tapirs".
2519:, focused on tapir conservation in Brazil.
1644:
950:The four species are all classified on the
658:. They are one of three extant branches of
4223:
4209:
3147:
2620:
1341:
1327:
1314:
1220:
1188:
1151:
1114:
1082:
114:
3896:
3703:
3685:
3636:
3468:
3466:
3402:Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 4
3233:
3231:
3012:
2915:
2614:
2032:Learn how and when to remove this message
3879:"A new species of tapir from the Amazon"
3585:
3539:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1205–.
3526:
3313:
3174:
2822:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
2408:The species of tapir have the following
2395:
2385:
1648:
1585:
787:(also called the Central American tapir)
710:There are four widely recognized extant
123:Tapir species, from top left clockwise:
3872:
3870:
706:List of perissodactyls § Tapiridae
4945:
4628:
4058:"Woman's arm bitten off in zoo attack"
3463:
3380:"Medical Management of Captive Tapirs
3228:
3089:
3087:
2726:
2724:
2643:
2641:
2639:
1803:that ferment digested food in a large
1620: ft) long, stand about 1 m (
4710:
4709:
4204:
4037:"Baird's Tapir Project of Costa Rica"
3783:
3781:
3725:
3723:
3396:Eisenberg, J.F.; et al. (1990).
2885:
2883:
2881:
2730:
2647:
2582:
2580:
1938:Habitat, predation, and vulnerability
1581:
4930:97CB61F3-B20B-4105-85A3-79985EAB4B97
3867:
3625:Neotropical Biology and Conservation
3586:Cockburn, Harry (January 17, 2022).
3160:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 119–.
2522:
2063:Neotropical Biology and Conservation
1970:adding citations to reliable sources
1941:
1799:Tapirs have simple stomachs and are
4196:Baird's Tapir Project of Costa Rica
3355:The Basic Structure of Cheek Teeth.
3084:
2809:
2721:
2636:
1889:Adult Malayan tapir exhibiting the
13:
4072:, IUCN Tapir Specialist Group 2006
4012:"About the Tapir Specialist Group"
3778:
3736:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3720:
3286:Ballenger, L. and P. Myers. 2001.
3259:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00763.x
2878:
2687:
2577:
2118:appeared in Europe during the Mid-
1653:Tapir showing the flehmen response
989:
846:, and the Guianas in the north to
14:
4984:
4963:Extant Rupelian first appearances
4169:
3184:Nature & Culture in the Andes
2140:Great American Biotic Interchange
755:
638:. They are similar in shape to a
4690:
4689:
4476:
4056:Hughes, Jay (20 November 1998).
3536:Encyclopedia of the World's Zoos
1946:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1882:
1870:
1736:
1721:
1706:
1691:
905:
875:
810:
777:
662:(odd-toed ungulates), alongside
595:
164:
42:
4286:
4181:IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group
4142:
4115:
4091:
4075:
4063:
4050:
4029:
4004:
3988:
3970:
3905:
3820:
3653:
3612:
3600:from the original on 2022-05-26
3579:
3553:
3501:
3489:
3422:
3389:
3372:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3265:
3102:
3070:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107741
3037:
2984:
2960:
2932:
2533:Carlos Manuel Rodriguez Echandi
2496:
1957:needs additional citations for
4973:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
3922:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
2968:"All About the Terrific Tapir"
2896:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
2857:
2835:
1877:An adult Malayan tapir sitting
1779:Totaling 42 to 44 teeth, this
885:(also called the woolly tapir)
1:
4081:Tuite, Tom (14 October 2014)
3853:10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.001
3638:10.3897/neotropical.17.e71867
3474:"Face to face with big nose."
3458:Tapir | San Diego Zoo Animals
3342:The Diversity of Cheek Teeth.
2571:
2086:Evolution and natural history
1810:
4039:. Savetapirs.org. 2009-02-18
4014:. Tapirs.org. Archived from
3756:10.1080/02724634.2011.550360
3687:10.1371/journal.pone.0225045
3014:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.021
2954:10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001
2274: (mountain tapir)
2090:Tapirs originated from the "
1819:
1755:. Their dental formula is:
7:
3533:Bell, Catharine E. (2001).
3472:Morris, Dale (March 2005).
