1082:
1343:
events out of the insured policyholder's control. When the policyholder collects a payout, they are not a winner, but a loser who at least has some compensation. Furthermore, while insurance involves uncertainty, "statistical techniques and actuarial sciences have progressed to a stage where the insurance company can calculate its risks and benefits with great precision," so that the uncertainty involved in insurance can scarcely be called excessive in normal circumstances.
4996:
1574:) laid the foundation of mutual insurance. "In the case of insurance, as with commercial banks, orthodox opinion prevailed," and with "a consensus among Muslim scholars" about the legitimacy of takaful and the illegitimacy of conventional insurance, the "movement for Islamizing the contemporary insurance business" started around the mid-1970s. In 1976, a fatwa was issued by the Higher Council of Saudi Arabia "in favor of an Islamic model" of insurance. The
4985:
1591:, a non-Muslim US-based company (with more than 88 million customers in 130 countries), established a takaful subsidiary called AIG Takaful Enaya, headquartered in Bahrain. As of 2013 the leading takaful countries are "Malaysia and the Gulf states". It was reported in 2016 that out of total 308 takaful companies, 93 are takaful windows; however, these takaful windows own only 2.5% of the total takaful assets.
1307:
Regarding life insurance, everyone dies, but what if the death occurs after the first payment of a premium for life insurance? they win and the insurance company loses.) This "makes the insurance business similar to gambling, where the gambler does not know the fate of the game". Thus, uncertainty in the conventional insurance business "is excessive and borders on prohibited gharar".
46:
1702:
has been fulfilled. It is imperative, therefore, for a takaful operator to maintain adequate assets of the defined funds under its care whilst striving prudently to ensure the funds are sufficiently protected against over-exposure. Therefore, the provision of insurance coverage is in conformity with
Shariah based on the Islamic principles of
1184:
In 2018, the takaful industry had grown to a size of $ 27.7 billion of "contributions" (from a 2011 figure of $ 12 billion). The movement has been praised as providing "superior alternatives" to insurance that "reinvigorate human capital, emphasize personal dignity, community self-help, and economic
1784:
ISLAMIC INSURANCE THEORY and PRACTICE states: `All legal evidence permits
Cooperative Insurance, as God says in the Holy Quran, "Cooperate for good and pious deeds and do not cooperate to do evil and aggression."` But does not specifically cite . Shakir translates part of as "and help one another
1701:
enables participants to perform their deeds in assisting fellow participants who might suffer a loss or damage due to a catastrophe or disaster. The sharing of profit (or surplus) that may emerge from the operations of a takaful is made only after the obligation of assisting the fellow participants
1342:
A minority of
Islamic scholars argue that insurance is not like gambling because in gambling, no risk is covered and no damage is mitigated. The gamblers play a game of chance for entertainment and profit in which they can win or lose, based on a conscious decision. Insurance provides coverage for
1334:, Muhammad Mustafa as-Sinqithi, Salaah al-Saawi, Abdullah al-Muslih, Sulaiman Thunayaan, Ali Abu al-Basl, Abdur Rawf al-Shaadhili, Faisal Maulawi, Mohammad Muslehuddin, Afzalur Rahman, and numerous other respected scholars and jurists were unanimously agree that commercial insurance were forbidden.
1758:
According to Rakaan Kayali, the fact that benefits for the takaful members are distributed as funds allow, rather than defined by the policy, may lead to conflict among members—if, for example, one member's claim uses up takaful funds so that another member with an equally valid claim a short time
1306:
The uncertainty "if and when the insured event will take place and, if it does take place, what would be the relationship of compensation to the insurance premium paid". (What if the holder of collision insurance policy never has a motor vehicle accident? they lose and the insurance company wins.
1586:
The industry grew from $ 1.384 billion in 2004 to $ 5.318 billion in 2008. By the end of 2011, total takaful contributions amounted to $ 12 billion (as compared to $ 4 trillion for conventional insurance). In 2005, there were 82 companies around the world engaged in takaful business (77 dedicated
1729:
One complaint made against (most) takaful (by
Muhammad Akram Khan) is that despite the talk of solidarity, (most) takaful-holders "do not have any 'voice'" in the management of the takaful. The "TO (takaful operator) makes all the crucial decisions, such as rate of premium, risk strategy, asset
1762:
Additionally, there has been doubt cast on the legitimacy of claiming that takaful participants are making "donations". This is because the word "donations" implies giving with no expectation of worldly return. This is clearly not the case with takaful participants who are seeking insurance.
1720:
contract between the provider or providers of funds for a business venture and the entrepreneur who actually conducts the business. The operation of a takaful may thus be envisaged as the profit-sharing business venture between the takaful operator and the individual members of a group of
1193:
Theoretically, takaful is perceived as cooperative or mutual insurance, where members contribute a certain sum of money to a common pool. The purpose of this system is not profits, but to uphold the principle of "bear ye one another's burden". The principles of takaful are as follows:
1738:
that permitted insurance as "cooperative insurance, built on the principles of voluntary contribution (tabarru') and mutual cooperation". An exception to this state of affairs can be found in Sudan, where the takaful-holders have more say in the management of the takaful business.
1174:
Under takaful, people and companies concerned about hazards make regular contributions ("donations") to be reimbursed or repaid to members in the event of loss, and managed on their behalf by a takaful operator. Like other
Islamic finance products, Takaful is grounded in Islamic
1451:
The concept of takaful has reportedly been practised in various forms since 622 CE. The first practitioner of
Takaful were known as Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of the prophet, as this practice were allowed according to classical scholar consensus, such as Ibn Taymiyyah in his
1694:) a certain proportion of his takaful installments (or contributions) that he agrees or undertakes to pay, should any of his fellow participants suffer a defined loss. This agreement enables him to fulfill his obligation of mutual help and joint guarantee.
1582:
also approved takaful as a legitimate form of business in 1985. The
Islamic Insurance Company of Sudan started as the first takaful company in 1979. By the mid-1990s, there were seven takaful companies in Sudan, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Jordan.
1468:, such as Dr Erwandi Tarmizi. Additionally, Modern researchers of Islamic banking, and Islamic financing theorists, has delved the business aspect of Zubayr during his lifetime as rolemodel. One of the principles of az-Zubayr business were the
1587:
takaful companies, and five "offering takaful products" from "Islamic windows"). By 2006, there were 133. As with the traditional forms of insurance, reinsurance of a takaful operation may be used, known as "retakaful". Also in 2006,
1730:
management and allocation of surpluses and profits". The shareholders of the TO, and "not the takaful-holders, appoint and dismiss managers of the takaful". Similarly, Mahmud El-Gamal complains that "even companies that use the term
1887:
1550:, that the deposit center were named after Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Meanwhile, modern day Pakistani Islamic business theorist, Zubair Mughal, has further observed the model of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam practice of Tafakul to avoid the
1217:
Muslims scholar have "hardly any difference of opinion" on "the need for managing, redeeming and mitigating general, business and life risks covered by the insurance business". But whether conventional insurance is forbidden
1404:: The place of relationships and feelings of people with faith, between each other, is just like the body; when one of its parts is afflicted with pain, then the rest of the body will be affected. (Narratives by Imam al-
2818:
2013:
2183:
1682:
between the participants (as providers of capital) and the takaful operator. The sharing of such profit may be in a ratio of 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and so forth, as mutually agreed between the contracting parties.
