247:, the capital of Senegal, found that "the large majority of child beggars (90%) are talibés". UNICEF has estimated there to be between 50,000 and 100,000 begging talibés in Senegal. A 2010 report suggests that the number of talibés is on the rise. Other researchers, however, warn that "estimates on the numbers of street children rest upon largely elastic and nebulous definitions." Indeed, there are no official statistics to substantiate these claims. Others respond that the rise of Arabic-maderas is causing the number of talibés to decline.
206:
27:
3883:
395:
3895:
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2822:
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184:. The number of rural daaras declined during the latter half of the 20th century in favour of Arab-styled medersas (madrasa). Medersas grew in popularity as they enabled farmers to keep their children working outside of school hours, provided a secular and Quaranic education, and exposed children to fewer hardships. During this time many daaras moved to the cities.
218:. The prevalence of almsgiving in Senegalese society has made child begging profitable in cities. In the 1970s, some urban daaras ran seasonally, allowing for marabouts to return to their villages for the harvest. However, it became more economically viable for urban daaras to remain open all year round:
250:
HRW has warned that the social status enjoyed by marabouts has emboldened "those responsible for the proliferation of forced child begging and other abuses committed by the marabouts against talibé children." Perry cautiously agrees that "reverence of marabouts and respect for the talibé institution
155:
Many theories exist to explain the motivations of parents to send their children to a daara. These include; de facto fostering because of financial difficulties; securing a better future for the child by building a relationship with the Muslim brotherhood to which the marabout belongs, and; preparing
402:
Talibés are seldom provided with necessities such as basic shelter and food. Some are punished for failing to meeting their quotas by being refused entry into the daara. This forces the child to sustain even longer hours begging, or to sleep on the streets. Hundreds of talibés are estimated to flee
337:
In some daaras, an older, senior talibé, or assistant marabout will be responsible for punishing younger talibés who fail to return their daily quota, or are late returning. In other cases, a marabout might not supervise the children living in the daara, leaving the senior talibés to steal from the
299:
statistics show that just under 30 percent of
Senegal's population lives on less than 593 CFA (US$ 1.25) per day, and over 55 percent live on less than 949 CFA (US$ 2.00). This highlights the difficulty talibés have in meeting the quotas requested by marabouts. In addition to financial quotas, some
294:
Recent studies show that talibés average just less than 8 hours per day, every day, begging. The exact sums that a talibé must yield each day vary between daaras. A survey of 175 talibes revealed that the average sum demanded by a marabout is 373 CFA (US$ 0.79), rising to 445 CFA (US$ 0.94) on holy
191:
launched a five-year operation to raise awareness about talibés, and sought to work alongside marabouts to improve talibes’ living conditions. In 1997, this work was picked up on an ad hoc basis by NGOs. These agencies sought to avoid the shortcomings of UNICEF's model which supplied marabouts with
410:
Living conditions in urban daaras are often characterised by malnourishment, lack of clothing and footwear, exposure to illnesses, and poor medical treatment. In many cases, talibés are still required to beg while ill and to pay for their own treatment. Urban daaras are often sites of overcrowding
258:, reported in December 2019 the overlooked abuse, exploitation and neglect of thousands of talibé children at traditional Quranic schools. The Senegalese government was accused of neglecting and not doing enough to tackle the widespread and chronic abuse faced by children at the religious schools.
933:
Convention
Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO No. 182), 2133 United Nations Treaty Series 161, entered into force 19 November 2000, arts 1(a), (d); International Labour Organization Committee of Experts on the Application of
373:
Little research has been done on the extent of sexual abuse of talibés. HRW, however, noted several of instances of rape in daaras by older talibés, or assistant marabouts. Other instances of rape were reported to have taken place outside of the daara against children living on the street who had
261:
The CRC creates rights to adequate living standards for children, with regard to the means of the primary caregivers, as well as the means of the state to support the primary caregivers. HRW argues that states, parents and marabouts are in breach of CRC in failing to oversee the adequate housing,
235:
The practice of marabouts taking on talibés is seldom subject to state regulation, making it easier for abuse of this relationship to occur. The
Senegalese government has recently created state-regulated daaras in order to reduce abuses. However, urban daaras with resident talibés form the most
360:
It has been reported by the
Senegalese non-governmental organisation XALAAT, a leading institution that works to confront the issue in this country, that while the subject being very controversial, in some communities there are conclusive evidences that ill-treatment has always been very common
213:
Begging used to be characterised by the talibé asking for food to supplement the daara's supplies when it could not sustain its own demands from the harvests provided by the marabout's fields. The increasing number of daaras in urban settings has stemmed the traditional forms of support that
350:
State authorities…know or have reasonable grounds to believe that acts of torture or ill-treatment are being committed by…private actors and they fail to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish such…private actors consistently with the
Convention, the State bears
269:
Forced begging; HRW argues that this exposes talibés to considerable dangers. HRW documented cases of talibés dying in car accidents while trying to beg on the streets. The exposure to dangerous work, HRW argues, not only threatens the physical and mental security of talibés, but their
849:
United
Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, “General Comment No. 8: The Right of the Child to Protection from Corporal Punishment and Other Cruel or Degrading Forms of Punishment (arts. 19; 28, para. 2; and 37, inter alia),” UN Doc. CRC/C/GC/8 (2007), accessed 5 May 2014 at
151:
The views on talibés in
Senegalese society are diverse. Some individuals, ethnic groups and religious denominations promote the raising of talibés while others reject the practice. Among those who support it there is a range of views of the best way to manage a daara.
