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644:("a little lively"), making it slow only in comparison to the other three movements. This movement was encored at the premiere and has remained popular since. Its reliance on the string section makes it a good example of Beethoven's advances in orchestral writing for strings, building on the experimental innovations of
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as, "like a string of beauties hand-in-hand, each afraid to lose her hold on her neighbours". The first violins then take the first melody while the second violins take the second. This progression culminates with the wind section playing the first melody while the first violin plays the second.
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The
Seventh Symphony perhaps more than any of the others gives us a feeling of true spontaneity; the notes seem to fly off the page as we are borne along on a floodtide of inspired invention. Beethoven himself spoke of it fondly as "one of my best works". Who are we to dispute his
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854:… the final movement zips along at an irrepressible pace that threatens to sweep the entire orchestra off its feet and around the theater, caught up in the sheer joy of performing one of the most perfect symphonies ever written.
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The last movement is in sonata form. According to music historian Glenn
Stanley, Beethoven "exploited the possibility that a string section can realize both angularity and rhythmic contrast if used as an
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At its premiere at the university in Vienna on 8 December 1813, Beethoven remarked that it was one of his best works. The second movement, "Allegretto", was so popular that audiences demanded an encore.
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as well), Symphony No. 7 seems to be another one of his musical confrontations with
Napoleon, this time in the context of the European wars of liberation from years of Napoleonic domination.
999:, p. 49 Original in German: "Uns alle erfüllt nichts als das reine Gefühl der Vaterlandsliebe und des freudigen Opfers unserer Kräfte für diejenigen, die uns so viel geopfert haben."
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played by the violins. This section ends thirty-seven bars later with a quick descent of the strings on an A minor scale, and the first melody is resumed and elaborated upon in a strict
886:, who was present during rehearsals, said that the consensus, among musicians and laymen alike, was that Beethoven must have composed the symphony in a drunken state; and the conductor
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he jumped in the air"), and "the friends of
Beethoven made arrangements for a repetition of the concert" by which "Beethoven was extricated from his pecuniary difficulties".
913:, Weber's biographer, Schindler was characteristically evasive when defending Beethoven, and there is "no shred of concrete evidence" that Weber ever made the remark.
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in F major and trio in D major. Here, the trio (based on an
Austrian pilgrims' hymn) is played twice rather than once. This expansion of the usual A–B–A structure of
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and repeated rhythmic figures. It is also tonally subtle, making use of the tensions between the key centres of A, C and F. For instance, the first movement is in
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A typical performance lasts approximately 33–45 minutes depending on the choice of tempo, and whether the repeats in the 1st, 3rd, and 4th movements are omitted
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in the coda of the first movement evidence that
Beethoven was "ripe for the madhouse" seems to have been the invention of Beethoven's first biographer,
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909:. His possessive adulation of Beethoven is well-known, and he was criticised by his contemporaries for his obsessive attacks on Weber. According to
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part in the score, a letter from
Beethoven himself shows that two contrabassoons were used at the premiere to add strength to the bass parts.
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The work was premiered with
Beethoven himself conducting in Vienna on 8 December 1813 at a charity concert for soldiers wounded in the
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Critics and listeners have often felt stirred or inspired by the
Seventh Symphony. For instance, one program-note author writes:
581:, and is dominated by lively dance-like dotted rhythms, sudden dynamic changes, and abrupt modulations. The first theme of the
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After this, the music changes from A minor to A major as the clarinets take a calmer melody to the background of light
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This melody is then played by the second violins while the violas and cellos play a second melody, described by
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and F major. In addition, the second movement is in A minor with episodes in A major, and the third movement, a
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The first edition of the score, parts and piano reduction was published in
November 1816 by Steiner & Comp.
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movement be encored immediately. Spohr made particular mention of Beethoven's enthusiastic gestures on the
768:-like background", particularly in the coda, which contains an example, rare in Beethoven's music, of the
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section opens in C major and contains extensive episodes in F major. The movement finishes with a long
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in Beethoven's own arrangement of the Irish folk-song "Save me from the grave and wise", No. 8 of his
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fury" and many other writers have commented on its whirling dance-energy. The main theme is a precise
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wrote, "The force that reigns throughout this movement is literally prodigious, and reminds one of
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1151:"Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 (1812) – Beethoven Symphony Basics at ESM - Eastman School of Music"
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The work as a whole is known for its use of rhythmic devices suggestive of a dance, such as
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into A–B–A–B–A was quite common in other works of Beethoven of this period, such as his
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occurred, he tore his arms with a great vehemence asunder ... at the entrance of a
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1345:(reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. pp. 98–99.
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commented on the third movement: "What can you do with it? It's like a lot of
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 10–16 minutes.
1577:"Classical Notes: Ludwig Van Beethoven Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92"
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 7–10 minutes.
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 6–9 minutes.
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A typical performance of this movement lasts approximately 7–9 minutes.
