301:
315:
20:
275:. Representations over this issue were received from many other governments, and clarifications were made noting that the Proclamation stated it "does not interfere with the rights of free navigation on the high seas" so the Proclamation did not "mean extension of territorial waters into the high seas". The "peace line", however covered even more of the high seas than the area delineated by General MacArthur. It claimed an area averaging 60
937:
460:
349:
United States to intervene on the issue, regarding it as bilateral. The conflict also became an issue of nationalism for Japan and South Korea so that, in the course of their negotiations during the postwar years, any semblance of compromise or concession amounted to treason in both countries. The process took 14 years, five
Japanese Prime Ministers, and three South Korean Presidents.
259:. The treaty was signed on September 8 of the same year, about a month after the documents were sent, and was to come into effect on April 28, 1952. In response, the South Korean government declared the Syngman Rhee Line three months before this date, when the extinction of the MacArthur line and the return of
359:
According to the demand of the South Korean government, Japanese government released 472 ethnic Korean criminals in Japan who had been imprisoned as a serious criminal or a habitual criminal and granted them the special permission of residence in exchange for the restoration of
Japanese detainees.
874:
The United States
Government has consistently taken the position that the unilateral proclamation of sovereignty over the seas is illegal and that the fisheries dispute between Japan and Korea should be settled on the basis of a fisheries conservation agreement that would protect the interests of
327:
The fishing boats - which were mostly
Japanese - that violated the boundary line were seized by South Korea. This often transpired using the patrol boats provided by the United States. Japanese records claim that such ships were often fired upon. The Japanese government protested the seizures and
348:
Solving the issue of the
Syngman Rhee Line required many years. Obstacles to its settlement included the fact that there were no formal diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea at the time, that normalization talks were complicated by various compensation claims, and the refusal of the
356:(1961-1979) seized power in South Korea. At this point, the territorial dispute was no longer a primary issue due to an increasing pressure to improve bilateral relations, shifting the focus from the "peace line" to the diplomatic and economic affairs such as the fishery negotiations.
332:
in 1965. By the time an agreement was reached, 328 Japanese ships were seized, with 3,929 Japanese arrested, resulting in 44 casualties (deaths and injuries). Japan also prohibited its fishing gear manufacturers from exporting to South Korea and stopped importing South Korean products.
282:
It also became apparent that Rhee was no longer addressing the Korean security or the threat of communism because the declaration's main target was Japan. In initial statements, Rhee maintained that the purpose of the line was to protect Korea's marine resources around the
848:
271:
The
Proclamation asserted that the "Government of the Republic of Korea holds and exercises the national sovereignty" over the maritime area, suggesting the claim was for a wide extension of
941:
337:
329:
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248:
967:
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219:(Dokdo/Takeshima) in South Korean territory. The line was abolished in 1965 with the signing of a Japanese–South Korean fishing agreement.
677:
284:
957:
1007:
861:
382:
982:
972:
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South Korea refused an enforced repatriation to South Korea of illegal immigrants, serious criminals and political offenses.
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207:: 平和線) declaration of January 18, 1952, establishing a wide area of maritime sovereignty, beyond internationally accepted
522:"Letter re Syngman Rhee Line (including translated text of Presidential Proclamation of Sovereignty over Adjacent Seas)"
547:
426:
January 12, 1953: South Korea government ordered to seize a
Japanese fishing boat that went into the Syngman Rhee Line.
810:
735:
661:
622:
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January 18, 1952: The South Korean government declares the
Syngman Rhee Line as an alternative to the MacArthur line.
376:
January 29, 1946 Governmental and
Administrative Separation of Certain Outlying Areas from Japan went into effect.
400:
August 13, 1948: The
Republic of Korea is founded and Syngman Rhee was sworn in as first president of South Korea.
977:
138:
69:
255:, stating that the official policy of the United States was that the MacArthur line would be abolished by the
987:
656:. University of Michigan Press. "Japan's Image during the Rhee Years: Deepening of Suspicion and Disregard".
488:
287:; therefore it banned non-Korean fishing boats from inside the territory, and Liancourt Rocks in particular.
184:
752:
992:
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unilateral declaration strongly, but the abolition of the line had to wait even for the approval of the
414:
825:
521:
300:
997:
771:
478:
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493:
256:
722:
649:
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1954 In the Report of Van Fleet Mission to Far East written by US special mission ambassador
152:
83:
692:
803:
Island Disputes and Maritime Regime Building in East Asia: Between a Rock and a Hard Place
614:
The Resolution of the Territorial Dispute Between Korea and Japan Over the Liancourt Rocks
314:
239:, effectively barring entry of foreign shipping crafts. South Korea had demanded that the
8:
862:"Report of Van Fleet Mission to Far East (III. Korean Problems With Other Asian Nations)"
370:
447:
1965 Japan-Korea Fishery Agreement was concluded and the Syngman Rhee Line was repealed.
915:
907:
272:
208:
849:
Wikisource:Possible Methods of Resolving Liancourt Rocks Dispute between Japan and ROK
919:
806:
731:
657:
618:
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434:
232:
444:, informed South Korea that the U.S. considered the Syngman Rhee line to be illegal.
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July 19, 1951: South Korea demands that the MacArthur line stay in effect.
430:
340:, signed on June 22, 1965, did not specifically address maritime issues.
