Śvetāmbara - Knowledge

2086: 73: 2914:(excellent and possibly expensive objects of worship). Mendicants are not allowed to perform worshipping using such objects as they do not own materialistic objects and have already renounced them. Also the violence that can be caused towards small creatures and beings during such worshipping is unacceptable according to a mendicant's conduct as described in the scriptures. Householders are not supposed to follow such micro levels of non-violence and must perform idol worship as it has more merits (extolling qualities of 105: 7964: 644: 6759: 38: 3862: 6802: 2082:(woolen broom to clear their path of insects and small creatures), an alms bowl, a long stick, and scriptures. All monks and nuns possess only these objects. Additionally, they may only take what is given to them and what comes under permitted possessions (the objects listed earlier). They are not permitted to take anything that is not given to them by the owner of the said object. 3924:Śvetāmbaras do not allow laypersons to read scriptures as a misinterpretation of the canon is considered to be a grave sin. The later sub-traditions have made their canon openly accessible. Both the newer sub-traditions have various sub-traditions within them that do not agree on several aspects of the canon due to an open access to their canon and eventual misinterpretation. 3939:, taught only Four restraints (a claim, scholars say is confirmed by the ancient Buddhist texts that discuss Jain monastic life). Mahāvīra taught Five vows. The Digambara sect disagrees with the Śvetāmbara interpretations, and reject the theory of difference in Parshvanatha and Mahāvīra's teachings. However, Digambaras as well as Śvetāmbaras follow Five vows as taught by 2629:: This vow can either be given by a mendicant, or a lay-person who has already taken the vow or, can be self-taken. It lasts 48 minutes and lay followers are encouraged to study scriptures and improve their knowledge of the religion in this time. For these 48 minutes, a lay follower becomes just like a mendicant and must follow the 2062:). Unlike as in the Digambara sect where monks and nuns are not forbidden from touching each other and lay-followers of the opposite gender, monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect do not touch persons of the opposite gender (neither mendicants nor lay-followers of the opposite gender) and observe extreme 2147:

describes that for a mendicant, staying at one place for a period extending more than 1 month is not permitted. The reason for that is to regulate possession. A mendicant staying at one place for longer periods of time might begin getting attached to the place and such attachments must be avoided and

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Digambaras believe that both Parshvanatha and Mahāvīra remained unmarried, whereas Śvetāmbara believe the 23rd and 24th tirthankar did indeed marry. According to the Śvetāmbara version, Parshvanāth married Prabhavati, and Mahāvīraswāmi married Yashoda who bore him a daughter named Priyadarshana. The

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sub-tradition's beliefs. Early colonial era observers and some early 20th-century Jain writers such as Malvaniya hypothesized that this movement against idol worship may be the impact of Islam on Jainism, but later scholarship states that the sub-traditions arose from an internal dispute and debate

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is the prime goal of Jainism and this practice directly lets one perform that. It entails performing penance and mindfully regretting and seeking forgiveness for one's wrong deeds. It consists of a long sequence of hymns, prayers, and rituals. The main goal is to seek forgiveness for one's negative

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6 essential observances have been considered necessary for a lay follower to practice regularly in both the sects. However, the observances are different in each sect. Mendicants also observe these regularly and it is believed that these essential observances help one maintain discipline as well as

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describes how begging for alms for an entire meal from a single household does not fall under fault-free food that Jain monks must consume as it might aggrieve the householder they accept food from. Becoming the medium for a householder's grievance is unacceptable as per a mendicant's conduct. 42

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In the Digambara tradition, a male human being is considered closest to the apex with the potential to achieve his soul's liberation from rebirths through asceticism. Women must gain karmic merit, to be reborn as man, and only then can they achieve spiritual liberation in the Digambara sect of

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refers to the religious sermons that the mendicants give. It is a result of these sermons that Jainism is propagated to the lay followers. Since reading scriptures without the preceptor's permission is considered to be a grave sin, lay followers (householders) derive all their knowledge of the

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wherever they wander. Usually, nowadays, several Jain temples have spaces that are used for general purposes that mendicants may use after obtaining permission from the temple management. This is particularly important as if the space was constructed for the purpose of housing mendicants, even

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All texts or pieces of literature written by Śvetāmbara monks, except the ones stated above are considered to be non-canonical in nature. Following are some popular examples. However, the complete list is inexhaustive as the Śvetāmbara sect has always had more monks than the Digambara sect: -

2767:: This refers to the practice of showing obeisance towards one's preceptor mendicant (monk/nun). It also means one should surrender themself to their guru and accept their word as it is. Performing service of one's preceptor and respecting them is one of the prime duties of householders. 2674:: This vow promotes charity among the lay followers in that they are encouraged to donate their belongings to monks, nuns, and other needy people. It is believed that this vow, if taken and followed seriously, leads to a reduction in attachment to the worldly and materialistic pleasures. 3909:(non-violence). The newer sub-traditions only accept 32 of the 45 scriptures of the original Śvetāmbara canon. In the 32 they have accepted, several parts have been modified and major sections of their canon is different from the original canon as followed by the oldest sect of the 3058:

does not include the use of any materialistic objects of worship and therefore, can be performed by the mendicants. In fact, devotional hymns are usually authored by the Śvetāmbara mendicants which is why the Śvetāmbara sect has huge and rich literature on devotional worship of the

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is a minor practice, or where all construction and use of temples, images and idols is actively discouraged and avoided. These sub-traditions began around 14th-century through 18th-century and are not considered authentic by any of the major Śvetāmbara monks and scriptures.

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The Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in

2503:. These 12 vows are also taken by lay followers of the Digambara sect as well as the aniconic offshoots of the Śvetāmbara sect. They are one of the very few points that both the sects agree upon. They summarize almost all duties a householder must perform as part of the 3528:' means silence. The most prominent of the penances on this day is to not speak and communicate for the entire day, until the next morning. This form of penance is believed to improve control over the mind and the tongue. According to Śvetāmbara legends, a total of 150 2633:

just like they do. One who takes this vow detaches themself from the worldly activities and embraces equanimity for 48 minutes at once. In loose terms, equanimity (indifference to the positives and negatives around one) is the ultimate goal of Jainism as it leads to no

3971:Śvetāmbaras have a more comprehensive set of scriptures as they have a canon with extensive information, supported by the non-canonical literature. Digambara literature is much lesser in volume and their scriptures are more recent than those of the Śvetāmbaras. 2794:: This practice is concerned with concentration on non-attachment. This may be performed in a standing or a sitting posture and during this time, the lay follower must not think of any attachments, including the body. As per the canonical scripture 2613:: This vow is taken to completely give up useless and fruitless activities. Any action which is performed without a reason constitutes to a sin. Therefore, this vow directs a lay-follower to reduce/stop performing useless actions and activities. 3690:. It is said that he used his magical powers and established the lake for devotees to quench their thirst while ascending the hill. The lake's banks are of importance as Śvetāmbaras believe several mendicants performed penance in the 2160:

and therefore, they are required to stay at one place for those 4 months. Stepping on grass and on water or wet ground is not permitted due to their tendency to have life. Most mendicants give religious sermons and spread the word of

3968:, Mahāvīra's mother, as well as the details of Tirthankara's biographies such as how many auspicious dreams their mothers had when they were in the wombs.Digambaras believe it is 16 dreams while Śvetāmbaras believe it is 14. 3625:

gate, and then take a different route from the usual route, which is opened only on this day every year for devotees to circumambulate around the hill. This route takes devotees through various 'hidden' regions of the

2121:) and boiled water between the period from 48 minutes after sunrise and until 48 minutes before sunset. However, monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect actively perform and promote and inspire the laity to perform 3830:(topmost part of the structure) and is celebrated annually at every Jain temple. A common ritual is followed wherein the devotees bid to get a chance at changing the flag. The highest bidder performs devotional 2902:(Worshipping by anointing various parts of the idol): Such worshipping is performed by anointing various parts of the idol using several objects of worship, including water, saffron mixed with sandalwood paste, 2166:

temporarily, it becomes unfit for use by mendicants. That is because it no longer remains 'free of faults' since mendicants become a medium of violence as well as possession here. This is discussed in the

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who reached omniscience while in sitting posture and other tirthankaras were in standing ascetic posture. In contrast, Śvetāmbaras believe it was Rishabha, Nemi and Mahāvīra who were the three in sitting

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is not an essential part as per scriptures, lay followers are always encouraged to attend them regularly to learn principles of Jainism. A formal procedure of greeting the preceptor by reciting 2 ancient

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There are some festivals which are exclusively celebrated by the Śvetāmbara sect and are neither recognized nor celebrated by the Digambara sect. Following is a list of some of those festivals: -

3974:Śvetāmbaras have very detailed practices and rituals that they perform at the temple and this is guided by their canon. Digambaras have lesser practices and rituals of worship at their temples. 2575:. Householders are discouraged from holding assets more than their requirement and needs. Being too deeply involved in worldly and materialistic pleasures is a hindrance to the attainment of 975:

and important Jain demi-gods and demi-goddesses. Historically, this is the oldest sub-tradition of the Śvetāmbaras and all other aniconic sects have emerged in and after the 14th century.

2715:: This concept is considered to be so important that it occurs in the 12 vows as well as 6 essential observances. It has also been a subject of great discussion in the canonical scripture 2978:. Mendicants cannot perform this form of worshipping as well as the material used for such worshipping can cause violence against small creatures and a mendicant must strictly follow the 2895:. The main motive behind such worshipping is not a worldly affair, but worshipping their qualities. Most Śvetāmbara lay-followers perform worshipping of idols in three main formats: - 1085:. They also govern the conduct of monks, nuns, as well as the laity. Non-canonical scriptures include, but are not limited to commentaries on canonical scriptures, biographies of the 3826:

It is a generic name given to various observances and celebrations at different Jain temples. It refers to the changing of the flag that is hoisted at the top of a Jain temple's

5537: 3346:, a form of fasting in which no oil, dairy products, and spices are consumed. This form of fasting is believed to improve control over the sense of taste. They also worship the 2928:, which refers to the devotional worshipping of the idol by decorating it with a devotedly designed armor of vibrant objects such as stones, clothes, and other colorful objects. 2664:: This vow is taken for a specific period of time and is given by a mendicant only. During this time, the lay follower becomes equivalent to a mendicant and must practice the 3421:(right knowledge). Rituals include visiting a Jain temple, placing objects of knowledge (such as pen, pencil, paper, books etc.) on a platform and venerating the object with 2103:

87.188.5). This cloth carrying tradition to cover genitalia by ancient Jain monks in principle resembles the beliefs of the Śvetāmbara and now extinct Yapaniya subtradition.

