1036:
merchants across China, this was because the units of the Kuping tael varied often to the advantage of imperial tax collectors, this form of corruption was an extra source of income for government bureaucrats at the expense of traders. The
Haikwan tael unit was completely uniform, it was very carefully defined, and its creation had been negotiated among the various colonial powers and the government of the Qing dynasty. The Haikwan tael was on average 5% to 10% larger than the various local tael units that had existed in China, this was done as it deliberately excluded any form of extra surcharges which were embedded in the other units of the silver tael that existed as a form of intermediary income for local government tax collection, these surcharges were added to local taels as a form of corruption and these taxes never reached the imperial government under the traditional fiscal regime.
808:
1394:
1422:
816:
548:
1335:
1408:
1028:. This agency was placed in charge of collecting transit taxes for traded goods that were shipped both in and out of the Chinese Empire, these rules and regulations were all stipulated in various trade treaties that were imposed on the Qing by the Western colonial powers. Because these changes were implemented during the height of the
1035:
The
Imperial Maritime Customs Service developed the Haikwan tael (海關兩), this new form of measurement was an abstract unit of silver tael that would become the nationwide standard unit of account in silver for any form of Customs tax. The Haikwan tael was preferred over the Kuping tael (庫平兩) by many
937:
and their value was determined by their weight in taels. They were made by individual silversmiths for local exchange, and as such the shape and amount of extra detail on each ingot were highly variable; square and oval shapes were common but "boat", flower, tortoise and others are known. The tael
1200:
Some foodstuffs in China are sold in units also called "taels", but which do not necessarily weigh one tael. For cooked rice, the weight of the tael is approximated using special tael-sized ladles. Other items sold in taels include the
1147:
The tael is still in use as a weight measurement in a number of countries though usually only in limited contexts. In
English-speaking countries, measurement scales that support Tael as a unit will typically abbreviate it as "tl".
1020:
banking companies started to begin to accept deposits. They would issue banknotes which were convertible into silver; these banknotes were popularized among the
Chinese public that resided in the treaty ports.
942:
as the basis of the silver currency and sycee remained in use until the end of the dynasty in 1911. Common weights were 50, 10, 5 and one tael. Before the year 1840 the government of the
2076:
1378:) unit of 37.5 g is used for domestic transactions in gold. Real estate prices are often quoted in taels of gold rather than the local currency over concerns over
2350:
2503:
1032:, the Western powers had managed to take over the complete administration of the Qing's maritime customs from the imperial Chinese governmental bureaucracy.
1481:
1897:
1360:
as 100 g, which is commonly used at food markets where many items typically weigh in the 100–900 g range. However, a different tael (called
1818:
2382:
2960:
1786:
2414:
2410:
2343:
2496:
2529:
3015:
2336:
2489:
1811:
1295:(equal to 16 taels) is still frequently used in Taiwan, the tael is only used for precious metals and herbal medicines.
807:
799:) is still used to mean two options are exactly equivalent, similar to the English "six of one, half a dozen of the other".
2917:
2738:
1950:
1108:
3073:
3063:
2592:
1111:
cleared all banknotes denominated in the ancient tael currency, making all bills which used this currency unit obsolete.
1083:; 'customs') tael 37.8 grams (1.22 ozt). The conversion rates between various common taels were well known.
837:
In China, there were many different weighting standards of tael depending on the region or type of trade. In general the
1601:"IMPERIAL CHINESE CURRENCY OF THE TAI'PING REBELLION - PART III - CH'ING DYNASTY SILVER TAEL NOTES by John E. Sandrock"
690:, meaning "weight". Early English forms of the name such as "tay" or "taes" derive from the Portuguese plural of tael,
1600:
2155:
1092:
1804:
1025:
986:
alongside the China's main waterways and its coastal areas, these treaty ports would fundamentally change both the
2619:
972:
1268:
The Taiwan tael is 37.5 g and is still used in some contexts. The Taiwan tael is derived from the tael or
909:
265:
124:
45:
2995:
2985:
2582:
2223:
1284:
1176:
869:; 'canal shipping standard') tael weighed 36.7 grams (1.18 ozt) of marginally less pure silver.