3157:Männliche Geschlechtsorgane
2559:
2506:Species Survival Commission
2381:
2333: (Baird's tapir)
2210: (Malayan tapir)
1465:Ferrero & Noriega, 2007
1379:Matthew & Granger, 1923
1027:Quaternary extinction event
714:of tapir, all in the genus
696:, around 12,000 years ago.
10:
4989:
3997:T. bairdii x T. terrestris
3806:10.1127/njgpa/240/2006/207
3314:Lydekker, Richard (1911).
3050:Quaternary Science Reviews
2082:and population isolation.
1369:Croizet & Jobert, 1828
703:
699:
690:Great American Interchange
18:
4718:
4687:
4612:
4584:
4560:
4536:
4503:
4486:
4475:
4471:
4296:
4285:
4281:
4243:
3918:Perissodactyla, Tapiridae
3436:. Zoo.org. Archived from
3400:. In Parker, S.P. (ed.).
3208:Quilter, Jeffrey (2004).
3154:Prasad, M. R. N. (1974).
2908:10.1007/s10914-012-9196-z
2326:
2319:
2285:
2267:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2203:
2196:
2108:are known from the Early
1847:is generally more active
576:
569:
301:
296:
280:
273:
161:Scientific classification
159:
122:
113:
30:
4154:www.native-languages.org
3271:Colbert, Matthew (2002)
3181:Gade, Daniel W. (1999).
2997:Quaternary International
1645:Physical characteristics
634:belonging to the family
4191:World Tapir Day website
4098:Goudot, Justin (1843).
3936:(inactive 2024-07-10).
3898:10.1644/12-MAMM-A-169.1
3327:Encyclopædia Britannica
2803:10.58782/flmnh.ezjr9001
2537:Corcovado National Park
1928:Tooth from the extinct
1832:vegetation in one day.
4968:Taxa described in 1821
4658:South American tapir (
3982:June 15, 2006, at the
3317:"Perissodactyla"
2972:Tapir Specialist Group
2782:Hulbert, R.C. (2010).
2742:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2736:"Order Perissodactyla"
2659:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2653:"Order Perissodactyla"
2451:South American tapir,
2405:
2393:
1654:
1603:
1520:Huang & Fang, 1991
454:Chang & Zhai, 1978
21:Tapir (disambiguation)
4912:Paleobiology Database
4548:Sumatran rhinoceros (
2843:"Definition of tapir"
2709:Paleobiology Database
2602:Paleobiology Database
2399:
2389:
2177:arises from within a
1652:
1598:
421:, Yan & Sun, 1991
4355:Przewalski's horse (
4235:(Odd-toed ungulates)
4122:Buck, Frank (2006).
3884:Journal of Mammalogy
3303:at Ultimate Ungulate
3301:Order Perissodactyla
2865:"Collins Dictionary"
2553:Bring 'Em Back Alive
1966:improve this article
1729:South American tapir
1670:comparison to other
1530:Schultz et al., 1975
1435:Schultz et al., 1975
1035:(formerly placed in
818:South American tapir
748:South American tapir
728:South American tapir
504:Tong & Lei, 1984
125:South American tapir
19:For other uses, see
4515:Indian rhinoceros (
4238:species by suborder
4060:. Associated Press.
3845:2020Geobi..63....1C
3748:2011JVPal..31..479S
3678:2019PLoSO..1425045B
3369:, the Tapir Gallery
3062:2022QSRv..29407741F
3005:2019QuInt.530...35G
1835:Tapirs are largely
1599:(video) A tapir at
1043:
4596:Black rhinoceros (
4572:White rhinoceros (
4524:Javan rhinoceros (
4386:African wild ass (
3479:2006-05-06 at the
3274:Tapirus terrestris
3247:Journal of Zoology
3096:Tapirus terrestris
3093:Gorog, A. (2001).