1754:
does not change the reality. We can make insurance a not-for-profit activity (provided we can ensure efficient management), but it does not change the essential nature of what is being done."
1310:"Insurance companies invest surplus funds on the basis of interest and pay out a part of such earnings to policyholders as bonuses." According to the 'orthodox interpretation', this is riba.
1443:
The fundamentals underlying takaful are very similar to co-operative and mutual principles, to the extent that the co-operative and mutual model is one that is accepted under
Islamic law.
1897:
1645:
takaful and conventional insurance is the same, and as a consequence this structure "has come under a lot of criticism from Shari'ah scholars". Mainly used in
Pakistan and South Africa.
2837:
2032:
1945:
4735:
1456:. In practice, Takaful were regarded as technically as zero interests banking with fundraising business model. In the eyes of scholars and researchers, al-Zubair
1185:
self-development"; but also criticized as having "dwindled" in scope to an industry of "conventional insurance with Arabic terminology and language of contract".
4617:
3985:
3223:
3193:
1975:
2618:
1616:), i.e. premiums, are accumulated into a fund to meet members' losses. Members are not allowed to take back any contributions or profits from investments.
4602:
3228:
5811:
2972:
2795:
2243:
3169:
Chakib
Abouzaid: Presentation of the World Islamic Insurance Directory at the World Takaful Conference (2006/07/08/09/10/11/12) www.takaful-re.ae
1149:, sometimes translated as "solidarity" or mutual guarantee) is a co-operative system of reimbursement or repayment in case of loss, organized as an
6034:
4701:
3210:
2289:
2450:المدينة وفروعه متعددة كالإسكندرية ، والكوفة ، والبصرة ؛ مستدلا بذلك بما جاء في الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد ، " عن عروة قال : كان للزبير بمصر خطط
5826:
5091:
2216:
1734:(cooperative mutual guarantee or insurance) are structured with stockholder rather than policyholder ownership", despite the 9/2 ruling of the
1453:
2884:
976:
1263:
Islamic scholars began forbidding commercial insurance as early as the late nineteenth century CE. The majority of Islamic scholars believe
5071:
1721:
participants who desire to reciprocally guarantee each other against a certain loss or damage that may be inflicted upon any one of them.
5821:
4632:
3233:
1250:
The commercial insurance contract, with a fixed insurance premium, as practiced by commercial insurance companies, contains substantial
5197:
1735:
1641:-based model: Waqf is a distinct entity and a legal person. According to one critic, "except for names and terms, the essence" of both
1575:
1233:
4706:
4622:
3333:
3186:
2655:
1606:
model (profit-sharing): the managers (shareholders) are sharing profit and losses with the policyholders; used initially in Far East.
4723:
1892:
4686:
4607:
867:
1953:
5831:
4627:
3517:
3328:
2057:
5816:
4637:
4594:
2486:
2467:
5086:
3179:
1421:) and another true Muslim are like a building, whereby every part in it strengthens the other part. (Narratives by Imam al-
1690:("to donate, contribute, or give away") is incorporated. Relating to this concept, a participant agrees to relinquish (as
5032:
3484:
1579:
1315:
1237:
855:
5227:
2777:
Siddiqui, Mohammad Najatuallah "Islamic banking and finance in theory and practice: A survey of the state of the art."
275:
3248:
5156:
4489:
4443:
4103:
4097:
3053:
2954:
2894:
2866:
2831:
2561:
2436:
2253:
2193:
2026:
1125:
1103:
840:
1096:
5222:
4360:
4216:
3693:
3589:
3278:
2912:
2856:
425:
3323:
3099:[Comparing the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in emerging markets (in English)].
5801:
5192:
5182:
4854:
4660:
3441:
3258:
1508:
2103:
482:
5806:
4919:
4467:
4365:
1863:
1511:, this fundraising Takaful business of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam were centered in Medina with its branches spread in
1063:
997:
522:
23:
3218:
2721:
1742:
Whether takaful is significantly different from conventional insurance has been questioned. Islamic economist
1240:(also called the International Islamic Fiqh Academy) ruled conventional commercial (but not social) insurance
4277:
4036:
3713:
3303:
1743:
1314:
According to Jamal Zarabozo, the majority of modern Muslim such as scholars from Islamic Fiqh Council of the
5964:
5212:
5113:
4839:
4816:
4426:
4282:
4272:
4178:
3831:
3470:
3405:
1588:
1461:
729:
684:
311:
2984:
6029:
5781:
5478:
5424:
5263:
5098:
4941:
4806:
4612:
4380:
4173:
3550:
3202:
797:
5429:
5293:
5187:
4691:
4574:
4091:
3510:
962:
240:
2975:[Jual Beli Gharar (Overview of the Process and Object of the Sale and Purchase Transaction)].
5508:
5397:
5207:
5108:
4784:
4771:
4472:
4301:
3997:
3719:
3682:
1853:
Ajmal Bhatty, President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine Middle East, Takaful Summit 2011.
1547:
1028:
330:
3001:
2534:
2318:
1678:(or surplus) from the operations of the takaful is to be shared in accordance with the principle of
6024:
5881:
5633:
5538:
5503:
5483:
5151:
5103:
4936:
4655:
4479:
4252:
3732:
1480:. This type of fundraising business consisted of Zubayr practice of accepting safety deposits as a
1090:
872:
706:
6002:
5684:
5473:
5341:
5288:
5146:
5136:
5025:
4794:
3605:
3268:
454:
3759:
3131:
2129:
1635:
model: agency fee, received up front from the contributors and transferred to shareholders fund.
1378:(both: virtue, righteousness and piety), but do not help one another in sin and transgression. (
967:
5776:
5409:
5237:
4951:
4880:
4849:
4779:
3703:
3698:
3616:
1107:
878:
503:
430:
1439:
if he does not protect his neighbour who is in distress. (Narrative of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal.)
5791:
5677:
5606:
5461:
5346:
5308:
4897:
4875:
3626:
3503:
3446:
2521:
2305:
3071:
5900:
5843:
5466:
5446:
5273:
5161:
5081:
4554:
4461:
4406:
3410:
2625:
1751:
1539:
945:
2662:
1530:
era, such Islamic banking system were apparent. there were even one business center named
8:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5934:
5796:
5756:
5518:
5488:
5356:
5217:
5141:
5131:
4789:
4665:
4559:
4375:
3814:
3611:
1686:
In order to eliminate the element of uncertainty in the takaful contract, the concept of
1662:(takaful operator) accepts payment of the takaful installments or takaful contributions (
1422:
1405:
1327:
540:
489:
5414:
3097:"مقارنة الأداء المالي للمصارف الإسلامية والتقليدية في الأسواق الناشئة (بالغة الانجليزية"
5995:
5907:
5786:
5711:
5528:
5493:
5404:
5361:
5331:
5303:
5298:
5268:
5242:
5066:
5018:
4956:
4870:
4801:
4711:
4647:
4455:
4431:
4108:
4086:
4046:
3888:
3791:
3742:
3708:
3599:
3308:
3118:
3023:
2509:
1976:"RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Of THE COUNCIL OF THE ISLAMIC FIQH ACADEMY 1985- 2000"
1675:
1497:
1469:
1056:
701:
443:
247:
3954:
5856:
5726:
5618:
5582:
5572:
5533:
5523:
5451:
5441:
5371:
4931:
4926:
4831:
4821:
4811:
4484:
4370:
4322:
4165:
4076:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3754:
3749:
3582:
3400:
3384:
3122:
3049:
3027:
2950:
2890:
2862:
2827:
2513:
2432:
2249:
2189:
2022:
1663:
1599:
There are several models (and several variations) of how takaful can be implemented:
1562:
Muslim jurists acknowledge that the basis of shared responsibility (in the system of
1527:
1331:
720:
461:
382:
320:
218:
197:
2886:
What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?: Analysing the Present State and Future Agenda
2500:
Zubair Mughal, Muhammad. "Takaful cover for Ijarah & Muharaba". al Huda center.