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through a series of no fewer than sixty-one repetitions of the note E.
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The piece was very well received, such that the audience demanded the
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The first movement starts with a long, expanded introduction marked
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On the other hand, admiration for the work has not been universal.
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1101:. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. pp.
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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between 1811 and 1812, while improving his health in the
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repeated ten times to the background of a grinding four
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Beethoven's life at this time was marked by a worsening
1064:. Pacific, Missouri: Mel Bay Publications. p. 78.
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539: = 69) that is noted for its long ascending
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and included some of the finest musicians of the day:
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241:When Beethoven began composing his Symphony No. 7,
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930:"Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92"
655:. It begins with the main melody played by the
1202:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181ff.
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667:(repeated rhythmic figure, or ground bass, or
364:The autograph of the work is preserved in the
293:. The orchestra was led by Beethoven's friend
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1037:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 615ff.
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279:The program also included the patriotic work
1543:by Christopher H. Gibbs, program note for a
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1018:. pp. 38–43. Oxford University Press, 1995.
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1303:"Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Program Notes"
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1792:Music dedicated to benefactors or patrons
1530:International Music Score Library Project
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400:in A (E and D in the inner movements), 2
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555:in F major, the movement transitions to
372:was published in 2017 by Laaber Verlag.
1541:"Notes on Beethoven's Seventh Symphony"
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551:to C major and F major. From the last
368:in Kraków. A facsimile of Beethoven's
48:First page of the autograph manuscript
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1561:, Northwest Sinfonietta, October 2003
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1225:
1216:
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1061:Handbook of Guitar and Lute Composers
1058:Annala, Hannu; Matlik, Heiki (2010).
837:Twelve Irish Folk Songs, WoO 154
750:String Quartet Op. 59 No. 2
1433:Performances of the Seventh Symphony
1318:
1199:The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven
1172:"Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 (1812)"
1002:
957:
13:
1777:Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven
1122:. Laaber, Germany: Laaber-Verlag.
543:and a cascading series of applied
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188:Problems playing these files? See
139:
14:
1803:
1567:by Christine Lee Gengaro for the
1420:
1319:Bicknell, David (EMI executive).
1301:Meltzer, Ken (17 February 2011).
1232:Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies
800:Beethoven and his Nine Symphonies
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1387:The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven
820:, commented on this movement's "
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16:Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven
1537:of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony
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1016:The Symphony: A Listeners Guide
948:, pp. 29–33, 39–43, 49–55.
722:III. Presto – Assai meno presto
1395:University of Washington Press
1196:Stanley, Glenn (11 May 2000).
1116:Beethoven, Ludwig van (2017).
1109:
1085:
1051:
1034:Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph
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651:The movement is structured in
1:
1569:Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra
1454:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
1377:(in German). Leipzig: Reclam.
1119:Sinfonie Nr. 7, A-Dur, op. 92
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507:but has repeated episodes in
380:The symphony is scored for 2
897:The oft-repeated claim that
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1375:Beethoven. Werkeinführungen
1276:"Beethoven: Symphony No. 7"
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225:. The work is dedicated to
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1520:Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)
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1235:(3rd ed.). New York:
961:Die 9 Sinfonien Beethovens
871:Another admirer, composer
858:Composer and music author
817:Essays in Musical Analysis
519:I. Poco sostenuto – Vivace
427:There are four movements:
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209:92, is a symphony in four
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1174:. University of Rochester
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111:8 December 1813
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1477:Frankfurt Radio Symphony
726:The third movement is a
679:and two quarter notes).
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1787:Compositions in A major
789:download the audio file
690:download the audio file
640:has a tempo marking of
636:The second movement in
596:download the audio file
422:
247:campaign against Russia
1575:Peter Gutmann (2013).
1555:"Aperçu of Apotheosis"
1545:Philadelphia Orchestra
1339:Warrack, John Hamilton
1278:. (personal web page).
869:
862:says of the symphony:
856:
227:Count Moritz von Fries
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101:Count Moritz von Fries
1500:Bundesjugendorchester
1481:Andrés Orozco-Estrada
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852:
415:Although there is no
306:Johann Nepomuk Hummel
143:
1621:Ludwig van Beethoven
1522:at Wikimedia Commons
1343:Carl Maria von Weber
1321:"Sir Thomas Beecham"
958:Ulm, Renate (1994).
899:Carl Maria von Weber
831:of the instrumental
759:IV. Allegro con brio
366:Jagiellonian Library
282:Wellington's Victory
249:. After Beethoven's
215:Ludwig van Beethoven
169:IV. Allegro con brio
36:Ludwig van Beethoven
1557:, Program notes by
1389:. London, Seattle:
1264:, pp. 228–271.
