Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)

627:

44,000 ft (13,000 m) for the HF Mk VIII). The two main tanks were given an extra 11 gal for a total of 96 gal which, along with the wing tanks, allowed the fighter to fly for a maximum distance of 660 mi (1,060 km) with a full internal fuel load and 1,180 miles (1,900 km) with a full internal load and a 90 gal drop tank. Provision was made to allow the Mk VIII to carry a single "slipper" drop tank of 30, 90 or 170 gal capacity. With a 170 gal tank, the aeroplane could fly over 1,500 mi (2,400 km). When carrying the 90 or 175 gal tank the aircraft was restricted, once airborne and at cruising altitude, to straight and level flight. A maximum external bomb load of 1,000 pounds (1 × 500 lb (230 kg) bomb attached to the centre bomb-rack plus a 250 lb (110 kg) bomb under each wing) could be carried.

611: 925: 1073:. The "2" was added as a prefix in order to avoid confusion with the engines, as they required different tooling. All Mk XVI aircraft produced were of the Low-Altitude Fighter (LF) variety. This was not determined by the length of the wings (clipped wings were fitted to most LF Spitfires), but by the engine, which had been optimised for low-altitude operation. Almost all production Mk XVIs had clipped wings for low altitude work and were fitted with the rear fuselage fuel tanks with a combined capacity of 75 gal. Many XVIs featured cut-down rear fuselages with bubble canopies. On these aircraft the rear fuselage tank capacity was limited to 66 gal. 982:

canopy, and retained the fighter style windscreen with the bullet-proof glass panel. The long thin air intake to the cockpit pressurisation system was fitted under the exhaust stacks on the starboard cowling. The performance was similar to that of the PR XI although the pressurised cockpit meant that this version could stay at altitudes of over 40,000 ft for longer without the exhausting physiological effects experienced by the pilots of unpressurised cockpits. Sixteen Mk Xs were built during April and May 1944, with the first mission being flown on 11 May. All saw limited service in

454:

P & L (Spitfire IX, XI and XVI Pilot's Notes) the red painted undercarriage indicator rods, which projected through the tops of the wings when the undercarriage was down, were used only on early production Mk IXs. When fitted these rods supplemented an "Electric visual indicator" mounted on the instrument panel. The indicator rods seemed to be fitted on all Mk VIIs and VIIIs, supplementing the electric visual indicator. A light for the retractable tailwheel was mounted on the instrument panel, just below the main visual indicator.

998:

majority of the Mk XIs built had the later large-area pointed rudder. 260 Mk XIs were powered by Merlin 61, 63 or 63A engines, while the remaining 211 used the high-altitude Merlin 70. All of the Merlin 70 and 198 of the Merlin 60 series aircraft were fitted with the Vokes Aero-Vee dust filter in the extended, streamlined carburettor air intake under the nose. All Merlin 60 powered aircraft featured the fuel cooler in the port leading edge wing root. The radio installation was either the VHF TR.1133 or TR.1143 fitted with the "

1058: 821:. To further increase the combat radius some late production Mk IXs were fitted with additional internal self-sealing fuel tanks in the rear fuselage: the upper tank carried 41 gal and the lower 34 gal. When both were full this enabled a ferry range of over 1,200 miles (1,900 km), although they made the aircraft unstable in flight and only straight flight and gentle manoeuvres at low altitudes were recommended by the pilot's manual. The pilot was also warned to avoid instrument flying whenever possible. 42: 1089: 492: 949:(IAC) Seafire fleet. The Spitfires provided transition training that included gunnery practice since the type was equipped with two .303 Browning machine guns, one in each outer wing bay. Most of the TR 9 aircraft passed to the ground technical training school at Baldonnel where they were used as instructional airframes for the training of aircraft engineers for the Air Corps. Four of the IAC aircraft survived and two went on to join the warbird fleet in the 1970s and later. 962: 186: 712:

powerful engine and, as a result, many of the early Mk IXs were converted Mk Vcs which did not have any of the refinements which later appeared. These could be identified by the Type C wing with the large double blisters over the inner cannon bays and the identification light on the fuselage spine, behind the aerial mast. The elevator horns were also smaller in size than that of most Mk IXs which had larger horn balances. The first Mk IX was a modified Mk Vc

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different. Other changes to the airframe are noted above. The Mk VII used a Marshall manufactured compressor for pressurising the cockpit; this was mounted on the right of the engine and drew its air through a long intake under the starboard exhaust stubs. An automatic valve allowed a maximum pressure differential of +2 lb./sq.in. This was built up during the climb and was maintained at heights of 28,000 ft and above.