2154:
1670:) from investors or providers of capital or funds (takaful participants), acting as
1515:, Kufa and Basra. Ali Ahmad Salih pointed out the evidences based on the records of
1207:
Losses are divided and liabilities spread according to the community pooling system.
5969:
5924:
5869:
5861:
5851:
5628:
5552:
5392:
5366:
5351:
5258:
5076:
5058:
4961:
4946:
4696:
4401:
4123:
4061:
4051:
4041:
4026:
3774:
3677:
3649:
3537:
3425:
3143:
3108:
3013:
2924:
2501:
1543:
1516:
1457:
1395:
387:
261:
3113:
5981:
5944:
5920:
5721:
5716:
5696:
5655:
5650:
5597:
5592:
5456:
5436:
5313:
5278:
4887:
4584:
4529:
4329:
4015:
3975:
3864:
3820:
3594:
3043:
2944:
2426:
1394:
will always help his servant for as long as he helps others. (Narratives by Imam
1142:
1039:
589:
368:
347:
2761:
1995:
5887:
5736:
5419:
5283:
5177:
5123:
4999:
4716:
4569:
4411:
4113:
2928:
1717:
1254:, which renders the contract defective. Consequently, it is legally forbidden.
361:
192:
3171:
3096:
3018:
2973:"Gharar Transactions (Tinjauan terhadap Proses dan Obyek Transaksi Jual Beli)"
2505:
6018:
5690:
5611:
5559:
5498:
5336:
5202:
4902:
4729:
4579:
4118:
4081:
4056:
3893:
3288:
1049:
111:
3148:
1888:"Prospects for Evolution of Takaful in the 21st Century: Origins of Takaful"
1201:
Policyholders' contributions are considered as donations to the fund (pool).
5939:
5751:
5746:
5706:
5667:
4989:
4914:
4564:
4416:
4294:
4010:
3859:
3844:
3558:
3415:
1952:. International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation. Archived from
1785:
in goodness and piety, and do not help one another in sin and aggression;"
1391:
1379:
1351:
Islamic scholars supporting takaful point to Qur'an and several sayings (
1319:
1204:
Every policyholder pays his subscription to help those who need assistance.
678:
669:
646:
598:
475:
354:
296:
2917:
International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management
1554:(risky business), gambling, and Riba, which all forbidden by Islamic law.
5974:
5929:
5602:
5387:
4541:
4031:
3939:
3839:
3726:
3420:
1520:
1473:
1426:
1409:
1275:
787:
146:
5873:
5865:
5741:
5662:
5623:
5567:
4844:
3926:
3883:
3854:
3463:
3374:
3002:"Islamic Finance in Ethiopia: Current Status, Prospects and Challenges"
1512:
1485:
416:
3132:"Multiple Contracts According to the Fatwa of National Sharia Council"
2913:"Determinants of Islamic banks' profitability: international evidence"
1464:
regarding the conduct and ethics in business in accordance of Islamic
5915:
5731:
5701:
5672:
5041:
4549:
3980:
3922:
3869:
3737:
3283:
3238:
2269:
1417:
1264:
1018:
282:
255:
1864:"Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2019, Page 10"
5639:
4892:
4388:
4246:
4198:
3992:
3898:
3849:
3577:
3273:
3263:
3101:مجلة الاسکندرية للبحوث المحاسبية (مجلة الاسکندرية للبحوث المحاسبية)
2705:
Archer, Simon; Abdel Karim, Riffat Ahmed; Nienhaus, Volker (2009).
1535:
1493:
1356:
1285:
1210:
Uncertainty is eliminated concerning subscription and compensation.
1177:
956:
913:
815:
127:
2290:"Islamic Banking, Takaful and Al Rahnu LCA4562 DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN"
2185:
The Foundations of Islamic Banking: Theory, Practice and Education
5577:
4907:
4503:
4071:
3949:
3944:
3931:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3635:
3379:
1159:-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, which contains
934:
770:
567:
268:
120:
65:
5232:
4421:
4395:
4354:
4315:
4232:
4145:
4066:
3968:
3878:
3809:
3804:
3571:
3495:
3487:(OIC) are nations which officially recognize Islam politically.
3364:
3253:
3243:
1885:
1631:
1571:
1551:
1477:
1436:
1352:
1198:
Policyholders cooperate among themselves for their common good.
1181:(commercial and civil acts or dealings branch of Islamic law).
1167:
1155:
920:
695:
688:
545:
468:
289:
100:
55:
2342:
2340:
5892:
4670:
4495:
4449:
4437:
4239:
4225:
4184:
3961:
3799:
3656:
3642:
3563:
3526:
3359:
3343:
3313:
3293:
3006:
International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research
2949:(English ed.). Indonesia: PT Erwandi Tarmizi Konsultan.
2619:"Concept Paper – Guidelines on Takaful Operational Framework"
1567:
1501:
1489:
1460:
of Tafakul has become serious object of study by scholars of
1323:
1295:
1242:
1220:
1150:
1012:
1005:
927:
906:
899:
885:
829:
763:
756:
749:
737:
635:
624:
578:
534:
409:
400:
393:
213:
206:
187:
166:
93:
86:
74:
5010:
5587:
4336:
4308:
4258:
4205:
4150:
3663:
3369:
3338:
3298:
2562:"Key Sharia Principles and Prohibitions in Islamic Finance"
2337:
2058:"The Question of Insurance Outside of the "Lands of Islam""
1481:
1465:
1291:
1161:
892:
808:
776:
607:
556:
496:
336:
175:
157:
139:
31:
1750:"The form of organization chosen to take advantage of the
1435:: By my life (which is in God's power), nobody will enter
1302:
They have two main concerns about conventional insurance:
1258:
2709:. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia). pp. 63–4.
2707:
Takaful Islamic insurance: Concepts and regulatory issues
2704:
2357:
2355:
45:
2102:
Mulhim, Ahmed Salem; Sabbagh, Ahmed Mohammed (c. 2001).
1649:
2722:"TAKAFUL MODELS: THEIR EVOLUTION AND FUTURE DIRECTION"
2493:
2379:
2352:
2325:
2155:"Proof for the concept of Takaful in Quran and Sunnah"
1759:
later is not compensated, or not compensated in full.
3076:
Journal of Knowledge Economy and Knowledge Management
2810:
2455:
3000:
Hailu, Suadiq Mehammed; Yatoo, Nissar Ahmad (2021).