903:chromatic bass line
24:Symphony in A major
1734:No. 10 in E♭ major
1371:Goldschmidt, Harry
1237:Dover Publications
1012:Steinberg, Michael
295:Ignaz Schuppanzigh
145:
1782:1812 compositions
1742:
1741:
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1646:Middle symphonies
1547:performance, via
1518:Media related to
1510:
1509:
1404:978-0-295-95823-1
1227:Grove, Sir George
1209:978-0-521-58934-5
1044:978-0-618-05474-9
975:978-3-7618-1241-9
814:, writing in his
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741:Pastoral Symphony
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547:that facilitates
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330:at the premiere.
310:Giacomo Meyerbeer
245:was planning his
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1721:No. 9 in D minor
1705:No. 8 in F major
1700:No. 7 in A major
1690:No. 6 in F major
1685:No. 5 in C minor
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1637:No. 1 in C major
1630:Early symphonies
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1559:Ron Drummond
1498:on YouTube,
1458:Iván Fischer
1386:
1374:
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1325:the original
1314:
1296:
1289:Hopkins 1981
1284:
1269:
1257:
1231:
1198:
1176:. Retrieved
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1118:
1111:
1097:
1093:Spohr, Louis
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1060:
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941:
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911:John Warrack
896:
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849:
841:
815:
812:Donald Tovey
799:
798:In his book
797:
774:
762:
754:
746:8th Symphony
740:
732:ternary form
725:
717:
706:
701:George Grove
698:
677:eighth notes
673:quarter note
653:ternary form
650:
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304:, composers
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262:hearing loss
259:
240:
231:
221:spa town of
213:composed by
198:
196:
187:
18:
1504:Paavo Järvi
1239:. pp.
1135:30 November
1077:30 December
966:Bärenreiter
669:passacaglia
623:pedal point
607:development
579:sonata form
549:modulations
302:Louis Spohr
1771:Categories
1674:No. 4 in B
1658:No. 3 in E
1615:Symphonies
1535:Full Score
1506:conducting
1483:conducting
1460:conducting
1352:0521291216
1262:Grove 1962
1156:5 February
964:. Kassel:
917:References
877:apotheosis
833:ritornello
826:duple time
642:allegretto
477:, Trio in
450:Allegretto
370:manuscript
335:Allegretto
190:media help
115:1813-12-08
97:Dedication
1391:Heinemann
984:363133953
867:judgment?
846:Reception
766:obbligato
625:of an E.
545:dominants
491:(A major)
436:sostenuto
390:clarinets
344:sforzando
299:violinist
211:movements
128:Movements
107:Performed
1694:Pastoral
1677:♭
1661:♭
1385:(1981).
1373:(1975).
1341:(1976).
1229:(1962).
1178:13 March
1095:(1865).
1031:(2014).
772:marking
709:triplets
665:ostinato
469:presto (
402:trumpets
394:bassoons
392:in A, 2
357:Editions
321:virtuoso
287:Napoleon
268:Premiere
243:Napoleon
219:Bohemian
74:Composed
1450:YouTube
1413:6981522
1364:Sources
829:variant
822:Bacchic
808:Carlyle
770:dynamic
748:, and
728:scherzo
638:A minor
553:episode
513:scherzo
509:C major
505:A major
485:Allegro
479:D major
475:F major
454:A minor
444:A major
410:strings
406:timpani
341:("as a
326:played
237:History
223:Teplitz
203:A major
113: (
89:Teplitz
86:–1812:
80: (
58:A major
1747:Portal
1725:Choral
1668:Eroica
1411:
1401:
1349:
1249:705665
1247:
1206:
1126:
1068:
1041:
982:
972:
713:fugato
675:, two
661:cellos
657:violas
619:octave
583:Vivace
564:Vivace
557:Vivace
541:scales
460:Presto
440:Vivace
408:, and
404:in D,
382:flutes
339:podium
318:guitar
291:France
121:Vienna
1680:major
1664:major
1495:Video
1472:Video
1445:Video
1306:(PDF)
1105:–187.
671:of a
663:, an
646:Haydn
621:deep
615:motif
464:Assai
398:horns
386:oboes
350:forte
328:cello
29:No. 7
1409:OCLC
1399:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1245:OCLC
1204:ISBN
1180:2022
1158:2023
1137:2021
1124:ISBN
1079:2015
1066:ISBN
1039:ISBN
980:OCLC
970:ISBN
892:yaks
659:and
611:coda
605:The
562:The
489:brio
487:con
471:trio
467:meno
433:Poco
423:Form
396:, 2
388:, 2
384:, 2
312:and
197:The
131:Four
82:1811
78:1811
65:Opus
1617:by
1549:NPR
1448:on
1241:252
1103:186
934:NPR
932:at
775:fff
473:) (
289:'s
207:Op.
201:in
54:Key
34:by
1773::
1502:,
1479:,
1456:,
1452:,
1407:.
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1393:,
1243:.
1218:^
1188:^
1014:.
1004:^
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744:,
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