3437:
2203:
47:
1805:
3423:
1732:
160:
1789:
2437:, established in 1972. Only parties participating in the Front would be allowed to operate: to join, they were required to accept the socialist and Arab nationalist orientation of the government. The Ba'th Party was guaranteed leadership of the Front and the new constitution, promulgated the same year, provided that it would "lead society and the state". Furthermore, only the Ba'th would be allowed operate in the armed forces and among university students.
2829:
2213:
2478:("the Light"), and its activities were closely monitored by the security services. It effectively operated underground throughout most of the 1980s, with membership lists a closely guarded secret. In 1986, the anti-communist crackdown ended and the ban on the communist party was lifted by Assad as a concession to the Soviets.
2400:
was formed in
February 1958. Toward the end of 1958, a campaign of repression against the party began. Nasser was provoked to action by a harshly critical statement made by Bakdash, who called for transformation of the UAR into a loose federation. Communists were imprisoned and in some cases killed.
2440:
Faced with the choice between accepting these restrictions and the prospect of illegal operation, Bakdash and the majority of the party chose to join the Front. The more radical elements in the party were unhappy about participation in the Front. However, the breaking point did not come until 1976
2379:
In 1954, after a series of military dictatorships that had lasted since 1949, Syria became a democracy, and in the elections held that year, Khalid
Bakdash won a seat in parliament for the Damascus area, becoming the first communist elected to an Arab parliament. The party was cautious about
2408:
led to Syria's secession. The
Communist Party was strongly identified with the secessionist tendency and suffered a loss of popular support and membership as a result. Worse was to follow, when the pro-unification coup of 1963 brought a military-based government consisting largely of
2367:
took control of the country it was legalised. In 1944, the Syrian and
Lebanese parties became separate organisations. Bakdash sought to present the Syrian Communist Party as an essential part of the national movement, in the context of Syria's struggle against the French
2469:
During the early 1980s, the Syrian government clamped down on political activity and the
Communist Party was subject to severe restrictions, despite its participation in the NPF. It was prevented from publishing its newspapers
1211:
1081:
2388:
was banned under Nasser, and communists and other leftists had been jailed in large numbers. However, popular desire for unity was such that the party felt it could not afford to oppose it outright.
2501:. Faisal was supportive of Gorbachev's reforms, while Bakdash was opposed. This led to another split in the party, with many of the party's intellectuals leaving with Faisal to the
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604:
1628:
632:
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2005:
1391:
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350:
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2010:
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427:
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2372:. The party adopted a moderate programme and opened its ranks to all those accepting it, rather than functioning as a restricted
2311:
in 1972. The party split in two in 1986 with two separate parties claiming to represent the original Syrian
Communist Party; the
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1336:
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549:
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21:
17:
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16:
This article is about the Syrian
Communist Party that existed from 1944 to 1986. For the two current parties, see
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vanguard organisation. It built up a significant support base among the working class, Kurds and intellectuals.
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3349:
2429:
came to power in Syria and announced his intention of allowing limited political pluralism in the context of
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in 1924. It was suppressed shortly afterwards, but was revived after an interlude of several years. In 1936,
1937:
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3128:
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674:
262:
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1995:
1988:
1970:
1848:
1821:
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1301:
1286:
669:
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2170:
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124:
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8:
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657:
534:
529:
387:
2442:
2381:
2023:
2000:
1963:
1866:
1568:
180:
131:
2610:
2351:, took control as secretary of the party, and set about building up its organisation.
3223:
2943:
2778:
2709:
2498:
2430:
1779:
1666:
504:
170:
136:
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Eventually, in 2000 the SCP suffered another rift that led to the formation of the
2188:
1947:
1736:
3436:
3266:
3213:
2289:
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2160:
1876:
203:
3123:
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57:
2420:
159:
46:
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2133:
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3264:
2574:
2517:
2486:
2364:
2207:
1809:
1804:
1716:
1788:
2505:
while much of its
Kurdish base remained supportive of Bakdash in the
2414:
2391:
2343:
who had been recruited to the party in 1930 and later studied at the
1706:
1671:
1638:
120:
2490:
2446:
2373:
2340:
2449:-led elements against the nationalist bloc and its allies in the
2384:'s Egypt, the main political question of the 1950s in Syria. The
2354:
2683:
2348:
2332:
2775:
In: Communist
Parties in the Middle East: 100 Years of History
2828:
2293:
2749:
2591:
2543:
is the first communist to be elected to an Arab parliament.