2474:
2428:الهندسة المالية المعاصرة: رؤية شرعية اقتصادية مقارنة
2420:
2418:
2245:
Islamic Economies: Stability, Markets and Endowments
1337:
2820:
Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice
2796:"The True Difference Between Takaful and Insurance"
2403:
2367:
2015:
Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice
1213:
It does not derive advantage at the cost of others.
3072:"An Overview of the Financial History of Muslims"
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2415:
6016:
2755:
2700:
2698:
2391:
2101:
2081:
2079:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
3201:
1989:
1519:narration in Tabaqat al Kubra which written by
3045:Ensiklopedi Ijma' Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah
2739:
2679:
2575:
2546:
2544:
2242:Alam, Nafis; Rizvi, Syed Aun R., eds. (2017).
1886:Omar Fisher and Dawood Y.Taylor (April 2000).
1267:is disallowed for Muslims because it contains
5026:
3511:
3187:
2695:
2632:
2235:
2182:Ariff, Mohamed; Iqbal, Munawar, eds. (2011).
2076:
1911:
1822:
1799:
1057:
2550:Ernst & Young, World Takaful Report 2008
2424:
2175:
1881:
1879:
1877:
2541:
2466:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAl-Harbi2015 (
2055:
1507:According to Ali Ahmad Salih, professor of
1232:In its second session (December 1985), the
5033:
5019:
3518:
3504:
3194:
3180:
2999:
2361:
2181:
1576:International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Jeddah
1246:(forbidden). Its ninth resolution stated:
1064:
1050:
3147:
3112:
3017:
2789:
2787:
2499:
2241:
2105:The ISLAMIC INSURANCE THEORY and PRACTICE
1874:
1627:: Bahrain, UAE and Middle East countries.
1126:Learn how and when to remove this message
3136:International Journal of Nusantara Islam
3069:
3041:
2910:
2485:sfn error: no target: CITEREFIslam1984 (
2461:
2385:
2346:
2275:
2188:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 190.
2049:
1893:President and Fellows of Harvard College
1089:This article includes a list of general
6035:Islamic banking and finance terminology
3042:al Bushi, Abdullah bin Mubarak (2019).
2942:
2719:
2331:
2021:. New York, NY: Cambridge. p. 61.
1446:
1318:, the Board of the Leading Scholars of
1259:Argument against conventional insurance
6017:
2970:
2793:
2784:
2409:
2292:(Dr.). Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
2122:
2095:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
5014:
4756:
4524:
4140:
3499:
3175:
3129:
2946:Haram Wealth in Contemporary Muamalah
2748:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2688:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2591:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2559:
2553:
2480:
2431:(in Arabic). Al Manhal. p. 103.
2373:
2287:
2147:
1920:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
1840:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
1815:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
4525:
4141:
3094:
2397:
1566:as practised between the Muslims of
1075:
3485:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
2209:
2130:"Verse (5:2) - English Translation"
2056:M. Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din (2003).
1927:
1580:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1500:of the business, which regarded as
1346:
1316:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1238:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1146:
13:
5072:Accidental death and dismemberment
2811:Books, documents, journal articles
1736:International Islamic Fiqh Academy
1095:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
6046:
2816:
2011:
1674:. The contract specifies how the
1338:Defense of conventional insurance
5198:Directors and officers liability
4995:
4994:
4983:
4504:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
3694:Timeline of the history of Islam
3525:
2064:. JamaalZarabozo.com. p. 16
1868:Islamic Financial Services Board
1658:According to this principle the
1509:Middle East University in Jordan
1227:
1080:
44:
4855:List of ex-Muslim organisations
2882:
2771:
2745:
2713:
2685:
2648:
2611:
2598:
2588:
2281:
2005:
1917:
1837:
1812:
1778:
573:(unlawful warfare and banditry)
2977:Mahazib Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
2854:
2638:
2085:
1968:
1856:
1847:
1:
5040:
3114:10.21608/aljalexu.2020.106078
2883:Khan, Muhammad Akram (2013).
2817:el-Gamal, Mahmoud A. (2006).
2794:Kayali, Rakaan (2016-01-15).
2012:el-Gamal, Mahmoud A. (2006).
1766:
1744:Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqui
1557:
1188:
5965:Savings and loan association
4840:Apostasy in Islam by country
4707:Liberalism and progressivism
3471:The Economic System In Islam
3406:Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqi
1792:
1724:
1476:based business according to
7:
5398:Insurance-linked securities
3203:Islamic banking and finance
2971:Zaroni, Akhmad Nur (2007).
2889:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
2858:Islamic Finance For Dummies
2826:. New York, NY: Cambridge.
2656:"WORLD TAKAFUL REPORT 2016"
2641:Islamic Finance For Dummies
2425:Abdul Khaliq, Ihab (2021).
2088:Islamic Finance For Dummies
10:
6051:
5087:Total permanent disability
4757:
3164:
2929:10.1108/IMEFM-12-2015-0161
2855:Jamaldeen, Faleel (2012).
1433:Basis of Mutual Protection
5990:
5842:
5827:Health insurance coverage
5767:
5551:
5380:
5322:
5251:
5170:
5122:
5092:Business overhead expense
5057:
5048:
4978:
4863:
4830:
4770:
4766:
4752:
4679:
4646:
4618:Geography and cartography
4593:
4540:
4536:
4520:
4346:
4268:
4215:
4164:
4160:
4136:
4006:
3830:
3790:
3673:
3625:
3549:
3545:
3534:
3480:
3455:
3434:
3393:
3352:
3209:
3019:10.46281/ijibfr.v6i1.1317
2943:Tarmizi, Erwandi (2017).
2861:. John Wiley & Sons.
2800:Practical Islamic Finance
2781:, 13 (2) (February): 1-48
2506:10.1017/9781108654241.008
1946:"About Takaful Insurance"
1594:
1548:Aligarh Muslim University
1534:in Basra that accept any
1171:(excessive uncertainty).
16:Islamic form of insurance
5228:Protection and indemnity
4937:Islamic view of miracles
3130:Lateh, Bukhoree (2016).
2911:Al-Harbi, A. T. (2017).
2779:Islamic Economic Studies
2288:Hasan, Zulkifli (2008).
2248:. Springer. p. 15.
1771:
594:("spreading corruption")
5685:Explanation of benefits
5157:Variable universal life
4692:Creationism (evolution)
3442:Banks in the Arab world
3149:10.15575/ijni.v4i1.1184
3070:Karaoğlu, Ömer (2020).
2720:Mahbubi Ali, Mohammad.
1402:Basis of Responsibility
1355:) of the Islam prophet
1110:more precise citations.