239:
Some marabouts, instead of teaching their talibés about the Quran, exploit them for labour, typically through forced begging on the streets. The nature of this exploitation exposes such talibés to disease, injury, death, physical abuse and sexual abuse.
147:
The talibé's relationship with his marabout is one of “devotion and strict obedience.” The marabout provides “guidance, protection, and intercession” for the talibé. A talibé's allegiance to his marabout is expressed through economic support or tithes.
156:
the child for a career as a marabout. Donna L. Perry disagrees with those who portray parents of talibés as “ignorant traditionalists or economic victims,” and marabouts as being “warped by the stresses of modernity.” Based on interviews with
987:
United
Nations Committee against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, “General Comment No. 2, Implementation of Article 2 by States Parties,” UN Doc. CAT/C/GC/2 (2008), para. 18, accessed 5 May 2014 at
164:
values on child-rearing, rather than a response to “rampant population growth, intensified poverty, and neoliberal policy.” The framing of the plight of talibés in socio-economic terms is, according to Perry, an intentional strategy of
386:. Article 3(c) of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol includes in the definition of ‘trafficking in persons,’ the “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation.”
934:
Conventions and
Recommendations, Individual Observation concerning Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, International Labour Conference 102/III(1A) (No. 182), “Senegal,” 2013, p 390, accessed 5 May 2014 at
356:
Given the punishments used against talibés, such as stress positions and chaining, HRW argues that this construction of the
Convention indicates that instances of torture are occurring against talibés.
192:
resources which were not always used for the benefit of talibés. Instead, these humanitarian groups worked directly with talibés. Talibés continue to be a topic of discourse in Senegalese society.
322:. That convention states that receiving a child “with a view to the exploitation of the child or young person or of his labour,” is a practice akin to slavery which is subject to the convention.
1084:
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime (Trafficking Protocol)
365:. Additionally, this ngo is arguing to have efficiently brought practitioners in this field to connect together the different clusters that have until now ignored while considering the problem.
1618:
223:
Over time, the marabouts started to stay in the cities…Why return to the village, where they had to work the land for long hours, when a child comes daily with money, sugar, and rice?
1665:
1661:
351:
responsibility and its officials should be considered as authors, complicit or otherwise responsible under the Convention for consenting to or acquiescing in such impermissible acts.
1657:
2727:
382:
Given the ILO's views on forced begging, HRW has argued that marabouts, when transporting talibés with the primary intention of obtaining labour from them, are engaging in
1940:
1517:
1648:
956:
United Nations “Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery,” adopted September 7, 1956, 226
1159:
506:, p 4, 17, 21; Donna L. Perry “Muslim Child Disciples, Global Civil Society, and Children's Rights in Senegal: The Discourses of Strategic Structuralism” (2004) 77:1
1644:
1635:
1626:
1622:
411:
and poor sanitation, and many lack running water. The poor structures which are sometimes converted into daaras leave the resident boys exposed to the elements.
374:
fled from violence at their daara. These cases were recorded in interviews with talibés who witnessed the abuse, or with social workers assisting the victims.
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2150:
1592:
1362:
319:
314:
Some NGOs argue that, where a marabout acquires custody over a talibé in order to force the child to beg, this meets the definition of a practice ‘akin to
311:. This is because, its opinion, forced begging is akin to slavery, and because the labour exposes children to a plethora of dangers to their wellbeing.
3143:
2063:
548:
Donna L. Perry “Muslim Child Disciples, Global Civil Society, and Children's Rights in Senegal: The Discourses of Strategic Structuralism” (2004) 77:1
279:
Education; HRW argues that, where a child's education is almost entirely neglected due to copious hours of begging, this may amount to a breach of CRC.
2799:
345:
only applies where the actions are carried out by a state official. However, the committee which oversees that treaty issued an opinion stating that:
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3342:
3315:
3131:
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3109:
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Talibés are sometime required by their marabouts to meet a quota of money or basic foods. Failure to meet that quota can result in physical abuse.