2421:
Legal operation in the
National Progressive Front from 1972
2773:
Velasco Muñoz, Rosa (2019). "The Syrian Communist Party".
2701:
2550:"Political Bureau" group splits and forms separate party
2509:. Both factions continued to participate in the NPF.
2457:
led them into opposition. His faction was termed the
3418:
2283:
2464:
2392:Suppression under Nasser and the Ba'ath, 1958â1970
2417:to power and the party was once again repressed.
3450:
2345:Communist University of the Toilers of the East
2355:Bakdash's leadership and organisational growth
3250:
2997:Movement for Justice and Development in Syria
2808:
2772:
2755:
2689:
2636:"Khalid Bakdash elected to Syrian parliament"
2597:
2245:
1756:
2359:The party was involved in opposition to the
1023:
1014:
2533:Communist Party of Syria and Lebanon formed
2461:or Syrian Communist Party (Riyad al-Turk).
2128:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
3257:
3243:
2815:
2801:
2453:. This was too much for the radicals, and
2252:
2238:
1763:
1749:
2603:
2552:Syrian Communist Party (Political Bureau)
2459:Syrian Communist Party (Political Bureau)
3479:Political parties disestablished in 1986
2300:into the Syrian Communist Party and the
2925:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
2777:. Oxford: Routledge. pp. 109â128.
2520:to unify the communists inside Syria.
2093:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
3469:1944 establishments in Mandatory Syria
3451:
3108:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
2972:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
2560:Split between Bakdash and Faisal into
2481:In 1986, Bakdash and deputy secretary
3464:Political parties established in 1944
3238:
2796:
2708:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 217.
2296:founded in 1944 as a division of the
3175:Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party
2329:Communist Party of Syria and Lebanon
3145:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
2982:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
2902:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
2736:"Guide to Syrian Political Parties"
2654:
2441:and the Syrian intervention in the
2273:
13:
3484:Defunct political parties in Syria
3170:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
3017:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
2967:Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement
2702:Federal Research Division (2004).
14:
3495:
2451:Palestine Liberation Organization
3435:
3421:
3191:Assyrian Democratic Organization
2977:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
2884:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
2878:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
2827:
2566:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
2562:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
2507:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
2503:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
2363:presence in Syria, and when the
2317:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
2313:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
2211:
2201:
1803:
1787:
1730:
158:
109:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
105:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
45:
22:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
18:Syrian Communist Party (Unified)
3474:1986 disestablishments in Syria
3078:SyrianâLebanese Communist Party
2992:Democratic Arab Socialist Union
2860:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2672:from the original on 2012-08-14
2662:"United Arab Republic (U.A.R.)"