5822:Health insurance costs
5223:Professional liability
4952:Persecution of Muslims
4850:List of former Muslims
3699:Succession to Muhammad
3483:The bloc known as the
2983:(1): 1. Archived from
2661:. 2016. Archived from
2529:Cite journal requires
2362:Hailu & Yatoo 2021
2313:Cite journal requires
1756:
1654:model (profit-sharing)
1370:: Help one another in
1359:. Some examples are:
1326:under the auspices of
1322:, the Fiqh Council of
1256:
5678:Out-of-pocket expense
5539:Workers' compensation
5193:Collateral protection
5183:Business interruption
4736:Conversion to mosques
4603:Alchemy and chemistry
3447:Participation banking
2217:"Daily Hadith Online"
1748:
1612:-based: "donations" (
1368:Basis of Co-operation
1330:, Siddiq ad-Dharir,
1248:
32:Islamic jurisprudence
5901:Corpus Juris Civilis
4462:Ma malakat aymanukum
4037:Association football
3936:Moderate Kharijites
3411:Muhammad Taqi Usmani
2626:Bank Negara Malaysia
2606:World Takaful Report
1752:law of large numbers
1492:, without accepting
1462:Islamic institutions
1447:History & models
1265:commercial insurance
5960:Rochdale Principles
5955:Mutual savings bank
5950:Mutual organization
5935:Cooperative banking
5852:Mesopotamian banker
5132:Longevity insurance
3095:منان, عتاب (2020).
2987:on 11 November 2021
2604:Ernst & Young,
2560:Jamaldeen, Faleel.
1504:in Islam teaching.
1398:and Imam Abu Daud.)
1328:Muslim World League
6030:Types of insurance
5712:Insurable interest
5213:Payment protection
5114:Payment protection
4957:Quran and miracles
4871:Criticism of Islam
4575:Geometric patterns
4427:Gender segregation
3998:Non-denominational
3309:Sharia investments
3304:Securities trading
3229:Bai' Bithaman Ajil
2349:, p. 331-350.
2278:, p. 685,686)
1956:on 13 October 2016
1716:is the commercial
685:Gender segregation
248:Islamic leadership
6012:
6011:
5857:Code of Hammurabi
5832:Vehicle insurance
5727:Replacement value
5619:Actual cash value
5583:Adverse selection
5573:Actuarial science
5547:
5546:
5479:Kidnap and ransom
5452:Extended warranty
5099:Income protection
5008:
5007:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4942:Domestic violence
4932:Islamic terrorism
4927:Islamic extremism
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4302:Marriage contract
4132:
4131:
4092:Political aspects
3821:Story of Prophets
3590:Prophets of Islam
3493:
3492:
3401:Abdul Azim Islahi
3385:Modern gold dinar
2221:abuaminaelias.com
1619:A combination of
1542:theorized in his
1528:Abbasid Caliphate
1415:One true Muslim (
1332:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
1136:
1135:
1128:
1074:
1073:
988:
987:
846:
845:
660:
659:
513:
512:
438:
437:
231:
230:
6042:
5970:Social insurance
5925:Friendly society
5817:Health insurance
5645:Short rate table
5393:Catastrophe bond
5294:Lenders mortgage
5055:
5054:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5012:
5011:
4998:
4997:
4990:Islam portal
4988:
4987:
4986:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4595:Medieval science
4538:
4537:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4179:Economic history
4162:
4161:
4138:
4137:
4124:Islam by country
3909:Bektashi Alevism
3547:
3546:
3538:Outline of Islam
3520:
3513:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3426:Waleed El-Ansary
3196:
3189:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3126:
3116:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3021:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2836:. Archived from
2825:
2804:
2803:
2791:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2134:corpus.quran.com
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2031:. Archived from
2020:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1942:
1925:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1896:. Archived from
1883:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1835:
1820:
1810:
1786:
1782:
1544:Academic journal
1517:Hisham ibn Urwah
1458:Entrepreneurship
1396:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
1380:Sūrat al-Māʼidah
1347:Scriptural basis
1148:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1106:this article by
1097:inline citations
1084:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1029:Prisoners of war
1024:
982:
977:Comparison with
861:
860:
726:
725:
653:
642:
631:
614:
604:
595:
585:
574:
563:
552:
528:
527:
440:
439:
317:
316:
276:Wilayat al-faqih
262:Majlis-ash-Shura
61:
60:
48:
19:
18:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6025:Islamic banking
6015:
6014:
6013:
6008:
5986:
5982:Insurance cycle
5945:Fraternal order
5838:
5769:
5763:
5722:Proximate cause
5717:Insurance fraud
5697:General average
5656:Claims adjuster
5598:Risk management
5593:Risk assessment
5557:
5554:
5543:
5509:Prize indemnity
5376:
5324:
5318:
5247:
5208:Over-redemption
5166:
5118:
5109:National health
5050:
5044:
5039:
5009:
5004:
4984:
4982:
4966:
4888:Cultural Muslim
4859:
4826:
4772:Other religions
4762:
4758:
4740:
4675:
4642:
4589:
4532:
4530:Islamic studies
4526:
4508:
4342:
4287:
4264:
4211:
4156:
4155:
4128:
4077:Moral teachings
4020:
4002:
3976:Nation of Islam
3889:Twelver Shi'ism
3826:
3792:Religious texts
3786:
3704:Early conquests
3687:
3669:
3621:
3541:
3530:
3524:
3494:
3489:
3482:
3476:
3451:
3430:
3389:
3348:
3205:
3200:
3167:
3154:
3152:
3085:
3083:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3048:. Darul Falah.
3032:
3030:
2990:
2988:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2933:
2931:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2792:
2785:
2776:
2772:
2764:Islamic Finance
2760:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2718:
2714:
2703:
2696:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2603:
2599:
2587:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2530:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2084:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:Islamic Finance
1994:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1884:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1836:
1823:
1811:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1732:takaful ta'āwun
1727:
1656:
1597:
1560:
1449:
1349:
1340:
1261:
1230:
1224:) is disputed.
1191:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1102:Please help to
1101:
1085:
1081:
1070:
1040:Islamic studies
1034:
1033:
1022:
1000:
990:
989:
975:
972:
940:
858:
848:
847:
835:
783:
723:
713:
712:
711:
672:
662:
661:
651:
640:
630:(discretionary)
629:
612:
602:
593:
590:Mofsed-e-filarz
583:
572:
561:
550:
525:
515:
514:
509:
422:
374:
342:
314:
304:
303:
302:
243:
233:
232:
227:
135:
134:
106:
58:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6048:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6003:List of topics
5999:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5888:Burial society
5878:
5877:
5876:
5870:§235–238; §240
5862:§100–105; §126
5854:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5812:Climate change
5804:
5802:United Kingdom
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5749:
5747:Underinsurance
5744:
5739:
5737:Self-insurance
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5504:Political risk
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5484:Legal expenses
5481:
5476:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5264:Builder's risk
5261:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5188:Business owner
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Universal life
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:Long-term care
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4867:
4865:
4864:Related topics
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4776:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4485:Sources of law
4482:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Social welfare
4106:
4101:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3934:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3735:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3714:Historiography
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3127:
3092:
3067:
3054:
3039:
2997:
2968:
2955:
2940:
2923:(3): 331–350.
2908:
2895:
2880:
2867:
2852:
2832:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2783:
2770:
2754:
2738:
2712:
2694:
2678:
2647:
2631:
2610:
2597:
2574:
2552:
2540:
2531:|journal=
2492:
2483:, p. 783.
2473:
2454:
2437:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2351:
2336:
2334:, p. 242.