276:; physical punishments in schools has been described by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, as a type of violence which CRC seeks to stop.
3268:
3244:
3182:
3080:
2947:
2401:
471:
3374:
2937:
1152:
232:“are the same. There is just one difference: the urban talibe’s ‘farm’ is the urban street, and ‘crop’ he harvests is cash, and not peanuts.”
2784:
1507:
2611:
2423:
1347:
935:
3038:
2722:
2438:
1945:
1878:
3124:
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2140:
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3347:
3155:
3148:
3136:
3021:
3009:
2695:
1367:
1145:
342:
3256:
3016:
2838:
2053:
229:
3483:
2396:
1761:
1749:
1708:
2316:
2145:
2038:
1284:
308:
2843:
2700:
334:(HRW) documented boys exhibiting scars and welts, usually resulting from the application of electric cables, clubs and canes.
2082:
407:
in urban areas. The fear of punishments for not meeting the marabouts demands also increases instances of thefts by talibés.
725:(Translation from the original French: « La grande majorité des enfants mendiants (90 %) sont des talibés »).
2369:
2102:
822:
1456 (1989), adopted 20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990, ratified by Senegal July 31, 1990, arts 24, 27.
2349:
1861:
3261:
3187:
3097:
476:
581:
Begging for Change: Research findings and recommendations on forced child begging in Albania/Greece, India and Senegal
3944:
2354:
2043:
1382:
304:
722:
228:
Perry warns that the above view can imply that only urban daaras exploit talibés. She contends that urban and rural
2604:
2564:
1950:
1721:
2413:
2190:
2135:
789:
3335:
3273:
3249:
3085:
3063:
2992:
2980:
3664:
1793:
1788:
1674:
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Leisure; where a marabout denies talibés leisure time, this may breach the child's right “to rest and leisure.”
2155:
1422:
912:
3954:
1532:
1522:
1327:
519:
Ed van Hoven “The Nation Turbaned? The Construction of Nationalist Muslim Identities in Senegal” (2000) 3
2597:
2175:
1871:
1701:
1537:
1427:
1357:
1035:
1010:
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1909:
1866:
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1482:
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1407:
1342:
1277:
1168:
936:
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_205472.pdf
307:(ILO) has opined that the practice of exploiting talibés for labour also falls within the ambit of the
2433:
2239:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1894:
1823:
1744:
1472:
3407:
2459:
2229:
2165:
2068:
1997:
1835:
1818:
1572:
1547:
1397:
1392:
1372:
1337:
1322:
139:
can be used in a wider context, “for instance to denote a militant adherent of a political party.”
2224:
2219:
2109:
1904:
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383:
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1914:
1899:
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1567:
1562:
1502:
1457:
1417:
1312:
1293:
60:
20:
2058:
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1432:
1412:
1402:
1377:
1317:
1270:
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3969:
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3603:
3048:
2821:
1808:
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1352:
1251:
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farmers, she contends that the popularity of raising talibés remains essentially linked to
681:(Centre de Recherches sur L’histoire d’art et la Culture Islamiques, Istanbul, 1985), 270.
8:
3505:
2244:
2234:
2160:
2033:
2028:
1928:
1830:
1813:
1756:
500:
Off the Backs of the Children: Forced Begging and Other Abuses against Talibés in Senegal
273:
251:
may be a dominant ideology, but it is not now, nor ever was, totalising or uncontested".
72:
2418:
2311:
2291:
2249:
2214:
2170:
2097:
1778:
1206:
331:
255:
181:
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Sexual abuse; CRC requires states to take steps to protect children from sexual abuse.
3959:
3923:
3724:
3583:
3204:
2712:
2557:
2374:
2259:
2180:
2123:
1803:
1771:
1729:
960:
3, entered into force April 30, 1957, acceded to by Senegal July 19, 1979, art. 1(d).
466:
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2685:
2344:
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2073:
1137:
461:
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3618:
3608:
3588:
3300:
2774:
2573:
2445:
2326:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2286:
1985:
1856:
1783:
1766:
1216:
723:
http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/2008_Senegal_Enfants_Mendiants_Dakar.pdf
404:
51:
3709:
3578:
3478:
3391:
3226:
3070:
2922:
2917:
2892:
2811:
2522:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2092:
1970:
851:
456:
3379:
3325:
989:
535:“Roles and the Position of Women in Sufi Brotherhoods in Senegal” (2005) 73:4
26:
3933:
3850:
3649:
3623:
3573:
3114:
2962:
2877:
2665:
2640:
2578:
2339:
2023:
1241:
421:
101:
254:
Platform for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (PPDH) along with
3899:
3553:
2887:
2744:
2364:
1980:
205:
157:
913:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY/countries/SN?display=graph
899:
Human Rights Watch, p 31; Exchange rate: $ 1 USD= $ 473 CFA on 5 May 2014.