2465:The 1980s: repression and split
2404:The union ended in 1961 when a
2298:SyrianâLebanese Communist Party
1810:Member State of the Arab League
94:SyrianâLebanese Communist Party
2728:
2695:
2628:
2485:differed over the policies of
2474:("the People's Struggle") and
2380:proposals to unify Syria with
1:
2584:
2327:The party evolved out of the
2322:
1282:Communist Party (Switzerland)
103:Split into two factions: the
3058:League of Nationalist Action
2433:. This took the form of the
1976:Supreme Constitutional Court
27:Political party in Syria
7:
3129:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
3093:Socialist Cooperation Party
2908:Social Democratic Unionists
2896:Arab Democratic Union Party
2847:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
2523:
2284:
2184:Status of the Golan Heights
2100:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
1623:International organizations
10:
3500:
3459:Communist parties in Syria
2866:Arab Socialist Union Party
2839:National Progressive Front
2824:Political parties in Syria
2765:
2435:National Progressive Front
2398:United Arab Republic (UAR)
2309:National Progressive Front
2307:It became a member of the
2086:National Progressive Front
147:National Progressive Front
15:
3394:
3278:
3219:List of political parties
3209:
3201:Assyrian Democratic Party
3183:
3160:Kurdish Supreme Committee
3137:
3116:
3030:
2952:Democratic People's Party
2942:
2923:
2837:
2445:on the side of rightist,
2285:al-កizb aĆĄ-Ć uyĆ«ÊżÄ« as-SĆ«rÄ«
1687:List of communist parties
1589:Victorian Socialist Party
166:
157:
152:
142:
130:
114:
99:
89:
74:
63:
53:
44:
32:
3155:Kurdish National Council
3088:Arab Liberation Movement
2872:Socialist Unionist Party
2386:Egyptian Communist Party
2302:Lebanese Communist Party
37:
3165:Kurdish Future Movement
3117:Banned Islamist parties
3012:Kurdish Future Movement
2957:Syrian Turkmen Assembly
2914:Arab Socialist Movement
2890:National Covenant Party
2666:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2179:UN resolutions on Syria
132:Political position
69:(as independent entity)
3150:Democratic Union Party
3103:Communist Labour Party
3083:Syrian Communist Party
3002:Democratic Union Party
2495:Soviet Communist Party
2266:Syrian Communist Party
2156:Syrian nationality law
2144:Diplomatic missions of
2006:Subdistricts (Nahiyas)
1829:Preamble and Chapter 1
1024:
1015:
946:Bosnia and Herzegovina
35:Syrian Communist Party
3022:Reform Party of Syria
2852:pan-Arab organization
2705:Syria A Country Study
2577:split and formed the
1971:High Judicial Council
1913:Deputy Prime Minister
1692:Democratic centralism
1527:Socialist Alternative
852:Revolutionary Faction
3098:Arab Communist Party
3073:Arab Ba'ath Movement
3007:National Youth Party
2756:Velasco Muñoz (2019)
2690:Velasco Muñoz (2019)
2598:Velasco Muñoz (2019)
2274:ۧÙŰŰČŰš ۧÙŰŽÙÙŰčÙ Ű§ÙŰłÙ۱Ù
1737:Communism portal
1532:Victorian Socialists
842:Malaya and Singapore
143:National affiliation
38:ۧÙŰŰČŰš ۧÙŰŽÙÙŰčÙ Ű§ÙŰłÙ۱Ù
3398:Defunct parties in
3063:Arab National Party
2962:Syrian Turkmen Bloc
2933:People's Will Party
2692:, pp. 118â120.
2579:People's Will Party
2514:People's Will Party
1918:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
3196:Syriac Union Party
2987:Syriac Union Party
2497:general secretary
2443:Lebanese Civil War
2382:Gamal Abdal Nasser
2218:History portal
1569:Communist Alliance
1522:Socialist Alliance
440:Dominican Republic
3416:
3415:
3267:communist parties
3232:
3231:
3224:Politics of Syria
3068:Arab Ba'ath Party
2642:. 11 October 1954
2499:Mikhail Gorbachev
2431:popular democracy
2282:
2262:
2261:
2166:Visa requirements
2121:Foreign relations
2080:Political parties
2030:Recent elections
1938:People's Assembly
1780:Politics of Syria
1773:
1772:
1697:General Secretary
1682:Criticism of rule
1667:Central committee
204:Communist parties
189:
188:
176:Political parties
171:Politics of Syria
100:Succeeded by
3491:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3429:Communism portal
3426:
3425:
3424:
3407:Communism portal
3259:
3252:
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3236:
3235:
3184:Assyrian parties
2832:
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2623:
2621:
2611:"Khalid Bakdash"
2607:
2601:
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2573:
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2549:
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2532:
2472:Nidhal ash-Sha'b
2287:
2277:
2275:
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2240:
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2215:
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2206:
2205:
2189:Syrian civil war
2088:
1950:
1948:Hammouda Sabbagh
1812:
1808:
1807:
1791:
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1702:MarxismâLeninism
1027:
1018:
847:MarxistâLeninist
191:
190:
162:
125:MarxismâLeninism
90:Preceded by
85:
83:
70:
49:
30:
29:
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3263:
3233:
3228:
3214:Portal:Politics
3205:
3179:
3138:Kurdish parties
3133:
3112:
3031:Defunct parties
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2290:political party
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2225:Other countries
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2210:
2208:Asia portal
2200:
2194:
2193:
2175:
2152:
2140:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2095:
2084:
2074:
2058:Parliamentary:
2052:
2026:
2016:
2015:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1942:
1933:
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1924:
1877:Bashar al-Assad
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1378:United Kingdom
1097:MunkĂĄspĂĄrt 2006
891:
883:
882:
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40:
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3132:
3131:
3126:
3124:Hizb ut-Tahrir
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:People's Party
3050:
3048:National Union
3045:
3043:National Party
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
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2939:
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2869:
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2855:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:, p. 123.
