31:
991:
626:
488:
345:
605:
746:, 12 Mosquitos, of Nos 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8 Groups attacked Boulogne harbour. One Halifax was lost. A French report described the great destruction as the worst raid on Boulogne. During the raid 22 Lancasters of No. 617 squadron bombed the E-boat pens with Tallboys. Due to cloud cover ten planes returned to base with their bombs. However, the raid was considered a success as the E-boats retired to
1346:
chutes stabilized the large warhead until impact. A three-foot (91 cm) nose probe detonated the bomb at the correct stand-off distance. One of the last of the World War II Tallboy designs was dropped during a
Commando Vault mission to clear a landing zone for helicopters on a ridge during the 1969
374:
In the final design, the No. 78 Mark I tail of the bomb was about half the overall length of the finished weapon; the bomb casing was some 10 ft (3.0 m) of the overall 21 ft (6.4 m) length. Initially, the bomb had a tendency to tumble and the tail was modified; the fins were given
251:
Wallis presented his ideas for a 10-ton bomb in his 1941 paper "A Note on a Method of
Attacking the Axis Powers", which showed that a very large bomb exploding deep underground next to a target would transmit the shock into the foundations of the target, particularly since shock waves are transmitted
980:
between the aircraft catapult and the funnel, completely destroying the entire section of belt armour abreast of the bomb hit and blowing a very large hole in the ship's side and bottom, causing significant flooding and a port list to 60 degrees. A third bomb struck the ship on the port side of
382:
The weight of the
Tallboy (approximately 12,000 lb or 5,400 kg) and the high altitude required of the bombing aircraft meant that the Avro Lancasters used had to be specially adapted. Armour plating and even defensive armament were removed to reduce weight, and the bomb-bay doors had to be
2120:
The bomb was found in the Piast Canal which connects the Baltic Sea with the Oder River, and was dropped by the RAF in 1945 in an attack on the German cruiser Lutzow and had failed to detonate. The site is near the town of
Swinoujscie in northwest Poland where a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal
1336:
no longer had an aircraft that could drop the M-121, and the bombs were put in storage. Production of the T-10 ended in 1955. The B-36 was the last operational aircraft that could drop a fully assembled
Tallboy type bomb in the conventional way. During the Vietnam War, some M-121s, minus their rear
1057:
32 Lancasters and one
Mosquito of Nos 9 and 617 Squadrons attacked U-boat pens and shipping in Bergen harbour. Three Lancasters of 617 Squadron and one from 9 Squadron were lost; the Germans told the local people that 11 bombers had been shot down. A local report said that three Tallboys penetrated
975:
was sunk by three
Tallboys hits, and several others fell close by. Several bombs landed within the anti-torpedo net barrier and caused significant cratering of the seabed, removing much of the sandbank that had been constructed to prevent the ship from capsizing. One bomb penetrated the ship's deck
469:
into the sea. The value of the weapon offset the additional risk to the aircrew. Given their high unit cost, Tallboys were used exclusively against high-value strategic targets that could not be destroyed by other means. When it was found that the
Lancaster could be modified to carry a bomb larger
727:
Part of the first massive RAF daylight raid since the end of May 1943, two waves attacked E-boat facilities at Le Havre: No 1 Group first, No 3 Group second. Just before the first wave, 22 Lancasters of 617 Squadron and 3 Mosquito marker aircraft attacked, several hits were scored on the pens, one
507:
rail tunnel was the sole operational north-south route on the Loire. Nineteen
Tallboy-equipped and six conventionally equipped Lancasters of 617 Squadron attacked on the night of 8/9 June 1944. 617 Squadron were guided on to the target by 83 Squadron Pathfinder Force. This was the first use of the
438:
Tallboys were largely hand-made, requiring much labour during each manufacturing stage. The materials used were costly, with precise engineering requirements in casting and machining. To increase penetrative power, a large, specially hardened, steel plug had to be precisely machined and mated to a
1345:
weapons dropped by C-130s using radar control in order to clear a helicopter landing zone. The warheads were mounted on a platform and pulled by parachutes from the rear-loading ramp of C-130s. After clearing the aircraft, the large extraction chutes and pallets were cut away and small triangular
429:
An alternative technique was to arrange detonation depth so that the crater broke the surface—useful for attacking railway marshalling yards and similar targets. The
Tallboy produced a 100 ft (30 m) crater with depths up to 80 ft (24 m), unlike conventional bombs which would
425:
This 'earthquake' effect caused more damage than even a direct hit that penetrated the armour of a target, since even a burst inside a bunker would only damage the surroundings, with the blast dissipating rapidly through the air. An earthquake impact shook the whole target and caused structural
417:
The bomb was aimed at the target during an operation and proved capable of penetrating deep into hardened reinforced concrete when it hit. This, however, was not the primary intention of Barnes Wallis's design. The bomb was designed to make impact close to the target, penetrate the soil or rock
378:
The Tallboy was designed to be dropped from an optimal altitude of 18,000 ft (5,500 m) at a forward speed of 170 mph (270 km/h), hitting at 750 mph (1,210 km/h). It made a crater 80 ft (24 m) deep and 100 ft (30 m) across and could go through
764:
15 Lancasters of 617 Squadron attacked the U-boat pens at Brest and scored six direct hits with Tallboys, penetrating the concrete roofs. One Lancaster was shot down by flak. Subsequent attempts to reinforce other sites with even thicker concrete diverted resources from other
362:
targets) without breaking apart, the casing of the Tallboy had to be strong. Each was cast in one piece of high-tensile steel that would enable it to survive the impact before detonation. At the same time, to achieve the penetration required, Wallis designed the Tallboy to be
430:
produce many shallow craters across a target—each one of which could later be filled in rapidly with earth-moving equipment. Such a huge hole was time-consuming to fill; multiple trucks and bulldozers could not be fitted around the periphery of the hole to speed the process.