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Hymns rich in literary and devotional value are usually written by Śvetāmbara mendicants since ancient times. Digambaras give little to no importance to devotional music.

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period, these two shrines stood opposite to each other and when a devotee would pray at one of these, their back would face the other. However, facing one's back towards

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of which non-violence is the first. However, householders may perform such worshipping as the vows they follow do not entail practicing such micro-level of non-violence.

2607:: This vow is taken to reduce the usage of materialistic objects to a set limit. By taking this vow, a lay follower can reduce their attachment to materialistic objects. 3753:. The legend says that by the end of his recitation of the composition, the two shrines came side by side to each other. Today, both shrines stand next to each other. 1178:

of the Śvetāmbara canon are considered to have been created in 5th-4th century BC. Following is a list of the 45 canonical scriptures followed by the Śvetāmbaras: -

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faults of food are described which a monk or a nun must assess before accepting it as alms. They may only consume food free from the 42 faults (as described in the

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of time occur on this single day. Therefore, it holds high importance and auspiciousness in the Śvetāmbara sect. Most lay followers begin new ventures and worship

2595:: This vow is taken to reduce the movement in each direction by setting a specific limit. This is done to ensure minimum traveling is performed, leading to lesser 2036:

of the idols because they are not permitted to bath all their life and Śvetāmbara scriptures only permit a person with clean body and after bathing may perform

4866: 2085: 4004:, while older Digambara iconography was more lifelike because they endorsed demi-gods and demi-goddesses. Śvetāmbara icons have always been more lifelike. 3494:. All these forms of knowledge are highly venerated and worshipped in the Śvetāmbara sect. Lay followers of the Śvetāmbara sect also perform penance and 1981:

There are vast differences between the practices of the Śvetāmbaras and the Digambaras with some fundamental overlaps. Śvetāmbara scriptures divide the

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along with 8.5 crore (85 million) other mendicants. This place is believed to be the inspiration behind the whole walk of around 15-18km (12 miles).

3518:. Śvetāmbara legends say that if a devotee performs penance staying mum on this day every year for a period of 11 years and 11 months achieves 3323:

believes that these 9 entities were neither created nor can they be destroyed. It believes in the eternal existence of these 'categories' or

2934:(Worshipping of the idol without touching it): Such worshipping is performed by placing objects of worship in front of the idol and reciting 4494: 4457: 5208: 3630:, which are otherwise inaccessible on other days. The shrines that this walk takes a devotee through can be summarized as follows: - 2565:

taken by the mendicants. Householders are discouraged from engaging in adultery with anyone other than their partner for any purpose.

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followed by the mendicants. Minimal and unavoidable violence is acceptable on householders' part and they are not required to follow

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Other than rejecting or accepting different ancient Jain texts, Digambaras and Śvetāmbara differ in other significant ways such as:

6791: 3128:(lay followers) derive their knowledge of the religion and its practices from the other two pillars - mendicants (monks and nuns). 6399: 2154:, rains are expected and there is an increase in the number of insects on ground. Mendicants must not step on insects to practice 873:. Śvetāmbaras also believe that both of them were white-clad monks. These beliefs are completely rejected by the Digambara sect. 3730:

were constructed because it is believed that these two gave religious sermons in the said area. Legend says that during the 22nd

4246: 4033:(nuns to monks) is about 3.5 to 1. In contrast to Śvetāmbara, the Digambara sect monastic community has been predominantly male. 1100:, treatise and extensions of the canonical scriptures, lists of rare and uncommon words and knowledge base and dictionaries for 1073:Śvetāmbara literature can be classified into two major categories — canonical and non-canonical. Canonical scriptures state the 7943: 5012: 3741:

idols is considered to be a sin. Nandisena, a mendicant at that time, sat in the middle of both these shrines and composed the

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followed by monks and nuns. Householders are discouraged from stealing anything that is not theirs or is not given to them.

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A layman who opposed devotional temples, images and idols was Lonka Shah (c. 1476 CE) who is responsible for starting the

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or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.

3198:. Some of them also fast for all 8 days by consuming either only boiled water or nothing at all (this fast is known as 2988:(worshipping of the idol through emotions without using objects of worship): This form of worshipping includes singing 5494: 4037:

Jainism. The Śvetāmbaras strictly disagree with the Digambaras, believing that women can also achieve liberation from

7902: 6722: 6682: 6662: 6597: 6473: 6413: 1139:'s teachings. Historically, the knowledge of these scriptures was passed down orally in a preceptor-disciple system ( 674: 628: 129: 5280: 3550:

idols especially apart from performing the penance of staying silent on this day. Several legends including that of

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Unlike ascetics of the Digambara sect, ascetics of the Śvetāmbara sect beg for alms from multiple households as the

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just like they do. The follower must also beg for alms and follow all rule, rites, and rituals a mendicant follows.

1147:. As a result, most of the knowledge of the canonical scriptures was lost. The remaining canon was codified at the 4219: 3842:. Every Jain temple has a different day for the ceremony and it is celebrated on the said temple's anniversary. A 455: 5869: 2139:) on foot. The reason mendicants must wander is to regulate their senses of possession and to spread the word of 3876:

A minority of the Śvetāmbaras are split into other traditions where either Jain temples and halls are built but

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and eventually attaining such a state) than demerits as described in the canon. Another form of such worship is

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to limit intake of food and ay other materialistic things to have a better self-control. According to the 24th

2349: 2329:Śvetāmbara monks also perform other miscellaneous functions and duties. Some of them are as described below: - 2190:). After attaining sufficient spiritual and scriptural knowledge along with experience of the monastic life, a 1790: 3920:), who consider that they were created as a result of a grave misinterpretation of canonical scriptures. The 3498:

to celebrate the day. Most followers, if they do not perform fasts, refrain from consuming food after sunset.

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which is a ritualistic bathing of the idols with 18 excellent objects of high fragrance and devotional value.

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in 454 CE resulting in the 45 scriptures that govern the Śvetāmbara sect's religious practices till date.

7992: 7729: 7688: 6763: 7782: 5596:"JAINA Newsletter:Importance of Navpad Oli, Ayambil Story, Veerayatan's Eye Campy etc… - JAINA-JainLink" 3212:, which is traditionally read and celebrated publicly on the 5th of the 8 days. The 8th day is known as 7548: 6915: 5405: 4428: 3054:

amongst the Śvetāmbara laity. Digambaras strictly do not have such form of worshipping of their idols.

2962:(sweets). Each object of worshipping has its own significance and reason. These 5, in combination with 1152: 1040: 72: 17: 5155: 7643: 7017: 6717:, The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 4867:"Jainacharya Hansaratna Suri Maharaj's 180-Day Record Fast Concludes in Mumbai - www.lokmattimes.com" 3897: 3194:. During this 8-day long festival, lay followers intensify their spirituality and undertake rigorous 490: 408: 380: 5128:"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45): Uttarâdhyayana: Twenty-Ninth Lecture. The Exertion in Righteousness" 4327: 7987: 7582: 7205: 6910: 3095:. Usually, regular purification of temples and icons is performed and the ritual for which include 2007:). Religious practices of the Śvetāmbara sect differ for each section (monastics and laity) of the 623: 6997: 5673: 4736: 3811:

This shrine is the old starting point of the ascent of the main hill. This is the point where the

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It is believed to be the site where the water which is used in ritualistic bathing of the idol of

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These sub-traditions are not recognized by the original Śvetāmbara sect of the idol-worshippers (

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It is one of the most popular of the Jain festivals. It falls during the bright fortnight of the

2719:. A lay follower embraces equanimity for 48 minutes and that is how purification of soul happens. 821:, who was the disciple of Arya Krishnasuri. This account is found in 5th century Śvetāmbara text 4535: 3614:

in a single day. The walk is 15-18km long along a hilly terrain. This walk is also known as the

3586:, one of the most important pilgrimage sites for the Śvetāmbaras. Śvetāmbara legends state that 2510:. They are classified into 3 categories. Following is a list of the 12 vows of a householder: - 795:, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras. 7560: 7518: 7463: 6655:

Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Origin and development of Indus civilization

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during these 9 days. Spiritual practices are intensified during these days just as during the

1585: 7938: 7709: 7577: 7486: 4480: 4451: 2910:(a fragrant ointment) etc. According to scriptures, such worshipping is performed only using 2040:

of the idols. Ceremonious donation of all world possessions is performed before initiation.