2406:
2394:
2288:T. terrestris
2253:T. terrestris
2149:sequences are 0.5
1801:hindgut fermenters
1655:
1604:
1582:General appearance
1042:
968:odd-toed ungulates
824:Tapirus terrestris
129:Tapirus terrestris
4940:
4939:
4899:Open Tree of Life
4712:Taxon identifiers
4703:
4702:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4622:
4608:
4607:
4497:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4357:E. f. przewalskii
4330:
4307:
4236:
4135:978-0-89672-582-9
3934:10.1159/000015587
3546:978-1-57958-174-9
3432:(Tapirus indicus)
3415:978-0-07-909508-4
3221:978-1-58729-484-6
3194:978-0-299-16124-8
3167:978-3-11-004974-9
3140:978-0-7614-7194-3
2942:Mammalian Biology
2845:. Merriam-Webster
2755:978-0-8018-8221-0
2707:. Gateway to the
2672:978-0-8018-8221-0
2600:. Gateway to the
2523:Attacks on humans
2491:San Francisco Zoo
2461:
2460:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2271:T. pinchaque
2042:
2041:
2034:
2016:
1930:Tapirus veroensis
1777:
1776:
1596:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1497:
1487:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1380:
1370:
948:
947:
927:
897:
889:Tapirus pinchaque
858:in the south, to
836:
799:
686:Isthmus of Panama
588:
587:
582:
562:
547:
533:
519:
505:
498:
480:
466:
455:
443:
433:
422:
408:
394:
380:
369:
358:
344:
333:
322:
269:
137:Tapirus pinchaque
4980:
4933:
4932:
4920:
4919:
4907:
4906:
4894:
4893:
4881:
4880:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4854:
4842:
4841:
4829:
4828:
4816:
4815:
4803:
4802:
4790:
4789:
4777:
4776:
4764:
4763:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4707:
4706:
4693:
4692:
4649:Mountain tapir (
4626:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4473:
4472:
4442:Mountain zebra (
4366:Domestic horse (
4329:
4328:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4283:
4282:
4234:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4095:
4089:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4008:
4002:
3992:
3986:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3928:(1–2): 110–115.
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3891:(6): 1331–1345.
3874:
3865:
3864:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3707:
3689:
3672:(11): e0225045.
3657:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3591:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3511:. Archived from
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3470:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3393:
3387:
3376:
3370:
3367:Tapirs Described
3364:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3299:Huffman, Brent.
3297:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3111:Nature Australia
3106:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3016:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2887:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2788:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2584:
2429:Mountain tapir,
2415:
2414:
2322:
2321:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2165:clade, 5 Ma for
2037:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2015:
1974:
1950:
1942:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1891:flehmen response
1886:
1874:
1857:monocular vision
1758:
1757:
1740:
1725:
1710:
1695:
1674:, with a larger
1663:flehmen response
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1597:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1464:
1461:T. mesopotamicus
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1378:
1368:
1345:
1331:
1318:
1224:
1192:
1155:
1136:N. marslandensis
1118:
1104:M. harrisonensis
1089:M. harrisonensis
1086:
1044:
1041:
1032:Tapirus augustus
996:Late Pleistocene
970:, which include
921:
909:
891:
879:
826:
814:
793:
781:
760:
759:
694:Late Pleistocene
670:. Only a single
642:, with a short,
623:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
580:
579:Elasmognathinae
556:
541:
527:
514:
503:
489:
475:
464:
453:
438:
431:
417:
403:
389:
378:
367:
353:
342:
331:
316:
264:
169:
168:
118:
104:
41:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4928:
4923:
4915:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4889:
4884:
4876:
4871:
4863:
4858:
4850:
4845:
4837:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4675:
4667:Malayan tapir (
4640:Baird's tapir (
4618:
4617:
4604:
4580:
4556:
4532:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4459:
4451:Grévy's zebra (
4322:
4321:
4319:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4292:
4277:
4239:
4233:Perissodactyla
4229:
4172:
4167:
4158:
4156:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4120:
4116:
4096:
4092:
4087:The Irish Times
4080:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3993:
3989:
3984:Wayback Machine
3975:
3971:
3955:
3954:
3910:
3906:
3875:
3868:
3825:
3821:
3786:
3779:
3728:
3721:
3658:
3654:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3594:The Independent
3584:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3481:Wayback Machine
3471:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3443:
3441:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3394:
3390:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3281:
3270:
3266:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3107:
3103:
3092:
3085:
3042:
3038:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2937:
2933:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2786:
2780:
2771:
2756:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2673:
2646:
2637:
2619:
2615:
2606:
2604:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2574:
2562:
2525:
2517:Patrícia Medici
2499:
2440:Baird's tapir,
2418:Malayan tapir,
2384:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2330:T. bairdii
2309:
2300:
2138:as part of the
2088:
2072:Atlantic Forest
2038:
2027:
2021:
2018:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1951:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1914:
1905:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1878:
1875:
1822:
1813:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1647:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1586:
1584:
1516:T. sanyuanensis
1502:T. rondoniensis
1492:T. rioplatensis
1401:T. cristatellus
1391:T. californicus
1067:E. broennimanni
992:
990:Extinct species
919:Tapirus indicus
791:Tapirus bairdii
769:Scientific name
758:
726:. They are the
708:
702:
688:as part of the
652:Central America
621:
598:
594:
565:
400:Plesiocolopirus
307:
306:
292:
286:
263:
163:
153:Tapirus bairdii
145:Tapirus indicus
109:
106:Early Oligocene
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4921:
4908:
4895:
4882:
4869:
4856:
4843:
4830:
4817:
4804:
4791:
4778:
4765:
4755:
4740:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4701:
4700:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4623:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:D. sumatrensis
4544:
4542:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4498:
4494:(Rhinoceroses)
4488:Rhinocerotidae
4484:
4483:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4433:Plains zebra (
4420:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4373:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4333:
4331:
4308:
4304:(Horse family)
4294:
4293:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4273:Laurasiatheria
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4170:External links
4168:
4166:
4165:
4141:
4134:
4114:
4104:Comptes Rendus
4090:
4074:
4062:
4049:
4028:
4003:
3987:
3969:
3904:
3866:
3819:
3800:(2): 207–240.
3777:
3742:(2): 479–496.
3719:
3652:
3611:
3578:
3552:
3545:
3525:
3500:
3488:
3462:
3450:
3421:
3414:
3388:
3371:
3359:
3346:
3333:
3322:Chisholm, Hugh
3305:
3292:
3279:
3264:
3227:
3220:
3200:
3193:
3173:
3166:
3146:
3139:
3120:
3101:
3083:
3036:
2983:
2959:
2948:(2): 163–175.
2931:
2877:
2856:
2834:
2808:
2769:
2754:
2720:
2686:
2671:
2635:
2613:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2558:
2524:
2521:
2498:
2495:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2402:mountain tapir
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2087:
2084:
2040:
2039:
1954:
1952:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1869:
1849:during the day
1821:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1744:Mountain tapir
1742:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1676:sagittal crest
1672:perissodactyls
1646:
1643:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1560:Sellards, 1918
1552:
1550:Ameghino, 1902
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1371:
1365:T. arvernensis
1352:
1334:Cope's tapir (
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1267:P. obliquidens
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1178:P. intermedius
1175:
1161:
1158:P. intermedius
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
991:
988:
946:
945:
928:
916:
910:
902:
901:
898:
886:
883:Mountain tapir
880:
872:
871:
837:
821:
815:
807:
806:
800:
788:
782:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
757:
756:Extant species
754:
744:kabomani tapir
740:mountain tapir
722:of the family
701:
698:
660:Perissodactyla
656:Southeast Asia
586:
585:
584:
583:
574:
573:
567:
566:
564:
563:
548:
534:
520:
507:
481:
467:
456:
450:Selenolophodon
445:
423:
409:
395:
381:
370:
368:Albright, 1998
359:
345:
343:Peterson, 1932
334:
323:
317:Cerdeno &
304:
303:
302:
299:
298:
294:
293:
287:
278:
277:
271:
270:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
221:
220:
218:Perissodactyla
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
156:
133:mountain tapir
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4985:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4686:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4660:T. terrestris
4656:
4654:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4563:Ceratotherium
4559:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4018:on 2009-01-25
4017:
4013:
4007:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3965:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3871:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3515:on 2016-04-16
3514:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3440:on 2006-08-29
3439:
3435:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3382:(Tapirus sp.)
3375:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3309:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2866:
2860:
2844:
2838:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2797:(3): 67–126.
2796:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:Oklahoma City
2520:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2477:X chromosomes
2474:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2453:T. terrestris
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2391:Baird's tapir
2388:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:populations.