1421:
The use of any type or make of the Tallboy ended with the Vietnam War. No bombs were dropped during the Gulf War in 1991 as none were in storage for the USAF. The large bombs dropped by C-130s during the Gulf War in 1991 were of the 6,800 kg (15,000 lb) type
409:
were fitted inside the rear of the bomb. This dramatically improved reliability of the weapon; even if two of the fuzes failed, the third would trigger detonation. At least 2 Tallboys failed to explode, one during the second attack on the
1304:
The T-10 was an American-made version of the 12,000 lb (5,443 kg) Tallboy modified to use standard American components. Development was started in late 1944 and plans were made to drop them on the island strongholds of the
390:(SABS). Corrections had to be made for temperature, wind speed and other factors. The sight was effective only if the target could be clearly identified. Several missions were cancelled or unsuccessful because of this limitation.
414:; it was found during repairs in late 1958 when the reservoir was emptied, and a second was found in Świnoujście in Poland (formerly Swinemünde) in 2020. This second bomb detonated in October 2020 while being remotely defused.
2072:
1181:
was attacked by 617 Squadron. Despite intense flak, 15 aircraft managed to bomb the target with Tallboys or with 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs. One near miss with a Tallboy tore a large hole in the bottom of the
401:
after a pre-set delay, which gave the bomb sufficient time to penetrate the target before exploding. Depending on mission requirements, the time delay could be set to 30 seconds or 30 minutes after impact.
508:
Tallboy bomb, and the line was destroyed—one Tallboy bored through the hillside and exploded in the tunnel about 60 ft (18 m) below, completely blocking it. No aircraft were lost during the raid.
941:
was rendered unseaworthy, and the damage was assessed as needing nine months' worth of work to repair, but this was considered unfeasible, so the battleship was relegated to a floating artillery battery.
1350:
in Vietnam. Dropping from 3,000 m (10,000 ft), the bomb hit exactly where it was needed. The Commando Vault missions were more accurate in bomb delivery on target than the more modern B-52s.
1399:"Medium capacity" refers to the ratio of bomb case to explosive filling; in the case of the Tallboy, this was less than 50 per cent explosive by weight, in contrast to "high capacity" bombs like the
891:
Target of the original Dambusters raid survived a second attack by 9 Squadron (617 Squadron did not participate in this raid). The Tallboy bombs were seen to hit the dam but did not breach it.
341:) had very thin skins to maximize the weight of explosive that a bomber could carry. This was an improvement on the early part of the war when the explosive content of British bombs was low.
266:
The design and production of Tallboy was undertaken without a contract on the initiative of the Ministry, following Wallis' 1942 paper "Spherical Bomb—Surface Torpedo" and the design of the "
1018:) was attacked to prevent it being used to flood the area as American troops advanced. The lip of the dam was damaged, but the Germans prevented further damage by lowering the water level.
301:
on 8–9 June 1944, when bombs passed straight through the hill and exploded inside the tunnel 60 ft (18 m) below the surface (stopping Panzer reinforcements reaching Normandy).
877:
The dam waters could have been kept in reserve to flood the area of a US advance. The Dambusters destroyed the lock gates with Tallboys dropped at low level, releasing the stored water.
259:" of 50 long tons (51 t), which would fly at 320 mph (510 km/h) at 45,000 ft (14,000 m) to carry the heavy bomb over 4,000 mi (6,400 km), but the
551:
The target was a V-2 assembly and launch site linked with the Watten site. Several Tallboy hits undermined the foundations but did not penetrate the dome. The bunker was abandoned.
1274:
In December 1958, a Tallboy was found during renovation works on the Sorpe Dam, Germany. On 6 January 1959, the bomb was defused by a German and British crew of demining officers.
538:
The nearest Tallboy dropped by 617 Squadron landed 50 yd (46 m) from the target, a heavily fortified V-2 launch site under construction The bunker was rendered useless.
2079:
458:
be poured over the Torpex filling, followed by sealing the base with a 4 in (100 mm) layer of woodmeal-wax composite with three cylindrical recesses fitted with the
1116:. The Arnsberg viaduct withstood the attack but 100 m (330 ft) of the Bielefeld viaduct collapsed through the 'earthquake effect' of the Grand Slams and Tallboys.
454:
filling was poured by hand into the base of the upturned casing after melting it in "kettles". The final stage of explosive filling required that a one-inch layer of pure
1093:
36 Lancasters of No 5 Group attacked U-boat pens at IJmuiden (9 Squadron) and Poortershaven (617 Squadron) with Tallboys. Hits were claimed on both targets without loss.
929:. The blast wrecked the bow, and left the battleship's forward compartments flooded with 2,000 tons of water. The explosions of several other Tallboys in the water near
3354:
808:
1511:
1245:
was attacked with a mixed force that included six Lancasters of 617 Squadron dropping their last Tallboys. The bombing appeared to be accurate and effective.
375:
a slight twist so that the bomb spun as it fell. The gyroscopic effect thus generated stopped the pitching and yawing, improving aerodynamics and accuracy.
3205:
2688:
3364:
3146:
2654:
1488:
1186:
and she settled to the bottom in shallow water. One Lancaster was shot down, the Squadron's last loss of the war. One of the bombs remained sunk near
2755:
1198:
in September 2019. Operations to defuse and remove it were undertaken in October 2020. It exploded during defusing, but without causing any injuries.
994:
The 11-foot thick (3.4 m) concrete roof of submarine bunker "Fink II" in Hamburg, after having been penetrated by a Tallboy in early April 1945
956:
Due to cloud coming in just before the attack, 32 bombs were dropped "blind". No direct hits were scored but one near miss bent a propeller shaft.
