117:" and "Death to the Islamic State". Ghani appeared on television 10 hours later and negotiations were held between some of the protestors and officials on the protestors' demands for improved security measures. According to Martine van Bijlert, the protestors who negotiated with the authorities were later rejected as unrepresentative of the larger group. The protest organisers held a press conference presenting their demands on 12 November.
148:
Gender researcher Nazifa
Alizada saw women's participation in the Tabassum movement as deliberately being present and active in public, chanting slogans alongside male marchers, organising and leading the protests, and participating in the negotiations with Ghani that followed the 11 November march.
136:
The 11 November 2015 Kabul protest included a large component of
Hazaras together with other Afghans from diverse demographic groups, with the Zabul executions being seen as "not an attack on one group but on the whole nation". Tabassum organisers, including Khadim Karimi, contacted activists of
249:
459:
145:
Women were highly active in the
Tabassum protests in big numbers. The 11 November Kabul march included a "large group of women the front of the demonstration" and women carrying one of the coffins.
289:
396:
120:
The 11 November protest was self-managed and calm, with human chains formed at the sides of the march to leave pavements available for non-participating pedestrians.
592:
364:
182:
The
Tabassum movement was a grassroots movement with "collective decision-making processes" that avoided charismatic leadership centred on powerful individuals.
438:
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Several demonstrations with similar demands calling for improved security took place around
Afghanistan in the days following the 11 November Kabul protest.
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237:
500:
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around 9 November 2015. The protests were ethnically diverse, had strong participation and leadership by women, and the
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The trigger event for the creation of the
Tabassum movement was hostage taking by a group claiming allegiance to the
45:
and other Afghan cities in mid-November 2015, following the execution by an armed opposition group of nine-year-old
684:
636:
600:
496:
445:
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488:
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Alizada saw women's involvement in the
Tabassum movement as a causal factor for a strong leadership role in the
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had failed to provide security, called for his government to resign and chanted slogans including "Death to the
689:
404:
314:
72:, which held long-term campaigns of nonviolent resistance to the British colonial government in the 1930s.
674:
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In reaction, on 11 November 2015, 2,000–20,000 protestors marched 10 km (6.2 mi) through
54:
669:
664:
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The
Tabassum movement was seen as leading to the 2016–2017 Enlightenment Movement and the 2017
65:
558:
261:
8:
98:, around 9 November 2015. One of the victims was Shukria Tabassum, a nine-year-old girl.
85:
588:
359:
284:
449:
69:
137:
non-Hazara ethnic groups to encourage them to participate together in the protests.
81:
46:
626:
658:
484:
91:
24:
110:
437:
Bose, Srinjoy; Bizhan, Nematullah; Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (February 2019).
245:
174:) and pamphlets in Kabul addressing potential participants as "brother".
106:
38:
355:"Protest in Kabul for More Security after Seven Hostages Are Beheaded"
105:
carrying the coffins of the seven victims to the presidential palace,
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631:
530:
161:
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Alizada objected to patriarchal language, with women protesting in
280:"Afghan Fighters Loyal to ISIS Beheaded 7 Hostages, Officials Say"
238:"One Year After Tabassum, Afghan Women Search for Their Own Voice"
114:
95:
50:
439:
Youth
Protest Movements in Afghanistan: Seeking Voice and Agency
593:"Afghan Grassroots Activists Could Help Build a Lasting Peace"
41:
protest movement in
Afghanistan that held several protests in
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42:
581:
94:
in October 2015 and the execution of seven of the hostages,
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430:
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397:"The 'Zabul Seven' Protests: Who speaks for the victims?"
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627:"Afghan Hazara killings spark Kabul march of thousands"
444:(Report). Peaceworks. Vol. 145. Washington, D.C.:
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of protest actions that took place during 2016–2017.
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379:
268:
526:"Insurgents Kidnap Over 20 Bus Passengers In Zabul"
477:
337:
315:"UNAMA condemns murder of seven civilians in Zabul"
436:
169:
32:
489:"People Power Can Boost the Afghan Peace Process"
656:
520:
518:
319:United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
278:Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (9 November 2015).
309:
307:
515:
587:
550:
394:
304:
16:Grassroots activist movement in Afghanistan
277:
395:van Bijlert, Martine (12 November 2015).