667: 2970:(worshipping with idol by anointing it with a mixture of sandalwood paste and saffron), and 2048:

Upon initiation, a monk or a nun renounces all worldly possessions and relations, takes the

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comprising four parts). The four parts are — monks, nuns, male lay followers (also known as

1143:). However, the memory of the monks weakened in the 12-year long famine as described in the 996:

have come into existence till date and most of them are extinct now. Only 4 survive today -

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monk, but he believed that their teachings were inappropriate. As a result, he started the

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religion and scriptures as well as their duties and responsibilities from the mendicants' v

3043: 2758: 1132: 1101: 52: 7118: 4944: 4791: 3893: 3885: 3261:. This is one of the two major celebrations as per Śvetāmbara scriptures, the other being 2393: 2333:

Writing non-canonical scriptures (including commentaries on canonical scriptures) such as

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and is considered to be one of the holiest days by Śvetāmbara lay followers, who perform

3208:. Most of the reading is done in private, except the chapter that describes the birth of 2202:). Finally, after sufficient spiritual education, a monk is promoted to the status of an 1105: 573: 124: 1750:

is considered to be lost by both the sects. It was this scripture that contained the 14

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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

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which is performed parallel to the recitation of the hymn of the same name authored by

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Several other forms of worshipping of the idols exist. One of the most popular ones is

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From a linguistic point of view, Śvetāmbara canonical scriptures are the oldest of all

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and has the most number of followers as well as monks. To manage the large following,

861:, a canonical scripture of the Śvetāmbaras. According to the lineage mentioned in the 7787: 7678: 7618: 7613: 7598: 7565: 7555: 7369: 7256: 7007: 6861: 6854: 6831: 6738: 6718: 6698: 6678: 6658: 6640: 6617: 6593: 6573: 6553: 6533: 6513: 6489: 6469: 6449: 6429: 6409: 6382: 6359: 5692: 5545: 5424: 5187:"Chapter 28 – Six Essentials (Ävashyaka) – The Jainsite World's Largest Jain Website" 5063: 4919: 4885: 4742: 4486: 4307: 4252: 4225: 4198: 3337:(which means that it has existed since eternity and will continue to exist forever). 3279: 3267: 3223: 3204:). It is during these 8 days that monks and nuns read the holy canonical scripture - 2731:

as supreme beings for purification of soul. Through this, a lay follower attains the

2444: 2212: 2204: 2155: 2057: 1932: 1838: 1309: 1261: 1229: 840: 829:. This is also the earliest formal recognition of the schism between the two sects. 359: 303: 298: 239: 227: 159: 6932: 6187: 5306: 4329:

Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December

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Accepting confessions from and giving tasks to make up for their sins to the laity (

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posture at this point and eventually attained liberation. Several devotees perform

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Monks of the Śvetāmbara sect are categorized among the classes as described in the

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Scriptures describe 12 vows that a householder must take in order to bind minimum

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and tears his/her hair out. A newly-initiated monk/nun is ceremoniously given the

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in huge numbers on this day, every year and circumambulate the entire region of

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and at least 3 hymns and a recitation of major Jain hymns and prayers including

2974:(worshipping the idol by placing flower on its parts) are collectively known as 2133:

Mendicants constantly wander for 8 months of a year (except the 4 months of the

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Monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect wear white seamless clothing and carry a

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was female. However, Digambara reject this, and worship Mallinatha as a male.

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it includes taking vows for and limiting all actions so as to perform minimal

2743:(true and right knowledge, belief, and conduct). Śvetāmbara canon defines the 1497: 1144: 907: 862: 858: 476: 7981: 7882: 7734: 7719: 7385: 7151: 5549: 4923: 4490: 4119: 4117: 4008: 3759:

According to legends, this spot has witnessed most number of souls attaining

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and seek forgiveness for the sins they committed in the past year by saying "

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followed by the mendicants. Householders are directed to avoid speaking lies.

2297: 2223:

has a spiritual preceptor of the highest order and who is referred to as the

1285: 1205: 343: 308: 273: 114: 7268: 4945:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 3, Lesson 1" 4841:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 1, Lesson 1" 4792:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 7, Lesson 1" 3955:. However, monks of Śvetāmbara sect also follow all 5 vows as stated in the 2725:: This refers to extolling and appreciating the qualities of and praying to 1555:('Fundamental texts' which are foundational works studied by new monastics) 1477:, 'Stories on characters from the legendary dynasty known as Andhaka-Vṛṣṇi') 870: 441: 7802: 7792: 7400: 7311: 7306: 7293: 7243: 7210: 7173: 6876: 6866: 6372: 3948: 3944: 3508:

This festival is celebrated on the 11th day of the bright fortnight of the

3490: 3348: 3265:. During this festival, Śvetāmbaras worship the 9 supreme entities, namely 3218: 2771: 2647: 2471:

The Śvetāmbara canon defines some guidelines and duties for lay followers (

2459: 2091: 1906: 1629: 1522: 1273: 937: 929: 866: 618: 348: 318: 179: 149: 77: 6982: 6445:

Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices

4114: 1514: 7831: 7405: 7273: 7104: 7089: 7071: 7051: 7034: 6888: 6821: 6395: 5920: 5450: 4273:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: List of the Sthaviras" 4021: 3997: 3936: 3901: 3750: 3738: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3713: 3651: 3639: 3572:

This festival is observed on the 13th day of the bright fortnight of the

3547: 3539: 3465: 3440: 3303: 3102: 3074: 3060: 3012: 2998: 2915: 2886: 2853: 2752: 2726: 2408: 2354: 2334: 2281: 2259: 2150: 2135: 2029: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1924: 1915: 1892: 1833: 1823: 1796: 1774: 1321: 1090: 1044: 1032: 1017: 998: 972: 926: 911: 847: 788: 608: 504: 390: 338: 194: 6529:

Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women

5281:"Jain Festival: Dressing up the gods and goddess | NY Living Traditions" 2885:

The Śvetāmbara canon unequivocally endorses the worshipping of idols of

7836: 7812: 7473: 7321: 7188: 7183: 7141: 7002: 6922: 6694:

Guardians of the Transcendent: An Ethnology of a Jain Ascetic Community

4607: 3746: 3716: 3698: 3692: 3354: 3092: 3080: 3033: 2820: 2806: 2789: 2733: 2398: 2361: 2344: 1883: 1874: 1805: 1785: 1052: 1036: 826: 540: 535: 385: 375: 370: 278: 249: 204: 7435: 6769: 5969: 5943: 5895: 5767: 5719: 5621: 5091: 5038: 4693: 4667: 4638: 4578: 4552: 3358:. One of the most popular legends associated with this festival is of 2680: 2216:

are spiritual heads of the said monastic order. Usually each of the 4

1293:, 'Ten chapters on those who put an end to rebirth in this very life') 104: 7777: 7440: 7395: 7364: 7316: 7301: 7056: 7026: 6849: 6826: 6405: 4060: 3985: 3981: 3865: 3780: 3734: 3655: 3591: 3551: 3453: 3426: 3185: 2979: 2739: 2665: 2630: 2389: 2383: 2049: 1863: 1844: 1333: 1056: 1048: 1028: 982:(idol-worshipping) sect is the largest of all sects and sub-sects of 833: 818: 814: 804: 784: 756: 613: 603: 578: 413: 365: 244: 3594:

and Shyaambh, along with 8.5 crore (85 million) mendicants attained

3245:

This is a 9-day long festival that occurs twice a year, once in the

3228:" to the people they know. Digambaras, alternatively, celebrate the 2869:

and renouncing certain actions and objects for a set period of time.

2449:

perform consecration of temple lands and idols in a ritual known as

7963: 7851: 7846: 7359: 7333: 7066: 5259: 3965: 3952: 3940: 3849: 3766: 3611: 3574: 3461: 3209: 3007: 2939: 2856: 2063: 1305:, 'Ten chapters on those who were reborn in the uppermost heavens') 1156: 1136: 1109: 914: 850: 810: 764: 643: 353: 6266: 5472:"The divine moments of Shakrastav Abhishek at Kshatriyakund Tirth" 4000:

are plain in accordance with beliefs of the recently created sect

3834:

according to a ritual described in the scriptures and changes the

2942:

prayers, or singing devotional hymns. Objects of worship include,

2455:

Training the lay followers who seek initiation in the near future.

1131:

The Śvetāmbara canon consists of 45 scriptures, mostly written in

1027:

sect has had various eminent monks, including, but not limited to

771:' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the 7200: 6976: 6971: 6942: 6805: 6589:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE

6143: 6141: 6004: 6002: 5538:"Paryushan 2023: Date, Rituals and Significance of Jain Festival" 3776: 3647: 3587: 3555: 3469: 3457: 3447: 3430: 3376: 3320: 3247: 3232:

which is a 10-day long festival and has a different purpose than

3143: 3003: 2935: 2482: 2418: 2162: 2140: 2024:

Right before initiation, an ascetic-to-be performs his/her final

1755: 1194: 1082: 983: 817:

sect emerged in 82 AD as a result of a rebellion by a monk named

780: 768: 752: 96: 6355:

Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India

6230: 6126: 5570: 1486:(Texts relating to the conduct and behaviour of monks and nuns) 1447:, 'Series of stories on characters reborn in the kalpa heavens') 809:Śvetāmbaras consider themselves to be the original followers of 37: 7856: 7354: 7094: 6961: 6927: 6758: 6067: 6065: 4738:

A Treasury of Indian Wisdom: An Anthology of Spiritual Learning

3906: 3801: 3796: 3785: 3761: 3659: 3643: 3635: 3595: 3520: 3435: 3404:

It is celebrated on the 5th day of the bright fortnight of the

3394:

and their practices are vastly different from the Śvetāmbaras.

3199: 2577: 2229: 2217: 1993: 1987:

into four parts and the congregation is popularly known as the

1982: 1536:, Customary rules), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas 987: 953: 881: 525: 184: 6138: 5999: 5307:"What is Ashta Prakari Puja? | Oshwal Association of the U.K." 4809: 7491: 7468: 6937: 6165: 5353: 5064:"India Jains: Why are these youngsters renouncing the world?" 4821: 3861: 3084: 2309:

who are spiritual heads of a small sub-section of monks in a

2089:

A 1st- to 2nd–century CE water tank relief panel showing two

1546:, Large Niśītha), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas 945: 49:

about Śvetāmbara temples, icons, differences with Digambaras.

6801: 6425:

Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues

6378:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

6295: 6293: 6062: 4912:"In rare feat, 16-year-old Jain girl completes 110-day fast" 4721:

Shri Siddha Hemachandra Shabdanushashanam (sanskrit Grammar)

4482:

The Beginning of Hindu Culture as World-power (A.D. 300–600)

2148:

if developed, given up. However, during the 4 months of the

1417:, 'Exposition on the Jambū continent and the Jain universe') 80:

at a Jain temple in Mysore, depicting Śvetāmbara iconography

727: 721: 703: 4864: 4533: 4099:, pp. 53–59, 64–80, 286–287 with footnotes 21 and 32. 3340:

Throughout these 9 days, Śvetāmbara lay followers perform

3166:

is only performed by householders of the Śvetāmbara sect.