608:
1080:
1212:
969 aircraft: 617 Lancasters, 332 Halifaxes and 20 Mosquitos of all groups bombed the naval base, airfield and town "almost into crater-pitted
1309:
to aid in softening their defences before amphibious assaults. No bombs were used operationally since the capitulation of Japan following the
2640:
2524:
2411:
750:
on the Dutch coast, where they were better protected but less able to interfere with Allied naval traffic supporting the Normandy invasion.
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2429:
1987:
1965:
1947:
1932:
1905:
1866:
1776:
1713:
1581:
1561:
860:
447:
to ensure optimum aerodynamic performance. This was no easy task when manipulating a bomb casing with the size and weight of a Tallboy.
2750:
1629:
2107:
1310:
3198:
2681:
2881:
1296:
operation, but there were no reported injuries to divers nor any damage to the port infrastructure from the underwater explosion.
1162:
was attacked by RAF bombers equipped with Tallboys when she was docked in Kiel. 5 Tallboys hit her and she capsized in the harbor.
2760:
639:
243:
heavy bomber. It proved to be effective against large, fortified structures where conventional bombing had proved ineffective.
2343:
1999:
2821:
2614:
2571:
2549:
2507:
2314:
2278:
2221:
2192:
668:– three Lancasters managed to drop Tallboys (one caused the dome to shift out of alignment, two others blocked the entrance).
1756:
687:
646:
found galleries blocked with earth and debris where Tallboys had hit one of the shafts. The V-weapon was revealed to be the
2831:
2371:
1672:
3349:
3191:
2674:
1037:
793:
The planned Tallboy mission against the U-boat pens was cancelled. Instead Keroman Submarine Base was the primary target.
697:'s Lancaster at 3,700 m (12,000 ft) was hit by a 'friendly' Tallboy dropped from 5,500 m (18,000 ft).
3157:
2836:
2816:
591:
roof of the caves used as storage depots. Aircraft from No 5 Group followed up with 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs.
465:
Tallboys were not considered expendable, and if not used on a raid were to be brought back to base rather than safely
2826:
2333:
2296:
2260:
2242:
2714:
387:
714:
stationed in France. U-boat docks were protected against conventional aerial bombardment by thick concrete roofs.
418:
beneath or around the target, and then detonate, transferring all of its energy into the structure, or creating a
2806:
2765:
1446:
1029:
617 Squadron attacked E-boat pens with Tallboys. A smokescreen hindered the bombing, and the results went unseen.
1288:
3141:
1072:-metre thick (11 ft) roof of the pens and caused severe damage to workshops, offices and stores inside".
3054:
1262:, was designed to be able to carry a bomb load that could include a load of two Tallboys internally, or one
532:
393:
For use on underground targets, the bomb was fitted with three separate inertia No. 58 Mark I Tail Pistols (
2781:
2791:
2950:
2841:
584:
278:. The RAF therefore used bombs which they had not purchased and which therefore remained the property of
3295:
3183:
3232:
3164:
2873:
1171:
2801:
1322:
317:
309:
30:
2666:
3136:
1347:
3214:
3059:
1333:
903:
The German battleship Tirpitz was a threat against convoys sailing to and from the Soviet Union.
630:
620:
573:
282:
the manufacturer. This situation was normalised once the weapon’s capabilities were established.
3359:
2966:
2786:
2719:
2635:
2232:
1194:
for 74 years, unearthed during the preparatory works for deepening of the Świnoujście-Szczecin
3237:
2930:
643:
580:
492:
779:
Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson dropped one Tallboy, bomb failed to penetrate base.
3258:
3151:
2915:
2910:
2729:
2645:
1637:
1195:
934:
743:
559:
271:
83:
990:
981:
turret Caesar, eventually leading to a magazine explosion that caused the ship to capsize.
8:
2857:
1259:
964:
322:
773:
3171:
2986:
2945:
2905:
2865:
2796:
2532:
2515:
910:
865:
838:
496:
286:
275:
200:, built from No. 30 Pistol (impact detonation) or No. 47 time delay fuze inserted into
79:
1286:
and scheduled for defusing. The bomb had been dropped in the April 1945 attack on the
3326:
3115:
3011:
2981:
2610:
2586:
2567:
2545:
2399:
2329:
2310:
2292:
2274:
2256:
2238:
2217:
2188:
1380:
1263:
1142:
1113:
949:
694:
459:
368:
352:
204:
693:
Both ends of the railway tunnel were collapsed by Tallboys dropped by 617 Squadron.
625:
3311:
3120:
3105:
3064:
3039:
3023:
2996:
2976:
2940:
2900:
2352:
1400:
1283:
1235:
1187:
1085:
736:
338:
334:
233:
2630:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3069:
3001:
2925:
2437:
2045:
2019:
1450:
1354:
518:
471:
455:
239:
At 5 long tons (5.1 t), it could be carried only by a modified model of the
229:
221:
48:
462:
and into which three chemical time-fuses were inserted when the bomb was armed.
2991:
2935:
2920:
2811:
2379:
1370:
1318:
565:
Lancasters of 617 Squadron scored three direct hits with Tallboys without loss.
256:
240:
1112:
The viaducts were attacked by 617 and 9 squadrons with Tallboys and the first
3343:
3316:
3044:
3018:
2745:
2566:. Fortress 72. illustrated by Hugh Johnson and Chris Taylor. Oxford: Osprey.
2559:
2403:
2133:
1375:
1317:. During the Korean War a number of T-10s were converted to the radio-guided
1242:
1216:". Three Halifaxes were lost; the islands were evacuated the following night.
758:
525:
weapons. Tallboys were used by the British to destroy several missile sites.