140:
483:
235:
657:
556:
352:
639:from the original on 11 November 2015
557:Younas, Mohammad (15 November 2015).
204:People's Peace Movement (Afghanistan)
57:avoided concentration of leadership.
292:from the original on 13 January 2021
236:Alizada, Nazifa (30 November 2016).
165:
28:
680:November 2015 events in Afghanistan
109:. The marchers said that president
13:
591:; Thompson, Tabatha (7 May 2020).
465:from the original on 31 March 2021
353:Mashal, Mujib (11 November 2015).
76:Zabul executions and first protest
14:
701:
160:with posters stating "Hazara and
123:
68:movements in Afghanistan include
601:United States Institute of Peace
569:from the original on 3 June 2021
538:from the original on 4 June 2021
503:from the original on 4 June 2021
497:United States Institute of Peace
446:United States Institute of Peace
367:from the original on 3 June 2021
325:from the original on 4 June 2021
252:from the original on 4 June 2021
1:
209:
131:
60:
405:Afghanistan Analysts Network
170:
33:
7:
197:
10:
706:
185:
177:
79:
171:Hazara wa Pashtun baradar
565:. Hazara International.
401:afghanistan-analysts.org
55:organisational structure
685:Protests in Afghanistan
151:Enlightenment Movement
164:are brothers" (Dari:
141:Women's participation
66:Nonviolent resistance
690:Afghan peace process
635:. 11 November 2015.
534:. 21 November 2015.
321:. 11 November 2015.
262:The New Humanitarian
589:Zia, Mohammad Ehsan
192:Uprising for Change
166:هزاره و پشتون برادر
86:2015 Zabul massacre
559:"Shukria Tabassum"
411:on 31 January 2020
360:The New York Times
285:The New York Times
485:Stephan, Maria J.
455:978-1-60127-753-4
317:(Press release).
70:Khudai Khidmatgar
34:Junbesh-e Tabasum
21:Tabassum movement
697:
649:
648:
646:
644:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
603:. Archived from
597:The Olive Branch
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579:
578:
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563:hazarapeople.com
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493:The Olive Branch
487:(23 July 2019).
481:
475:
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421:
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407:. Archived from
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82:Shukria Tabassum
47:Shukria Tabassum
36:
30:
705:
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675:Hazara politics
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242:Women and Girls
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80:Main articles:
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63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
703:
693:
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687:
682:
677:
672:
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651:
650:
618:
607:on 3 June 2021
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549:
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336:
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124:Later protests
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77:
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62:
59:
49:and six other
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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691:
688:
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678:
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670:2015 protests
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665:2015 in Kabul
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92:Islamic State
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58:
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22:
641:. Retrieved
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621:
609:. Retrieved
605:the original
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583:
571:. Retrieved
562:
552:
540:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
492:
479:
467:. Retrieved
413:. Retrieved
409:the original
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369:. Retrieved
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327:. Retrieved
294:. Retrieved
283:
260:– via
254:. Retrieved
241:
189:
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155:
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135:
127:
119:
111:Ashraf Ghani
100:
89:
64:
20:
18:
246:News Deeply
659:Categories
210:References
132:Membership
61:Background
39:grassroots
573:4 January
158:Nangarhar
29:جنبش تبسم
637:Archived
632:BBC News
567:Archived
536:Archived
531:TOLOnews
501:Archived
460:Archived
365:Archived
323:Archived
290:Archived
250:Archived
198:See also
37:) was a
186:Effects
178:Methods
162:Pashtun
115:Taliban
96:Hazaras
51:Hazaras
643:4 June
611:5 June
542:4 June
507:5 June
469:4 June
452:
415:4 June
371:4 June
329:4 June
296:4 June
256:4 June
463:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
103:Kabul
43:Kabul
645:2021
613:2021
575:2016
544:2021
509:2021
471:2021
450:ISBN
417:2021
373:2021
331:2021
298:2021
258:2021
84:and
25:Dari
19:The
107:Arg
661::
629:.
599:.
595:.
561:.
528:.
517:^
499:.
495:.
491:.
458:.
448:.
425:^
403:.
399:.
381:^
363:.
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339:^
306:^
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270:^
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244:.
240:.
218:^
194:.
168:,
31:,
27::
647:.
615:.
577:.
546:.
511:.
473:.
419:.
375:.
333:.
300:.
264:.
23:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.