2748:
2727:
2714:
2694:
2682:
2653:
2627:
2602:
2600:, p. 109.
2589:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2568:
2554:
2544:
2541:Khalid Bakdash
2534:
2525:
2522:
2466:
2463:
2422:
2419:
2393:
2390:
2356:
2353:
2337:Khalid Bakdash
2324:
2321:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:Presidential:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:Hussein Arnous
1896:Prime Minister
1893:
1892:
1891:
1889:Najah al-Attar
1884:Vice President
1881:
1880:
1879:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
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1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
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1797:
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1784:
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1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1753:
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1714:
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1699:
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1679:
1669:
1663:
1661:Related topics
1660:
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1606:
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1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1560:Former parties
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1536:
1535:
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1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
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1488:
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1481:United Kingdom
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Czechoslovakia
1438:
1430:Former parties
1427:
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1399:
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1199:
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1034:
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1003:
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991:
986:
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976:Czech Republic
973:
968:
963:
962:
961:
956:
948:
943:
942:
941:
936:
928:
923:
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868:
861:
856:
855:
854:
849:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
822:
811:Former parties
808:
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
790:
782:
781:
780:
775:
770:
762:
761:
760:
755:
747:
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
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720:
715:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
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647:
646:
645:
640:
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630:
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617:
612:
607:
602:
601:
600:
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581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
568:
567:
562:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
526:United States
524:
519:
518:
517:
512:
502:
497:
496:
495:
490:
482:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
457:
456:
455:
450:
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437:
432:
431:
430:
425:
417:
416:
415:
410:
402:
401:
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395:
385:
384:
383:
378:
373:
365:
360:
359:
358:
353:
348:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
306:
305:
300:
292:
287:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
200:
199:
187:
186:
184:
183:
178:
173:
167:
164:
163:
155:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
118:
112:
111:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
76:
72:
71:
65:
61:
60:
58:Khalid Bakdash
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3496:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
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3385:
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3377:
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3375:
3372:
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3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
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3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:National Bloc
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2944:Unrepresented
2941:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2786:
2784:9780367134457
2780:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2757:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2717:
2715:1-4191-5022-7
2711:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:Riyad al-Turk
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:Hafiz al-Asad
2418:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:, founded in
2330:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2271:
2267:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2134:Faisal Mekdad
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2104:Syrian branch
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1795:
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1790:
1786:
1785:
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1777:
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1766:
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1738:
1728:
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1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
944:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
887:
886:
879:
876:
874:
873:
869:
867:
866:
862:
860:
857:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
814:
813:
812:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
793:SCP (Unified)
791:
789:
788:SCP (Bakdash)
786:
785:
783:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
523:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
503:
501:
498:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
458:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
429:
428:PC de C (MâL)
426:
424:
421:
420:
418:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
386:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
366:
364:
361:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
341:
340:
334:
333:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
294:South Africa
293:
291:
288:
286:
285:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
209:
208:
205:
202:
201:
197:
193:
192:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
165:
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3368:Saudi Arabia
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2739:. Retrieved
2730:
2719:. Retrieved
2704:
2697:
2685:
2674:. Retrieved
2665:
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2593:
2511:
2483:Yusuf Faisal
2480:
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2361:Vichy French
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1996:Governorates
1989:Subdivisions
1849:Human rights
1822:Constitution
1800:
1595:New Zealand
1559:
1558:
1538:New Zealand
1486:West Germany
1471:Soviet Union
1446:East Germany
1429:
1428:
1278:Switzerland
870:
863:
859:Saudi Arabia
810:
809:
749:Philippines
282:
233:Burkina Faso
3443:Asia portal
3384:SCP Unified
3379:SCP Bakdash
3271:Middle East
2620:28 December
2575:Qadri Jamil
2518:Qadri Jamil
2493:adopted by
2487:perestroika
2365:Free French
2171:Visa policy
1932:Legislature
1717:Vanguardism
1712:Secretariat
1456:Netherlands
1159:Netherlands
735:North Korea
589:Bangladesh
310:South Sudan
248:Ivory Coast
3453:Categories
3404:See also:
3273:by country
2721:2011-05-12
2676:2012-08-24
2615:Britannica
2585:References
2415:Nasserists
2323:Beginnings
2132:Minister:
1644:INITIATIVE
1565:Australia
1508:Australia
1491:Yugoslavia
1219:San Marino
1144:Luxembourg
1092:MunkĂĄspĂĄrt
1082:Anasintaxi
921:Azerbaijan
800:Tajikistan
764:Sri Lanka
695:Kyrgyzstan
690:Kazakhstan
556:Venezuela
342:Argentina
