701:, VI, xvii: "As to these translators it should be stated that Symmachus was an Ebionite. But the heresy of the Ebionites, as it is called, asserts that Christ was the son of Joseph and Mary, considering him a mere man, and insists strongly on keeping the law in a Jewish manner, as we have seen already in this history. Commentaries of Symmachus are still extant in which he appears to support this heresy by attacking the Gospel of Matthew. Origen states that he obtained these and other commentaries of Symmachus on the Scriptures from a certain Juliana, who, he says, received the books by inheritance from Symmachus himself."; cf.
225:
in representing the Hebrew original. He preferred idiomatic Greek constructions in contrast to other versions in which the Hebrew constructions are preserved. Thus he usually converted into a Greek participle the first of two finite verbs connected with a copula. He made copious use of a wide range
317:, when I was hiding there; who said she had received it from Symmachus himself, the interpreter of the Jews". The date of Origen's stay with Juliana was probably 238-41, but Symmachus's version of the Scriptures had already been known to Origen when he wrote his earliest commentaries, ca 228.
712:
145:' account that Symmachus was a Samaritan who having quarrelled with his own people converted to Judaism is now given greater credence, since Symmachus' exegetical writings give no indication of Ebionism. At some time in his life, he had also written a commentary on the
325:
From the language of many later writers who speak of
Symmachus, he must have been a man of great importance among the Ebionites, for "Symmachians" remained a term applied by Catholics even in the fourth century to the
226:
of Greek particles to bring out subtle distinctions of relationship that the Hebrew cannot adequately express. In more than one passage
Symmachus had a tendency to soften anthropomorphic expressions of the Hebrew text.
299:(d.1318). Eusebius also records Origen's statement that he obtained these and others of Symmachus' commentaries on the scriptures from a certain Juliana, who, he says, inherited them from Symmachus himself (
412:
Barthelemy brilliantly unraveled the mystery by demonstrating that
Eusebius incorrectly inferred from Irenaeus, whom he cites in connection with Aquila and Theodotion, that Symmachus was an Ebionite
313:, lxiv) records that he found in a manuscript that was "very ancient" the following entry made by Origen: "This book I found in the house of Juliana, the virgin in
810:
682:(1875) s.v. Exo. 28:17, based on Jerome's testimony in Epist. LXIV ad Fabiolam, 16, who wrote: "Symmachus dissented and called the emerald by the name of onyx."
221:
for his aim was to make an elegant Greek rendering. To judge from the scattered fragments that remain of his translation, Symmachus tended to be
767:
237:
Jerome admired his style but faulted his translation in two areas important to
Christians, saying that he substituted the Greek word
599:. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. 55.
830:
805:
283:
According to
Eusebius, Symmachus also wrote commentaries, then still extant, apparently written to counter the canonical Greek
17:
213:
the Greek translation of the Hebrew
Scriptures prepared by Symmachus followed a 'theory and method... the opposite of that of
562:
519:
473:
835:
815:
825:
250:
230:
However, Symmachus aimed to preserve the meaning of his Hebrew source text by a more literal translation than the
272:
707:
840:
820:
104:, inspire scholars to remark on the purity and idiomatic elegance of Symmachus' Greek. He was admired by
444:
173:, is identified by some with Symmachus the translator; others hold the claim to be unfounded, although
697:
675:
146:
775:
644:
781:
548:
185:. The rabbinic Symmachus was a student of Rabbi Meir, and his teachings are mentioned in the
174:
142:
753:
692:
392:
304:
170:
792:- The Greek text and English translation of Symmachus' version of the Greek Old Testament.
8:
133:), but this is now generally thought to be unreliable. The alternative is that he was a
345:
296:
600:
575:
527:
515:
309:
284:
357:
214:
210:
36:
737:
327:
314:
194:
443:- Syriac Version (ed. James Elmer Dean), Chicago University Press c1935, p. 32.
503:
331:
69:
799:
774:
762:
604:
100:. Some fragments of Symmachus's version that survive, in what remains of the
96:, which compared various versions of the Old Testament side by side with the
79:
592:
531:
336:
181:, saying that Symmachus had converted to the Jewish religion after being a
246:
222:
511:
362:
231:
182:
178:
97:
134:
126:
122:
666:
Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, Alban Butler
563:
Epiphanius' Treatise on
Weights and Measures - The Syriac Version
474:
Epiphanius' Treatise on
Weights and Measures - The Syriac Version
367:
259:
186:
166:
138:
110:
88:
78:"ally"; fl. late 2nd century AD) was a writer who translated the
702:
566:(ed. James Elmer Dean), University of Chicago Press 1935, p. 32
477:(ed. James Elmer Dean), University of Chicago Press 1935, p. 32
387:
254:
105:
83:
253:. Symmachus' Greek translation of the Pentateuch appeared in
162:
73:
789:
428:(2nd ed.), Minneapolis: Fortress Press, pp. 146–47
295:, mentioned in the catalogue of the Nestorian metropolitan
57:
51:
45:
763:
New Advent
Catholic Encyclopedia: Symmachus the Ebionite
756:
A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature...