2873: 839:

that mention the historical lineage of their chief monks (

697: 6671:

Singh, Narendra (2001), "Acahrya Bhikshu and Terapanth",

6290: 6014: 5835:

HereNow4U: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness

5156:"Concept of Six Essentials – Sadh Avashyaka - Jainavenue" 3846:(community lunch) is organized as part of the ceremony. 2996:(devotional hymns) extolling the life and qualities of a 2198:(the fourth class as described in the fourth line of the 960:. It was in existence until 1930s when it went extinct. 712: 6714:

Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects

6050: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 2099:

cloth on their left hand found in the ruins of Mathura (

1628:– a technical treatise on analytical methods, discusses 1496:, 'Ten about monastic conduct', chapter 8 is the famed 6305: 6077: 5039:"Anjan Shalaka Pran Pratistha Ceremony Shwetambar Sect" 4248:

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Suffering-Zwingli

3333:. Śvetāmbaras, therefore, consider this festival to be 3073:

which is a lengthy ritual that includes mimicking of a

2186:(the fifth class as described in the fifth line of the 6317: 6089: 3425:(sandalwood powder) and reciting hymns venerating the 2782:

actions. It includes the first, second, and the fifth

2485:

to fulfill. Some of them are summarized as follows: -

6329: 6278: 6242: 6038: 6026: 5987: 5720:"Shri Gyan Panchami | Oshwal Association of the U.K." 4336: 4102: 4011:

time, till date, its monastic community has had more

2424:

Administering vows to the laity, such as the laity's

1387:, 'Classification of animate and inanimate entities') 1081:

as well as the foundational aspects of understanding

700: 6153: 5831:"The "99fold" Pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya @ HereNow4U" 5260:"How to do Puja – Jain Society Of Greater Cleveland" 4987:"The Vratas (Vows) of Householders - JAINA-JainLink" 4129: 3621:

Devotees first ascend the hill until they reach the

3380:

month. Although Digambaras believe in the legend of

1437:, 'Series of stories on characters reborn in hells') 724: 718: 709: 6254: 5511:America (YJA), Young Jains of (14 September 2018). 5013:"6 Internal Austerities (Abhyantar Tap) in Jainism" 4636: 4355: 4078: 2069: 2032:idols. Monks and nuns are not permitted to perform 1397:, 'Enunciation on topics of philosophy and ethics') 1020:is the largest, with the most monks and followers. 715: 706: 6481: 6132: 4765:America (YJA), Young Jains of (23 February 2024). 4605: 4221:Ideal, Ideology & Practice: Studies in Jainism 3943:. The difference is only that Śvetāmbaras believe 3646:gave birth to 6 other sons before giving birth to 2488: 1754:(14 scriptures containing extensive knowledge) of 971:in temples, worship before the images or idols of 886:(administrative sub-divisions) were created. Each 5377: 5326: 5206: 4717: 4518:Jain Literature , Aspects of Jainology: Volume VI 4401: 4141: 3472:endorses the existence of 5 types of knowledge — 1830:(biographies of the lives of 63 illustrious men) 1427:, 'Exposition on the moon and the Jain universe') 1257:, 'Exposition of explanations' or 'the holy one') 1123: 7979: 5619: 4245:Hastings, James; Selbie, John Alexander (1922). 3935:Śvetāmbaras believe that Parshvanatha, the 23rd 3686:, who was himself one of the prime disciples of 992:(administrative sub-divisions) were created. 84 6629: 6236: 6171: 6071: 5801:America (YJA), Young Jains of (24 March 2019). 5646:America (YJA), Young Jains of (11 April 2022). 5492: 4456:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 13. 2696:. Following are the 6 essential observances of 1565:), this is memorized by all new Jain mendicants 6670: 6008: 4767:"What is Jain Diksha and what does it entail?" 4244: 3927: 1607:), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas 6785: 6605: 6526:Jaini, Padmanabh S.; Goldman, Robert (2018), 6147: 5800: 5645: 5510: 4968: 4764: 668: 6525: 5620:Vinayvijay, Upadhyay; Yashovijay, Upadhyay. 5513:"Experiences with Paryushan and Das Lakshan" 4865:author/lokmat-english-desk (31 March 2024). 4827: 3799:. It is believed that several soul attained 3606:on this day. Śvetāmbara lay followers visit 3050:. It is considered to be a standard form of 3016:in particular seating positions is known as 1135:. They are considered to be what is left of 1062: 6585: 6462:Jain, Jyotindra; Fischer, Eberhard (1978), 6461: 6213:"Religious Knowledge and Stavan Collecting" 4815: 4665: 4123: 4046:The Śvetāmbaras state the 19th Tirthankara 3678:— Legend says this lake was established by 3662:at the spot where this shrine stands today. 2571:: This is a milder form of the mendicants' 2019: 2003:), and female lay followers (also known as 1761: 6792: 6778: 4485:. Shanghai: Commercial Press. p. 29. 4007:According to Śvetāmbara Jain texts, since 3947:taught one vow less (the Four vows except 3658:. Legend says that all 6 of them attained 3638:6 sons — According to the Jain version of 2865:, a follower's soul is purified by taking 2421:among the laity through religious sermons. 2267:as it is further sub-divided into various 2056:by their preceptor (who is always only an 1746:The above list makes it 46, but the last a 1457:, 'Flowers' refers to one of the stories') 1329:,'Bad or good results of deeds performed') 675: 661: 6546:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007), 6545: 6056: 5451:"Snatra Puja – Jain Samaj of Long Island" 4449: 4299: 3805:while performing penance under this tree. 3712:These are two shrines devoted to the 2nd 3414:. This festival is celebrated to worship 1973: 1281:,'Ten chapters on the Jain lay follower') 967:, that is they actively offer devotional 6109:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Contents" 5867: 4691: 4375:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Contents" 4303:Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation 3860: 3745:, a hymn in which alternate verse extol 2084: 71: 6799: 6690: 6323: 6032: 5970:"Adhar Abhishek evam Dhwajaropan Vidhi" 4402:www.wisdomlib.org (17 September 2017). 3964:two sects also differ on the origin of 3650:. These 6 sons were initiated into the 3433:, the eternal knowledge of the road to 3087:. Other popular ritualistic bathing is 3024:is usually performed in two postures — 2685:(Essential Observances) of Householders 2646:: This vow entails the completion of 2 1622:– discusses the five types of knowledge 29:One of the two major schools of Jainism 14: 7980: 6652: 6441: 6421: 6394: 6371: 6335: 6311: 6299: 6272: 6248: 6182: 6180: 6159: 6083: 6044: 6020: 5993: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5150: 5148: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5085: 5083: 5081: 4478: 4217: 4190: 4096: 4084: 3775:This is believed to be the spot where 3319:, one day for each of these entities. 3169: 2541:: This is a toned-down version of the 1968: 1771:Commentaries on canonical scriptures: 798: 767:means "white-clad", and refers to its 6773: 6730: 6636:Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography 6501: 6351: 6260: 6095: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5825: 5823: 5232: 4760: 4758: 4734: 4661: 4659: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4601: 4599: 4529: 4527: 4397: 4395: 4361: 4295: 4293: 4164: 4108: 3726:each. Shrines dedicated to these two 3460:, she is not worshipped as she is in 3238: 3158:in a particular sequence is known as 876:To manage the large following of the 869:was, unequivocally, the successor of 751:) is one of the two main branches of 6710: 6565: 6284: 5803:"Chha Gaun Yatra — A Hidden Journey" 5378:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023). 5327:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023). 5207:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023). 5010: 4515: 4404:"Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra" 4349: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4147: 4135: 3900:sub-tradition after criticizing the 2535:(non-violence) as mendicants follow. 2194:may be promoted to the status of an 2125:to obtain control over the senses. 906:(including the one mentioned in the 31: 6657:, vol. 1, Anmol Publications, 6177: 5870:"Spiritual Pilgrimmage of Chha Gau" 5785: 5170: 5145: 5109: 5078: 4534:Mahopadhyay Yashovijaya Ji (1958). 3819: 2561:: This is a toned-down form of the 2294:Sagaranand (or Anandsagar) Samudaay 2173: 2107: 1269:, 'Parables and religious stories') 1213:, 'On heretical systems and views') 24: 6532:, University of California Press, 5848: 5820: 5304: 4755: 4656: 4637:Siddhasena Divakarasuri, Acharya. 4625: 4596: 4579:"Vimalsuri's Paumachariyam Part 2" 4576: 4553:"Vimalsuri's Paumachariyam Part 1" 4550: 4524: 4392: 4290: 4019:(female than male mendicants). In 2848:. Similarly, a lay follower takes 1903:Treatise on languages and grammar 1120:), and miscellaneous scriptures. 910:) trace their lineage to the 24th 25: 8004: 6751: 6505:Collected Papers On Jaina Studies 6502:Jaini, Padmanabh S., ed. (2000), 5967: 5944:"Dhwaja Pujani Vidhi ane Samagri" 4639:"Shri Vardhman Shakrastav Stotra" 4606:Siddhasena Divakarsuri, Acharya. 4191:Dundas, Paul (2 September 2003). 4153: 3565: 3542:of the past, present, and future 3137:. As such, even though attending 2751:to extol the qualities of the 24 2417:Actively promoting principles of 2313:. Other classes of monks such as 2182:. Each newly initiated monk is a 1201:, meaning: 'On monastic conduct') 7962: 6800: 6757: 6609:Jainism: The World of Conquerors 6586:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007), 5941: 5893: 5765: 5717: 5671: 5403: 5092:"Samkit Mul 12 Vrat 124 Atichar" 5089: 5036: 4735:Singh, Karan (15 January 2016). 4497:from the original on 2 July 2023 4460:from the original on 2 July 2023 4126:, pp. 1–2, 8–9, xxxiv–xxxv. 4025:of the modern era, the ratio of 3582:and is directly associated with 3397: 2611:Sthūla Anarthadaṇḍa Viramaṇ Vrat 2605:Sthūla Bhogopabhoga Viramaṇ Vrat 1710:, 'Praise of the kings of gods') 963:Majority of the Śvetāmbaras are 693: 642: 103: 76:An idol of the 23rd tirthankara 36: 6697:, University of Toronto Press, 6205: 6101: 5961: 5935: 5913: 5887: 5759: 5733: 5711: 5665: 5639: 5613: 5588: 5563: 5530: 5504: 5486: 5464: 5443: 5397: 5371: 5346: 5320: 5298: 5273: 5252: 5226: 5200: 5056: 5030: 5004: 4979: 4962: 4937: 4904: 4858: 4833: 4784: 4728: 4711: 4685: 4570: 4544: 4509: 4472: 4443: 4421: 4367: 4320: 4300:Glasenapp, Helmuth von (1999). 4265: 4238: 4218:Singhi, Narendra Kumar (1987). 3618:(walk of visiting 6 villages). 3501: 3439:is recorded in the word of the 2966:(bathing the idol with water), 2551:: This is a milder form of the 2521:Sthūla Prāṇātipāta Viramaṇ Vrat 2324: 2305:etc. Another class of monks is 1317:, 'Questions and explanations') 925:traces its lineage to the 23rd 7898:List of Digambar Jain ascetics 5011:Shah, Jay (27 November 2023). 4211: 4184: 3562:are associated with this day. 2549:Sthūla Adattādāna Viramaṇ Vrat 2523:: A toned-down version of the 2014: 1690:, 'Reflection on rice grains') 1237:, 'On "rising numerical groups 1094:Trisasti-shalakapurusa-caritra 13: 1: 6711:Vyas, Dr. R. T., ed. (1995), 4066: 3110:(Interaction with Mendicants) 2786:as part of rituals within it. 2043: 6482:Jain, Kailash Chand (1991), 6275:, pp. 314–331, 353–361. 5495:"Shri Adhaar Abhishek Vidhi" 5209:"Six Avasyakas (essentials)" 4479:Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (1916). 4450:Stevenson, Margaret (1915). 4306:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 4071: 3980:Digambara believe Rishabha, 3710:Ajitnath - Shantinath Deri — 3370:falls on the 7th day of the 3177: 2812:Chaturvimsati-stava Āvaśyaka 2569:Sthūla Parigrah Viramaṇ Vrat 2559:Sthūla Maithuna Viramaṇ Vrat 2539:Sthūla Mṛṣāvāda Viramaṇ Vrat 2128: 1828:Trīṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacharitra 1660:, 'Sick man's renunciation') 1345:and is considered lost now') 857:is the one mentioned in the 7: 6983: 6485:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times 6358:, Oxford University Press, 5921:"Palitana - Jain Treasures" 5493:Arvindsagar Maharaj, Muni. 5380:"Ten rituals of the Temple" 5329:"Ten rituals of the Temple" 4608:"Shri Kalyan Mandir Stotra" 4054: 3928:Differences with Digambaras 2800:, a lay follower goes into 2406:Vardhamān Śakrastav Stotra, 1153:Devardhigani Kshamashramana 956:community belonged to this 484:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara) 260:Aparigraha (non-possession) 10: 8009: 6345: 5768:"Maun Ekadashi Vrat Katha" 4718:Hemachandracharya (1934). 4666:Hemachandrasuri, Acharya. 4043:through ascetic practices. 3456:represents. Therefore, in 2706:of the Śvetāmbara sect: - 2370:Writing devotional songs ( 1888:Vardhamān Śakrastav Stotra 1526:(Niśītha, 'Interdictions') 1407:, 'Exposition on the sun') 1377:, 'Questions of the king') 1246:Viyāha-pannatti / Bhagavaī 1066: 1041:Devardhigani Kshamashraman 853:. The most popular of the 846:) beginning with the 24th 802: 470:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara) 449:Pravachanasara (Digambara) 7959: 7911: 7875: 7758: 7697: 7661: 7591: 7509: 7502: 7454: 7378: 7342: 7292: 7219: 7134: 7080: 7025: 7016: 6840: 6812: 6731:Wiley, Kristi L. (2009), 6566:Long, Jeffery D. (2013), 6508:(First ed.), Delhi: 4197:. Routledge. p. 46. 4167:"Visheshavashyak Bhashya" 3464:, but as the word of the 2804:(pure meditation) during 2690:bind least and shed most 1920:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana 1853:Jain versions of Ramayana 1670:, 'Renunciation of food') 1352:Upāṅgas (auxiliary limbs) 1225:, 'On different points ') 1149:Great Council of Vallabhi 1063:Scriptures and literature 832:Śvetāmbaras have several 6674:Encyclopaedia of Jainism 6639:, Abhinav Publications, 6606:Shah, Natubhai (2004) , 6569:Jainism: An Introduction 6549:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 4828:Jaini & Goldman 2018 4694:"Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa" 4668:"Shri Sakalarhat Stotra" 4224:. Printwell Publishers. 