529: 425:, several important modifications were made to the basic airframe and applied to all aircraft powered by these engines. The longer Merlin 61 meant the nose forward of the engine/fuel tank bulkhead was 7 inches (17.8 cm) longer. An intercooler was mounted behind the engine, on the supercharger casing. A small rectangular air scoop for a "Heywood" air compressor was fitted on the starboard upper engine cowling. 261:

forward, making the Spitfire more stable on the ground and reducing the likelihood of the aircraft tipping onto its nose. During production of the Mk VIII and Mk IX a new undercarriage leg was introduced which had external v-shaped "scissor-links" fitted to the front of the leg; this also led to small changes in the shape of the undercarriage bay and leg fairings. Because the Spitfire was no longer to be used as a

734: 832:, trialled on a Spitfire Mk VIII, was incorporated into very late production Mk IXs. With the cut down fuselage the lower forward fuselage tank capacity was increased to 47 gallons, while the rear fuel tanks were decreased to a capacity of 66 gallons. These were the rarest of the Mk IXs and many of them featured the "clipped" wings. The great majority of these saw postwar service with the 666: 275:

outboard of the gun-bays. The first series of Spitfire Mk IXs retained the bay doors first used on Spitfire VCs; these incorporated large blisters to clear the feed motors of two Hispano cannons. All later Spitfires had smaller, more streamlined blisters. To provide room for the belt feed system of the cannon, the inner machine gun bays were moved outboard to between ribs 13 and 14.

994:

other configurations could be fitted, depending on the mission; the X Type installation, for example had two vertically mounted F24s with 14-inch lens and an oblique F24 with an 8-inch lens mounted above and facing to port. PR Mk XIs used for tactical reconnaissance had an additional, vertically oriented camera in a fairing under each wing.

1255:. The 324 and 325 were intended to carry an armament of 12 .303 calibre Brownings in groups of six in each outer wing, while the 327 had the armament changed to six 20 mm Hispanos mounted in the wing roots. The 324 and 327 had conventional tractor engines, while the 325 had a pusher engine. Two designs from Hawker which led to the 525:"-type hood which opened by sliding backwards, as on non-pressurised versions of the Spitfire. This was a big improvement on the clampdown cockpit of the Mk VI. The canopy was double-glazed and used rubber tubing to create a proper pressure seal against the fuselage. The canopy rails were bulkier than the standard Spitfire type. 638:. This was intended to aid pilot visibility; many Spitfire pilots who were shot down were done so by enemies who approached in the aircraft's blind spot. In trials, the new hood design was found to bring about great improvements to all-round visibility and with several modifications, was standardised on later Spitfires. 1080:

wing. Some production aircraft had rear fuselage fuel tanks in addition to the main tank which allowed it to fly approximately as far as the Spitfire Mk VIII. Problems with the licence-built engines limited introduction to front-line squadrons for several months. A total of 1,054 Mk XVIs were built by Castle Bromwich.

1164:. Specifications for the Vb based floatplane included a maximum speed of 324 mph (521 km/h) at 19,500 ft (521 km/h at 5,943 m), a maximum rate of climb of 2,450 ft/min at 15,500 ft (12.45 m/s at 4,724 m) and an estimated service ceiling of 33,400 ft (10,180 m). 1131:

Other changes included external lifting points forward of and behind the cockpit and a spin-recovery parachute with a rudder balance-horn guard. The Spitfire floatplane was first flown on 12 October 1942 by Jeffrey Quill. Soon afterwards the Vokes filter was replaced by an Aero-Vee filter, similar to

1079:

Armament for most Mk XVIs consisted of 2 × 20 mm Hispano II cannon – each with 120 rpg – and 2 × .50 calibre Browning machine guns – each with 250 rpg. 1 × 500 lb (227 kg) bomb could be carried underneath the centre rack, and 1 × 250 lb (114 kg) bomb could be slung under each

969:

When development started on new Merlin 60 powered Spitfires, both the Mk VII and VIII were to have photo-reconnaissance (PR) variants. On 21 April 1942, an order was placed for 70 aircraft, provisionally designated PR Mk VIII. Based on the revised MK VIII airframe these aircraft were to be powered by

915:

based in the Mediterranean. Some Spitfires in the MJ- and MK- serial ranges, sent for repair to the Forward Repair Unit (FRU), were also converted by the FRU to a different style of FR Mk IXc with streamlined blisters on both sides of the fuselage. These were used exclusively by No. 414 Squadron RCAF

768:

The Merlin 61 was phased out early in 1943 in favour of the Merlin 63 and 63A. The new engine had increased power resulting from engine improvements and engine limitations of +18 lbf/(sq in) and 3,000 rpm (5 minute combat). During the second half of 1943, production of the Merlin 63 powered F Mk

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wing. While Spitfire IXs converted from Mk Vcs had the large teardrop fairings on the upper surfaces, on the majority of Mk VIIs, VIIIs, IXs and XVIs the teardrop shaped blisters covering the Hispano feed motors were reduced in size and more streamlined than those on the Mk Vc. According to A.P 1565J

1522:

In addition to the visual undercarriage aids, early Mk IXs and all Mk VIIs and VIIIs had an undercarriage warning horn which sounded if the undercarriage was still retracted with the engine throttled back. This horn was a legacy from pre-war operations when several Spitfires were accidentally landed

1289:

were adaptations of Mk Vc (early Mk XII) or Mark VIII (late Mk XII and Mk XIV) airframes. The later Griffon-engined Spitfire variants embodied new wings, tail units and undercarriages and were very different from any of the earlier Spitfire marks. Griffon-engined variants are described in a separate

1013:

Spitfire PR Mk XIs were capable of a top speed of 417 mph (671 km/h) at 24,000 ft (7,300 m) and could cruise at 395 mph (636 km/h) at 32,000 ft (9,800 m). Normally Spitfire XIs cruised between these altitudes although, in an emergency, the aircraft could climb

789:

Squadrons. This type was by far the most produced of the Spitfire Mk IX variants, with over 4,000 built. The maximum power of the Merlin 66 was 1,720 hp (1,280 kW) at 5,750 ft (1,283 kW at 1,752 m) and the maximum speed of the Spitfire LF Mk IX was 404 mph (650 km/h) at

594:

Some early production models had extended wingtips but the majority were fitted with the standard version. According to Supermarine's Chief Test pilot Jeffrey Quill "When I am asked which mark of Spitfire I consider the best from the flying point of view, I usually reply 'The Mark VIII with standard

457:

Because the intercooler required a radiator, the radiator under the starboard wing was halved in size and the intercooler radiator housed alongside. Under the port wing a new radiator fairing housed a square oil cooler alongside the other half-radiator unit. When the engine was running at low speed,

278:

Several versions of the Spitfire, starting with the HF Mk VIIs had extra 13 gallon integral fuel tanks added to the wing leading edges between the wing-root and the inboard cannon bay. Although many earlier Spitfires had been modified to carry bomb racks capable of carrying 250 lb (110 kg)

260:

The undercarriage mountings were redesigned and the undercarriage doors were bowed in cross-section allowing the legs to sit lower in the wells, eliminating the upper-wing blisters over the wheel wells and landing gear pivot points. Stronger undercarriage legs were raked 2 inches (5.08 cm)

1242:

Supermarine 312: To F.37/35 for a cannon armed fighter. This was the basic Spitfire Mk I adapted to take four 20 mm Oerlikon cannon mounted in modified wings. The radiator and oil cooler were moved from under the wing to a duct under the fuselage. This was R J Mitchell's last design before his

1033:

pointed out that the Spitfire was smaller than the Mosquito, used half the number of Merlin engines and was faster, more manoeuvrable and quieter and, therefore production should be increased, not reduced. As a result, the Air Staff decided that PR Mk XI production should be accelerated at the cost

997:

Physically the Mk XIs had a deeper nose fairing to accommodate a larger 14.5 gal oil tank and used the unarmoured, wrap-around PRU windscreen. Booster pumps for the wing tanks were fitted and covered by teardrop shaped fairings under the wings. Retractable tailwheels were fitted as standard and the

981:

A policy change resulted in the pressurised PR variant of the Mk VII being renamed PR Mk X (type 387). This version followed the PR Mk XI into production and was based on the Mk VII airframe with PR Mk XI wings and camera installation. It had the pressurised Mk VII cockpit, with the Lobelle sliding

879:

facility. As well as incorporating camera equipment, a wrap-around PR type windscreen was fitted and a larger oil tank was installed under the nose. All armament was removed and a PRU Blue finish applied. These aircraft lacked the "wet wing" tanks, meaning that the PR Mk IX relied on drop tanks for

793:

The HF Mk IX was powered by the specialised high altitude Merlin 70 and entered service in the spring of 1944. Serial listings show that the HF Mk IX was produced in relatively limited numbers when they were required, with priority being given to versions rated for low and medium altitudes Maximum

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in the fuel lines resulting from fuel evaporating if the aircraft was parked in direct sunlight. As a result of this the gun-camera was moved from the port wingroot to the starboard wingroot and a fuel cooler, fed by a small round air-intake was fitted in its place. This fuel cooler was also fitted