265:
HRW also cites the following as other abuses of talibés which breach CRC.
31:
3669:
3613:
3412:
2650:
2359:
2276:
1990:
1975:
1262:
1196:
1179:
426:
180:
have existed for hundreds of years. They grew in significance during the
161:
2011:
3835:
3598:
3458:
3320:
3216:
2912:
2754:
296:
113:
93:
3694:
3488:
2942:
3845:
3840:
3815:
3719:
3453:
3448:
3043:
2589:
1236:
1231:
1086:, adopted November 15,entered into force December 25, 2003, art 3(c).
915:
accessed 24/04/2014 Exchange rate: $ 1 USD = $ 473 CFA on 5 May 2014.
532:
394:
3882:
3855:
3810:
3805:
3290:
3172:
3167:
2707:
2690:
441:
436:
132:. In most cases talibés leave their parents to stay in the daara.
129:
3769:
3563:
1686:
300:
marabouts set quotas for basic foodstuffs such as sugar and rice.
3825:
3800:
3734:
3714:
3704:
3689:
3568:
3558:
3525:
3500:
3427:
3386:
3364:
3305:
3285:
3239:
3234:
3177:
3075:
2882:
2717:
2655:
1226:
1211:
431:
315:
125:
89:
3906:
3860:
3830:
3820:
3795:
3790:
3764:
3729:
3699:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3495:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3443:
3422:
3369:
3280:
3199:
3033:
2952:
2779:
2680:
2670:
2620:
1717:
1221:
188:
97:
584:
3759:
3754:
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3744:
3739:
3639:
3417:
3310:
3295:
3104:
2970:
2902:
2872:
2867:
2769:
2734:
2660:
2635:
1246:
1201:
1184:
1014:
814:
United Nations “Convention on the Rights of the Child,” 1577
451:
446:
362:
244:
215:
177:
121:
117:
1043:
3211:
3194:
3053:
2932:
2927:
2907:
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2862:
2806:
2759:
2675:
361:
practice in most of the traditional Koranic Schools called
109:
105:
947:
Human Rights Watch, p 94; Anti-Slavery International, p 3.
2999:
166:
831:“Convention on the Rights of the Child,” arts 6, 18, 19.
338:
younger, as well as abuse them physically and sexually.
403:
abusive marabouts every year, compounding the issue of
503:
3871:
872:“Convention on the Rights of the Child,” arts 19, 34.
1167:
320:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
128:). This education is guided by a teacher known as a
83:
65:
790:"Senegal: Failure to End Abuses in Quranic Schools"
3931:
881:“Convention on the Rights of the Child,” art 31.
863:“Convention on the Rights of the Child,” art 28.
169:to “avoid accusations of cultural imperialism.”
16:West African youth studying the Quran at a daara
2605:
1702:
1278:
1153:
325:
309:Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour
852:http://www.refworld.org/docid/460bc7772.html
289:
78:
990:http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/47ac78ce2.pdf
537:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
295:days when greater almsgiving is customary.
2612:
2598:
1709:
1695:
1292:
1285:
1271:
1160:
1146:
1036:"Real Development Policies in West Africa"
719:Enfants Mendiants dans la Région de Dakar
679:L’Enseignement arabo-islamique au Sénégal
398:Talibe beggars in Senegal asking for alms
393:
243:A 2007 UNICEF study of child begging in
204:
25:
3932:
2619:
200:
2593:
1690:
1266:
1141:
721:(2007) at 7, accessed 5 May 2014 at
1716:
195:
79:
55:
13:
2820:
1042:. Institute XALAAT. Archived from
389:
14:
3981:
2355:Confederation of African Football
668:Anti-Slavery International, p 14.
305:International Labour Organization
262:care and nourishment of talibés.
77:'seeker', 'student'; pl.
3917:
3905:
3893:
3881:
1593:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1363:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1169:Islamic educational institutions
236:common form of Quranic schools.
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1095:Human Rights Watch, p 3, 47-49.
1089:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1028:
1003:
994:
981:
972:
963:
950:
941:
927:
918:
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
843:
834:
825:
808:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
711:
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693:
684:
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653:
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635:
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617:
608:
368:
599:
590:
573:
564:
555:
542:
526:
513:
492:
377:
1:
820:International Legal Materials
659:Human Rights Watch, p 18, 21.
521:Journal of Religion in Africa
485:
1131:Human Rights Watch, p 42-44.
1064:Human Rights Watch, p 53-54.
1013:. 2016-02-25. Archived from
978:Human Rights Watch, p 40-41.
969:Human Rights Watch, p 3, 38.
958:United Nations Treaty Series
890:Human Rights Watch, p 3, 31.
840:Human Rights Watch, p 32-33.
816:United Nations Treaty Series
743:Human Rights Watch, p 26-27.