3002:. A sequence of several 2844:(vow) before commencing 2640:being bound to the soul. 2601:being bound to the soul. 2593:Sthūla Dik Parimāṇa Vrat 2466: 2302:Bhuvanbhanusuri Samudaay 2288:Buddhisagarsuri Samudaay 2020:Preparing for Initiation 1943:Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi-kośa 1762:Non-Canonical Literature 1640:("miscellaneous texts") 1518:(Vyavahāra, 'Procedure') 1431:Nirayāvaliyāo or Kappiya 950:Acharya Swayamprabhasuri 624:Parasparopagraho Jivanam 477:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara) 267:Anuvratas (further vows) 7862:Jain terms and concepts 7482:Digambar Jain Mahasabha 6631:Shah, Umakant Premanand 6552:, Infobase Publishing, 6488:, Motilal Banarsidass, 6442:Harvey, Graham (2016), 6352:Cort, John E. (2001a), 6188:"Jain Agama Literature" 6133:Kailash Chand Jain 1991 5868:Gunratnasuri, Acharya. 5410:www.austinjainsangh.org 5354:"YJA | Temple Handouts" 5090:Muni, Malaykirtivijay. 4972:Shri Anand Ghan Chovisi 4692:Rajendrasuri, Acharya. 4516:Jain, Sagarmal (1998). 4124:Jain & Fischer 1978 3765:than any other spot on 3684:Ganadhar Pundarik Swami 3374:that occurs during the 3079:ritualistic bathing at 2891:by all sections of the 2840:. A lay follower takes 2775:: Shedding of negative 2271:(smaller sections of a 1740:, 'Great renunciation') 1730:, 'Great renunciation') 1720:, 'A Gaṇi's knowledge') 1127:or Canonical Literature 1114:stavan, stuti, sajjhay, 942:Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri 787:and coastal regions of 233:Mahavratas (major vows) 6691:Vallely, Anne (2002), 6677:, Anmol Publications, 6653:Shashi, S. S. (1996), 6422:Flügel, Peter (2006), 5942:Muni, Deepratnasagar. 5622:"Shripaal Rajano Raas" 4969:Anand Ghan Ji (1950). 3873: 3870:Prince of Wales museum 3838:(flag) hoisted on the 3783:and Shyaambh attained 3427:demi-goddess Saraswati 3388:, they do not perform 3368:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 3251:month and once in the 3093:Achraya Siddhasenasuri 2672:Atithi Saṃvibhāga Vrat 2493:(Vows) of Householders 2298:Kalapurnasuri Samudaay 2104: 2070:Monastic Possessions ( 1929:Tattvaprakāśikā prakāś 1911:Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa 1467:, 'The nun Puṣpacūlā') 1303:Anuttaropapātika-daśāḥ 1298:Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh 1141:guru-shishya parampara 755:, the other being the 531:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 442:Samayasāra (Digambara) 255:Brahmacarya (chastity) 81: 47:is missing information 7893:List of Jain ascetics 7698:Dynasties and empires 7487:Vishwa Jain Sangathan 6734:The A to Z of Jainism 6057:Jones & Ryan 2007 5544:. 19 September 2023. 4251:. T. & T. Clark. 3864: 3857:(Aniconic) Traditions 3445:and that is known as 3032:. It also includes 2 2906:(sandalwood powder), 2563:Brahmacharya Mahāvrat 2458:Regularly performing 2366:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya. 2275:). Some of the major 2251:Parshvachandra Gaccha 2088: 1933:old Gujarati language 1700:, 'Hitting the mark') 1650:, The 'four refuges') 1363:,'Places of rebirth') 1286:Aṇuttarovavāiya-dasāo 1010:Parshvachandra Gaccha 952:, the founder of the 948:community as well as 944:, the founder of the 250:Asteya (non-stealing) 240:Ahiṃsā (non-violence) 75: 7888:List of Jain temples 6766:at Wikimedia Commons 6237:Umakant P. Shah 1987 6192:www.cs.colostate.edu 6172:Umakant P. Shah 1987 6072:Umakant P. Shah 1987 5896:"Ajit-Shanti Stotra" 4453:The Heart of Jainism 3702:here and recite the 3044:Uvasaggaharam Stotra 3010:prayers extolling a 2862:Uttaradhyayana Sutra 2818:is performed during 2759:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 2717:Uttaradhyayana Sutra 2401:Kalyan Mandir Stotra 2095:Jain monks carrying 1931:(the grammar of the 1879:Kalyān Mandir Stotra 1810:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya 1575:Uttarādhyayana-sūtra 1570:Uttarajjhayaṇa-sutta 1510:, ' Religious code') 1415:Jambūdvīpa-prajñapti 1267:Jñāta-dharmakathānga 1172:Uttaradhyayana Sutra 1155:, which was held at 1151:under leadership of 1133:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 1112:, devotional hymns ( 1102:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 940:'s chief disciples, 823:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya 409:Schools and Branches 7969:Religion portal 7903:Topics List (index) 7194:Mahamastakabhisheka 6614:Motilal Banarsidass 6510:Motilal Banarsidass 6404:(Second ed.), 6302:, pp. 182–183. 6023:, pp. 246–249. 6009:Narendra Singh 2001 5766:Shah, Pulinbhai R. 5678:austinjainsangh.org 5158:. 14 September 2020 4918:. 29 October 2023. 4818:, pp. 174–176. 4332:. pp. 233–242. 4002:Digambara Terapanth 3892:was initiated as a 3225:Michchhāmi Dukkaḍaṃ 3170:Religious festivals 3089:Śakrastava Abhiṣeka 2954:(raw rice grains), 2757:. It is written in 2723:Chaturvimsati-stava 1969:Religious practices 1961:Deśi-Śabda-Sangraho 1563:Daśavaikālika-sūtra 1411:Jambūdvīpa-pannatti 1106:Maharashtri Prakrit 799:History and lineage 649:Religion portal 339:The 24 Tirthankaras 7993:Schools of Jainism 7867:Sexual differences 6468:, BRILL Academic, 6148:Natubhai Shah 2004 5923:. 19 November 2021 5703:has generic name ( 5571:"YJA | Navpad Oli" 5542:The Times of India 5435:has generic name ( 4916:The Times of India 4896:has generic name ( 3874: 3486:Manaḥparyaya Jñāna 3240:Śāśvata Navpad Oli 3162:. The practice of 3118:has 4 pillars and 3116:Chaturvidha Sangha 2893:Chaturvidha Sangha 2573:Aparigrah Mahāvrat 2350:Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya 2105: 2066:all their life. 1989:chaturvidha sangha 1976:Chaturvidha Sangha 1791:Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya 1658:Ātura-pratyākhyāna 1626:Anuyogadvāra-sūtra 1559:Dasaveyāliya-sutta 1341:'contained the 14 902:. While all other 456:Agama (Śvetāmbara) 82: 7975: 7974: 7657: 7656: 7436:Hampa Nagarajaiah 7329:Auspicious dreams 7257:Bhaktamara Stotra 7130: 7129: 6762:Media related to 6744:978-0-8108-6821-2 6704:978-0-8020-8415-6 6646:978-81-7017-208-6 6623:978-81-208-1938-2 6579:978-0-85771-392-6 6559:978-0-8160-5458-9 6539:978-0-520-30296-9 6519:978-81-208-1691-6 6495:978-81-208-0805-8 6465:Jaina Iconography 6455:978-1-134-93690-8 6435:978-1-134-23552-0 6388:978-0-14-341517-6 6381:, Penguin books, 6365:978-0-19-513234-2 6314:, pp. 55–59. 6287:, pp. 36–37. 6239:, pp. 79–80. 6150:, pp. 73–74. 6098:, pp. 27–28. 6086:, pp. 31–33. 5968:Mehta, Arvind K. 5894:Muni, Nandisena. 5384:www.wisdomlib.org 5333:www.wisdomlib.org 5213:www.wisdomlib.org 4830:, pp. 42–45. 4748:978-81-8475-303-5 4577:Jacobi, Hermann. 4551:Jacobi, Hermann. 4408:www.wisdomlib.org 4352:, pp. 20–22. 4313:978-81-208-1376-2 4258:978-0-567-06509-4 4231:978-81-7044-042-0 4204:978-1-134-50165-6 4138:, pp. 60–61. 4111:, pp. 83–84. 3996:Recent Digambara 3905:on the principle 3773:Bhadva's Dungar — 3578:month as per the 2749:Namutthunam Sutra 2644:Deśāvakāśika Vrat 2553:Achaurya Mahāvrat 2412:Sakalarhat Stotra 2394:Bhaktāmara Stotra 1897:Sakalārhat Stotra 1869:Bhaktāmara Stotra 1860:Devotional hymns 1728:Mahā-pratyākhyāna 1688:Taṇḍula-vaicārika 1262:Nāyā-dhamma-kahāo 1251:Vyākhyā-prajñapti 685: 684: 304:Micchami Dukkadam 299:Bhaktamara Stotra 228:Ethics of Jainism 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 8000: 7967: 7966: 7929:Monks & nuns 7826:Statue of Ahimsa 7783:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi 7507: 7506: 7421:Champat Rai Jain 7264:Tattvartha Sutra 7023: 7022: 6986: 6804: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6761: 6747: 6727: 6707: 6687: 6667: 6649: 6626: 6602: 6582: 6562: 6542: 6522: 6498: 6478: 6458: 6438: 6418: 6391: 6368: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6217:academic.oup.com 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6184: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6136: 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463:Tattvartha Sutra 107: 84: 83: 65: 62: 56: 40: 32: 21: 8008: 8007: 8003: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7961: 7955: 7907: 7871: 7820:Panch Kalyanaka 7754: 7693: 7689:Non-creationism 7653: 7587: 7498: 7450: 7431:Jeffery D. Long 7426:Padmanabh Jaini 7411:Virchand Gandhi 7391:Colette Caillat 7374: 7338: 7288: 7215: 7126: 7076: 7012: 6899:Heavenly beings 6836: 6808: 6798: 6754: 6745: 6725: 6705: 6685: 6665: 6647: 6624: 6612:, vol. I, 6600: 6580: 6572:, I.B. Tauris, 6560: 6540: 6520: 6496: 6476: 6456: 6436: 6416: 6389: 6366: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6334: 6330: 6322: 6318: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6186: 6185: 6178: 6170: 6166: 6158: 6154: 6146: 6139: 6131: 6127: 6117: 6115: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6094: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6051: 6043: 6039: 6031: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6011:, p. 5184. 6007: 6000: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5866: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5829: 5828: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5799: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5741:"Maun Ekadashi" 5739: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5716: 5712: 5700: 5699: 5690: 5689: 5682: 5680: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5509: 5505: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5474:. 4 August 2018 5470: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5432: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5412: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5126: 5125: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5088: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4893: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4875: 4873: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4733: 4729: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4664: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4604: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4549: 4545: 4532: 4525: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4400: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4337: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4298: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4163: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4057: 4009:Rishabhanatha's 3988:were the three 3930: 3888:sub-tradition. 3859: 3824: 3795:This is an old 3676:Chandan Talavdi 3672:gets collected. 3666:Ulkā Jal Deri — 3600:Bhadva's Dungar 3570: 3506: 3402: 3327:that propagate 3243: 3182: 3172: 3152:Abbhuthio Sutra 3148:Icchakāra Sutra 3112: 3083:by the demi-god 3030:Muktāśuktimudrā 2883: 2797:Sthananga Sutra 2687: 2495: 2469: 2382:etc.), such as 2327: 2257:each. However, 2176: 2131: 2110: 2101:Brooklyn Museum 2076: 2046: 2022: 2017: 1979: 1971: 1851:(oldest of all 1839:Pariśiṣṭaparvan 1816:Biographies of 1764: 1616:("appendixes") 1445:Kalpāvataṃsikāḥ 1405:Sūrya-prajñapti 1401:Sūriya-pannatti 1385:Jīvājīvābhigama 1381:Jīvājīvābhigama 1367:Rāya-paseṇaijja 1238: 1176:Sthananga Sutra 1164:Jain literature 1129: 1079:Jain philosophy 1071: 1069:Jain literature 1065: 978:The Śvetāmbara 807: 801: 793:Jeffery D. Long 791:. According to 735:; also spelled 696: 692: 681: 641: 634: 633: 599: 598: 589: 588: 556: 555: 546: 545: 521: 520: 511: 510: 436: 435: 433:Jain literature 424: 423: 406: 405: 396: 395: 334: 333: 324: 323: 314:Ṇamōkāra mantra 294: 293: 284: 283: 225: 224: 215: 214: 145: 144: 66: 60: 57: 50: 41: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8006: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7973: 7972: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7651: 7646: 7644:Southeast Asia 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7515: 7513: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7478:Organisations 7476: 7471: 7466: 7460: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7446:Jinendra Varni 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7416:Hermann Jacobi 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7350:Digambara monk 7346: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7309: 7304: 7298: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7284:Uttaradhyayana 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7252:Namokar Mantra 7246: 7241: 7239:Shatkhandagama 7236: 7234:Pravachanasara 7231: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7144: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7086: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7045:Kashtha Sangha 7042: 7040:Balatkara Gana 7031: 7029: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6935: 6925: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6884:Jain cosmology 6881: 6880: 6879: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6846: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6806:Jainism topics 6797: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6753: 6752:External links 6750: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6728: 6723: 6708: 6703: 6688: 6683: 6668: 6663: 6650: 6645: 6627: 6622: 6603: 6598: 6583: 6578: 6563: 6558: 6543: 6538: 6523: 6518: 6499: 6494: 6479: 6474: 6459: 6454: 6439: 6434: 6419: 6414: 6392: 6387: 6369: 6364: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6328: 6316: 6304: 6289: 6277: 6265: 6253: 6251:, p. 167. 