724:

The performance of the Spitfire IX is outstandingly better than the Spitfire V especially at heights above 20,000 feet. On the level the Spitfire is considerably faster and climb is exceptionally good. It will climb easily to 38,000 feet and when levelled off there can be made to climb in stages to

540:

In total, 140 Mk VIIs were built by Supermarine. Most of them were powered by the Merlin 64 (F. Mk. VII) or Merlin 71 (H.F Mk. VII), the latter fitted with a Bendix-Stromberg "anti-g" carburettor. The HF Mk had superb high-altitude performance, with a service ceiling of 45,100 feet (13,700 m);

482:

AH10019 "four spoke" pattern, replacing the "five spoke" pattern used since the first Mk Is. This revised undercarriage was also fitted on some mid to late Mk IXs and all Mk XVIs. A retractable tailwheel (Dunlop 2184) was fitted, covered by small doors when in flight. This also applied to the PR Mk

477:

The main undercarriage legs, for the first time in the Spitfire's life, were fitted with forward-facing torque links. In addition, the leg doors were slightly concave, allowing the undercarriage to sit lower in the wheel wells when retracted: this meant the upper wing skinning was free of the small

461:

Other structural changes included flush riveting for the fuselage, introduced in mid-1943. A streamlined round rear-view mirror, with a bullet-shaped fairing replaced the rectangular version. On new production Mk IXs the small, teardrop shaped identification light behind the radio mast was removed.

300:

Structurally identical to the C wing. The outer machine gun ports were eliminated; although the outer machine-gun bays were retained, their access doors were devoid of empty cartridge case ports and cartridge deflectors. The new wing allowed for a four cannon armament and the inner bays could carry

291:

These were made for photo-reconnaissance Spitfires, including the PR Mk X and XI; no armament was fitted and the D-shaped leading edges of the wings, ahead of the main spar, were converted into integral fuel tanks, each carrying 66 gallons. To avoid the expansion of fuel in hot weather damaging the

1127:

was fitted with a pair of floats 25 ft 7 in (7.8 m) long, mounted on cantilever legs. This aircraft was powered by a Merlin 45 driving a four-bladed propeller of 11 ft 3 in (3.43 m) diameter (3.4 m). A Vokes filter was fitted to the carburettor air intake and under the tail an

993:

The Mk XI (type 365 standard, type 370 tropicalised) was based on a combination of features from the marks VII, VIII and IX. The Mk XI was the first PR variant to have the option of using two vertically mounted F52 cameras with 36-inch-focal-length lens in the fuselage behind the cockpit. Several

469:

All Mk VII and Mk VIII Spitfires had the following changes: The internal structure was strengthened and revised. On the wings the ailerons were reduced in span by 8.5 inches (220 mm) outboard of the outer hinges. There had been some instances of earlier models breaking up in the air in steep

436:

propeller was fitted, housed in a pointed spinner. The exhaust units were changed to six "fishtail" stacks per side. Under the nose, the three piece cowling was changed to a one piece layout. The oil tank was no longer a part of the cowling structure. Early Mk IXs had a teardrop shaped blister (a

428:

The carburettor air intake on early to mid-production Spitfire IXs was a different shape from those of single-stage engined aircraft; they were shorter and had a wider air inlet. From 1943, an "Aero-Vee" tropical filter in a long, streamlined fairing was introduced for the carburettor air intake.

1250:

Supermarine 324, 325 and 327: These designs were for twin-engined fighters to F.18/37 (which was for the successor to the Spitfire and Hurricane) which used the same construction techniques and elliptical wing as the Spitfire. All three used tricycle undercarriage with the primary engine being a

1017:

At first, production of the PR Mk XI was delayed because development of the Mk VII and VIII series was delayed. As a result, it was decided to base the Merlin 60 powered PR aircraft on the MK IX airframe. Production was further threatened because of a dispute over RAF PR doctrine: in early 1943,

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was modified to take the new engine. Although design work on the Mk VII and VIII series was under way, these would take over a year to get into production and a counter to the Fw 190 was urgently needed. The Air Ministry made the decision that Mk Vc airframes should be converted to take the more

473:

The main fuselage fuel tanks were increased in capacity; 47 gal (213.7 L) for the upper tank and 49 gal (222.7 L) for the lower. In combination with the wing tanks this gave a total internal capacity of 122 gal (554.6 L), a near 50% increase over the 85 gal (386.4 L) carried by earlier Spitfire

812:

The capacity of the main fuel tanks was 48 gal for the upper tank and 37 gal for the lower, for a total internal capacity of 85 gal. Jettisonable "slipper tanks" of 30, 45 or 90 gal could be carried under the centre-section. As an alternative a cylindrical 50 gal drop tank, adapted from those

626:

The F Mk VIII's top speed was 408 mph (657 km/h) at 25,000 ft (404 mph for the LF Mk VIII at 21,000 ft (6,400 m) and 416 mph (669 km/h) for the HF Mk VIII at 26,500 ft), with a service ceiling of 43,000 ft (41,500 ft for the LF Mk VIII and

274:

system). The fairings over the Hispano barrels were shorter and there was usually a short rubber stub covering the outer cannon port. New upper wing gun-bay doors incorporated "teardrop" shaped blisters to clear the cannon feed motors and the lower wings no longer had the gun-bay heating vents

510:

Like the Mk VI, the Mk VII was a high altitude pressurised variant, this time powered by the Merlin 64 (F. Mk. VII) or 71 (H.F. Mk. VII) series engine with two-stage, two-speed superchargers. The cockpit was pressurised in a similar way to that of the Mk VI, although the details were slightly

932:

Although there were wartime conversions of the Spitfire into a two-seat trainer including the one-off modification of a Mk Vc by RAF no. 261 Squadron and a Mk IX converted for use as a trainer by the Soviets, the two-seat Spitfire trainer was primarily a postwar programme. In 1946, a Mk VIII

465:

While early Mk IXs converted from Mk Vcs had the original (smaller) elevator horn mass-balances, most had the enlarged version with the straightened leading edge. A new rudder of greater area, which could be identified by a "pointed" tip, was fitted to many Mk VIIs, Mk VIIIs, and mid to late

341:

and in turning engagements, wing flexing meant that the rounds were even more widely scattered). The 20 mm Hispano cannon were moved outboard and the .50 calibre Browning M2/AN, with 250 rpg were added to the inner gun-bays. The first trial installation (modification 1029) was made in

336:

The .303 machine guns mounted in the outer wings were no longer fitted, because rifle calibre bullets were ineffective against heavily armoured aircraft. (These outer guns had always been the less effective part of a Spitfire's armament: their distance from the centreline made them hard to

764:

Production of the Mk IX finished at Supermarine in June 1943, with production continuing exclusively at the Castle Bromwich factory. Several major and large numbers of minor improvements were progressively introduced to Mk IXs, some of which were used on other Spitfire variants.

1119:, using a 1/7 scale model, it was found that the concept was basically sound, although the vertical tail surfaces would need to be enlarged to counterbalance the side area of the floats. The end of the Battle of Norway and the need for as many Spitfires as possible meant that 824:

Late production Mk IXs, in common with Mk XVIs introduced a new upper engine cowling which incorporated a distinct bulged top surface; this design was adopted for the Mk XVI to allow for the modified intercooler of the Packard Merlin 266, which had an integral header tank.

725:

above 40,000 feet by building up speed on the level and a slight zoom. Its manoeuvrability is as good as a Spitfire V up to 30,000 feet and above is very much better. At 38,000 feet it is capable of a true speed of 368mph and is still able to manoeuvre well for fighting.

590:

it was decided to use the shadow factory at Castle Bromwich to produce that version only; the Mk VIII Spitfires were all built by Supermarine. Apart from the lack of pressurisation, the Mk VIII differed little from the Mk VII beyond the reshaped fin and pointed rudder.

1302:

in September 1940, all Supermarine manufactured Spitfires were built in a number of "Shadow Factories"; by the end of the war there were ten main factories and several smaller workshops which built many of the components. A more detailed explanation can be found in

1555:

Some of very early Mk IXs were converted by Rolls-Royce at Hucknall with engine cowlings from Mk Vcs extended with a new section welded onto the rear and extemporised blisters added, covering the intercooler which was mounted on the supercharger of the Merlin

794:

power of the Merlin 70 was 1,710 hp (1,280 kW) at 11,000 ft (1,275 kW at 3,353 m): maximum speed of the Spitfire HF Mk IX was 405 mph (652 km/h) at 25,400 feet (7,700 m) at an all-up weight of 7,320 lb (3,320 kg).