60:
54:
42:
48:
39:
633:(ed. Herbert Danby), Oxford University Press, 1974
797:
486:
267:onyx) for the precious stone known in Hebrew as
811:Translators of the Bible into Hellenistic Greek
445:Click to see online translation of Epiphanius'
508:Patristic Evidence for Jewish-Christian Sects
591:
502:
82:into Greek. His translation was included by
680:Origensis Hexaplorum quæ Supersunt. Oxford
405:
342:Prologue to the Epistle to the Galatians
177:puts Symmachus within the time-frame of
27:2nd century translator of biblical texts
772:
642:
156:
14:
798:
263:, in which he had written κεραύνιος (=
758:, Symmachus, author O.T. in Greek (2)
426:Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible
108:, who used his work in composing the
655:(598), UK: Biblical studies: 140–150
549:"SYMMACHUS - JewishEncyclopedia.com"
645:"Theory of the translation process"
423:
320:
198:
24:
487:Fernandez Marcos, Natalio (2007),
330:or Ebionites, as we know from the
204:
25:
852:
747:
773:Bacchus, Francis Joseph (1912).
491:, Boston: Brill, pp. 125–26
447:Treatise on Weights and Measures
441:Treatise on Weights and Measures
35:
730:
717:
685:
669:
660:
636:
611:
597:The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon
585:
569:
555:
125:inferred that Symmachus was an
831:2nd-century Jewish theologians
776:"Symmachus the Ebionite"
768:Jewish Encyclopedia: Symmachus
541:
496:
480:
466:
452:
433:
417:
408:Origen's Hexapla and fragments
406:Salvesen, Alison, ed. (1998),
399:
380:
348:'s writings against heretics.
13:
1:
806:Judaism-related controversies
736:The context makes clear that
373:
278:
7:
351:
293:De distinctione præceptorum
291:; it may be related to the
10:
857:
836:Hellenistic Jewish writers
740:in Cappodocia is intended.
643:Metzger, Bruce M. (1993),
74:
489:The Septuagint in Context
334:imitator of Ambrose, the
147:Aramaic Gospel of Matthew
816:Ancient Samaritan people
506:; Reinink, G.J. (1973).
151:According to the Hebrews
131:"Symmachus the Ebionite"
826:2nd-century translators
117:
228:
18:Symmachus the Ebionite
782:Catholic Encyclopedia
424:Tov, Emanuel (1992),
219:
175:Epiphanius of Salamis
165:from the time of the
708:De Viris Illustribus
393:De Viris Illustribus
305:Palladius of Galatia
171:Symmachus ben Joseph
157:Symmachus ben Joseph
129:(Ἐβιωνίτης Σύμμαχος
841:Converts to Judaism
821:2nd-century writers
386:A view repeated by
790:Symmachus' version
698:Historia Ecclesiae
301:Historia Ecclesiae
649:Bibliotheca Sacra
576:Babylonian Talmud
460:De mens. et pond.
332:pseudepigraphical
310:Historia Lausiaca
297:Abdiso Bar Berika
285:Gospel of Matthew
137:who converted to
16:(Redirected from
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786:
778:
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734:
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676:Field, Frederick
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534:), s.v. Jerome,
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521:978-9-00403763-2
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211:Bruce M. Metzger
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149:, known then as
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205:His translation
189:under the name
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245:(virgin) in
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631:The Mishnah
623:Baba Metzia
344:, and from
289:Hypomnemata
247:Isaiah 7:14
800:Categories
723:Assemani,
713:chapter 54
629:5:3. See:
532:1076236746
512:E.J. Brill
510:. Leiden:
374:References
363:Theodotion
279:Lost works
232:Septuagint
179:Rabbi Meir
143:Epiphanius
98:Septuagint
725:Bibl. Or.
605:923562173
390:, in his
346:Augustine
328:Nazarenes
243:parthenos
183:Samaritan
135:Samaritan
31:Symmachus
727:, III, 1
693:Eusebius
678:(1875).
617:Mishnah
595:(1988).
352:See also
315:Caesarea
169:, named
127:Ebionite
123:Eusebius
94:Tetrapla
75:Σύμμαχος
368:Hexapla
269:bareḳet
260:Hexapla
187:Mishnah
167:Mishnah
139:Judaism
111:Vulgate
102:Hexapla
89:Hexapla
86:in his
703:Jerome
627:Ḥullin
619:Eruvin
603:
580:Eruvin
530:
518:
396:(LIV).
388:Jerome
287:, his
265:
255:Origen
239:neanis
215:Aquila
199:סומכוס
195:Hebrew
191:Sūmkos
106:Jerome
84:Origen
625:6:5;
621:3:1;
163:rabbi
70:Greek
601:OCLC
528:OCLC
516:ISBN
249:and
118:Life
92:and
653:150
582:13b
538:LIV
271:in
257:'s
201:).
802::
779:.
711:,
705:,
695:,
651:,
647:,
578:,
514:.
340:,
275:.
234:.
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197::
161:A
153:.
141:.
114:.
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657:.
607:.
551:.
526:(
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493:.
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