6241: 6229: 6204: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6137: 6125: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6061: 6059:, p. 211. 6049: 6047:, p. 945. 6037: 6025: 6013: 5998: 5996:, p. 254. 5986: 5960: 5934: 5912: 5886: 5847: 5819: 5784: 5758: 5732: 5718:Shah, Shobha. 5710: 5664: 5638: 5612: 5587: 5562: 5529: 5503: 5485: 5463: 5442: 5396: 5370: 5345: 5319: 5297: 5272: 5251: 5225: 5199: 5169: 5144: 5108: 5077: 5055: 5029: 5003: 4978: 4961: 4936: 4903: 4857: 4832: 4820: 4808: 4783: 4754: 4747: 4741:. Penguin UK. 4727: 4710: 4684: 4655: 4624: 4595: 4569: 4543: 4523: 4508: 4471: 4442: 4431:. 7 April 2021 4420: 4391: 4366: 4354: 4335: 4319: 4312: 4289: 4264: 4257: 4237: 4230: 4210: 4203: 4183: 4152: 4140: 4128: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4034: 4005: 3994: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3957:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 3929: 3926: 3868:on display at 3858: 3848: 3844:svāmi-vātsalya 3823: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3813:Phālguṇa Pherī 3806: 3790: 3770: 3767:Palitana hills 3754: 3707: 3673: 3663: 3634:The shrine of 3612:Palitana hills 3604:Palitana hills 3580:lunar calendar 3569: 3567:Phālguṇa Pherī 3564: 3516:lunar calendar 3505: 3500: 3412:lunar calendar 3401: 3396: 3310:Samyak Cāritra 3298:Samyak Darśana 3259:lunar calendar 3242: 3237: 3192:lunar calendar 3181: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3111: 3101: 3067: 3066: 3040:Namokar Mantra 2983: 2958:(fruits), and 2929: 2912:'uttam dravya' 2882: 2881:(Idol Worship) 2872: 2871: 2870: 2830:: Last of all 2825: 2787: 2768: 2762: 2720: 2686: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2669: 2659: 2641: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2566: 2556: 2546: 2543:Satya Mahāvrat 2536: 2494: 2487: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2453: 2451:anjana-śalākā. 2442: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2368: 2326: 2323: 2265:gacchadhipatis 2243:Kharata Gaccha 2200:Namokar Mantra 2188:Namokar Mantra 2180:Namokar Mantra 2175: 2172: 2168:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 2145:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 2130: 2127: 2119:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 2114:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 2109: 2106: 2075: 2068: 2045: 2042: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1922: 1913: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1842: 1831: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1783: 1763: 1760: 1748:ngā Driśtivāda 1744: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1731: 1721: 1711: 1708:Devendra-stava 1704:Devinda-tthaya 1701: 1698:Candravedhyaka 1694:Canda-vejjhaya 1691: 1681: 1680:, 'Straw bed') 1671: 1668:Bhakta-parijñā 1664:Bhatta-parinnā 1661: 1651: 1638:Paiṇṇayasūtras 1634: 1633: 1632: 1623: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1601:Piṇḍa-niryukti 1593:Piṇḍa-nijjutti 1590: 1586:Āvaśyaka-sūtra 1581:Āvassaya-sutta 1578: 1566: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1537: 1527: 1519: 1511: 1501: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1468: 1458: 1448: 1441:Kappāvaḍaṃsiāo 1438: 1428: 1421:Canda-pannatti 1418: 1408: 1398: 1388: 1378: 1364: 1357:Uvavāiya-sutta 1348: 1347: 1346: 1330: 1318: 1310:Paṇha-vāgaraṇa 1306: 1294: 1282: 1270: 1258: 1242: 1226: 1214: 1202: 1168:Ācārāṅga Sūtra 1128: 1122: 1098:Jain mythology 1075:Jain cosmology 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 894:One of the 84 800: 797: 683: 682: 680: 679: 672: 665: 657: 654: 653: 652: 651: 636: 635: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 600: 596: 595: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 557: 553: 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 522: 518: 517: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 501: 498:Silappatikaram 494: 487: 480: 473: 466: 459: 452: 445: 437: 431: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422: 421: 416: 407: 403: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 356: 351: 346: 341: 335: 331: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 295: 291: 290: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 263: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 236: 235: 226: 222: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 146: 140: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 127: 122: 117: 109: 108: 100: 99: 93: 92: 68: 67: 44: 42: 35: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8005: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7970: 7965: 7958: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7883:List of Jains 7881: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7808:Jain calendar 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7649:United States 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7583:Uttar Pradesh 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7386:Nalini Balbir 7384: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7164:Vegetarianism 7162: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6795: 6790: 6788: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6746: 6740: 6737:, Scarecrow, 6736: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6724:81-7017-316-7 6720: 6716: 6715: 6709: 6706: 6700: 6696: 6695: 6689: 6686: 6684:81-261-0691-3 6680: 6676: 6675: 6669: 6666: 6664:81-7041-859-3 6660: 6656: 6651: 6648: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6628: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6604: 6601: 6599:9789004155374 6595: 6591: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6480: 6477: 6475:90-04-05259-3 6471: 6467: 6466: 6460: 6457: 6451: 6448:, Routledge, 6447: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6431: 6428:, Routledge, 6427: 6426: 6420: 6417: 6415:0-415-26605-X 6411: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6373:Dalal, Roshen 6370: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6338:, p. 56. 6337: 6332: 6326:, p. 15. 6325: 6320: 6313: 6308: 6301: 6296: 6294: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6263:, p. 47. 6262: 6257: 6250: 6245: 6238: 6233: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6174:, p. 17. 6173: 6168: 6162:, p. 21. 6161: 6156: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6135:, p. 12. 6134: 6129: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6092: 6085: 6080: 6073: 6068: 6066: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6041: 6035:, p. 59. 6034: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 6003: 5995: 5990: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5922: 5916: 5901: 5897: 5890: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5694: 5679: 5675: 5672:User, Super. 5668: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5601: 5600:www.jaina.org 5597: 5591: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5496: 5489: 5473: 5467: 5452: 5446: 5438: 5426: 5411: 5407: 5406:"Snatra Puja" 5404:User, Super. 5400: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5308: 5301: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5261: 5255: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5188: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5066:. 7 July 2019 5065: 5059: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4992: 4991:www.jaina.org 4988: 4982: 4974: 4973: 4965: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4887: 4872: 4868: 4861: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4759: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4723: 4722: 4714: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4660: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4600: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4539: 4538: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4475: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4446: 4430: 4424: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4396: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4364:, p. 88. 4363: 4358: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4296: 4294: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4260: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4214: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4150:, p. 20. 4149: 4144: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4087:, p. 45. 4086: 4081: 4077: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3809:Juni Taleti — 3807: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3688:Rishabhanatha 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670:Rishabhanatha 3667: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3560:Suvrat Shetha 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3514:month of the 3513: 3512: 3511:Maargashirsha 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3452:This is what 3451: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3410:month of the 3409: 3408: 3400: 3399:Jñāna Pañcamī 3395: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3386:Mayaṇasundarī 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3364:Mayaṇasundarī 3361: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3257:month of the 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3230:Das Lakshana, 3227: 3226: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3190:month of the 3189: 3188: 3180: 3175: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3076:tirthankara's 3072: 3064: 3063: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3048:Logassa Sutra 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2816:Logassa Sutra 2813: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2745:Logassa Sutra 2742: 2741: 2737:and eventual 2736: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662:Pauṣadha Vrat 2660: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2649:pratikramanas 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2626:Sāmāyika Vrat 2623: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409:Hemachandra's 2407: 2403: 2402: 2399:Siddhasena's 2397: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2255:gacchadhipati 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235:gacchadhipati 2232: 2231: 2226: 2225:gacchadhipati 2222: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1977: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1952:Anekarth Kośa 1949: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1849:Paumachariyam 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1818:Śalākāpuruṣas 1815: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1605:Ogha-niryukti 1602: 1598: 1597:Ogha-nijjutti 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1465:Puṣpa-cūlikāḥ 1462: 1461:Puppha-cūliāo 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375:Rāja-praśnīya 1372: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291:Antakṛd-daśāḥ 1288: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1279:Upāsaka-daśāḥ 1276: 1275: 1274:Uvāsaga-dasāo 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1184:Angās (limbs) 1181: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1091:Hemachandra's 1088: 1087:Śalākāpuruṣas 1084: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1014:Achal Gaccha. 