2184:
2183:T. terrestris
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:T. terrestris
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2080:deforestation
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:lowland tapir
2065:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2036:
2033:
2025:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983: –
1982:
1978:
1977:Find sources:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1955:This section
1953:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1714:Baird's tapir
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:Malayan tapir
1694:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1602:
1570:Hulbert, 2005
1568:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1546:T. tarijensis
1543:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:Hulbert, 2010
1443:
1442:
1441:T. lundeliusi
1438:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:Simpson, 1945
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:Rusconi, 1934
1413:
1412:
1411:T. greslebini
1408:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:Merriam, 1912
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1320:Giant tapir (
1317:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:P. cetinensis
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:Plesiotapirus
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:P. helveticus
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1002:
997:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:IUCN Red List
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
920:
917:
914:
913:Malayan tapir
911:
908:
904:
903:
899:
895:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:in the West.
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
804:
801:
797:
792:
789:
786:
785:Baird's tapir
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:Distribution
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
753:
752:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:Baird's tapir
733:
732:Malayan tapir
729:
725:
721:
720:
719:
713:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
627:) are large,
626:
625:
616:
592:
578:
577:
575:
572:
568:
560:
555:
554:
549:
545:
540:
539:
535:
531:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
508:
502:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
463:
462:
457:
452:
451:
446:
441:
437:
430:
429:
424:
420:
416:
415:
414:Plesiotapirus
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
377:
376:
375:Palaeotapirus
371:
366:
365:
360:
356:
352:
351:
346:
341:
340:
335:
332:Colbert, 2006
330:
329:
324:
320:
315:
314:
309:
308:
300:
295:
290:
285:
284:
279:
276:
272:
267:
262:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:Superfamily:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:Baird's tapir
146:
142:
141:Malayan tapir
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
117:
112:
107:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
29:
26:
22:
4719:
4694:
4668:
4659:
4651:T. pinchaque
4650:
4641:
4629:
4613:
4597:
4585:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4539:Dicerorhinus
4537:
4526:R. sondaicus
4525:
4517:R. unicornis
4516:
4504:
4479:Ceratomorpha
4477:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4388:E. africanus
4387:
4378:
4376:
4367:
4356:
4347:
4346:Wild horse (
4338:
4336:
4314:
4287:
4157:. Retrieved
4153:
4144:
4124:
4117:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4086:
4077:
4065:
4052:
4041:. Retrieved
4031:
4020:. Retrieved
4016:the original
4006:
3996:
3995:Pictures of
3990:
3972:
3958:cite journal
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3888:
3882:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3797:
3793:
3739:
3735:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3593:
3581:
3569:. Retrieved
3565:
3555:
3535:
3528:
3517:. Retrieved
3513:the original
3503:
3491:
3486:. pp. 36–37.
3484:BBC Wildlife
3483:
3453:
3442:. Retrieved
3438:the original
3431:
3424:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3374:
3362:
3349:
3336:
3325:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3250:
3246:
3210:
3203:
3183:
3176:
3156:
3149:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3095:
3053:
3049:
3039:
2996:
2986:
2975:. Retrieved
2971:
2962:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2902:(1): 33–44.
2899:
2895:
2891:
2868:. Retrieved
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2794:
2790:
2744:
2740:Wilson, D.E.
2712:. Retrieved
2702:
2696:
2689:
2661:
2657:Wilson, D.E.
2629:
2625:
2616:
2605:. Retrieved
2595:
2589:
2563:
2552:
2546:
2526:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2497:Conservation
2485:
2481:
2462:
2452:
2441:
2431:T. pinchaque
2430:
2419:
2407:
2328:
2327:
2287:
2286:
2269:
2268:
2251:
2250:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2182:
2179:paraphyletic
2175:T. pinchaque
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:T. pinchaque
2162:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2089:
2061:
2043:
2028:
2022:January 2022
2019:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1976:
1964:Please help
1959:verification
1956:
1929:
1861:
1855:. They have
1834:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1798:
1790:
1778:
1750:
1656:
1640:
1605:
1564:
1556:T. veroensis
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1496:Cattoi, 1957
1490:
1482:T. polkensis
1480:
1475:Ubilla, 1983
1471:T. oliverasi
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1356:
1349:T. veroensis
1348:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:P. douvillei
1256:
1251:
1247:P. bavaricus
1246:
1242:P. aginensis
1241:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1140:
1135:
1130:Nexuotapirus
1128:
1120:
1119:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1036:
1030:
1022:californicus
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
993:
984:rhinoceroses
949:
918:
888:
823:
790:
751:
723:
716:
715:
709:
675:
668:rhinoceroses
635:
590:
589:
558:
551:
543:
536:
529:
522:
509:
500:
484:
470:
459:
448:
435:
432:Filhol, 1877
426:
412:
398:
384:
379:Filhol, 1888
373:
364:Nexuotapirus
362:
348:
337:
328:Hesperaletes
326:
311:
281:
260:
241:Ceratomorpha
231:Tapiromorpha
224:
152:
144:
136:
128:
37:33.9–0
25:
4834:iNaturalist
4744:Wikispecies
4598:D. bicornis
4427:Hippotigris
4406:E. hemionus
4368:E. caballus
4323:(including
4289:Hippomorpha
4271:Superorder
4265:Infraclass
3631:(1): 1–19.