267:
225:
108:
466:
394:
298:
3218:
2590:
2417:
1358:
1329:
1314:
1293:
364:
305:
260:
93:
852:
During the night attack 617 Squadron scored six direct hits with Tallboys.
706:
Shipping in the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean were threatened by
3242:
3213:
3049:
2971:
2709:
1512:"Biggest World War Two bomb found in Poland explodes while being defused"
1337:
streamlined shrouds and tail fin assemblies, were shipped to Vietnam for
1279:
1191:
487:
444:
263:
opposed a single-bomb aircraft, and the idea was not pursued after 1942.
1651:
367:
so that, when dropped from a great height, it would reach a much higher
344:
1206:
1127:
Arnsberg viaduct was attacked again by 9 Squadron. It did not collapse.
926:
922:
801:
658:
647:
579:
617 Squadron used seventeen Lancasters with Tallboys, supported by one
545:
522:
398:
290:
36:
2001:
Jedna z największych bomb II wojny światowej odnaleziona w Świnoujściu
1443:
846:
3290:
2724:
2696:
2364:
as holders of the copyright on the Operational Record Book (Page 507)
2108:"Navy begins defusing biggest World War II bomb ever found in Poland"
1313:
negated their need. In the late 1950s the T-10 was re-designated the
1213:
1101:
977:
885:
842:
588:
419:
411:
1292:, a German cruiser. In October 2020, the Tallboy detonated during a
976:
between turrets Anton and Bruno but failed to explode. A second hit
2394:
McGowan, Sam (USAF-ret.) (October 1988), "Mission Commando Vault",
1255:
1105:
1011:
819:
747:
721:
35:
RAF ground crew handling the Tallboy that was later dropped on the
2328:, Pen & Sword Military Classics, pp. 208, 218, 237, 252,
1403:, in which up to three-quarters of their weight was the explosive.
1306:
1135:
1015:
925:
and hull, and exploded in the water on the starboard side of her
787:
711:
279:
118:
2134:"Poland's largest WW2 bomb explodes during attempt to defuse it"
638:
Attack on V-weapon targets. Damage was unknown at the time, and
1423:
1412:
The B-52 bomb bay lacked the length required to load a Tallboy.
1342:
1338:
1145:. Some of the bombs hit their target and no aircraft were lost.
1051:
999:
707:
679:
One Tallboy hit the target but did not penetrate the structure.
504:
451:
359:
201:
173:
2607:
The Dambusters: An Operational History of Barnes Wallis' Bombs
1844:
633:
from Allied air attacks, including attacks with Tallboy bombs.
517:
Crossbow was the code name for measures to counter the German
2187:. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. p. 144 photograph.
2006:
One of the largest bombs of World War II found in Świnoujście
1910:
1353:
Work still progressed on the 43,000 lb (20,000 kg)
871:
440:
3274:
2361:
1992:
1227:
36 Lancasters used Tallboy bombs against coastal positions.
406:
197:
2307:
Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II
2020:"Polish divers tackle massive British WW2 bomb in Baltic"
1871:
1586:
294:
2164:
1834:
1832:
1805:
1652:"World War II German hardened A4/V2 rocket launch sites"
664:
16 Lancasters, led by a Mosquito and a Mustang, bombed
1793:
1610:
1598:
1341:
missions where the warheads were incorporated into the
2413:
Big & Bouncy: The Special Weapons of Barnes Wallis
2152:
1817:
1829:
1781:
426:
damage to all parts of it, making repair uneconomic.
422:(cavern or crater) into which the target would fall.
285:
Accomplishments of the Tallboy included 24 June 1944
2641:
Article about the defusing of the unexploded Tallboy
2345:
617 Squadron – The Operational Record Book 1943–1945
2046:"'Earthquake' bomb explodes during defusing attempt"
1691:
1530:
2583:
The German Northern Theater of Operations 1940–1945
1469:
1278:In September 2019, a Tallboy bomb was found in the
701:
252:through the ground more strongly than through air.
1883:
470:than the Tallboy, Wallis produced the even larger
405:To guarantee detonation, three Type 47 long delay
2697:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
2255:, Yorkshire: The Emfield Press, pp. 68, 84,
2185:Magnesium overcast: the story of the Convair B-36
2182:
3341:
2655:"Huge Bomb Drills Into Target Before Exploding."
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1325:to destroy railroad bridges and reservoir dams.
3355:World War II aerial bombs of the United Kingdom
224:developed by the British aeronautical engineer
2636:A picture of a Lancaster carrying a Grand Slam
2585:, US Government Printing Office, p. 311,
2544:. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited.
2309:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2073:"Der größte Blindgänger wird heute entschärft"
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1665:
321:, was sunk by an air attack using Tallboys in
3199:
2682:
2305:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985).
1970:
1957:
1955:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1748:
1746:
985:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1328:After the Korean War ended and the B-29 and
937:. Five men were killed and fifteen wounded.
2609:(e-book ed.). Stroud: Amberley Books.
2304:
1850:
1718:
1644:
3206:
3192:
3147:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
2689:
2675:
2522:
2372:"Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson"
1952:
1937:
1922:
1895:
1856:
1823:
1761:
1743:
1703:
1241:Hitler's vacation home, the Berghof, near
829:
29:
3365:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
2505:
2427:
2230:
2102:
2100:
1983:
1961:
1943:
1928:
1901:
1862:
1811:
1772:
1752:
1709:
1604:
1577:
1566:
1557:
1542:
1464:
1311:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
933:also buckled some of her hull plates and
333:Most large Allied, particularly British,
2539:
1799:
1509:
1460:
1458:
1141:617 Squadron attacked with Tallboys and
1014:, (30 mi (48 km) southwest of
989:
624:
609:Bomb damage at Mimoyecques V-Weapon Site
486:
343:
293:which undermined the foundations of the
2393:
2286:
2250:
2170:
2158:
1592:
1444:Bombs Weapons Rockets Aircraft Ordnance
39:V-weapon site at Wizernes, France, 1944
3342:
2604:
2580:
2558:
2409:
2369:
2323:
2253:The Battle of the V-Weapons, 1944–1945
2211:
2097:
1889:
1838:
1787:
1737:
1616:
1536:
1269:
358:To be able to penetrate the earth (or
3187:
3142:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
2670:
2416:, SirBarnesWallis com, archived from
2341:
2268:
1916:
1877:
1697:
1475:
1455:
1439:
1437:
1282:in northwest Poland near the town of
512:
386:No. 617 Squadron were trained on the
379:16 ft (4.9 m) of concrete.