59:
3068:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2844:
2672:
2544:
2472:
2315:
1998:
956:
655:
609:
960:
for 1 tael of silver before 1820, but after the year 1840 this official exchange rate was double to 2,000
855:; 'treasury standard') tael, weighing 37.5 grams (1.21 ozt). A common commercial weight, the
2524:
2319:
2013:
1435:
991:
987:
2690:
1229:, and is still in active use. In Hong Kong, one tael is 37.799364167 g, and in ordinance 22 of 1884 is
1765:
1648:
1642:"Money and Monetary System in China in the 19th-20th Century: An Overview. (Working Papers No. 159/12)"
1551:
1217:
commonly sold in
Shanghai. In these cases, one tael is traditionally four and eight buns respectively.
464:
327:
2935:
2640:
2168:
1985:
1573:
1440:
1314:
288:
790:
2892:
2795:
2790:
1002:
merchant houses and later banks that would engage in the
Chinese money exchange and trade finance.
891:
826:
387:
2725:
2682:
2534:
1120:
659:
3078:
2277:
2567:
1734:
1673:
1544:
20:
2902:
2805:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2572:
2552:
939:
811:
A Chinese silver liǎng (銀兩 / 银两) with stamps Used in
Central Asia as a "Silver Hoof" ingot.
593:
8:
2733:
2624:
2587:
2562:
2557:
2067:
1527:
951:
732:
677:
433:
185:
1139:. As of February 2024 the price of silver is about 254 yuan RMB/tael of 50 g.
841:
tael weighed around 40 grams (1.3 ozt). The most common government measure was the
815:
1686:
The standard ingot of China weighs about 50 taels (from 49 to 54) and, formerly called
1427:
1379:
162:
2956:
2948:
2943:
2927:
2775:
2770:
2252:
1545:"In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845)"
1029:
881:
2163:
1 yuan (元 / 圓) = 10 jiao or hou (角 / 毫) = 100 fen or sin (分 / 仙) = cash 1000 (釐 / 文)
1339:
3042:
3023:
3005:
2780:
2272:
1347:
1203:
968:
785:
775:
752:
705:
561:
302:
82:
3028:
2876:
2753:
2328:
2298:
2172:
2136:
2132:
2094:
1790:
1096:
1017:
899:
498:
452:
751:, where it is still used in some contexts especially related to the significant
2660:
2655:
2650:
2577:
2212:
2192:
2140:
1969:
1742:
1577:
1459:
1319:
1006:
681:
654:, albeit with slightly different metric equivalents in these two places. These
601:
479:
410:
103:
1842:
933:
and other currencies of fine metals were not denominated or made by a central
3057:
2907:
2826:
2800:
2700:
2645:
2597:
2365:
1833:
1641:
1190:
999:
976:
418:
2912:
2450:
2425:
2058:
2042:
2038:
2009:
1989:
1413:
1399:
1194:
1136:
1132:
1128:
943:
547:
199:
152:
89:
1796:
1502:
2860:
2821:
2765:
2715:
2705:
2459:
2435:
2401:
2397:
2369:
2114:
2098:
2017:
1965:
1941:
1920:
1878:
1862:
1209:
1042:
983:
934:
628:
514:
232:
228:
1107:; 'Abolishing tael and changing to yuan'). During this time the
982:
The forced opening of China during the Qing dynasty created a number of
2897:
1669:
1463:
1334:
822:
2481:
1024:
An important development during this era was the establishment of the
769:
761:
206:
2852:
2743:
2710:
2439:
2263:
2203:
2183:
2102:
1954:
1914:
1226:
1062:
744:
624:
620:
597:
117:
2971:
2785:
2695:
2665:
2232:
1846:
1704:(jewel, article of value, as in the inscription on the copper cash
1309:
1124:
1066:
1061:
The local tael took precedence over any central measure. Thus, the
740:
613:
364:
138:
1012:
Various
Western banking companies, the largest of which were the
159:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
971:, the government of the Qing dynasty was forced to re-introduce
2748:
2243:
1538:
1536:
995:
838:
830:
748:
590:
220:
1678:
Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society
1326:; nowadays, as a unit of weight it is fixed at 60 grams.