3604:January 25,
3571:January 24,
3288:"Tapiridae"
3117:(8): 10–11.
2917:11336/18792
2817:"Tapiridae"
2704:Fossilworks
2697:Teleolophus
2597:Fossilworks
2410:chromosomal
2181:complex of
2155:T. kabomani
2136:Pleistocene
2100:Helaletidae
1841:crepuscular
1536:T. sinensis
1526:T. simpsoni
1486:Olsen, 1860
1455:Frick, 1921
1451:T. merriami
1431:T. johnsoni
1405:Winge, 1906
1384:Megatapirus
1381:- Formerly
1375:T. augustus
1322:T. augustus
1262:P. gromovae
1167:Paratapirus
1141:N. robustus
1121:N. robustus
1037:Megatapirus
994:During the
766:Common name
682:Pleistocene
629:herbivorous
553:Megatapirus
501:Pachylophus
486:Teleolophus
465:Marsh, 1877
386:Paratapirus
339:Heteraletes
4958:Tapiroidea
4947:Categories
4669:T. indicus
4642:T. bairdii
4506:Rhinoceros
4159:2022-06-19
4110:: 331–334.
4043:2009-11-02
4022:2009-11-02
3519:2009-11-02
3444:2009-11-02
3253:(3): 251.
3056:: 107741.
2977:2018-12-01
2828:2021-11-08
2714:2023-04-20
2632:: 296–310.
2622:Gray, J.E.
2607:2021-04-20
2590:Protapirus
2572:References
2548:Frank Buck
2541:Dublin Zoo
2465:homologies
2442:T. bairdii
2420:T. indicus
2207:T. indicus
2171:T. indicus
2167:T. bairdii
2105:Protapirus
2050:crocodiles
1992:newspapers
1863:Copulation
1811:Life cycle
1786:lophodonts
1773:3.1.3–4.3
1636:camouflage
1540:Owen, 1870
1304:T. validus
1277:P. simplex
1272:P. priscus
1236:Protapirus
1227:P. simplex
1098:Miotapirus
976:wild asses
964:Tapiroidea
960:Vulnerable
956:Endangered
738:, and the
704:See also:
644:prehensile
581:Gray, 1867
472:Tapiriscus
428:Protapirus
355:Schlaikjer
350:Miotapirus
275:Type genus
251:Tapiroidea
237:Suborder:
4750:Tapiridae
4720:Tapiridae
4614:Tapiridae
4453:E. grevyi
4435:E. quagga
4424:Subgenus
4397:E. asinus
4377:Subgenus
4337:Subgenus
3861:228974817
3814:0077-7749
3764:0272-4634
3696:1932-6203
3647:245870543
3078:252487193
3031:135105320
3023:1040-6182
2849:April 26,
2732:Grubb, P.
2649:Grubb, P.
2469:autosomes
2412:numbers:
2110:Oligocene
2092:tapiroids
2054:anacondas
1853:congeners
1851:than its
1837:nocturnal
1826:predators
1820:Behaviour
1781:dentition
1762:Dentition
1659:proboscis
1477:- Invalid
1421:T. haysii
1336:T. haysii
1293:Tapiravus
1061:Eotapirus
1004:veroensis
931:Indonesia
924:Desmarest
852:Argentina
840:Venezuela
724:Tapiridae
636:Tapiridae
538:Acrocodia
524:Tapirella
461:Tapiravus
313:Eotapirus
261:Tapiridae
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
4878:14100036
4758:BioLib:
4735:Q3745367
4729:Wikidata
4696:Category
4619:(Tapirs)
4574:C. simum
4444:E. zebra
4415:E. kiang
4404:Onager (
4395:Donkey (
4348:E. ferus
4267:Eutheria
4261:Mammalia
4255:Chordata
4249:Animalia
4247:Kingdom
3980:Archived
3950:21583683
3942:10894950
3839:: 1–21.