268:Madagascar
153:Party flag
3345:Palestine
2516:, led by
2425:In 1970,
2411:Ba'thists
2341:Damascene
2279:romanized
2024:Elections
2001:Districts
1964:Judiciary
1867:President
1860:Executive
1844:Chapter 4
1839:Chapter 3
1834:Chapter 2
1707:Politburo
1672:Communism
1639:Cominform
1634:Comintern
1252:PCE (MâL)
1212:RCWP-CPSU
1173:Portugal
1139:Lithuania
950:Bulgaria
832:Indonesia
816:Cambodia
745:Palestine
713:CPN (UML)
633:CPI-ML(L)
515:PCdelPâPR
419:Colombia
181:Elections
121:Communism
75:Dissolved
2741:28 March
2670:Archived
2646:28 March
2524:Timeline
2491:glasnost
2447:Maronite
2374:Leninist
2315:and the
2288:) was a
2161:Passport
2148:in Syria
2011:Villages
1397:CPGB-PCC
1363:Ukraine
1229:Slovakia
1103:Ireland
1088:Hungary
1048:Germany
980:Denmark
930:Belgium
905:Austria
878:Thailand
758:PKP-1930
740:Pakistan
723:CPN (US)
718:CPN (MC)
638:CPI(Mst)
500:Paraguay
444:Ecuador
337:Americas
243:Eswatini
228:Botswana
196:a series
194:Part of
137:Far-left
116:Ideology
107:and the
3400:italics
3340:Lebanon
3313:CPI-MLM
3283:Bahrain
3269:in the
2766:Sources
2476:an-Nour
2370:mandate
2281::
1944:Speaker
1676:history
1517:CPA(ML)
1503:Oceania
1466:Romania
1436:Albania
1422:RCPB-ML
1392:CPGB-ML
1293:Turkey
1263:Sweden
1193:Russia
1189:Romania
1154:Moldova
1068:Greece
1044:Georgia
1010:France
1006:Finland
1001:Estonia
966:Croatia
926:Belarus
901:Armenia
896:Albania
865:Sarawak
805:Vietnam
705:Lebanon
643:SUCI(C)
585:Bahrain
522:Uruguay
493:PC(ml)P
484:Panama
459:Mexico
367:Brazil
363:Bolivia
325:Tunisia
290:Senegal
284:RĂ©union
278:Morocco
273:Namibia
258:Lesotho
218:Algeria
80: (
64:Founded
54:Founder
3335:Jordan
3330:Israel
3265:Major
2854:) (167
2781:
2712:
2572:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2531:
2349:Moscow
2333:Beirut
2270:Arabic
1476:Turkey
1461:Poland
1387:CPB-ML
1357:TKP/ML
1347:TKEP/L
1297:DHKP/C
1233:Spain
1224:Serbia
1169:Poland
1164:Norway
1134:Latvia
1118:Italy
971:Cyprus
890:Europe
872:Taiwan
784:Syria
709:Nepal
685:Jordan
675:Israel
663:Toufan
628:CPI(M)
619:India
605:Bhutan
545:RCPUSA
413:PC(AP)
404:Chile
398:CPC-ML
388:Canada
212:Africa
3374:Syria
3318:OIPFG
3288:Egypt
2294:Syria
1629:IMCWP
1451:Italy
1312:KDH/L
1149:Malta
837:Korea
680:Japan
658:Tudeh
649:Iran
615:China
610:Burma
565:PCMLV
530:CPUSA
478:PCMML
453:PCMLE
371:PCdoB
315:Sudan
263:Libya
253:Kenya
238:Egypt
223:Benin
67:1964
3360:PFLP
3325:Iraq
3308:WCPI
3293:Iran
2779:ISBN
2743:2023
2710:ISBN
2648:2023
2640:Time
2622:2020
2570:2000
2564:and
2556:1986
2546:1976
2536:1954
2529:1924
2489:and
2413:and
2406:coup
2396:The
2339:, a
2264:The
2070:2024
2065:2020
2060:2016
2048:2021
2043:2014
2038:2007
1900:list
1871:list
1599:CPNZ
1407:NCPB
1352:TKIP
1342:TKEP
1337:TDKP
1332:MLKP
1307:HTKP
1302:EMEP
1257:PCTE
1247:PCPE
1202:CPRF
1182:PCTP
1062:MLPD
1037:PCRF
1032:PRCF
1025:PCOF
820:KPRP
778:FLSP
768:CPSL
728:NWPP
700:Laos
670:Iraq
579:Asia
505:Peru
473:PPSM
435:Cuba
408:PCCh
356:PCRA
351:PCCE
320:Togo
303:SACP
82:1986
78:1986
20:and
3355:PCP
3350:PPP
3303:CPI
3298:TPI
2935:(0)
2916:(0)
2910:(0)
2904:(1)
2898:(1)
2892:(2)
2886:(2)
2880:(3)
2874:(2)
2868:(3)
2862:(3)
2347:in
2292:in
1649:ICS
1604:SUP
1584:RSP
1579:DSP
1574:CPA
1552:SPA
1547:OMU
1512:CPA
1417:RCP
1412:RCG
1402:CPS
1382:CPB
1372:SKU
1367:KPU
1327:MKP
1322:TKP
1317:KKP
1287:PdA
1272:SKP
1237:PCE
1207:PDP
1177:PCP
1127:PRC
1112:WPI
1107:CPI
1077:ÎÎÎ
1072:ÎÎÎ
1057:DKP
1052:KPD
1016:PCF
994:APK
984:DKP
959:SKB
954:KPB
914:PdA
909:KPĂ
825:CPK
773:JVP
753:CPP
653:CPI
623:CPI
598:WPB
593:CPB
560:PCV
550:PLP
540:PSL
535:WWP
510:PCP
488:PPP
468:PPS
448:PCE
423:PCC
393:CPC
381:PCR
376:PCB
346:PCA
298:EFF
3455::
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2304:.
2276:,
2272::
2146:/
1946::
1902:)
1873:)
1609:CL
1542:CL
1267:KP
1242:CC
1197:KR
1122:PC
989:KP
939:PC
934:KP
463:PC
198:on
3258:e
3251:t
3244:v
2816:e
2809:t
2802:v
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