2324:
2315:|journal=
2280:
2276:al Bushi (2019
2268:
2254:
2234:
2208:
2194:
2174:
2146:
2121:
2094:
2075:
2048:
2027:
2004:
1988:
1967:
1926:
1910:
1873:
1855:
1846:
1821:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1726:
1723:
1718:profit-sharing
1655:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1628:
1617:
1607:
1596:
1593:
1559:
1556:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1413:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1365:
1364:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1260:
1257:
1229:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1190:
1187:
1134:
1133:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1009:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
991:
986:
985:
984:
983:
971:
970:
965:
960:
952:
949:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
875:
870:
864:
859:
854:
853:
850:
849:
844:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
826:
819:
812:
804:
801:
800:
794:
793:
792:
791:
782:
781:
767:
760:
753:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
719:
718:
715:
714:
710:
709:
704:
699:
692:
682:
674:
673:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
656:
655:
652:(compensation)
644:
633:
619:
618:
617:
616:
605:
596:
587:
576:
565:
554:
543:
538:
526:
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
508:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
450:
447:
446:
436:
435:
434:
433:
428:
421:
420:
413:
406:
405:
404:
397:
385:
379:
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
351:
343:
341:
340:
333:
327:
324:
323:
315:
310:
309:
306:
305:
301:
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
252:
251:
250:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
228:
226:
225:
210:
203:
195:
183:
180:
179:
171:
170:
162:
161:
153:
152:
151:
150:
143:
136:
133:
132:
124:
115:
109:
105:
104:
97:
90:
82:
79:
78:
70:
69:
59:
54:
53:
50:
49:
41:
40:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6047:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5807:United States
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5691:Force majeure
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5612:Value of life
5610:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Interest rate
5472:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Inland marine
5340:
5338:
5337:GAP insurance
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:Communication
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:Unitised fund
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Mortgage life
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5001:
4993:
4991:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4903:Post-Islamism
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4795:Protestantism
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4755:
4751:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Ophthalmology
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4381:Death penalty
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:Other aspects
4345:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4151:Jurisprudence
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3832:Denominations
3829:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
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3789:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
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3724:
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3717:
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3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
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3692:
3691:
3689:
3684:
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3679:
3676:
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3658:
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3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3617:Holiest sites
3615:
3613:
3612:Judgement Day
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
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3533:
3528:
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3516:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
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3458:
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3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3392:
3386:
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3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
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3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Qard al-Hasan
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Bai' al 'Inah
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3103:(in Arabic).
3102:
3098:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3057:
3055:9786029208078
3051:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2958:
2956:9786021974209
2952:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2898:
2896:9781782544159
2892:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2870:
2868:9781118233900
2864:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2843:on 2018-04-03
2839:
2835:
2833:9780521864145
2829:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2691:
2689:
2682:
2668:on 2022-02-10
2664:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2628:. 2009-12-01.
2627:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:Al-Harbi 2015
2458:
2451:
2440:
2438:9796500450896
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2388:, p. 4l.
2387:
2386:Karaoğlu 2020
2382:
2376:, p. 46.
2375:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:Al-Harbi 2017
2343:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2307:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2257:
2255:9783319479378
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2197:
2195:9781849807937
2191:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2038:on 2018-04-03
2034:
2030:
2028:9780521864145
2024:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1983:uaelaws.files
1977:
1971:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1900:on 2020-08-02
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1746:writes that:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:Al-mudharabah
1711:
1709:
1708:al-mudharabah
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1680:al-mudharabah
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:Zafarul Islam
1537:
1533:
1532:Dar-uz Zubayr
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1434:
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1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
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1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1228:Fiqh scholars
1225:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1127:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
993:
981:
980:
974:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
954:
953:
951:
950:
947:
944:
943:
937:
936:
932:
930:
929:
925:
923:
922:
918:
916:
915:
911:
909:
908:
904:
902:
901:
897:
895:
894:
890:
888:
887:
883:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
862:
857:
852:
851:
842:
839:
838:
832:
831:
827:
825:
824:
820:
818:
817:
813:
811:
810:
806:
805:
803:
802:
799:
796:
795:
790:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
772:
768:
766:
765:
761:
759:
758:
754:
752:
751:
747:
746:
744:
743:
740:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
727:
722:
717:
716:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:
693:
690:
686:
683:
681:
680:
676:
675:
671:
666:
665:
654:
649:
645:
643:
641:(retaliation)
638:
634:
632:
627:
623:
622:
621:
620:
615:
610:
606:
600:
597:
591:
588:
586:
581:
577:
575:
570:
566:
564:
562:(illicit sex)
559:
555:
553:
548:
544:
542:
539:
537:
536:
532:
531:
530:
529:
524:
519:
518:
506:
505:
501:
499:
498:
494:
492:
491:
487:
485:
484:
480:
478:
477:
473:
471:
470:
466:
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:
452:
451:
449:
448:
445:
442:
441:
432:
431:Breastfeeding
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
414:
412:
411:
407:
403:
402:
398:
396:
395:
391:
390:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
378:
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371:
370:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
356:
352:
350:
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345:
344:
339:
338:
334:
332:
329:
328:
326:
325:
322:
319:
318:
313:
308:
307:
299:
298:
294:
292:
291:
287:
285:
284:
280:
278:
277:
273:
271:
270:
266:
264:
263:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
246:
245:
242:
237:
236:
223:
222:
216:
215:
211:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
196:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
149:
148:
144:
142:
141:
137:
130:
129:
125:
123:
122:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:Sunnah prayer
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
96:
95:
91:
89:
88:
84:
83:
81:
80:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
57:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
39:
37:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
6001:
5994:
5940:Credit union
5906:
5899:
5880:
5752:Underwriting
5707:Insurability
5689:
5668:Co-insurance
5638:
5634:Cancellation
5513:
5425:Catastrophic
5410:Climate risk
5238:Trade credit
4915:Islamophobia
4780:Christianity
4728:
4661:Contemporary
4555:Architecture
4494:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4394:
4387:
4353:
4335:
4330:Nikah mut'ah
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4257:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4096:
3819:
3743:
3725:
3718:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:Five Pillars
3604:
3570:
3559:God in Islam
3536:
3469:
3462:
3416:Rusni Hassan
3318:
3234:Bai' Muajjal
3168:
3153:. Retrieved
3142:(1): 41–48.
3139:
3135:
3104:
3100:
3084:. Retrieved
3079:
3075:
3059:. Retrieved
3044:
3031:. Retrieved
3009:
3005:
2989:. Retrieved
2985:the original
2980:
2976:
2960:. Retrieved
2945:
2932:. Retrieved
2920:
2916:
2900:. Retrieved
2885:
2872:. Retrieved
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2838:the original
2819:
2802:. wordpress.
2799:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2757:
2747:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2725:
2715:
2706:
2687:
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2663:the original
2650:
2640:
2634:
2613:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2565:. Retrieved
2555:
2522:cite journal
2495:
2476:
2464:, p. 1.
2457:
2449:
2442:. Retrieved
2427:
2412:, p. 1.
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2332:Tarmizi 2017
2327:
2306:cite journal
2294:. Retrieved
2283:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2244:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2223:. 2010-09-28
2220:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2184:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2133:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2104:
2097:
2087:
2066:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2040:. Retrieved
2033:the original
2014:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1982:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:the original
1950:takaful.coop
1949:
1919:
1913:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1891:
1870:. July 2019.