1005:
Between the years 1840 and 1900, 1 market tael was worth 1.38
833:. In descending size, 30, 20, 10, 5, 4, 3, and 2 tael weights.
2760:
2378:
2289:
1886:
1618:
1292:
1243:
1214:
947:
930:
877:
873:
819:
714:
651:
605:
350:
242:
167:
1533:
1197:
for details.) In
Shanghai, silver is still traded in taels.
1323:
1246:
Similar to Hong Kong, in Singapore, one tael is defined as
1065:
tael weighed 37.5 grams (1.21 ozt), the Convention or
1013:
685:
570:
415:
916:) as both a unit of weight and, by extension, a currency.
2030:
1 (Song official) short string (貫 / 索 / 緡) = 770 cash (文)
720:
616:. The Chinese tael was standardized to 50 grams in 1959.
143:
129:
1726:
994:, these changes were introduced by the establishment of
1503:"Weights and Measures Act (CHAPTER 349) Third Schedule"
1095:
abolished the tael and completely replaced it with the
332:
1592:
392:
1123:
basis, one tael of silver was worth about 4,130 yuan
1056:
1048:
1040:
108:
94:
1389:
979:(戶部官票) silver notes that were denominated in taels.
723:
711:
573:
567:
520:
270:
717:
708:
564:
2358:
2026:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
1977:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 Qian (錢)
1530:at A Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English.
1322:. It was used as a unit of currency equal to four
946:had set the official exchange rate between silver
3055:
1598:
1552:London School of Economics and Political Science
1373:
1367:
1361:
1353:
691:
438:
204:
190:
1732:
1571:
1269:
307:
293:
2458:1 Liang (兩) = 1 Qian (錢) = 100 Fen (分) = 1000
2113:(兩) = 10 mace (錢) = 100 candareens (分) = 1000
1276:
1189:catty (500 g) to make it compatible with
1179:in 1959. The new market tael was 50 g or
885:
872:As in China, other parts of East Asia such as
739:English today when referring to the weight in
369:
355:
2497:
2344:
2195:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分) = li 1000 (釐)
1812:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1565:
1350:, the colonial administration fixed the tael
1069:tael was 33.9 grams (1.09 ozt), and the
975:, among the paper money it produced were the
767:
759:
64:
50:
2075:1 Chuan (串) / 1 Diao (吊) ≈ 1000 cash (文) or
903:
662:stores as well as gold and silver exchange.
503:
247:
225:
1826:
1787:World Gold Council description of gold bars
484:
2504:
2490:
2351:
2337:
1997:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000
1819:
1805:
1220:
2530:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
782:. The phrase "half a catty, eight taels"
2275:(元) = 10 hou (毫) = 100 cents (仙) = 1000
1639:
1497:
1495:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1333:
814:
806:
546:
2511:
1542:
1312:equivalent of the tael is known as the
1260:ounce and is approximated as 37.7994 g
1091:In the year 1933 the government of the
3056:
1291:) which was 37.5 g. Although the
1225:The tael is a legal weight measure in
1175:) of 31.25 g was modified by the
1039:Near the end of the Qing dynasty, one
2485:
2332:
1800:
1668:
1492:
1469:
1733:Ulrich Theobald (24 November 2015).
1713:= "current coin") and more commonly
1086:
1114:
802:
505:
13:
1763:
1647:. Department of Economic History,
1550:. Department of Economic History,
1453:
1151:
1057:Conversion rates in imperial China
589:, can refer to any one of several
14:
3090:
2815:Manufacturing and casting process
2255:(圓) = 10 dime (角) = 100 cents (分)
1780:
1572:Ulrich Theobald (13 April 2016).