124:(West African equivalent of
7:
2083:International organisations
585:http://www.antislavery.org/
579:Anti-Slavery International
414:
142:
84:
66:
10:
3986:
2335:Africa Cricket Association
2141:Countries by GDP (nominal)
911:“Poverty headcount ratio”
343:Convention against Torture
326:Physical abuse and torture
172:
18:
3783:
3632:
3534:
3436:
3400:
3225:
2961:
2831:
2818:
2628:
2551:
2458:
2387:
2350:Australian-rules football
2325:
2267:
2258:
2210:
2203:
2131:
2122:
2019:
2010:
1941:Countries and territories
1936:
1927:
1887:
1844:
1737:
1728:
1606:
1581:
1300:
1175:
1122:Human Rights Watch, p 41.
1104:Human Rights Watch, p 41.
1073:Human Rights Watch, p 97.
1000:Human Rights Watch, p 42.
924:Human Rights Watch, p 32.
770:Human Rights Watch, p 17.
708:Human Rights Watch, p 24.
550:Anthropological Quarterly
523:225 at 245 (footnote 26).
508:Anthropological Quarterly
290:Forced labour and slavery
135:Within Senegal, the term
88:) is a boy, usually from
3945:Arabic words and phrases
1348:Central African Republic
1113:Human Rights Watch, p 4.
699:Human Rights Watch, p 4.
2397:Countries by population
2110:United States of Africa
1294:Human rights in Africa
19:For similar terms, see
2825:
2146:Countries by GDP (PPP)
2088:Pan-African Parliament
1879:Science and technology
399:
354:
226:
210:
182:French colonial period
35:
21:Talib (disambiguation)
2824:
1799:European colonisation
1762:Pre-colonial kingdoms
1508:São Tomé and Príncipe
1368:Republic of the Congo
397:
347:
318:’, as defined by the
220:
208:
29:
3049:Raising hands in Dua
2370:Stadiums by capacity
2317:World Heritage Sites
1794:European exploration
498:Human Rights Watch,
30:Two talibés boys in
3955:Education in Africa
2054:Freedom of religion
2039:Heads of government
1831:Scramble for Africa
1583:States with limited
1046:on 25 February 2016
504:https://www.hrw.org
274:Corporal punishment
201:Nature of the abuse
2826:
1779:Indian Ocean trade
1207:Islamic University
796:. 16 December 2019
794:Human Rights Watch
400:
332:Human Rights Watch
256:Human Rights Watch
211:
116:, who studies the
36:
3965:Slavery in Africa
3950:Types of students
3869:
3868:
3604:Sufis persecution
2646:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
2587:
2586:
2454:
2453:
2383:
2382:
2199:
2198:
2176:Natural resources
2118:
2117:
2064:Linguistic rights
2006:
2005:
1923:
1922:
1684:
1683:
1610:other territories
1383:Equatorial Guinea
1260:
1259:
384:child trafficking
76:
64:
3977:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3594:Sufi metaphysics
3550:
3492:
3383:
3351:
3339:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3191:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3101:
3089:
3067:
3025:
3013:
2996:
2984:
2859:
2847:
2803:
2740:Nass al-Houdhour
2731:
2704:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2567:
2560:
2345:Afro-Asian Games
2265:
2264:
2208:
2207:
2186:Renewable energy
2151:Countries by HDI
2129:
2128:
2017:
2016:
1934:
1933:
1735:
1734:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1671:
1670:(United Kingdom)
1666:Tristan da Cunha
1662:Ascension Island
1654:
1641:
1632:
1608:Dependencies and
1301:Sovereign states
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
985:
979:
976:
970:
967:
961:
954:
948:
945:
939:
931:
925:
922:
916:
906:
900:
897:
891:
888:
882:
879:
873:
870:
864:
861:
855:
847:
841:
838:
832:
829:
823:
812:
806:
805:
803:
801:
786:
780:
777:
771:
768:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
715:
709:
706:
700:
697:
691:
688:
682:
675:
669:
666:
660:
657:
651:
648:
642:
639:
633:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
597:
594:
588:
577:
571:
568:
562:
559:
553:
546:
540:
530:
524:
517:
511:
496:
480:
209:A begging talibé
196:Abuse of Talibes
87:
82:
81:
71:
69:
59:
57:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3880:
3872:
3870:
3865:
3779:
3628:
3619:Sufi psychology
3609:Sufi philosophy
3589:Sufi literature
3544:
3530:
3486:
3432:
3396:
3377:
3345:
3333:
3271:
3259:
3247:
3221:
3185:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3095:
3083:
3061:
3019:
3007:
2990:
2978:
2957:
2853:
2841:
2827:
2816:
2797:
2795:The Seven ranks
2725:
2698:
2624:
2618:
2588:
2583:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2450:
2446:Youth in Africa
2424:Life expectancy
2379:
2321:
2297:Africanfuturism
2254:
2195:
2191:Stock exchanges
2114:
2002:
1961:Natural history
1919:
1883:
1840:
1789:Muslim conquest
1784:Bantu expansion
1724:
1715:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1652:
1639:
1630:
1611:
1609:
1602:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1296:
1291:
1261:
1256:
1171:
1166:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1082:United Nations
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
964:
955:
951:
946:
942:
932:
928:
923:
919:
907:
903:
898:
894:
889:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
862:
858:
848:
844:
839:
835:
830:
826:
813:
809:
799:
797:
788:
787:
783:
778:
774:
769:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
716:
712:
707:
703:
698:
694:
689:
685:
677:Mamadou Ndiaye
676:
672:
667:
663:
658:
654:
650:Perry at 74-75.