218:Bomb, Medium Capacity, 12,000 lb
144:Approx 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)
3137:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
2237:, Space 36, New York: Apogee Books,
1489:"Neutralization of the Tallboy bomb"
1299:
917:One Tallboy hit near the bow of the
499:aircraft in October or November 1944
491:Six Tallboy bombs in a bomb dump at
439:recess in the nose of the bomb. The
2802:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
1673:"Flight Lieutenant William Reid VC"
1630:"The Raids on Wizernes Rocket Base"
895:
482:
299:Tallboy attack on the Saumur tunnel
13:
3158:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
2598:
1510:Morrison, Sean (14 October 2020).
1434:
742:297 aircraft: 155 Lancasters, 130
14:
3376:
2624:
2291:, Salamander Books, p. 119,
1002:pens, December 1944 – April 1945
521:("buzz bomb" or "doodlebug") and
2787:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
2070:
1357:, which could be carried by the
702:Sorties against German dockyards
603:
587:, in an attempt to collapse the
433:
388:Stabilizing Automatic Bomb Sight
2715:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
2581:Ziemke, Earl Frederick (1960),
2529:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2512:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2434:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2430:"Bomber Command Campaign Diary"
2176:
2126:
2110:. CNN. Reuters. 13 October 2020
2078:. abendblatt.de. Archived from
2064:
2038:
2012:
1622:
1415:
1406:
1266:plus assorted smaller weapons.
1190:in the middle of main shipping
1025:– IJmuiden on the Dutch coast,
371:than traditional bomb designs.
2508:"Saumur Tunnel, 9th June 1944"
2273:, Jonathan Cape, p. 297,
2008:], Onet, 20 September 2019
1503:
1481:
1393:
351:earthquake bomb on trailer at
125:
1:
2720:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
2564:German V-Weapon Sites 1943–45
2378:, AeroVenture, archived from
2289:Rockets & Guided Missiles
2204:
477:
184:5,200 lb (2,400 kg)
2660:, February 1945, p. 49.
2506:RAF staff (24 August 2004),
2360:Acknowledgement is given to
2324:Harris, Sir Arthur (2005) ,
1006:8 December, 11 December 1944
7:
2730:Casablanca directive (1943)
2525:"Tirpitz, November 12 1944"
2523:RAF staff (6 April 2005b),
1364:
1323:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses
971:In the final operation the
825:Iveson dropped one Tallboy.
71:8 June 1944 – 25 April 1945
10:
3381:
3350:Anti-fortification weapons
2807:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
2751:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
2542:Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast
2428:RAF staff (6 April 2005),
2342:Jones, Tobin, ed. (2002),
2271:One Day in a Very Long War
2183:Dennis R. Jenkins (2008).
1332:bombers were retired, the
1249:
986:December 1944 – April 1945
246:
207:in the rear of the casing.
3304:
3283:
3267:
3251:
3225:
3129:
3078:
3032:
2959:
2893:
2850:
2797:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
2774:
2738:
2702:
2605:Flower, Stephen (2013) .
1321:bomb and were dropped by
728:bomb penetrated the roof.
602:
597:
495:prior to being loaded on
328:
188:
180:
169:
164:
156:
148:
140:
135:
124:
114:
104:
99:
89:
75:
67:
62:
55:Place of origin
54:
44:
28:
21:
3121:Light Night Strike Force
2422:last update 13 July 2009
2251:Collier, Basil (1976) ,
2231:Brickhill, Paul (1951),
2212:Bishop, Patrick (2012).
1919:, pp. 507–508, 532.
1386:
1348:Battle of Hamburger Hill
2540:Sweetman, John (2004).
1851:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1334:United States Air Force
830:September–November 1944
631:Fortress of Mimoyecques
160:38 in (97 cm)
152:21 ft (6.4 m)
16:Type of earthquake bomb
2761:Sir Archibald Sinclair
2746:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
2725:Dehousing paper (1942)
2287:Gunston, Bill (1979),
1449:30 August 2005 at the
995:
921:, passing through the
634:
500:
355:
297:assembly bunker and a
2906:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
2792:U-boat pens (1943–44)
2782:Oil targets (1940-45)
2410:Murray, Iain (2005),
993:
628:
493:Bardney, Lincolnshire
490:
365:aerodynamically clean
347:
255:Wallis designed the "
3259:Hispano-Suiza HS.404
3217:aircraft weapons of
3215:British Commonwealth
3152:Defence of the Reich
2646:Hamburger Abendblatt
2518:on 29 September 2004
2370:Keable, Jim (2008),
2358:on 6 December 2010,
2269:Ellis, John (1998),
1880:, pp. 507, 524.
1152:– pocket battleship
835:23/24 September 1944
811:dropped one Tallboy.
644:allied ground forces
574:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
560:Siracourt V-1 bunker
443:had to be perfectly
84:No. 617 Squadron RAF
3055:Intruder operations
2869:("Dambusters" raid)
2631:Barnes Wallis Trust
2420:on 5 October 2012,
2121:was opened in 2016.
