324:
428:
392:
141:
368:
133:
36:
1594:
character have no particular relation to the concept of "5" (neither in the character etymology nor the word etymology, which in languages using
Chinese characters are two originally-separate-but-historically-complexly-interacting things). By contrast, the character for "five", 五, which looks like it also has 5 distinct lines, has only 4 strokes when written using conventional stroke-order.)
304:
323:
1593:
This character was apparently chosen purely due to appropriateness of the physical process of writing it using the conventional stroke-order system—i.e., the physical movements of the strokes have a distinct alternation right-down-right-down-right working down the character, but the semantics of the
307:
Various ways to cluster the number 8. The first or fifth mark in each group may be written at an angle to the others for easier distinction. In the fourth example, the fifth stroke "closes out" a group of five, forming a "herringbone". In the fifth row the fifth mark crosses diagonally, forming a
391:
427:
312:
Tally marks are typically clustered in groups of five for legibility. The cluster size 5 has the advantages of (a) easy conversion into decimal for higher arithmetic operations and (b) avoiding error, as humans can far more easily
1230:
block in
Unicode version 11.0 (June 2018). Only the tally marks for the numbers 1 and 5 are encoded, and tally marks for the numbers 2, 3 and 4 are intended to be composed from sequences of tally mark 1 at the font level.
182:
in a game or sport, as no intermediate results need to be erased or discarded. However, because of the length of large numbers, tallies are not commonly used for static text. Notched sticks, known as
283:, with prime numbers probably not being understood until about 500 BC. He also writes that "no attempt has been made to explain why a tally of something should exhibit multiples of two,
367:
279:, Peter Rudman argues that the development of the concept of prime numbers could only have come about after the concept of division, which he dates to after
433:
In the dot and line (or dot-dash) tally, dots represent counts from 1 to 4, lines 5 to 8, and diagonal lines 9 and 10. This method is commonly used in
1717:
1138:
1720:(Note: The linked reference appears to actually be "Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station", Number 302, August 1916)
858:
1548:
1650:
1622:
1227:
100:
72:
1486:
691:
237:
1752:
1496:
119:
79:
252:, approximately 30,000 years ago, the bone is marked with 55 marks which may be tally marks. The head of an ivory
1798:
482:
1803:
925:
361:. In some variants, the diagonal/horizontal slash is used on its own when five or more units are added at once.
57:
1222:. However, the box tally and dot-and-dash tally characters were not accepted for encoding, and only the five
1131:
706:
86:
1051:
268:
53:
878:
1061:
68:
938:
17:
208:
date to between 35,000 and 25,000 years ago, in the form of notched bones found in the context of the
1501:
1034:
803:
1818:
1808:
1553:
1533:
1124:
451:
1114:
898:
495:
382:
46:
759:
1642:
1636:
1538:
798:
714:
1703:
1226:
tally marks (正 scheme) and two
Western tally digits were added to the Unicode Standard in the
1238:
916:
1558:
1181:
1011:
872:
865:
746:
291:
examined the
Ishango bone microscopically, and concluded that it may represent a six-month
271:, is dated to over 20,000 years old. Upon discovery, it was thought to portray a series of
195:
168:
8:
1093:
1083:
958:
909:
721:
653:
508:
469:
93:
548:
1779:
1218:
and
Daisuke Miura submitted a proposal to encode various systems of tally marks in the
1006:
596:
591:
538:
374:
288:
209:
543:
1813:
1772:
1748:
1646:
1618:
1184:
1088:
1078:
1066:
1046:
1001:
996:
932:
764:
736:
643:
576:
566:
553:
518:
513:
201:
140:
981:
1687:
1513:
1219:
1159:
991:
885:
638:
626:
571:
561:
528:
503:
145:
1523:
1177:
1155:
1103:
1073:
1016:
986:
971:
731:
699:
671:
648:
631:
490:
358:
1243:
586:
1568:
1528:
1151:
1098:
1041:
1021:
976:
849:
581:
533:
459:
292:
253:
233:
220:
160:
132:
1792:
1518:
1507:
1163:
904:
793:
726:
666:
601:
523:
410:
284:
245:
1543:
1056:
413:. 1 to 5 and so on. These are most commonly used for registering scores in
272:
260:
179:
1203:
1573:
891:
843:
833:
354:
249:
212:
205:
183:
1718:
Schenck, Carl A. (1898) Forest mensuration. The
University Press. p. 47.
1194:
The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... would be represented in this system as
828:
314:
216:
378:
287:
between 10 and 20, and some numbers that are almost multiples of 10."
1768:
1215:
838:
414:
280:
228:
1691:
35:
1223:
1188:
434:
402:
175:
164:
1187:
similar to tally marks. It is rarely used as a practical base for
823:
808:
264:
241:
1491:
1173:
813:
398:
350:
1563:
1167:
818:
780:
741:
418:
406:
1391:
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1361:
1341:
1336:
1316:
1411:
1396:
1371:
1366:
1346:
1326:
1321:
1705:
L2/16-046: Proposal to encode five ideographic tally marks
1421:
1416:
1376:
1356:
1351:
1331:
1311:
1306:
329:
Tally marks representing (from left to right) the numbers
1459:
1406:
1401:
303:
1206:
of flour; the higher number represents a higher grind.