649:
645:
641:Perry at 66-71.
640:
636:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
600:
596:Perry at 72-73.
595:
591:
578:
574:
570:Perry at 58-59.
569:
565:
560:
556:
547:
543:
531:
527:
518:
514:
497:
493:
488:
483:
474:
417:
405:street children
392:
390:Inadequate care
380:
371:
328:
292:
203:
198:
175:
145:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3927:
3926:
3914:
3902:
3890:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Sufism history
3581:
3579:Sufi cosmology
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3112:
3110:Sufism pillars
3107:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3073:
3071:Salat al-Fatih
3068:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2918:Lataif-e-Sitta
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2851:Aayane Thabita
2848:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2375:Tour d'Afrique
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Climate change
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Infrastructure
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2093:Pan-Africanism
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2069:Women's rights
2066:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2044:Heads of state
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Impact craters
1948:
1946:Highest points
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1862:Historiography
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1836:Decolonisation
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:Western Sahara
1672:
1655:
1642:
1633:
1619:Canary Islands
1615:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1027:
1002:
993:
980:
971:
962:
949:
940:
926:
917:
909:The World Bank
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
842:
833:
824:
807:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
710:
701:
692:
683:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
572:
563:
554:
541:
525:
512:
490:
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
418:
416:
413:
391:
388:
379:
376:
370:
367:
327:
324:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
271:
202:
199:
197:
194:
174:
171:
144:
141:
42:(also spelled
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3982:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Jama'at Khana
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Datuk Keramat
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3624:Sufi whirling
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Antinomianism
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Ahl al-Khutwa
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Ethnic groups
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:African Games
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Caste systems
2223:
2221:
2220:Birth control
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Central banks
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:African Union
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:Trans-Saharan
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Guinea-Bissau
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1017:on 2016-02-25
1016:
1012:
1006:
997:
991:
984:
975:
966:
959:
953:
944:
937:
930:
921:
914:
910:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
853:
846:
837:
828:
821:
817:
811:
795:
791:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
734:UNICEF at 35.
731:
724:
720:
714:
705:
696:
687:
680:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
586:
582:
576:
567:
558:
551:
545:
539:1099 at 1104.
538:
534:
529:
522:
516:
509:
505:
501:
495:
491:
478:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
422:Child slavery
420:
419:
412:
408:
406:
396:
387:
385:
375:
366:
364:
358:
353:
352:
346:
344:
339:
335:
333:
323:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
301:
298:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
268:
267:
266:
263:
259:
257:
252:
248:
246:
241:
237:
233:
231:
225:
224:
219:
217:
207:
193:
190:
185:
183:
179:
170:
168:
163:
159:
153:
149:
140:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:Guinea-Bissau
99:
95:
91:
86:
74:
68:
62:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
28:
22:
3554:Madih nabawi
2789:
2429:Urbanization
2389:Demographics
2365:Rugby Africa
2272:Architecture
2156:Billionaires
2049:Human rights
1819:Indian Ocean
1750:North Africa
1658:Saint Helena
1629:
1533:South Africa
1523:Sierra Leone
1328:Burkina Faso
1189:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1039:
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1005:
996:
983:
974:
965:
957:
952:
943:
929:
920:
908:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
845:
836:
827:
819:
815:
810:
798:. Retrieved
793:
784:
779:Perry at 56.
775:
766:
761:Perry at 72.
757:
752:Perry at 62.
748:
739:
730:
718:
713:
704:
695:
690:Parry at 63.
686:
678:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
632:Perry at 62.
628:
623:Perry at 56.
619:
614:Perry at 71.
610:
605:Perry at 74.
601:
592:
580:
575:
566:
561:Perry at 55.