1156:
1026:Imperial Maritime Customs Service
924:
1766:"Weird ways people buy property"
1764:Ng, Shawn (September 13, 2017).
1482:"Weights and Measures Ordinance"
1420:
1406:
1392:
1142:
1135:, and 660.8 yuan RMB in the mid
1119:Modern studies suggest that, on
919:
704:
560:
2620:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
2593:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
2409:1 Jin (斤) = 16 Liang (兩) = 348
2235:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
2215:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
1757:
168:
144:
130:
3016:Special administrative regions
2359:Monetary weight units of China
2133:Yuan / dollar / Mexican dollar
1709:
1700:
1691:
1662:
1521:
1171:
1104:
1079:
865:
851:
768:
760:
637:
393:
333:
271:
205:
109:
95:
65:
51:
16:Traditional Asian unit of mass
1:
2893:Charms and amulets (Yansheng)
2583:Southern Song dynasty coinage
2156:Republic of China (1912–1949)
2125:Silver (standardised coinage)
1793: (archived April 5, 2008)
1446:
1131:, 2,065 yuan RMB in the late
2673:Yuan of the Red Army Command
2473:Chinese units of measurement
2316:Chinese units of measurement
1298:
758:In Chinese, tael is written
656:Chinese units of measurement
521:
7:
2525:History of Chinese currency
2320:History of Chinese currency
2143:(分 / 仙) = 1000 cash (厘 / 文)
1854:1 Peng (朋) = ? Bei (貝)
1436:History of Chinese currency
1385:
1303:
1270:
1049:
1041:
929:Traditional Chinese silver
604:. It usually refers to the
551:(Coin's diameter c. 2.5 cm)
10:
3095:
3074:Modern obsolete currencies
3064:Chinese units in Hong Kong
2244:Republic of China (Taiwan)
2224:People's Republic of China
2050:1 Guan (貫) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
1649:London School of Economics
1329:
1177:People's Republic of China
1099:in a process known as the
586:
504:
457:
18:
3037:
3014:
2970:
2926:
2885:
2837:
2814:
2724:
2681:
2641:Historical money of Tibet
2633:
2543:
2517:
2469:
2449:
2424:
2396:
2364:
2312:
2288:
2262:
2242:
2222:
2202:
2182:
2154:
2124:
2086:
2066:
2057:
2037:
2008:
1984:
1964:
1940:
1912:
1896:
1877:
1861:
1841:
1832:
1718:
1640:Debin Ma (January 2012).
1599:John E. Sandrock (1997).
1574:"Qing Period Paper Money"
1509:. Government of Singapure
1441:Economic history of China
1277:
1263:
1166:
1074:
904:
886:
880:have also used the tael (
860:
846:
789:
632:
627:, it is equivalent to 10
610:Chinese system of weights
541:
533:
528:
513:
497:
492:
485:
478:
473:
463:
451:
446:
432:
427:
416:
409:
404:
386:
381:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
344:
326:
321:
317:
308:
301:
294:
287:
282:
264:
259:
255:
248:
241:
226:
219:
214:
198:
184:
179:
158:
151:
137:
123:
116:
102:
88:
81:
76:
72:
58:
44:
39:
35:
28:
2796:Great Qing Treasure Note
2791:Great Ming Treasure Note
1606:. The Currency Collector
988:monetary system of China
967:During the reign of the
667:
46:Traditional Chinese
2545:By period (before 1912)
2535:Ancient Chinese coinage
1827:Currency units of China
1221:Hong Kong and Singapore
1121:purchasing power parity
660:Chinese herbal medicine
60:Simplified Chinese
2301:(圓) = 10 ho (毫) = 100
2087:Silver (weights based)
1543:Xun Yan (March 2015).
1374:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1343:
1318:, a term derived from
834:
812:
692:
686:
552:
439:
191:
2568:Southern Tang coinage
1337:
1109:Republican government
1053:) is about 50 taels.