1243:

death in 1937. A separate twin engined design to the same specification was also offered. The Ministry rejected the 312 as Supermarine's design office was already too fully engaged on the Spitfire design to work on the alternative wing. The twin-engined

249:

Also known as the "universal wing" the new design was standard on the majority of Spitfires built from mid 1942. The design of the wing was altered to reduce labour and manufacturing time and carry various armaments: A type, B type, or four 20 mm

223:

In a second stream of development Supermarine was working on an improved, reinforced, Spitfire airframe which incorporated several new features and was designed for the Merlin 60 and 70 series engines. This new airframe later formed the basis for the

1175:

The Spitfire IX on floats was faster than the standard Hurricane. Its handling on the water was extremely good and its only unusual feature was a tendency to "tramp" from side to side on the floats, or to "waddle" a bit when at high speed in the

952:

In total, 5,656 Mk IXs were built, 561 by Supermarine and 5,095 by Castle Bromwich. Production of the Mk IX ended in April 1945 and, in combination with the Mk XVI this "compromise" was produced in larger numbers than any other Spitfire variant.

607:, and being replaced by standard wingtips. There were three sub-variants for low altitude (LF Mk VIII), medium altitude (F Mk VIII) and high altitude (HF Mk VIII) which were powered respectively by the Merlin 66, Merlin 63 and Merlin 70 engines. 1037:

The first Mk XIs were built in November 1942: from April 1944 production ran concurrently with the PR Mk XIX before ending in December 1944, when they were phased out in favour of the Mk XIX. In total 471 Mk XI were built by Supermarine.

1239:.) Other modifications included a cooling system mounted in a chin radiator housing. There was no forward firing armament and dive brakes were added to the wings. Projected speed 315 mph (507 km/h) at 15,000 ft (4,572 m). 680:, November 1942. A Spitfire Mk IX converted from a Mk Vc airframe. A teardrop shaped blister for a Coffman cartridge starter can be seen just behind the propeller. This aircraft carries a 30-gallon "slipper" drop tank under the fuselage. 228:

powered Spitfires. This article presents a history of the Spitfire powered by two-stage engine variants and also describes some of the "drawing board" projects and experimental Spitfires. The Griffon powered variants are described in a

384:

the Mks VII and VIII. Some Spitfires of one mark or variant may have been modified to another; several of the first Mk Vbs were converted from Mk Ibs; the first Mk IXs were Mk Vcs converted, in some instances, by Rolls-Royce at their

1235:). The basic F.37/34 (as Spitfire was still then known) wing and undercarriage were mated to a modified fuselage which provided room for a gunner and a remote control four-gun turret (originally armed with .303 Brownings, later with 441:

on the lower starboard side cowling, just behind the propeller. This was replaced by an improved electric starter on most two-stage Merlin powered Spitfires and, from late 1942 the blister like bulge was seen on only a few aircraft.

404:

for mark numbers but older aircraft retained Roman numerals. From 1948, Arabic numerals were used exclusively. This article adopts the convention of using Roman numerals for the Mks I–XVI and Arabic numerals for the Mks 17–24.

729:

Although the Mk IX's airframe did not have the aerodynamic and strength improvements, or the modified control surfaces of the Mk VII and VIII, the Mk IX still proved to be an effective counter to the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.

350:

and the E suffix was not officially introduced until early 1945. This armament was standard for all Spitfire Mk IXs and XVIs used by the 2nd Tactical Air Force as fighters and fighter-bombers from shortly after

585:

The Mk VIII was an adaptation of the Mk VII without the pressurised cabin and was intended to become the main production model of the Spitfire. When the "interim" Mk IX proved to be adequate against the German

1307:. The main Castle Bromwich factory was also aided by a smaller number of the shadow factories. As the first of the Mk IXs were converted from Mk Vcs the first true production Mk IX is listed by serial Number. 358:

Many Spitfires had their elliptically "pointed" wing tips replaced by shorter, squared off fairings. This slightly improved maximum speed at low altitude and enhanced the roll rate. While many "LF" Spitfires

1009:

Additional slipper drop tanks could be fitted under the centre-section; in common with the Mk IX these could be 30, 45 or 90 gal capacity and, for the Mk XI, a tank of 170 gal capacity was also available.

1532:

After a series of accidents to Mk Vs in 1942 the A&AEE concluded that the break ups were due to longitudinal-instability, resulting from incorrect loading of the aircraft on the squadrons causing the

809:. This gunsight calculated the correct angle of deflection to use when leading the target. Its introduction doubled the effectiveness of RAF gunnery and was a major factor in Allied air superiority. 777:

Production of the LF Mk IXs, frequently referred to as the Spitfire Mk IXb, initially ran in parallel with the Merlin 63 powered Marks. This version first became operational in March 1943 with the

965:

Spitfire PR Mk XI in 2008. The PR variant can be recognised by the larger-capacity deeper oil tank under the nose made necessary by the greater duration of the long-range reconnaissance flights.