557:
549:
544:
536:
528:
520:
515:
507:
499:
494:
427:Child Labour
409:
401:
381:
372:
369:Sexual abuse
359:
355:
349:
348:
340:
336:
329:
313:
302:
293:
264:
260:
253:
249:
242:
238:
234:
227:
222:
221:
212:
186:
176:
162:West African
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
47:
43:
39:
37:
3970:West Africa
3670:Jama masjid
3614:Sufi poetry
3545: [
3506:Sufi orders
3487: [
3401:Misconducts
3378: [
3346: [
3334: [
3272: [
3260: [
3248: [
3186: [
3159: [
3147: [
3135: [
3123: [
3096: [
3084: [
3062: [
3020: [
3008: [
2991: [
2979: [
2854: [
2842: [
2798: [
2785:Sufis ranks
2726: [
2699: [
2651:Bash Hezzab
2623:terminology
2439:urban areas
2360:FIBA Africa
2059:LGBT rights
1757:Archaeology
1585:recognition
1538:South Sudan
1428:Ivory Coast
1197:Darul uloom
1180:Almajiranci
1050:19 February
800:16 December
475: [
378:Trafficking
3934:Categories
3924:Psychology
3836:Prayer rug
3599:Sufi music
3459:Hizb Rateb
3437:Ceremonies
3205:Zarruqiyya
2913:Ismul Azam
2409:Emigration
2312:Philosophy
2292:Literature
1738:Chronology
1640:(Portugal)
1598:Somaliland
1518:Seychelles
1483:Mozambique
1468:Mauritania
1453:Madagascar
1408:The Gambia
1343:Cape Verde
1021:2023-11-12
486:References
297:World Bank
214:sustained
114:Mauritania
94:the Gambia
34:, Senegal.
3912:Education
3846:Tagelmust
3841:Qashabiya
3816:Jellabiya
3720:Mausoleum
3413:Rahbaniya
3227:Waridates
3044:Muraqabah
3039:Muhasabah
2723:Mutahaqiq
2245:Languages
2235:Etiquette
2161:Education
2034:Democracy
2029:Elections
1929:Geography
1888:By region
1872:conflicts
1745:Antiquity
1473:Mauritius
1237:Pesantren
1232:Nezamiyeh
552:47 at 65.
533:Codou Bop
510:47 at 49.
187:In 1992,
61:romanized
46:, plural
32:Vélingara
3960:Madrasas
3888:Religion
3856:Tarboosh
3811:Gandoura
3806:Djellaba
3423:Taqabbur
3173:Tawassul
3168:Tawakkul
2832:Concepts
2750:Qalandar
2713:Muqarrab
2708:Muqaddam
2691:Marabout
2574:Category
2419:HIV/AIDS
2250:Religion
2215:Abortion
2171:Internet
2098:Politics
2074:feminism
2012:Politics
1867:Military
1845:By topic
1809:Atlantic
1772:Sahelian
1722:articles
1664: /
1660: /
1653:(France)
1647: /
1625: /
1621: /
1573:Zimbabwe
1548:Tanzania
1398:Ethiopia
1393:Eswatini
1373:Djibouti
1338:Cameroon
1323:Botswana
1011:"xalaat"
502:(2010),
467:Muqarrab
442:Almajiri
437:Marabout
415:See also
143:Overview
130:marabout
3874:Portals
3851:Taqiyah
3826:Misbaha
3801:Burnous
3784:Objects
3735:Musalla
3715:Maqbara
3705:Madrasa
3695:Külliye
3690:Khanqah
3685:Khalawi
3665:Gongbei
3569:Qawwali
3559:Nasheed
3542:Ashewiq
3526:Ziyarat
3501:Silsila
3428:Zandaqa
3387:Walayah
3365:Tajalli
3321:Ma'rifa
3306:Karamat
3286:Hidayah
3240:Basirah
3235:Barakah
3178:Tazkiah
3156:Tawajud
3144:Takhlia
3115:Tafakur
3076:Salawat
2883:Ghaflah
2765:Rabbani
2718:Murshid
2696:Mudaqiq
2686:Majzoob
2656:Dervish
2558:Outline
2460:By year
2402:density
2287:Cuisine
2260:Culture
2204:Society
2181:Poverty
2124:Economy
2103:parties
1971:Central
1966:Regions
1956:Islands
1895:Central
1857:Empires
1852:Economy
1814:Barbary
1804:Slavery
1767:Empires
1730:History
1649:Réunion
1645:Mayotte
1636:Madeira
1631:(Spain)
1627:Melilla
1558:Tunisia
1528:Somalia
1513:Senegal
1498:Nigeria
1488:Namibia
1478:Morocco
1443:Liberia
1438:Lesotho
1388:Eritrea
1358:Comoros
1333:Burundi
1308:Algeria
1227:Madrasa
1217:Khalawi
1212:Khanqah
717:UNICEF
587:, p 14.