3772:73527662
3714:31703104
3666:PLOS ONE
3598:Archived
3566:The Hill
3496:TPF News
3477:Archived
3398:"Tapirs"
2926:15780542
2764:62265494
2734:(2005).
2681:62265494
2651:(2005).
2560:Folklore
2473:G-banded
2457:2n = 80
2446:2n = 80
2435:2n = 76
2424:2n = 52
2382:Genetics
2157:and the
2132:Pliocene
1768:3.1.4.3
1753:cementum
1601:Ueno Zoo
1566:T. webbi
1506:Holanda
1299:T. rarus
1210:P. yagii
1195:P. yagii
1072:E. ruber
1050:Species
1013:merriami
943:Thailand
935:Malaysia
856:Paraguay
844:Colombia
829:Linnaeus
571:Synonyms
319:Ginsburg
305:About 15
257:Family:
208:Mammalia
198:Chordata
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
108:– Recent
4925:ZooBank
4904:1068227
4631:Tapirus
4587:Diceros
4413:Kiang (
4298:Equidae
4253:Phylum
4231:Extant
3914:Tapirus
3841:Bibcode
3833:Geobios
3744:Bibcode
3705:6839866
3674:Bibcode
3406:598–620
3324:(ed.).
3058:Bibcode
3001:Bibcode
2892:Tapirus
2870:18 June
2487:Hybrids
2193:Tapirus
2128:Tapirus
2124:Tapirus
2122:, with
2120:Miocene
2115:Tapirus
2076:hunting
2070:in the
2046:jaguars
2006:scholar
1981:"Tapir"
1793:corneal
1684:cranium
1667:oestrus
1629:⁄
1615:⁄
1510:., 2011
1358:Tapirus
1019:Tapirus
1010:Tapirus
1001:Tapirus
939:Myanmar
926:, 1819)
896:, 1829)
868:Ecuador
860:Bolivia
798:, 1865)
718:Tapirus
712:species
700:Species
677:Tapirus
664:equines
632:mammals
559:Tapirus
544:Tapirus
530:Tapirus
516:Brisson
511:Tapirus
495:Granger
491:Matthew
477:Kretzoi
436:Tanyops
391:Depéret
297:Genera
289:Brisson
283:Tapirus
214:Order:
204:Class:
4953:Tapirs
4865:624915
4852:104854
4813:1TPIRF
4380:Asinus
4325:Zebras
4259:Class
4132:
3948:
3940:
3859:
3812:
3770:
3762:
3712:
3702:
3694:
3645:
3543:
3412:
3218:
3191:
3164:
3137:
3076:
3029:
3021:
2924:
2762:
2752:
2679:
2669:
2096:Eocene
2066:, the
2058:tigers
2056:, and
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1701:skull
1680:orbits
1047:Image
980:zebras
972:horses
941:, and
894:Roulin
866:, and
854:, and
848:Brazil
803:Mexico
730:, the
591:Tapirs
518:, 1762
497:, 1925
493:&
479:, 1951
442:, 1894
407:, 1989
405:Schoch
393:, 1902
357:, 1937
321:, 1988
291:, 1762
268:, 1821
147:) and
4917:43129
4847:IRMNG
4839:43351
4761:33419
4340:Equus
4316:Equus
3999:cross
3946:S2CID
3857:S2CID
3768:S2CID
3643:S2CID
3320:. In
3243:(PDF)
3074:S2CID
3027:S2CID
2922:S2CID
2787:(PDF)
2738:. In
2655:. In
2147:mtDNA
2013:JSTOR
1999:books
1845:Andes
1805:cecum
1746:skull
1731:skull
1716:skull
1508:et al
763:Photo
672:genus
648:South
440:Marsh
225:Clade
31:Tapir
4891:9799
4886:NCBI
4860:ITIS
4826:9416
4821:GBIF
4808:EPPO
4800:1668
4774:1082
4769:BOLD
4130:ISBN
3964:link
3938:PMID
3920:)".