1853:, pp. 272–273.
1270:Unexploded ordnance
1260:Handley Page Victor
1123:– Arnsberg viaduct
965:Operation Catechism
397:). These triggered
323:Operation Catechism
181:Filling weight
3172:Target for Tonight
2756:Sir Charles Portal
2710:Butt Report (1941)
2498:April and May 1945
1988:April and May 1945
1679:. 29 November 2001
1595:, pp. 68, 84.
996:
911:Operation Paravane
839:Dortmund-Ems Canal
807:Flight Lieutenant
635:
513:Operation Crossbow
501:
497:No. 9 Squadron RAF
460:explosive boosters
356:
313:-class battleships
287:Operation Crossbow
276:Operation Chastise
100:Production history
80:No. 9 Squadron RAF
3335:
3334:
3181:
3180:
3116:No. 100 Group RAF
2861:(Friedrichshafen)
2658:Popular Mechanics
2616:978-1-4456-1828-9
2573:978-1-84603-247-9
2560:Zaloga, Steven J.
2551:978-0-7509-3755-9
2316:978-0-87021-101-0
2280:978-0-224-04244-4
2223:978-0-00-731924-4
2194:978-1-58007-129-1
2173:, pp. 64–68.
2140:. 14 October 2020
2052:. 13 October 2020
2026:. 12 October 2020
1640:on 9 August 2013.
1619:, pp. 14–16.
1401:Blockbuster bombs
1300:United States use
1079:– IJmuiden &
950:Operation Obviate
907:15 September 1944
688:Rilly La Montagne
640:efforts continued
614:
613:
395:firing mechanisms
369:terminal velocity
339:blockbuster bombs
232:(RAF) during the
211:
210:
3372:
3312:Blockbuster bomb
3296:Molins 6-pounder
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3106:No. 6 Group RCAF
3040:Area bombardment
3024:Target indicator
2997:Blockbuster bomb
2812:Transport (1944)
2691:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2651:
2620:
2593:
2577:
2555:
2536:
2531:, archived from
2519:
2514:, archived from
2441:
2436:, archived from
2424:
2406:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2382:on 14 April 2008
2376:AeroVenture News
2366:
2357:
2351:, archived from
2350:
2338:
2326:Bomber Offensive
2320:
2301:
2283:
2265:
2247:
2227:
2199:
2198:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1770:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1636:. Archived from
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1564:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1516:Evening Standard
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1441:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1254:The last of the
1169:– heavy cruiser
1089:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1034:21 December 1944
1023:15 December 1944
961:12 November 1944
869:
737:Boulogne harbour
642:. In September,
607:
606:
595:
594:
483:June–August 1944
337:aircraft bombs (
335:Second World War
304:The last of the
234:Second World War
228:and used by the
127:
33:
24:
19:
18:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3300:
3279:
3263:
3247:
3221:
3212:
3182:
3177:
3125:
3111:No. 8 Group RAF
3101:No. 5 Group RAF
3096:No. 4 Group RAF
3091:No. 3 Group RAF
3086:No. 1 Group RAF
3074:
3070:Shuttle bombing
3028:
3002:Earthquake bomb
2955:
2889:
2846:
2770:
2734:
2698:
2695:
2664:
2649:
2627:
2617:
2601:
2599:Further reading
2596:
2574:
2552:
2502:
2385:
2383:
2355:
2348:
2336:
2317:
2299:
2281:
2263:
2245:
2234:The Dam-busters
2224:
2216:. HarperPress.
2207:
2202:
2195:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2085:on 14 July 2014
2082:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1953:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1824:RAF staff 2005b
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1762:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1700:, pp. 254.
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1576:
1567:
1556:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1451:Wayback Machine
1442:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1367:
1355:T-12 Cloudmaker
1302:
1275:
1272:
1252:
1083:
1077:3 February 1945
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1048:12 January 1945
988:
946:29 October 1944
901:
882:15 October 1944
863:
832:
704:
604:
519:V-1 flying bomb
515:
485:
480:
472:Grand Slam bomb
436:
331:
249:
230:Royal Air Force
222:earthquake bomb
193:
191:
165:
68:In service
63:Service history
49:Earthquake bomb
40:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3333:
3332:
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3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
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3287:
3285:
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3271:
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3265:
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3261:
3255:
3253:
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3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3165:Into the Storm
3161:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
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3073:
3072:
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3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
2999:
2994:
2992:"Monica" radar
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
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2819:
2814:
2809:
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2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2652:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2625:External links
2623:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2578:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2537:
2535:on 6 July 2007
2520:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:September 1944
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2440:on 6 July 2007
2425:
2407:
2391:
2367:
2339:
2334:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2297:
2284:
2279:
2266:
2261:
2248:
2243:
2228:
2222:
2214:Target Tirpitz
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2175:
2163:
2161:, p. 119.
2151:
2125:
2096:
2063:
2037:
2011:
1991:
1984:RAF staff 2005
1969:
1962:RAF staff 2005
1951:
1944:RAF staff 2005
1936:
1929:RAF staff 2005
1921:
1909:
1902:RAF staff 2005
1894:
1882:
1870:
1863:RAF staff 2005
1855:
1843:
1841:, p. 311.
1828:
1816:
1814:, p. 225.
1812:Brickhill 1951
1804:
1802:, p. 121.
1792:
1790:, p. 339.
1780:
1773:RAF staff 2005
1760:
1757:September 1944
1753:RAF staff 2005
1742:
1717:
1710:RAF staff 2005
1702:
1690:
1664:
1643:
1634:The Dambusters
1621:
1609:
1605:Brickhill 1951
1597:
1585:
1578:RAF staff 2005
1565:
1558:RAF staff 2005
1541:
1539:, p. 237.