1011: 1007: 1006: 1001: 1000: 995: 991: 990: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 928: 924: 920: 919:Upkesa Gaccha 916: 913: 909: 905: 901: 900:Upkeśa Gaccha 897: 893: 889: 885: 884: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 849: 845: 844: 838: 837: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 813:and that the 812: 806: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 732: 690: 678: 673: 671: 666: 664: 659: 658: 656: 655: 650: 645: 640: 639: 638: 637: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 593: 592: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 560: 550: 549: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 515: 514: 507: 506: 502: 500: 499: 495: 493: 492: 488: 486: 485: 481: 479: 478: 474: 472: 471: 467: 465: 464: 460: 458: 457: 453: 451: 450: 446: 444: 443: 439: 438: 434: 428: 427: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 400: 399: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 381:Samantabhadra 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 361: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332:Major figures 328: 327: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 309:Navkar Mantra 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 288: 287: 280: 277: 275: 272: 271: 268: 265: 264: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 245:Satya (truth) 243: 241: 238: 237: 234: 231: 230: 229: 219: 218: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 143: 137: 136: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 112: 111: 110: 106: 102: 101: 98: 95: 94: 90: 86: 85: 79: 74: 64: 61:December 2019 54: 48: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 27: 19: 7824: 7803:Samavasarana 7793:Śalākāpuruṣa 7401:John E. Cort 7312:Ashtamangala 7307:Siddhachakra 7244:Kasayapahuda 7211:Pratikramana 7119:Sthānakavāsī 7081: 6877:Anekāntavāda 6873:Jaina logic 6867:Kevala Jñāna 6862:Epistemology 6733: 6713: 6693: 6673: 6654: 6635: 6608: 6588: 6568: 6548: 6528: 6504: 6484: 6464: 6444: 6424: 6400: 6396:Dundas, Paul 6377: 6354: 6331: 6324:Vallely 2002 6319: 6307: 6280: 6268: 6256: 6244: 6232: 6220:. Retrieved 6216: 6207: 6195:. Retrieved 6191: 6167: 6155: 6128: 6116:. Retrieved 6112: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6074:, p. 5. 6052: 6040: 6033:Vallely 2002 6028: 6016: 5989: 5977:. Retrieved 5973: 5963: 5951:. Retrieved 5947: 5937: 5925:. Retrieved 5915: 5903:. Retrieved 5899: 5889: 5877:. Retrieved 5873: 5838:. Retrieved 5834: 5810:. Retrieved 5806: 5775:. Retrieved 5771: 5761: 5749:. Retrieved 5744: 5735: 5713: 5681:. Retrieved 5677: 5674:"Navpad Oli" 5667: 5655:. Retrieved 5651: 5648:"Navpad Oli" 5641: 5629:. Retrieved 5625: 5615: 5603:. Retrieved 5599: 5590: 5578:. Retrieved 5574: 5565: 5553:. 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Retrieved 4452: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4407: 4382:. Retrieved 4378: 4369: 4357: 4328: 4322: 4302: 4280:. Retrieved 4276: 4267: 4247: 4240: 4220: 4213: 4193: 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4170: 4143: 4131: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4012: 3990:tirthankaras 3989: 3949:Brahmacharya 3945:Parshvanatha 3934: 3931: 3921: 3918:murtipujakas 3917: 3915: 3911:murtipujakas 3910: 3894:Sthānakavāsī 3886:Sthānakavāsī 3883: 3877: 3875: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3793:Siddha Vad — 3792: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3757:Siddhshila — 3756: 3742: 3728:tirthankaras 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3683: 3680:Chillan Muni 3679: 3675: 3665: 3622: 3620: 3616:6-Gau Yaatra 3615: 3599: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3540:tirthankaras 3534: 3529: 3525: 3524:. The word ' 3519: 3509: 3507: 3503:Maun Ekādaśī 3502: 3491:Kevala Jñāna 3489: 3485: 3482:Avadhi Jñāna 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466:tirthankaras 3446: 3442:tirthankaras 3441: 3434: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3349:Siddhachakra 3347: 3342: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3314: 3308: 3304:Samyak Jñāna 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3219:pratikramana 3217: 3213: 3200: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3163: 3159: 3156:Khamāsamaṉas 3155: 3151: 3147: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3062:tirthankaras 3061: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3022:Caityavandan 3021: 3018:Caityavandan 3017: 3011: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2931: 2925: 2922:Aṅga Rachanā 2921: 2917:tirthankaras 2916: 2911: 2908:Yakṣakardama 2907: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2888:tirthankaras 2887: 2884: 2879:Caityavandan 2878: 2874: 2867:pratyākhyāna 2866: 2861: 2850:pratyākhyāna 2849: 2842:pratyākhyāna 2841: 2836: 2831: 2828:Pratyākhyāna 2827: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2783: 2777: 2772:Pratikramana 2770: 2764: 2754:tirthankaras 2753: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2728:tirthankaras 2727: 2722: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2671: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2624: 2619: 2610: 2604: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2460:Pratikramana 2450: 2445: 2436: 2432: 2411: 2405: 2400: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2348: 2338: 2328: 2325:Other Duties 2321:also exist. 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2247:Achal Gaccha 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2227:of the said 2224: 2219: 2211: 2210: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2177: 2156: 2149: 2134: 2132: 2111: 2096: 2092:ardhaphalaka 2090: 2079: 2077: 2071: 2058: 2053: 2047: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2023: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1928: 1919: 1910: 1907:Rajendrasuri 1896: 1887: 1878: 1867: 1848: 1837: 1827: 1809: 1800: 1789: 1778: 1765: 1751: 1747: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1673: 1667: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1630:Anekantavada 1625: 1619: 1614:Cūlikasūtras 1613: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1544:Mahā-niśītha 1543: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1435:Narakāvalikā 1434: 1430: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1371:Rāyapaseṇiya 1370: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1320: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1211:Sūtrakṛtāṅga 1210: 1204: 1198: 1197:; Sanskrit: 1195:Jain Prakrit 1188: 1183: 1161: 1140: 1130: 1124: 1117: 1113: 1093: 1072: 1024: 1022: 1013: 1009: 1003: 997: 993: 988: 979: 977: 973:Tirthankaras 968: 965:murtipujakas 964: 962: 957: 938:Parshvanatha 930:Parshvanatha 922: 918: 903: 895: 891: 890:has its own 887: 882: 877: 875: 867:Sthulabhadra 854: 842: 835: 831: 822: 808: 777: 772: 760: 748: 744: 740: 736: 688: 686: 619:Jain symbols 503: 496: 489: 482: 475: 468: 461: 454: 447: 440: 418: 358: 319:Jai Jinendra 292:Jain prayers 266: 232: 180:Kevala Jnana 150:Anekantavada 78:Parshvanatha 58: 46: 26: 7745:Rashtrakuta 7662:Jainism and 7561:Maharashtra 7519:Bundelkhand 7406:Paul Dundas 7279:Kalpa Sūtra 7274:Aptamimamsa 7159:Monasticism 7090:Murtipujaka 7072:Kanji Panth 7052:Taran Panth 7035:Mula Sangha 6889:Siddhashila 6822:Tirthankara 6336:Dundas 2002 6312:Dundas 2002 6300:Harvey 2016 6273:Flügel 2006 6249:Dalal 2010a 6160:Dundas 2002 6084:Dundas 2002 6045:Shashi 1996 6021:Dundas 2002 5994:Dundas 2002 5745:Tattva Gyan 5701:|last= 5575:www.yja.org 5433:|last= 5358:www.yja.org 5233:Jainworld. 4894:|last= 4165:Jainworld. 4097:Dundas 2002 4085:Dundas 2002 3998:iconography 3937:tirthankara 3922:murtipujaka 3902:Sthanakvasi 3851:Sthanakvasi 3797:Banyan tree 3751:Shantinatha 3739:tirthankara 3735:Neminatha's 3732:tirthankara 3724:Shantinatha 3721:Tirthankara 3714:Tirthankara 3652:Jain sangha 3640:Mahabharata 3548:tirthankara 3544:half cycles 3206:Kalpa Sūtra 3097:18 Abhiṣeka 3071:Snātra Pūjā 3035:kayotsargas 3013:tirthankara 2999:tirthankara 2946:(incense), 2854:tirthankara 2802:shukladhyan 2620:Śikṣāvratas 2438:prāyaścitta 2390:Manatunga's 2384:Anandghan's 2355:Yashovijaya 2335:Hemachandra 2282:Tapa Gaccha 2260:Tapa Gaccha 2170:at length. 2151:chaturmasya 2136:chaturmasya 2030:Tirthankara 2015:Monasticism 1984:Jain Sangha 1957:Hemachandra 1948:Hemachandra 1939:Hemachandra 1925:Hemachandra 1916:Hemachandra 1893:Hemachandra 1834:Hemachandra 1824:Hemachandra 1797:Yashovijaya 1775:Hemachandra 1734:Vīra-tthava 1648:Catuḥśaraṇa 1646:(Sanskrit: 1620:Nandī-sūtra 1561:(Sanskrit: 1540:Mahā-nisīha 1508:Bṛhat Kalpa 1498:Kalpa-sūtra 1492:(Sanskrit: 1490:Āyāra-dasāo 1484:Chedasūtras 1475:Vṛṣṇi-daśāh 1471:Vaṇhi-dasāo 1359:(Sanskrit: 1339:Driśtivāda, 1327:Vipākaśruta 1322:Vivāga-suya 1235:Samavāyāṅga 1230:Samavāyaṃga 1145:Kalpa Sūtra 1045:Yashovijaya 1033:Hemachandra 1025:murtipujaka 1018:Tapa Gaccha 999:Tapa Gaccha 980:murtipujaka 927:Tirthankara 912:Tirthankara 908:Kalpa Sūtra 878:murtipujaka 863:Kalpa Sūtra 859:Kalpa Sūtra 848:Tirthankara 825:written by 789:Maharashtra 741:Shvetambara 737:Shwetambara 629:Topics list 554:Pilgrimages 505:Valayapathi 404:Major sects 391:Yashovijaya 195:Brahmacarya 7988:Śvetāmbara 7982:Categories 7924:Literature 7813:Samvatsari 7578:Tamil Nadu 7503:Jainism in 7322:Nandavarta 7269:Samayasāra 7221:Literature 7189:Kshamavani 7184:Paryushana 7147:Meditation 7142:Sallekhana 7082:Śvetāmbara 7003:Ratnatraya 6923:Gunasthana 6842:Philosophy 6764:Svetambara 6375:(2010a) , 6261:Cort 2001a 6096:Jaini 2000 5974:jainqq.org 5948:jainqq.org 5900:jainqq.org 5874:jainqq.org 5772:jainqq.org 5723:Retrieved 5626:jainqq.org 5310:Retrieved 5096:jainqq.org 5043:jainqq.org 4698:jainqq.org 4672:jainqq.org 4643:jainqq.org 4612:jainqq.org 4583:jainqq.org 4557:jainqq.org 4362:Wiley 2009 4109:Wiley 2009 4067:References 4048:Māllīnātha 4022:Tapa Gacch 3855:Terapanthi 3747:Ajitanatha 3717:Ajitanatha 3699:kayotsarga 3693:kayotsarga 3660:liberation 3596:liberation 3530:kalyāṇakas 3478:Śrut Jñāna 3474:Mati Jñāna 3372:Navpad Oli 3316:Samyak Tap 3234:Paryuṣaṇa. 3214:samvatsari 3187:Bhadrapada 3164:Guruvandan 3160:Guruvandan 3146:prayers - 3139:vyākhyānas 3108:Guruvandan 3081:Mount Meru 3056:Bhāva Pūjā 3052:Bhāva Pūjā 2986:Bhāva Pūjā 2972:Kusum Pūjā 2968:Kesar Pūjā 2832:Āvaśyakas, 2821:kayotsarga 2810:. Usually 2807:kayotsarga 2791:Kāyotsarga 2734:ratnatraya 2588:Guṇavratas 2362:Jinabhadra 2345:Haribhadra 2340:Yogaśāstra 2319:upapanyaas 2241:. Each of 2044:Initiation 1909:'s 7-part 1884:Siddhasena 1875:Siddhasena 1806:Jinabhadra 1786:Haribhadra 1780:Yogaśāstra 1738:Vīra-stava 1718:Gaṇi-vidyā 1714:Gaṇi-vijjā 1678:Saṃstāraka 1674:Saṃthāraga 1644:Cau-saraṇa 1553:Mūlasūtras 1534:Jīta-kalpa 1530:Jīya-kappa 1504:Bihā Kappa 1494:Ācāradaśāh 1395:Prajñāpanā 1174:, and the 1053:Siddhasena 1037:Hiravijaya 1016:Of these, 904:pattavalis 892:pattavali. 871:Bhadrabāhu 855:pattavalis 827:Jinabhadra 803:See also: 761:Śvetāmbara 749:Swetambara 745:Svetambara 689:Śvetāmbara 541:Samvatsari 536:Paryushana 419:Śvetāmbara 386:Haribhadra 376:Siddhasena 371:Kundakunda 279:Sallekhana 205:Gunasthana 200:Aparigraha 142:Philosophy 18:Svetambara 7842:Sculpture 7778:Ekendriya 7639:Singapore 7624:Hong Kong 7604:Australia 7573:Rajasthan 7544:Karnataka 7456:Community 7441:Bal Patil 7396:Chandabai 7365:Pattavali 7317:Shrivatsa 7302:Jain flag 7179:Festivals 7135:Practices 7123:Terapanth 7110:Tristutik 7100:Kharatara 7062:Terapanth 7057:Bispanthi 7027:Digambara 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