2916: 1456: 1148:

Islands, disrupting supply lines to German outposts in the area which relied on resupply by transport aircraft. This scheme came to naught when a large number of German troops, backed by the

895:

FR IXs were standard, armed Mk IXs modified with a single, port-facing, oblique camera. These aircraft were used for low altitude "Dicing" missions in tactical support of army operations.

2762: 688:

over the Spitfire Mk Vb, there was much pressure to get Spitfires into production using the new two-stage supercharged Merlin 61 engine. In September 1941 the Spitfire Mk III prototype

518:

wings, increasing the wingspan to 40 ft 2 in (12.2 m). Because the threat from high altitude bombers never materialised many Mk VIIs later reverted to the normal, rounded wingtip.

17: 2484:

Matusiak, Wojtek (September–October 2001). "Five to Nine: Evolving the Spitfire — A Detailed Examination of the Modifications (Mythical and Real) That Turned the Mk.V into the Mk.IX".

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one radiator section provided enough coolant; a thermostatic switch turned off the starboard radiator section until more power was called for and extra engine cooling was required.

346:

in November 1943; by mid-March 1944 the first service Spitfires to be modified were from 485 (NZ), 222 and 349 Squadrons. Spitfires with this armament were at first referred to as

363:

the LF.IX) had the "clipped" wings, a number did not. The true distinguishing feature of "LF" versions was the fitting of low-altitude versions of the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine.

1014:

to 44,000 ft (13,000 m) However, pilots could not withstand such altitudes for long in a non-pressurised cockpit without suffering from serious physiological effects.

1076:

Because of a slightly taller intercooler and rearranged accessories on the Packard Merlins a new, bulged upper cowling was introduced and also appeared on late production IXs.

757:

bombers. Two Spitfire Mk IXs converted from Vcs were stripped of armour, the .303 Brownings and other equipment and repainted in a lightweight PRU blue finish. One of them

1144:

and all three floatplanes were transported to Egypt, arriving in October 1943. At the time it was thought that the floatplanes could operate from concealed bases in the

1434: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 1065:

The Mk XVI was the same as the Mk IX in nearly all respects except for the engine, a Merlin 266. The Merlin 266 was the Merlin 66 and was built under licence in the

1505:

was connected to the propeller reduction gearbox and used large shotgun-like cartridges loaded into a chamber to "kick-start" the engine. It was first used on the

4202: 4187: 4182: 4157: 4152: 4122: 4087: 3927: 3882: 3720: 3400: 3360: 3315: 3295: 3275: 3260: 3220: 3215: 1022:. After further analysis the Air Staff agreed that Mosquitoes could perform 90% of PR missions so the Spitfire production for only 10% of PR units was mooted. 4375: 4102: 3820: 3785: 3330: 3305: 758: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 3600: 3525: 3515: 3510: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3335: 3265: 3255: 3250: 2896: 1446: 1429: 1047: 916:

to replace its TAC-R Mustangs. The same conversion was used on F Mk XIVe Spitfires to make FR Mk XIVe Spitfires used exclusively by No. 430 Squadron RCAF.

209: 1123:

was converted back to an ordinary fighter without being flown. With the entry of Japan into the war the concept was revived in early 1942. A Spitfire V

599:

the extended wingtips...They were of no practical value to the Mark VIII and simply reduced the aileron response and the rate of roll." New Zealand ace

3460: 790:

21,000 feet (6,400 m). The Merlin 66 introduced a new Bendix-Stromberg injection carburettor, which replaced the earlier S.U float carburettor.

220:; the combination of the improved Merlin and the Spitfire Mk Vc airframe in a "stop-gap" design allowed the RAF to combat the Fw 190 on equal terms. 990:

for high altitude reconnaissance. Experience with this version led to the development and production of the pressurised version of the PR Mk XIX.

3735: 3715: 3710: 3660: 3625: 3595: 3545: 3450: 2911: 1451: 1280: 230: 2695: 3109: 2807: 2759: 912: 393: 506:, the only surviving example of a Mk VII. Note the "pointed", extended wingtips and the cabin pressurisation air intake under the exhausts. 2266:

Pilot's Notes for Spitfire Mark F.VII – Merlin 64 or 71 engine; Mark F.VIII-Merlin 63,66 or 70 engine. Air Publication 1565G & H -P.N.