1867:
1858:
1849:
1839:
1814:
1780:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1697:In essence,
1696:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1672:sahib-ul-mal
1671:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1585:
1563:
1561:
1546:released by
1531:
1525:
1506:
1454:Majmu Fatawa
1450:
1442:
1432:
1416:
1401:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1350:
1341:
1320:Saudi Arabia
1313:
1301:
1281:
1271:
1262:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1234:Fiqh Academy
1231:
1219:
1216:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1165:(usury) and
1160:
1154:
1138:
1137:
1122:
1113:
1094:
1019:
1011:
1004:
978:
955:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
828:
822:
821:
814:
807:
786:
775:
769:
762:
755:
748:
736:
694:
677:
647:
636:
625:
608:
603:("sedition")
584:("mischief")
579:
568:
557:
546:
533:
504:Masturbation
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
415:
408:
399:
392:
367:
360:
353:
346:
335:
295:
288:
281:
274:
267:
260:
220:
212:
205:
198:
186:
174:
165:
156:
145:
138:
126:
119:
110:
99:
92:
85:
73:
64:
35:
5975:Trade union
5930:Cooperative
5603:Uncertainty
5462:Index-based
5430:Multi-peril
5388:Reinsurance
5347:Public auto
5252:Residential
4785:Catholicism
4680:Other areas
4671:Theological
4666:Eschatology
4623:Mathematics
4560:Calligraphy
4490:Theological
4444:Inheritance
4361:Cleanliness
3733:Shi'a Imams
3727:Ahl al-Bayt
3421:Umer Chapra
3086:11 November
3061:20 November
3012:(1): 1–18.
2991:11 November
2731:7 September
2726:icr journal
2639:Jamaldeen,
2444:18 December
2410:Zaroni 2007
2296:15 December
2261:7 September
2227:7 September
2201:7 September
2162:takaful.com
2139:7 September
2086:Jamaldeen,
2068:24 December
1668:ra's-ul-mal
1666:, known as
1660:al-Mudharib
1474:Fundraising
1427:Imam Muslim
1410:Imam Muslim
1382:, Verse 2)
1276:uncertainty
1116:August 2016
1108:introducing
841:Inheritance
788:Bayt al-mal
147:Nafl prayer
6019:Categories
5770:by country
5768:Insurance
5742:Total loss
5663:Deductible
5624:Cash value
5568:Act of God
5553:Insurance
5467:Parametric
5447:Expatriate
5323:Transport/
5289:Landlords'
5274:Earthquake
5162:Whole life
5082:Disability
4845:Ex-Muslims
4730:Shu'ubiyya
4724:Psychology
4712:Literature
4702:Inventions
4648:Philosophy
4456:Leadership
4432:Honorifics
4087:Philosophy
3894:Isma'ilism
3855:Maturidism
3738:Caliphates
3709:Golden Age
3600:Revelation
3464:Iqtisaduna
3375:Gold dinar
3155:6 November
3033:6 November
2962:24 October
2934:6 November
2847:2017-03-09
2762:El-Gamal,
2672:2019-05-01
2481:Islam 1984
2374:Lateh 2016
2062:Doc Player
2042:2017-03-09
1996:El-Gamal,
1904:2016-08-10
1767:References
1704:al-takaful
1652:Mudharabah
1625:Mudharabah
1604:Mudharabah
1558:Modern era
1513:Alexandria
1189:Principles
1091:references
702:Honorifics
551:(gambling)
5916:Syndicate
5882:Collegium
5777:Australia
5732:Risk pool
5702:Indemnity
5673:Copayment
5607:Knightian
5519:Terrorism
5489:Liability
5357:Satellite
5218:Pollution
5142:Term life
5051:insurance
5049:Types of
5042:Insurance
4962:Symbolism
4920:Incidents
4898:Criticism
4790:Mormonism
4687:Astrology
4613:Cosmology
4608:Astronomy
4550:Arabesque
4417:Etiquette
4376:Blasphemy
4166:Economics
3981:Ahmadiyya
3923:Muhakkima
3870:Wahhabism
3860:Mu'tazili
3845:Ash'arism
3284:Musharaka
3279:Musawamah
3239:Bai Salam
3123:225896422
3028:240627919
2514:243249574
2398:منان 2020
2167:12 August
1960:12 August
1793:Citations
1725:Criticism
1486:investing
1282:Al-Maisir
1272:Al-Gharar
1020:Istijarah
670:Etiquette
613:(stoning)
541:Blasphemy
256:Caliphate
241:Political
5996:Category
5874:§275–277
5792:Pakistan
5640:Pro rata
5529:War risk
5494:No-fault
5405:Casualty
5362:Shipping
5332:Aviation
5309:Renters'
5304:Property
5299:Mortgage
5269:Contents
5243:Umbrella
5203:Fidelity
5171:Business
5067:Accident
5000:Category
4893:Islamism
4876:Muhammad
4832:Apostasy
4807:Hinduism
4697:Feminism
4628:Medicine
4468:Military
4422:Gambling
4371:Apostasy
4366:Criminal
4278:Marriage
4247:Tayammum
4199:Murabaha
4072:Madrasas
4062:Holidays
4052:Clothing
4047:Children
4042:Calendar
3993:Quranism
3927:Khawarij
3899:Alawites
3850:Atharism
3744:Rashidun
3583:In Islam
3578:Muhammad
3394:Scholars
3353:Currency
3324:Tawarruq
3274:Murabaha
3269:Mudaraba
3264:Muamalat
3211:Concepts
2902:26 March
2874:15 March
2114:9 August
1699:tabarru'
1692:tabarru'
1688:tabarru'
1664:premiums
1621:Tabarru'
1614:Tabarru'
1610:Tabarru'
1536:deposits
1521:Ibn Sa'd
1494:interest
1437:Paradise
1376:al-Taqwa
1357:Muhammad
1286:gambling
1178:Muamalat
1023:(asylum)
998:Military
957:Dhabihah
914:Tayammum
816:Murabaha
721:Economic
523:Criminal
462:Abortion
426:Adoption
383:Polygyny
331:Contract
321:Marriage
193:clothing
128:Tahajjud
24:a series
22:Part of
5921:Benefit
5908:Digesta
5844:History
5578:Actuary
5534:Weather
5524:Tuition
5514:Takaful
5442:Deposit
5372:Vehicle
4947:Nursing
4908:Qutbism
4822:Sikhism
4817:Judaism
4812:Jainism
4802:Druzism
4638:Physics
4585:Pottery
4570:Gardens
4565:Carpets
4480:Slavery
4402:Divorce
4389:Dhabiĥa
4217:Hygiene
4192:Takaful
4174:Banking
4104:Science
4098:Qurbani
4067:Mosques
4027:Animals
4016:Culture
3950:Nukkari