818:
810:
581:), also known as the
550:
272:ryang (N) / nyang (S)
21:Tael (disambiguation)
2903:Vault protector coin
2615:Qing dynasty coinage
2610:Ming dynasty coinage
2605:Yuan dynasty coinage
2573:Liao dynasty coinage
2553:Zhou dynasty coinage
1951:String of cash coins
1486:The Law of Hong Kong
1338:Gold lạng (Tael) of
940:Qing dynasty coinage
658:are usually used in
608:tael, a part of the
266:Revised Romanization
19:For other uses, see
3069:Currencies of China
2886:Historical exonumia
2588:Western Xia coinage
2563:Xin dynasty coinage
2558:Han dynasty coinage
2512:Currencies of China
1953:(貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000
1847:bronze cowry shells
1674:"Currency in China"
735:) is used in Malay
733:Singaporean English
1870:Hua (化) or Huo (貨)
1739:錢莊, private banks"
1507:Singapore Statutes
1428:Numismatics portal
1380:monetary inflation
1344:
1101:fei liang gai yuan
938:was still used in
835:
813:
553:
289:Mongolian Cyrillic
3051:
3050:
2957:New Taiwan dollar
2949:Chinese gold yuan
2944:Old Taiwan dollar
2936:Customs gold unit
2928:Republic of China
2634:Other territories
2479:
2478:
2434:1 Liang (兩) = 10
2326:
2325:
2169:Customs gold unit
2150:
2149:
1936:
1935:
1161:China's standard
1093:Republic of China
1087:Republic of China
1030:Taiping Rebellion
954:was set at 1,000
950:and copper-alloy
825:tael weights for
797:bàn jīn, bā liǎng
672:The English word
545:
544:
400:
399:
340:
339:
278:
277:
175:
174:
125:Yale Romanization
83:Standard Mandarin
3086:
3043:Economy of China
3024:Hong Kong dollar
2506:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2064:
2063:
1839:
1838:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1774:
1773:
1770:The Edge Markets
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1695:, is now called
1694:
1693:
1684:. Shanghai: 36.
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1467:
1457:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1348:French Indochina
1282:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1204:shengjian mantou
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1115:Purchasing power
1106:
1081:
1076:
1052:
1046:
969:Xianfeng Emperor
907:
906:
889:
888:
867:
862:
853:
848:
803:Historical usage
795:
793:
773:
772:
765:
764:
753:Overseas Chinese
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
695:
689:
650:
649:
645:
639:
634:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
569:
566:
524:
509:
508:
507:
488:
487:
459:
442:
423:
422:
396:
395:
379:
378:
373:
372:
359:
358:
336:
335:
319:
318:
313:
312:
311:
303:Mongolian script
297:
296:
274:
273:
257:
256:
251:
250:
237:
236:
210:
209:
194:
171:
170:
147:
146:
133:
132:
112:
111:
98:
97:
74:
73:
68:
67:
54:
53:
26:
25:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3033:
3029:Macanese pataca
3010:
2966:
2922:
2881:
2833:
2810:
2754:Kaiyuan Tongbao
2720:
2677:
2629:
2539:
2513:
2510:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2445:
2420:
2413:(銖 / 朱) = 3480
2392:
2360:
2357:
2327:
2322:
2308:
2284:
2258:
2238:
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2004:
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1791:Wayback Machine
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1274:
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1193:measures. (see
1185:
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1180:
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1154:
1152:Sinophone world
1145:
1117:
1089:
1059:
1007:Spanish dollars
990:as well as its
927:
922:
805:
783:
766:(simplified as
707:
703:
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647:
643:
642:
563:
559:
428:Indonesian name
309:
180:Vietnamese name
24:
17:
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11:
5:
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2698:
2693:
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2661:Xinjiang coins
2658:
2656:Mengjiang yuan
2653:
2651:Manchukuo yuan
2648:
2643:
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2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
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2578:Da Shu coinage
2575:
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2256:
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2240:
2239:
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2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
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2196:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:(角 / 毫) = 100
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2107:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
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2070:
2061:
2055:
2054:
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2051:
2047:
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2031:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1970:Three Kingdoms
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1889:(斤) or Yin (釿)
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1782:
1781:External links
1779:
1776:
1775:
1756:
1743:Chinaknowledge
1725:
1661:
1617:
1591:
1578:Chinaknowledge
1564:
1532:
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1468:
1451:
1450:
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1387:
1384:
1331:
1328:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1265:
1262:
1222:
1219:
1169:; pinyin:
1165:(Chinese:
1158:
1157:Mainland China
1155:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1116:
1113:
1088:
1085:
1058:
1055:
992:banking system
926:
925:Imperial China
923:
921:
918:
827:balance scales
804:
801:
778:pronunciation
774:) and has the
676:comes through
669:
666:
635:; pinyin:
631:(Chinese:
602:Southeast Asia
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
526:
525:
518:
511:
510:
501:
495:
494:
490:
489:
482:
476:
475:
471:
470:
467:
461:
460:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
436:
430:
429:
425:
424:
417:tahil / تهيل (
413:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:
390:
384:
383:
382:Transcriptions
375:
374:
371:りょう(hist. りゃう)
367:
361:
360:
353:
347:
346:
342:
341:
338:
337:
330:
324:
323:
322:Transcriptions
315:
314:
305:
299:
298:
291:
285:
284:
283:Mongolian name
280:
279:
276:
275:
268:
262:
261:
260:Transcriptions
253:
252:
245:
239:
238:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
202:
196:
195:
188:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
172:
165:
156:
155:
149:
148:
141:
135:
134:
127:
121:
120:
118:Yue: Cantonese
114:
113:
106:
100:
99:
92:
86:
85:
79:
78:
77:Transcriptions
70:
69:
62:
56:
55:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3091:
3080:
3079:Units of mass
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:Silver dollar
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Zhaona Xinbao
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2827:Ancestor coin
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2806:Silver Dragon
2804:
2802:
2801:Hubu Guanpiao
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Ant-nose coin
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Kucha coinage
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:Da Qi coinage
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:Ancient China
2363:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2142:
2138:
2135:(元 / 圓) = 10
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:Ancient China
1831:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1602:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:"Tahil" entry
1524:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1418:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1287:(equal to 10
1286:
1272:
1261:
1245:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1213:, both small
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1149:
1143:Current usage
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:in the early
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
977:Hubu Guanpiao
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
920:Tael currency
917:
915:
911:
901:
897:
893:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
858:
854:
844:
840:
832:
828:
824:
821:
817:
809:
800:
798:
792:
787:
781:
777:
771:
763:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
701:
697:
694:
688:
683:
679:
675:
665:
663:
661:
657:
653:
640:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
588:
584:
578:
557:
549:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
517:transcription
516:
512:
502:
500:
496:
491:
483:
481:
477:
472:
468:
466:
462:
456:
454:
453:Manchu script
450:
445:
441:
437:
435:
431:
426:
420:
414:
412:
408:
403:
391:
389:
385:
380:
376:
368:
366:
362:
354:
352:
348:
345:Japanese name
343:
331:
329:
325:
320:
316:
306:
304:
300:
292:
290:
286:
281:
269:
267:
263:
258:
254:
246:
244:
240:
234:
230:
224:
222:
218:
213:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
187:
183:
178:
166:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
142:
140:
136:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
107:
105:
101:
93:
91:
87:
84:
80:
75:
71:
63:
61:
57:
49:
47:
43:
38:
34:
31:
27:
22:
2913:Bamboo tally
2870:
2868:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2691:Cowrie shell
2386:
2302:
2276:
2171:(關金圓) = 100
2110:
2097:(元 / 圓) = 7
2059:Qing dynasty
1843:cowry shells
1769:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1736:
1728:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1608:. Retrieved
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
1485:
1460:"Tael" entry
1455:
1414:Money portal
1400:China portal
1351:
1345:
1313:
1307:
1288:
1267:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:Chinese unit
1170:
1162:
1160:
1146:
1137:Ming dynasty
1133:Tang dynasty
1129:Tang dynasty
1118:
1100:
1090:
1078:
1070:
1060:
1038:
1034:
1023:
1016:, and later
1011:
1004:
984:treaty ports
981:
966:
961:
955:
944:Qing dynasty
928:
913:
908:;
898:;
895:
890:;
871:
864:
856:
850:
842:
836:
796:
779:
757:
755:population.