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
1166:were derived from tally marks, as possibly was the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
200:Counting aids other than body parts appear in the
1790:
1733:Vol. I and II, Dublin: Stationery Office (1945).
1638:How Mathematics Happened: The First 50,000 Years
277:How Mathematics Happened: The First 50,000 Years
232:is a prehistoric artifact discovered in 1937 in
186:, were also historically used for this purpose.
1678:Hsieh, Hui-Kuang (1981) "Chinese tally mark",
1431:
1745:Programming Structures: Machines and programs
1426:
1132:
1471:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
1696:
1767:
1761:
1747:, vol. 1, Prentice Hall, p. 33,
1139:
1125:
1731:Corpus Inscriptionum Insularum Celticarum
178:or tallying ongoing results, such as the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1467:
302:
139:
131:
1659:
409:, and their former colonies, including
14:
1791:
1634:
1587:
1549:List of international common standards
1244:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
1771:; Miura, Daisuke (30 November 2015).
1742:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1617:, Courier Dover Publications, 2002
1198:1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111 ...
1162:for one through three (一 二 三), and
24:
1615:Numbers: their history and meaning
1487:History of writing ancient numbers
1202:Base 1 notation is widely used in
1191:due to its difficult readability.
442:
25:
1830:
1669:, Colonial Hill, Mount Kisco, NY.
1497:Australian Aboriginal enumeration
256:was excavated close to the bone.
1773:"Proposal to encode tally marks"
426:
390:
366:
322:
189:
34:
377:tally by forming the character
317:a cluster of 5 than one of 10.
45:needs additional citations for
1736:
1723:
1711:
1672:
1628:
1607:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
167:. They can be thought of as a
144:Counting using tally marks at
27:Numeral form used for counting
13:
1:
1601:
298:
1665:Marshack, Alexander (1991):
1641:. Prometheus Books. p.
1635:Rudman, Peter Strom (2007).
269:Democratic Republic of Congo
7:
1479:
136:Tally marks on a chalkboard
10:
1835:
1702:Ken Lunde, Daisuke Miura,
1463:As of Unicode version 16.0
1452:
1236:
1209:
859:Non-standard radices/bases
267:region of the present-day
193:
1680:The American Statistician
1667:The Roots of Civilization
381:, which consists of five
349:that was used in most of
148:. The number shown is 82.
1580:
1554:Paleolithic tally sticks
1534:History of communication
174:They are most useful in
1729:Macalister, R. A. S.,
1115:List of numeral systems
1799:Elementary mathematics
1539:History of mathematics
309:
236:during excavations at
149:
137:
1804:Mathematical notation
1239:Counting Rod Numerals
1228:Counting Rod Numerals
483:Hindu–Arabic numerals
306:
143:
135:
1559:Prehistoric numerals
1012:Prehistoric counting
788:Common radices/bases
470:Place-value notation
397:Tally marks used in
196:Prehistoric numerals
169:unary numeral system
54:improve this article
959:Sign-value notation
437:and related fields.
1780:Unicode Consortium
1743:Hext, Jan (1990),
615:East Asian systems
375:Chinese characters
315:correctly identify
310:
289:Alexander Marshack
150:
138:
1652:978-1-59102-477-4
1625:, pp. 41-42.
1623:978-0-486-42165-0
1502:Carpenters' marks
1477:
1476:
1185:positional system
1149:
1148:
948:
947:
202:Upper Paleolithic
130:
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122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1826:
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1783:
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1694:
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1632:
1626:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1514:Chuvash numerals
1470:
1462:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1379:
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1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1234:
1233:
1220:Unicode Standard
1160:Chinese numerals
1141:
1134:
1127:
930:
914:
896:
886:balanced ternary
883:
870:
476:
475:
447:
446:
430:
394:
370:
326:
308:"five-bar gate".