260:
911:
888:"Agreement Between Japan and the Republic of Korea Concerning Fisheries"
887:
617:. International Boundaries Research Unit, Durham University. p. 5.
19:
828:
Secretariat of the House of Representatives of Japan December 12, 1955.
228:
143:
74:
23:
Map showing the Syngman Rhee Line (blue line around Korean Peninsula)
645:
406:
August 10, 1951 US government rejects South Korea's demands by the
936:
826:
The 23rd Diet Standing Committee on Judicial Affairs minutes third
306:
Seizure of Japanese ships by the Korea Coast Guard (December 1953)
654:
Japan and China as Charm Rivals: Soft Power in Regional Diplomacy
423:
April 28, 1952: The Treaty of Peace with Japan becomes effective.
338:
Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
243:
should continue to be enforced. On August 10, 1951, however, the
389:
June 22, 1946 Area Authorized for Japanese Fishing and Whaling.
106:
37:
650:"Chapter3. South Korea: A Suspicious Power Resistant to Charm"
320:
A Japanese demonstration against the line (September 15, 1953)
753:"Japan Supplement 1964–1965 (trade). 3. Korea. Balancing Out"
204:
180:
122:
53:
942:
Presidential Proclamation of Sovereignty over Adjacent Seas
540:
157:
88:
691:. Shimane Prefectural Government. 2006. Archived from
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577:
Korea's Syngman Rhee : An Unauthorized Portrait
455:
369:September 2, 1945 Japanese government accepted the
183:: 李承晩 線) was a marine boundary line established by
235:declared a maritime security area surrounding the
429:July 12, 1953: South Korean policemen fired on a
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16:1952–1965 South Korean–claimed maritime boundary
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526:Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea
352:The negotiations improved dramatically after
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59:
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263:to Japan were meant to be established.
963:Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea
950:
744:
724:Chōsen no ryōdo: bunseki/shiryō/bunken
638:
601:
383:Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers
860:James Van Fleet (30 September 1954).
796:
794:
717:
573:
550:. Dokdo-or-Takeshima?. 13 August 2008
968:Anti-South Korean sentiment in Japan
678:"Rontenseiri: kindai kara gendai e"
528:. Northeast Asian History Foundation
1013:Territorial disputes of South Korea
800:
750:
730:. Sanwa Shoseki. pp. 278–279.
705:
644:
13:
805:. New York: Springer. p. 71.
791:
772:"Shedding new light on Peace Line"
770:Yong-hwan, Kim (1 February 2012).
610:
580:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 185.
14:
1024:
929:
548:"1952 January: Syngman Rhee Line"
935:
751:Han, Nae Bok (28 January 1965).
520:T. T. Yynn (28 September 1953).
474:History of Japan–Korea relations
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313:
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880:
842:
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60:
44:
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1008:Territorial disputes of Japan
892:International Legal Materials
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489:Dai Ichi Daihoumaru Ship case
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330:Japan-Korea Fishery Agreement
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973:Disputed territories in Asia
215:. This included placing the
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958:Japan–South Korea relations
757:Far Eastern Economic Review
451:
363:
158:
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574:Allen, Richard C. (2016).
415:Treaty of Peace with Japan
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227:After the outbreak of the
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983:Japan–South Korea border
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385:Instruction Note No.677)
499:Maritime Exclusion Zone
494:Exclusive economic zone
413:September 8, 1951: The
279:from the Korean coast.
257:Treaty of San Francisco
247:sent Korean Ambassador
978:Eponymous border lines
898:(6): 1128–1133. 1965.
24:
801:Koo, Min Gyo (2010).
22:
988:Japanese nationalism
479:Japan–Korea disputes
211:, around the entire
139:Revised Romanization
70:Revised Romanization
371:Potsdam Declaration
993:Korean nationalism
611:Yi, Sŏg-u (2002).
273:territorial waters
209:territorial waters
25:
940:Works related to
864:. U.S. Government
727:朝鮮の領土: 【分析・資料・文献】
435:Japan Coast Guard
233:Douglas MacArthur
169:Syngman Rhee Line
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693:the original
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680:論点整理 近代から現代へ
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466:Japan portal
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189:Syngman Rhee
185:South Korean
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431:patrol boat
417:was signed.
391:SCAPIN#1033
261:sovereignty
952:Categories
783:27 January
706:Sun (2012)
699:2007-11-25
554:27 January
532:27 January
505:References
378:SCAPIN#677
344:Resolution
267:Peace Line
231:, General
229:Korean War
223:Background
193:Peace Line
187:President
31:Peace Line
920:248993305
646:Sun, Jing
630:6 October
593:6 October
912:20689991
868:16 March
721:(2016).
648:(2012).
452:See also
364:Timeline
285:of Japan
191:in his "
433:of the
291:Outcome
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910:
809:
759:: 165.
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685:フォトしまね
660:
621:
584:
197:Korean
177:이승만 라인
173:Korean
114:이승만 라인
107:Hangul
38:Hangul
916:S2CID
908:JSTOR
205:Hanja
181:Hanja
130:李承晚 線
123:Hanja
54:Hanja
870:2023
807:ISBN
785:2018
732:ISBN
658:ISBN
632:2023
619:ISBN
595:2023
582:ISBN
556:2018
534:2018
336:The
251:the
167:The
900:doi
689:161
201:평화선
195:" (
61:平和線
45:평화선
954::
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171:(
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