3945:Azzabas
3932:Azariqa
3916:Zaydism
3904:Alevism
3780:Ottoman
3770:Almohad
3765:Fatimid
3760:Córdoba
3755:Abbasid
3750:Umayyad
3683:Leaders
3678:History
3636:Shahada
3551:Beliefs
3380:Mithqal
3334:Wakalah
3319:Takaful
3259:Istisna
3165:Sources
2768:: p.170
2752:: p.409
2692:: p.405
2645:: p.302
2595:: p.408
2567:24 July
2092:: p.295
2002:: p.147
1924:: p.410
1844:: p.402
1819:: p.403
1676:profits
1643:Al Waqf
1639:Al Waqf
1578:of the
1526:During
1423:Bukhari
1406:Bukhari
1374:and in
1372:al-Birr
1236:of the
1151:Islamic
1147:التكافل
1139:Takaful
1104:improve
979:kashrut
963:Alcohol
946:Dietary
935:Istinja
879:Taharah
856:Hygiene
823:Takaful
798:Banking
774: (
771:Sadaqah
730:History
569:Hirabah
483:Hygiene
417:Kafa'ah
388:Divorce
269:Imamate
217: (
191: (
121:Tarawih
87:Raka'ah
66:Shahada
5797:Serbia
5757:Profit
5629:Broker
5555:policy
5367:Travel
5352:Marine
5259:Boiler
5233:Surety
5077:Dental
5059:Health
4759:
4717:poetry
4527:
4412:Ethics
4396:Dhimmi
4355:Baligh
4316:Mahram
4273:Family
4253:Toilet
4233:Miswak
3986:Lahori
3969:Najdat
3865:Salafi
3815:Seerah
3810:Tafsir
3805:Hadith
3775:Sokoto
3720:Sahaba
3595:Angels
3572:Tawhid
3529:topics
3365:Dirham
3329:Wadiah
3254:Ijarah
3244:Gharar
3121:
3052:
3026:
2953:
2893:
2865:
2830:
2766:, 2006
2750:, 2013
2746:Khan,
2690:, 2013
2686:Khan,
2643:, 2012
2593:, 2013
2589:Khan,
2512:
2435:
2252:
2192:
2090:, 2012
2025:
2000:, 2006
1922:, 2013
1918:Khan,
1842:, 2013
1838:Khan,
1817:, 2013
1813:Khan,
1632:Wakala
1595:Models
1572:Medina
1564:aquila
1552:Gharar
1498:profit
1478:Sharia
1470:ethics
1418:Mu’min
1386:Hadith
1363:Qur'an
1353:hadith
1252:gharar
1168:gharar
1156:sharia
1143:Arabic
1093:, but
921:Miswak
873:Toilet
868:Sexual
707:Toilet
696:Mahram
689:Purdah
650:
639:
628:
611:
601:
592:
582:
571:
560:
549:
547:Maisir
469:Baligh
444:Sexual
369:Mut‘ah
355:Halala
348:Misyar
312:Family
290:Dhimmi
283:Bay'ah
199:Mut'ah
101:Turbah
56:Ritual
5893:Guild
5787:India
5782:China
5651:Claim
5457:Group
5437:Cyber
5415:Crime
5381:Other
5314:Title
5279:Flood
4881:Quran
4761:Other
4656:Early
4580:Music
4496:Kalam
4450:Jizya
4438:Hudud
4323:Nikah
4240:Najis
4226:Ghusl
4185:Sukuk
4114:Women
4082:Music
4057:Flags
3962:Sufri
3955:Wahbi
3940:Ibadi
3840:Sunni
3800:Quran
3657:Zakat
3643:Salah
3606:Qadar
3564:Allah
3527:Islam
3456:Works
3435:Other
3360:Dinar
3344:Zakat
3314:Sukuk
3294:Qirad
3249:Hibah
3119:S2CID
3107:(2).
3024:S2CID
2841:(PDF)
2824:(PDF)
2666:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2622:(PDF)
2510:S2CID
2158:(PDF)
2109:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
1979:(PDF)
1772:Notes
1568:Mecca
1502:usury
1490:money
1324:Mecca
1296:usury
1243:haram
1221:haram
1013:Hudna
1006:Jihad
928:Najis
907:Ghusl
900:Masah
886:Ihram
830:Sukuk
764:Khums
757:Nisab
750:Jizya
738:Zakat
637:Qisas
626:Tazir
599:Fitna
580:Fasad
535:Hudud
455:Awrah
410:Iddah
401:Zihar
394:Khula
214:Umrah
207:Tawaf
188:Ihram
167:Zakat
94:Qibla
75:Salah
5866:§234
5588:Risk
5558:and
5420:Crop
5284:Home
5178:Bond
5124:Life
4542:Arts
4473:POWs
4407:Diet
4337:Zina
4309:Mahr
4295:Haya
4259:Wudu
4206:Riba
4119:LGBT
4011:Life
3884:Shia
3879:Sufi
3664:Hajj
3650:Sawm
3370:Fals
3339:Waqf
3299:Riba
3219:Aqad
3157:2021
3088:2021
3063:2021
3050:ISBN
3035:2021
2993:2021
2964:2021
2951:ISBN
2936:2021
2904:2015
2891:ISBN
2876:2017
2863:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2733:2017
2608:2010
2569:2016
2535:help
2487:help
2468:help
2446:2021
2433:ISBN
2319:help
2298:2021
2263:2017
2250:ISBN
2229:2017
2203:2017
2190:ISBN
2169:2016
2141:2017
2116:2016
2070:2021
2023:ISBN
1962:2016
1706:and
1650:The
1623:and
1570:and
1488:the
1484:and
1482:loan
1466:Fiqh
1425:and
1408:and
1292:Riba
1162:riba
1153:or
968:Pork
893:Wudu
809:Riba
777:Waqf
679:Adab
648:Diya
609:Rajm
558:Zina
497:Zina
490:Rape
476:Haya
362:Urfi
337:Mahr
297:Aman
221:Hajj
219:and
176:Hajj
158:Sawm
140:Witr
36:fiqh
5560:law
5499:Pet
4283:Sex
4146:Law
4032:Art
3144:doi
3109:doi
3082:(1)
3014:doi
2925:doi
2502:doi
1589:AIG
1496:as
1472:of
1392:God
6021::
5872:;
5868:;
5864:;
3138:.
3134:.
3117:.
3080:15
3078:.
3074:.
3022:.
3008:.
3004:.
2979:.
2921:10
2919:.
2915:.
2798:.
2786:^
2724:.
2697:^
2624:.
2577:^
2543:^
2526::
2524:}}
2520:{{
2508:.
2448:.
2417:^
2354:^
2339:^
2310::
2308:}}
2304:{{
2219:.
2160:.
2132:.
2078:^
2060:.
1981:.
1948:.
1929:^
1890:.
1876:^
1866:.
1824:^
1801:^
1710:.
1538:.
1523:.
1145::
26:on
5923:/
5605:/
5034:e
5027:t
5020:v
3925:/
3519:e
3512:t
3505:v
3195:e
3188:t
3181:v
3159:.
3146::
3140:4
3125:.
3111::
3105:4
3090:.
3065:.
3037:.
3016::
3010:6
2995:.
2981:4
2966:.
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2927::
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2878:.
2850:.
2735:.
2675:.
2571:.
2537:)
2533:(
2516:.
2504::
2489:)
2470:)
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2321:)
2317:(
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2231:.
2205:.
2171:.
2143:.
2118:.
2072:.
2045:.
1985:.
1964:.
1907:.
1429:)
1412:)
1298:)
1294:(
1288:)
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1278:)
1274:(
1218:(
1141:(
1129:)
1123:(
1118:)
1114:(
1100:.
1065:e
1058:t
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