1529:
1502:
1480:
1478:, p. 297.
1468:
1465:RAF staff 2004
1454:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1414:
1405:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:ASM-A-1 Tarzon
1366:
1363:
1339:Commando Vault
1301:
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1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1229:
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1164:
1163:
1160:Admiral Scheer
1154:Admiral Scheer
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1128:
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984:
983:
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857:7 October 1944
854:
853:
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827:
826:
816:28 August 1944
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629:Damage to the
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598:External image
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543:24 June 1944 –
540:
539:
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327:
257:Victory Bomber
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136:Specifications
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58:United Kingdom
56:
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51:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3377:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Barnes Wallis
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Bouncing bomb
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
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3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
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3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:.303 Browning
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
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3209:
3204:
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3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
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3102:
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3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Master Bomber
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Bomber stream
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Bouncing bomb
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
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2980:
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2773:
2767:
2766:Arthur Tedder
2764:
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2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:February 1945
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:December 1944
2476:
2474:
2473:November 1944
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2439:
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2431:
2426:
2423:
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2415:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:1-84415-210-3
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2298:0-517-26870-1
2294:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2262:0-7057-0070-4
2258:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2244:0-330-37644-6
2240:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1948:February 1945
1945:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1906:December 1944
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1800:Sweetman 2004
1796:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1607:, p. 67.
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Bunker buster
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
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1276:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1244:
1243:Berchtesgaden
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:25 April 1945
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:– Heligoland
1222:
1221:19 April 1945
1215:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:18 April 1945
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:16 April 1945
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:15 March 1945
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:14 March 1945
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1081:Poortershaven
1078:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1043:617 Squadron.
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
992:
979:
974:
970:
969:
968:
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962:
955:
954:
953:
951:
947:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:
914:
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904:
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889:
888:
887:
883:
876:
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873:
867:
862:
858:
851:
850:
849:
848:
844:
840:
836:
824:
823:
822:
821:
817:
810:
809:Thomas Iveson
806:
805:
804:
803:
799:
798:8 August 1944
792:
791:
790:
789:
785:
784:7 August 1944
778:
777:
776:
775:
771:
770:6 August 1944
763:
762:
761:
760:
756:
755:5 August 1944
749:
745:
741:
740:
739:
738:
734:
726:
725:
724:
723:
719:
715:
713:
709:
696:
692:
691:
690:
689:
685:
678:
677:
676:
674:
667:
663:
662:
661:
660:
656:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
632:
627:
623:
622:
618:
610:
601:
596:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:
576:
575:
571:
564:
563:
562:
561:
557:
550:
549:
548:
547:
544:
537:
536:
535:
534:
530:
526:
524:
520:
506:
503:
502:
498:
494:
489:
475:
473:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
434:Manufacturing
431:
427:
423:
421:
415:
413:
408:
403:
400:
396:
391:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
361:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
336:
326:
324:
320:
319:
314:
312:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:bouncing bomb
264:
262:
258:
253:
244:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:Barnes Wallis
223:
219:
215:
206:
203:
199:
195:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
109:Barnes Wallis
107:
103:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
3337:
3321:
3243:.50 Browning
3226:Machine guns
3219:World War II
3170:
3163:
3156:
3006:
2885:(PeenemĂĽnde)
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2663:
2657:
2644:
2606:
2582:
2563:
2541:
2533:the original
2528:
2516:the original
2511:
2483:January 1945
2468:October 1944
2438:the original
2433:
2421:
2418:the original
2412:
2395:
2384:, retrieved
2380:the original
2375:
2359:
2353:the original
2344:
2325:
2306:
2288:
2270:
2252:
2233:
2213:
2184:
2178:
2171:McGowan 1988
2166:
2159:Gunston 1979
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2119:
2112:. Retrieved
2087:. Retrieved
2080:the original
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2023:
2014:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1939:
1933:January 1945
1924:
1912:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1867:October 1944
1858:
1846:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1777:October 1944
1705:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1676:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1646:
1638:the original
1633:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1593:Collier 1976
1588:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1483:
1471:
1417:
1408:
1395:
1359:Convair B-36
1352:
1327:
1303:
1294:deflagration
1287:
1277:
1273:
1253:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1202:
1201:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1150:9 April 1945
1149:
1148:
1132:9 April 1945
1131:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1097:
1096:
1076:
1075:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1005:
1004:
997:
972:
960:
959:
945:
944:
938:
930:
918:
906:
905:
902:
897:
881:
880:
856:
855:
834:
833:
815:
814:
797:
796:
783:
782:
769:
768:
754:
753:
733:15 June 1944
732:
731:
718:14 June 1944
717:
716:
705:
695:William Reid
684:31 July 1944
683:
682:
673:27 July 1944
672:
671:
665:
655:17 July 1944
654:
653:
616:
615:
569:
568:
556:25 June 1944
555:
554:
542:
541:
529:19 June 1944
528:
527:
516:
464:
449:
437:
428:
424:
416:
404:
392:
385:
381:
377:
373:
357:
348:
332:
316:
310:
306:Kriegsmarine
303:
284:
265:
261:Air Ministry
254:
250:
238:
217:
213:
212:
115:Manufacturer
94:World War II
76:Used by
3065:Pathfinders
3050:Firebombing
2650:(in German)
2458:August 1944
2386:24 February
1890:Murray 2005
1839:Ziemke 1960
1788:Bishop 2012
1738:Keable 2008
1714:August 1944
1683:17 February
1657:17 February
1617:Zaloga 2008
1537:Harris 2005
1491:(in Polish)
1284:Świnoujście
1280:Piast Canal
1192:Piast Canal
1188:Świnoujście
1143:Grand Slams
1114:Grand Slams
1084: [
998:Bombing of
864: [
845:, north of
621:Mimoyecques
617:6 July 1944
570:4 July 1944
445:symmetrical
272:Dam Busters
128: built
3344:Categories
3327:Grand Slam
3284:Heavy guns
3012:Grand Slam
2960:Technology
2946:Wellington
2926:Manchester
2851:Operations
2493:March 1945
2396:Air Combat
2205:References
2144:15 October
2114:14 October
2089:29 January
2056:14 October
2030:14 October
1966:March 1945
1917:Jones 2002
1878:Jones 2002
1698:Jones 2002
1522:14 October
1495:12 October
1476:Ellis 1998
1381:Grand Slam
1264:Grand Slam
1214:moonscapes
1207:Heligoland
802:La Pallice
648:V-3 cannon
523:V-2 rocket
478:Operations
467:jettisoned
399:detonation
353:Brooklands
291:La Coupole
289:attack on
270:" for the
190:Detonation
37:La Coupole
3291:Vickers S
3238:Vickers K
2972:H2S radar
2921:Lancaster
2875:Hurricane
2859:Bellicose
2842:The Hague
2832:Pforzheim
2822:Heilbronn
2775:Campaigns
2703:Overviews
2453:July 1944
2448:June 1944
2404:0044-6955
2398:: 64–68,
1677:Telegraph
1582:July 1944
1562:June 1944
1256:V bombers
1108:viaducts
1102:Bielefeld
978:amidships
935:bulkheads
896:Raids on
886:Sorpe dam
870:north of
861:Kembs Dam
843:Ladbergen
765:projects.