736:
699:
698:
673:
671:
664:
636:
618:
582:
555:
554:
388:Romanization
153:Southern Min
90:Hanyu Pinyin
40:Chinese name
29:
2838:Near modern
2822:Mother coin
2766:Flying cash
2716:Spade money
2706:Knife money
2137:jiao or hou
2077:copper coin
2018:Western Xia
1942:Qin dynasty
1898:Round coins
1879:Spade money
1863:Knife money
1670:Morse, H.B.
1210:xiaolongbao
1163:market tael
1047:(sycee, or
973:paper money
964:to 1 tael.
914:nyang/ryang
587:other names
529:Buryat name
493:Tangut name
465:Möllendorff
447:Manchu name
215:Korean name
192:lượng, lạng
3058:Categories
3041:See also:
2898:Horse coin
2853:Candareen
2734:Cash coins
2471:See also:
2438:(錢) = 100
2314:See also:
2141:fen or sin
2103:candareens
2068:Cash coins
1737:qianzhuang
1654:26 January
1557:8 February
1464:OED Online
1447:References
1244:oz. avoir.
952:cash coins
829:, made of
678:Portuguese
474:Khmer name
434:Indonesian
405:Malay name
186:Vietnamese
104:Wade–Giles
2744:Ban Liang
2711:Ying Yuan
2428:and later
2385:(鋝) = 16
2264:Hong Kong
2204:Mengjiang
2184:Manchukuo
2020:dynasties
1921:Chu state
1915:Ying Yuan
1299:Elsewhere
1227:Hong Kong
745:Singapore
680:from the
625:Singapore
621:Hong Kong
169:niú, nió•
2972:Renminbi
2786:Jiaochao
2726:Imperial
2696:Tong Bei
2666:Hongqian
2625:Shengbao
2518:Overview
2381:(斤) / 1
1929:Yuan (爰)
1905:Quan (泉)
1749:9 August
1715:yuan-pao
1706:tung-pao
1672:(1907).
1584:27 March
1386:See also
1315:tamlueng
1304:Thailand
1215:bao buns
1207:and the
1172:shìliǎng
1067:Shanghai
1018:Japanese
1000:American
996:European
882:Japanese
820:Japanese
776:Mandarin
741:Malaysia
614:currency
596:used in
594:measures
365:Hiragana
328:SASM/GNC
139:Jyutping
3006:Digital
2871:(liǎng)
2739:Strings
2683:Ancient
2462:(釐 / 厘)
2117:(厘 / 釐)
1789:at the
1610:29 June
1462:at the
1330:Vietnam
1283:of the
1255:⁄
1238:⁄
1184:⁄
1080:hǎiguān
1071:Haiguan
1050:yuanbao
905:량/냥 (兩)
866:cáopíng
857:Caoping
823:Edo era
786:Chinese
646:⁄
606:Chinese
585:and by
200:Hán-Nôm
160:Hokkien
2974:series
2863:(qián)
2776:Guanzi
2771:Jiaozi
2749:Wu Zhu
2299:pataca
2273:dollar
2253:dollar
2105:(七錢二分)
2101:and 2
2016:, and
1513:2 July
1340:Tự Đức
1264:Taiwan
1191:metric
1063:Canton
948:sycees
931:sycees
910:romaja
900:Korean
892:rōmaji
852:kùpíng
843:Kuping
839:silver
831:bronze
788::
749:Brunei
747:, and
591:weight
534:Buryat
515:Miyake
499:Tangut
221:Hangul
145:loeng5
131:léuhng