219:and in Africa's
159:, are a form of
146:Hanakapiai Beach
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1834:
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1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1819:Korean language
1809:Numeral systems
1789:
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1737:
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1697:
1692:10.2307/2683999
1677:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1633:
1629:
1613:*Graham Flegg,
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1524:Finger counting
1482:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1372:
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1347:
1342:
1337:
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1322:
1317:
1312:
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1242:
1212:
1178:notation system
1145:
1109:
1108:
1031:
1017:Proto-cuneiform
962:
961:
950:
949:
944:
943:
928:
912:
894:
881:
868:
855:
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500:
486:
485:
473:
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460:Numeral systems
445:
443:Writing systems
438:
431:
422:
395:
386:
373:Cultures using
371:
362:
359:Southern Africa
327:
301:
263:, found in the
248:. Dated to the
238:Dolní Věstonice
198:
192:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1832:
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1806:
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1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
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1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
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1571:
1569:Roman numerals
1566:
1561:
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1531:
1529:Hangman (game)
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1264:
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1200:
1199:
1152:Roman numerals
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1101:
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1059:
1049:
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1038:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
967:
966:Non-alphabetic
963:
957:
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955:
952:
951:
946:
945:
942:
941:
936:
923:
907:
902:
889:
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861:
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836:
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769:
768:
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756:
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749:
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739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
717:
715:Post-classical
710:
709:
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702:
695:
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688:
684:
683:
682:
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579:
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556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
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516:
511:
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496:Eastern Arabic
493:
491:Western Arabic
487:
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396:
389:
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372:
365:
363:
328:
321:
300:
297:
293:lunar calendar
275:. In the book
254:Venus figurine
234:Czechoslovakia
226:The so-called
221:Late Stone Age
194:Main article:
191:
188:
155:, also called
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1754:9780724809400
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1686:(3), p. 174,
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Counting rods
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1508:Cherty i rezy
1505:
1503:
1500:
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1077:
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1052:Alphasyllabic
1050:
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837:
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832:
830:
827:
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708:
705:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:Other systems
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
667:Counting rods
665:
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411:Latin America
408:
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285:prime numbers
282:
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273:prime numbers
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204:. The oldest
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190:Early history
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71: –
70:
69:"Tally marks"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
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1544:Lebombo bone
1506:
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1204:type numbers
1201:
1193:
1172:
1164:rod numerals
1150:
1026:
918:
879:Signed-digit
754:Contemporary
621:Contemporary
311:
276:
261:Ishango bone
258:
246:Karl Absolon
227:
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206:tally sticks
199:
184:tally sticks
173:
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64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1574:Tally stick
1224:ideographic
1176:arithmetic
1057:Akṣarapallī
1027:Tally marks
926:Non-integer
355:Anglosphere
250:Aurignacian
213:Aurignacian
153:Tally marks
110:August 2012
1793:Categories
1769:Lunde, Ken
1602:References
1094:Glagolitic
1067:Kaṭapayādi
1035:Alphabetic
939:Asymmetric
781:radix/base
722:Cistercian
707:Babylonian
654:Vietnamese
509:Devanagari
415:card games
299:Clustering
217:Gravettian
157:hash marks
80:newspapers
18:Tally mark
1433:𝍸
1428:𝍷
1423:𝍶
1418:𝍵
1413:𝍴
1408:𝍳
1403:𝍲
1398:𝍱
1393:𝍰
1383:𝍯
1378:𝍮
1373:𝍭
1368:𝍬
1363:𝍫
1358:𝍪
1353:𝍩
1348:𝍨
1343:𝍧
1338:𝍦
1333:𝍥
1328:𝍤
1323:𝍣
1318:𝍢
1313:𝍡
1308:𝍠
1216:Ken Lunde
1214:In 2015,
1062:Āryabhaṭa
1007:Kharosthi
899:factorial
866:Bijective
767:(Iñupiaq)
597:Sundanese
592:Mongolian
539:Malayalam
281:10,000 BC
244:, led by
229:Wolf bone
163:used for
1814:Numerals
1480:See also
1389:U+1D37x
1304:U+1D36x
1189:counting
1170:script.
1089:Georgian
1079:Cyrillic
1047:Armenian
1002:Etruscan
997:Egyptian
905:Negative
765:Kaktovik
760:Cherokee
737:Pentadic
661:Historic
644:Japanese
577:Javanese
567:Balinese
554:Dzongkha
519:Gurmukhi
514:Gujarati
452:a series
450:Part of
435:forestry
403:Portugal
210:European
176:counting
165:counting
1210:Unicode
992:Chuvash
910:Complex
700:Ancient
692:History
639:Hokkien
627:Chinese
572:Burmese
562:Tibetan
549:Kannada
529:Sinhala
504:Bengali
417:, like
383:strokes
265:Ishango
242:Moravia
161:numeral
94:scholar
1751:
1708:, 2016
1649:
1621:
1492:Abacus
1251:
1246:(PDF)
1174:Base 1
1156:Brahmi
1154:, the
1104:Hebrew
1074:Coptic
987:Brahmi
972:Aegean
929:
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882:
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732:Muisca
672:Tangut
649:Korean
632:Suzhou
544:Telugu
399:France
357:, and
353:, the
351:Europe
96:
89:
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75:
67:
1776:(PDF)
1581:Notes
1564:Quipu
1454:Notes
1182:unary
1180:is a
1168:ogham
1099:Greek
1084:Geʽez
1042:Abjad
1022:Roman
982:Aztec
977:Attic
892:Mixed
850:table
742:Quipu
727:Mayan
582:Khmer
534:Tamil
419:Truco
407:Spain
180:score
101:JSTOR
87:books
1749:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1158:and
747:Rumi
602:Thai
524:Odia
345:and
259:The
73:news
1688:doi
779:By
587:Lao
215:to
171:.
56:by
1795::
1778:.
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1682:,
1645:.
1643:64
1466:2.
1458:1.
1299:F
844:60
839:20
834:16
829:12
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454:on
405:,
401:,
341:,
337:,
333:,
295:.
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223:.
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1296:E
1293:D
1290:C
1287:B
1284:A
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1269:5
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1263:3
1260:2
1257:1
1254:0
1140:e
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1126:v
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933:φ
931:(
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