744:Halifaxes
675:– Watten
589:limestone
420:camouflet
412:Sorpe dam
383:adapted.
360:fortified
192:mechanism
3130:See also
2936:Stirling
2931:Mosquito
2901:Blenheim
2894:Aircraft
2867:Chastise
2562:(2008).
2138:BBC News
2050:BBC News
2024:BBC News
1518:. London
1447:Archived
1365:See also
1106:Arnsberg
1012:Urft Dam
923:foredeck
820:IJmuiden
748:IJmuiden
722:Le Havre
666:Wizernes
659:Wizernes
583:and one
581:Mosquito
546:Wizernes
311:Bismarck
205:boosters
157:Diameter
105:Designer
23:Tallboy
3322:Tallboy
3268:Rockets
3033:Tactics
3007:Tallboy
2951:Whitley
2941:Ventura
2916:Hampden
2911:Halifax
2837:Dresden
2817:Hamburg
2739:Leaders
2643:in the
2591:1249014
1307:Pacific
1250:Postwar
1236:Berghof
1196:fairway
1136:Hamburg
1067:⁄
1016:Cologne
973:Tirpitz
939:Tirpitz
931:Tirpitz
919:Tirpitz
898:Tirpitz
847:MĂĽnster
788:Lorient
774:Keroman
712:E-boats
708:U-boats
585:Mustang
349:Tallboy
318:Tirpitz
280:Vickers
247:History
220:was an
214:Tallboy
196:No. 58
170:Filling
119:Vickers
3252:Cannon
2982:"Oboe"
2877:(1944)
2827:Kassel
2613:
2589:
2570:
2548:
2402:
2332:
2313:
2295:
2277:
2259:
2241:
2220:
2191:
1424:BLU-82
1343:BLU-82
1319:Tarzon
1289:LĂĽtzow
1258:, the
1184:LĂĽtzow
1179:LĂĽtzow
1172:LĂĽtzow
1052:Bergen
1038:Politz
1000:U-boat
533:Watten
505:Saumur
452:Torpex
329:Design
315:, the
202:tetryl
174:Torpex
149:Length
3305:Bombs
3079:Units
2987:Gee-H
2967:Chaff
2883:Hydra
2356:(PDF)
2349:(PDF)
2083:(PDF)
2076:(PDF)
2071:w.e.
2004:[
1387:Notes
1315:M-121
1088:]
872:Basel
868:]
841:near
759:Brest
441:ogive
407:fuzes
3275:RP-3
2611:ISBN
2587:OCLC
2568:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2400:ISSN
2388:2008
2362:HMSO
2330:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2293:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2146:2020
2116:2020
2091:2023
2058:2020
2032:2020
1685:2008
1659:2008
1524:2020
1497:2020
1330:B-36
1104:and
1058:the
710:and
450:The
198:fuze
141:Mass
90:Wars
45:Type
2977:Gee
1361:A.
963:– (
948:– (
927:bow
909:– (
456:TNT
308:'s
295:V-2
274:of
216:or
131:854
126:No.
3346::
2527:,
2510:,
2432:,
2374:,
2136:.
2118:.
2099:^
2048:.
2022:.
1986:,
1972:^
1964:,
1954:^
1946:,
1931:,
1904:,
1865:,
1831:^
1775:,
1763:^
1755:,
1745:^
1720:^
1712:,
1675:.
1632:.
1580:,
1568:^
1560:,
1544:^
1514:.
1457:^
1436:^
1234:–
1205:–
1134:–
1100:–
1086:nl
1050:–
1036:–
967:)
952:)
913:)
884:–
866:de
859:–
837:–
818:–
800:–
786:–
772:–
757:–
735:–
720:–
686:–
657:–
619:–
572:–
558:–
531:–
474:.
325:.
236:.
176:D1
82:,
3207:e
3200:t
3193:v
2690:e
2683:t
2676:v
2619:.
2576:.
2554:.
2319:.
2226:.
2197:.
2148:.
2093:.
2060:.
2034:.
1892:.
1826:.
1740:.
1687:.
1661:.
1526:.
1499:.
1426:.
1069:2
1065:1
1062:+
1060:3
650:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