583:(2009)
462:Majzoob
432:Madrasa
316:slavery
173:History
126:madrasa
90:Senegal
75:
63::
48:talibés
3940:Sufism
3861:Turban
3831:Miswak
3821:Khirqa
3796:Balgha
3791:Ammama
3775:Zawiya
3765:Turbah
3730:Mosque
3700:Kuttab
3680:Khalwa
3660:Gonbad
3655:Eidgah
3645:Dargah
3633:Places
3521:Wezeea
3516:Tweeza
3511:Tariqa
3496:Sebiba
3474:Mawsim
3469:Mawlid
3464:Idjaza
3449:Bay'ah
3444:Ashura
3370:Thawab
3360:Secret
3343:Rabita
3316:Khatir
3301:Ishrak
3281:Haqiqa
3257:Djadba
3200:Wazifa
3132:Tahlia
3120:Tahara
3093:Shuhud
3034:Lazimi
3029:Latifa
3017:Ichara
2976:Djamaa
2953:Yaqeen
2839:Aayane
2790:Talibe
2780:Siddiq
2775:Sheikh
2681:Khatib
2671:Hezzab
2621:Sufism
2579:Portal
2434:cities
2282:Cinema
2240:Health
1998:Rivers
1720:
1718:Africa
1668:
1651:
1638:
1568:Zambia
1563:Uganda
1503:Rwanda
1458:Malawi
1418:Guinea
1313:Angola
1252:Zawiya
1222:Kuttab
1190:Talibe
1040:XALAAT
818:3; 28
270:lives.
230:daaras
216:daaras
189:UNICEF
178:Daaras
137:talibé
98:Guinea
85:ṭullāb
52:Arabic
44:talibe
40:talibé
3900:Islam
3770:Türbe
3760:Takya
3755:Surau
3750:Ribat
3745:Rauza
3740:Qubba
3725:Mazar
3710:Maqam
3640:Daara
3564:Naʽat
3549:]
3491:]
3484:Sbooa
3479:Salka
3454:Haḍra
3418:Shath
3392:Warid
3382:]
3355:Ru'ya
3350:]
3338:]
3331:Qabdh
3311:Kashf
3296:Irfan
3291:Ilham
3276:]
3264:]
3252:]
3190:]
3163:]
3151:]
3139:]
3127:]
3105:Shukr
3100:]
3088:]
3066:]
3059:Sahar
3024:]
3012:]
3005:Ibara
2995:]
2988:Djoua
2983:]
2971:Dhikr
2963:Awrad
2923:Maqam
2903:Ihsan
2893:Hijab
2873:Dhawq
2868:Baqaa
2858:]
2846:]
2812:Wasil
2802:]
2770:Salik
2755:Qāriʾ
2735:Murid
2730:]
2703:]
2666:Hafiz
2661:Fakir
2636:Abdal
2629:Sufis
2565:Index
2327:Sport
2307:Music
2302:Media
1986:South
1981:North
1910:South
1905:North
1623:Ceuta
1543:Sudan
1493:Niger
1448:Libya
1433:Kenya
1413:Ghana
1403:Gabon
1378:Egypt
1318:Benin
1247:Surau
1242:Qawmi
1202:Hawza
1185:Daara
479:]
457:Wasil
452:Salik
447:Murid
363:Daara
245:Dakar
158:Wolof
122:daara
120:at a
118:Quran
67:ṭālib
3574:Sama
3535:Arts
3269:Fath
3245:Bast
3217:Zuhd
3212:Wird
3195:Wajd
3183:Uzla
3081:Samt
3054:Sabr
2948:Sadr
2933:Qalb
2928:Nafs
2908:Ishq
2898:Huwa
2878:Fana
2807:Wali
2760:Qutb
2676:Imam
2543:2020
2538:2019
2533:2018
2528:2017
2523:2016
2518:2015
2513:2014
2508:2013
2503:2012
2498:2011
2493:2010
2488:2009
2483:2008
2478:2007
2473:2006
2468:2005
1991:West
1976:East
1915:West
1900:East
1553:Togo
1463:Mali
1353:Chad
1052:2016
802:2019
472:Arif
341:The
303:The
167:NGOs
110:Mali
106:Chad
80:طلاب
73:lit.
56:طالب
3375:Uns
3326:Nūr
3000:Dua
2943:Rūḥ
2938:Ran
2888:Hal
2863:Aql
2745:Pir
2277:Art
112:or
3936::
3547:ar
3489:fr
3380:ar
3348:ar
3336:ar
3274:ar
3262:ar
3250:ar
3188:ar
3161:ar
3149:ar
3137:ar
3125:ar
3098:ar
3086:ar
3064:ar
3022:ar
3010:ar
2993:ar
2981:ar
2856:ar
2844:ar
2800:ar
2728:ar
2701:ar
1038:.
792:.
477:ar
108:,
104:,
100:,
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