3810:ISSN
3760:ISSN
3710:PMID
3692:ISSN
3606:2022
3573:2022
3541:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3189:ISBN
3162:ISBN
3135:ISBN
3019:ISSN
2872:2024
2851:2021
2760:OCLC
2750:ISBN
2677:OCLC
2667:ISBN
2566:Baku
2503:IUCN
2153:for
1985:news
1839:and
1657:The
1016:and
982:and
864:Peru
833:1758
796:Gill
666:and
654:and
650:and
624:-pər
266:Gray
45:PreꞒ
4873:MSW
4795:EoL
4787:GXF
4782:CoL
3930:doi
3893:doi
3849:doi
3802:doi
3798:240
3752:doi
3700:PMC
3682:doi
3633:doi
3255:doi
3251:249
3066:doi
3054:294
3009:doi
2950:doi
2912:hdl
2904:doi
2799:doi
1968:by
958:or
954:as
640:pig
622:TAY
499:(=†
434:(=†
419:Qiu
139:),
131:),
4949::
4927::
4914::
4901::
4888::
4875::
4862::
4849::
4836::
4823::
4810::
4797::
4784::
4771::
4746::
4731::
4431::
4384::
4344::
4152:.
4108:16
4106:.
4085:,
3960:}}
3956:{{
3944:.
3926:89
3924:.
3889:94
3887:.
3881:.
3869:^
3855:.
3847:.
3837:63
3835:.
3831:.
3808:.
3796:.
3792:.
3780:^
3766:.
3758:.
3750:.
3740:31
3738:.
3734:.
3722:^
3708:.
3698:.
3690:.
3680:.
3670:14
3668:.
3664:.
3641:.
3629:17
3627:.
3623:.
3596:.
3592:.
3564:.
3465:^
3408:.
3384:."
3249:.
3245:.
3230:^
3115:25
3113:.
3086:^
3072:.
3064:.
3052:.
3048:.
3025:.
3017:.
3007:.
2995:.
2970:.
2946:81
2944:.
2920:.
2910:.
2900:20
2898:.
2880:^
2819:.
2795:49
2793:.
2789:.
2772:^
2758:.
2723:^
2701:.
2675:.
2638:^
2630:15
2628:.
2594:.
2579:^
2556:.
2400:A
2173:.
2151:Ma
2078:,
2052:,
2048:,
1859:.
1807:.
1678:,
1638:.
1338:)
1324:)
986:.
978:,
974:,
937:,
933:,
862:,
850:,
842:,
831:,
734:,
674:,
612:ər
606:eɪ
506:)
444:)
227::
155:)
95:Pg
39:Ma
4671:)
4662:)
4653:)
4644:)
4600:)
4576:)
4552:)
4528:)
4519:)
4455:)
4446:)
4437:)
4417:)
4408:)
4399:)
4390:)
4370:)
4359:)
4350:)
4327:)
4224:e
4217:t
4210:v
4162:.
4138:.
4046:.
4025:.
3966:)
3952:.
3932::
3916:(
3901:.
3895::
3863:.
3851::
3843::
3816:.
3804::
3774:.
3754::
3746::
3716:.
3684::
3676::
3649:.
3635::
3608:.
3575:.
3549:.
3522:.
3460:.
3447:.
3434:"
3418:.
3312:"
3261:.
3257::
3224:.
3197:.
3170:.
3143:.
3080:.
3068::
3060::
3033:.
3011::
3003::
2980:.
2956:.
2952::
2928:.
2914::
2906::
2874:.
2853:.
2831:.
2805:.
2801::
2766:.
2717:.
2699:"
2695:"
2683:.
2610:.
2592:"
2588:"
2161:–
2035:)
2029:(
2024:)
2020:(
2010:·
2003:·
1996:·
1989:·
1962:.
1631:4
1627:1
1624:+
1622:3
1617:2
1613:1
1610:+
1608:6
922:(
892:(
835:)
827:(
794:(
750:.
615:/
609:p
603:t
600:ˈ
597:/
593:(
561:)
550:†
546:)
532:)
483:†
469:†
458:†
447:†
425:†
411:†
397:†
383:†
372:†
361:†
347:†
336:†
325:†
310:†
151:(
143:(
135:(
127:(
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:Ꞓ
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