2918:Token
2869:Tael
2861:Mace
2855:(fēn)
2847:(wén)
2845:Cash
2781:Huizi
2761:Sycee
2387:Liang
2290:Macau
2175:(關金分)
2173:cents
1917:coins
1913:Gold
1645:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1548:(PDF)
1375:lượng
1372:, or
1320:Khmer
1293:catty
1289:momme
878:Korea
874:Japan
780:liǎng
700:Tahil
693:taeis
687:tahil
684:word
682:Malay
668:Names
652:catty
641:) or
583:tahil
480:Khmer
440:tahil
411:Malay
351:Kanji
243:Hanja
231:)/냥 (
110:liang
96:liǎng
2940:Fabi
2877:Yuan
2451:Qing
2436:Qian
2426:Tang
2303:avos
2233:yuan
2213:yuan
2193:yuan
2115:cash
2111:Tael
2099:mace
2095:Yuan
2043:Ming
2039:Yuan
2010:Song
1999:cash
1990:Tang
1955:Quan
1845:and
1751:2019
1688:ting
1656:2020
1612:2019
1586:2019
1559:2020
1515:2021
1369:lạng
1355:lạng
1324:baht
1310:Thai
1308:The
1105:廢兩改元
1097:yuan
1043:dìng
1014:HSBC
998:and
935:mint
876:and
791:半斤八兩
674:tael
638:qián
629:mace
623:and
612:and
600:and
598:East
556:Tael
522:2lu3
419:Jawi
30:Tael
3001:5th
2996:4th
2991:3rd
2986:2nd
2981:1st
2961:5th
2442:(分)
2440:Fen
2417:(絫)
2415:Lei
2411:Zhu
2402:Sui
2398:Han
2389:(兩)
2383:Lüe
2379:Jin
2370:Qin
2305:(仙)
2281:(文)
2278:mil
2079:(枚)
2014:Jin
2001:(文)
1986:Jin
1966:Han
1957:(泉)
1887:Jin
1745:.de
1697:pao
1580:.de
1363:cây
1346:In
1271:ryō
1125:RMB
962:wén
957:wén
896:ryō
737:and
731:in
619:In
537:лан
486:តាល
469:yan
458:ᠶᠠᠨ
394:ryō
334:lan
310:ᠯᠠᠨ
295:лан
227:량 (
163:POJ
3060::
2460:Li
2377:1
2318:-
2297:1
2271:1
2251:1
2231:1
2211:1
2191:1
2167:1
2131:1
2109:1
2093:1
2012:,
1949:1
1768:.
1741:.
1710:通寶
1682:38
1680:.
1676:.
1620:^
1576:.
1535:^
1505:.
1494:^
1484:.
1471:^
1382:.
1366:,
1186:10
1167:市两
1077:;
1075:海關
1009:.
912::
902::
894::
884::
863:;
861:漕平
849:;
847:庫平
743:,
715:ɑː
696:.
648:16
571:eɪ
506:𗍬
2963:)
2959:(
2505:e
2498:t
2491:v
2400:-
2368:-
2352:e
2345:t
2338:v
2041:-
1988:-
1968:-
1923:)
1919:(
1820:e
1813:t
1806:v
1772:.
1753:.
1735:"
1719:元
1701:寶
1692:鋌
1658:.
1614:.
1588:.
1561:.
1517:.
1488:.
1466:.
1358:)
1352:(
1342:.
1281:)
1278:両
1275:(
1257:3
1253:1
1250:+
1248:1
1240:3
1236:1
1233:+
1231:1
1182:1
1103:(
1073:(
887:両
859:(
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794:,
784:(
770:两
762:兩
727:/
724:l
721:ɪ
718:h
712:t
709:ˈ
706:/
702:(
644:1
633:錢
577:/
574:l
568:t
565:ˈ
562:/
558:(
421:)
357:両
249:兩
235:)
233:S
229:N
207:兩
66:两
52:兩
23:.
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