867:) were taken off the production line and modified to carry two vertical cameras in the rear fuselage. The first of these was delivered to 2775: 875:

on 30 November 1942. Subsequently, another 15 Mk IXs were converted to PR Mk IXs (factory designation type 374) at the Vickers-Armstrong

1132:

that on later Merlin 61 series aircraft, which was extended to prevent water entry, and full Mk Vb armament was installed. Two more Vbs

1575: 903:, used several FR Mk IXs (painted a pale, "Camoutint" Pink, which provided excellent camouflage under cloud cover) to photograph the 847:

rocket under each wing. This was believed to be the only RAF Spitfire unit to use rockets operationally during the Second World War.

2932: 2771: 2273:

Pilot's Notes (3rd edition) for Spitfire IX, XI & XVI; Merlin 61, 63, 66, 70 or 266 Engine. Air Publication 1565J, P & L -PN

521:

While early Mk VIIs were fitted with a detachable canopy, secured by four pilot-operated catches, later Mk VIIs were fitted with a "

4667: 2973: 1193: 642: 429:

This was fitted as standard to all Mk VIIs, VIIIs, PR Mk Xs and Mk XVIs, on mid to late production Mk IXs, and to most PR Mk XIs.

4662: 2983: 2734: 1713: 279:

bombs the first Spitfires to be specifically modified for the fighter-bomber role (known as Modification 1209) were those of the

2977: 2398:

Jackson, Robert. "Spitfire: The History of Britain's Most Famous World War II Fighter." London, UK: Parragon Publishing, 2005.

1506: 657:

with the RAF. After the Mk IX and Mk V, the Mk VIII was the third most numerous operational variant with 1,658 examples built.

474:

marks. In addition a 13 gal (64 L) fuel tank was fitted in each wing leading edge between the wingroot and the inner gun-bay.

2678: 2625: 2462: 2392: 2891: 3102: 2800: 2532: 2729: 2654: 2639: 2610: 2595: 2580: 2565: 2550: 2525: 2511: 2477: 2448: 2433: 2418: 2403: 2368: 2339: 2324: 2302: 2287: 1565:

HF Mk IXs were produced under the ML, NH, PL, PT, PV, TA, TB, TD and TE serial number prefixes; about 400 were built.

999: 1171:

was converted to a floatplane. This used the same components as the earlier Mk Vb conversions. Jeffrey Quill wrote:

4596: 4518: 3009: 2744: 103: 449:

wing was fitted as standard. Some mid and most late production Spifire Mk IXs and all Mk XVI were fitted with the

4672: 1546:

A prototype of the Mk VII, AB450, was converted from a Mk V and used a Merlin 61, otherwise the 64/71s were used.

673: 880:

extra range. The most famous PR Mk IX missions involved carrying out reconnaissance missions in preparation for

769:

IX was discontinued in favour of the Merlin 66 powered LF Mk IX. Early production Spitfire Mk IXs suffered from

610: 2968: 251: 4652: 3095: 2947: 2793: 888:

attacks on the Ruhr dams. A PR Mk IX photographed the dams the day before the operation and photographed the

717: 503: 318:

machine guns with 250 rpg in the inner bays and 2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon with 120 rpg in the outer bays

280: 1263:

were selected. The Type 327 was considered for a while as it offered cannon armament but the Whirlwind, the

924: 1244: 1160:. No other role could be found for the floatplane Spitfires, which languished in Egypt, operating from the 478:

bulge which had hitherto been necessary to clear the wheels. The wheels themselves were a new strengthened

1003: 2135: 4657: 4523: 4457: 4452: 3912: 3670: 3500: 3380: 3200: 3185: 3140: 2901: 2720: 745:

in late 1942. Note the large cannon blisters and ID lights behind the mast, denoting converted Mk Vcs.

3058: 2692: 2618:

2nd Tactical Air Force Volume four; Squadrons, Camouflage and Markings, Weapons and Tactics 1943–1945

1018:

because the new PR Spitfire was delayed, the Air Ministry proposed that all PR units be converted to

900: 818: 855:

Pending development of a dedicated Merlin 61 powered PR Spitfire (the Mk XI) at least three Mk IXs (

4299: 4219: 3050: 654: 2704: 1099:

With the German invasion of Norway in April 1940 the RAF took an interest in the concept of using

4482: 4294: 4214: 3230: 3225: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3150: 3145: 3135: 2952: 2015: 908: 833: 696:

at their Hucknall plant to take a Merlin 60, which had been specifically designed for use in the

650: 500: 315: 4304: 4289: 4209: 2779: 1502: 1046:

The PR Mk XIII was an improved PR Type G with a single-stage Merlin engine and is described in

438: 417:

With the development of the Merlin 61/63/66 and 70 series engines, with a two-stage, two-speed

87: 2387:. Flixton, Bungay, Suffolk, UK: Norfolk & Suffolk Aviation Museum, 2008 (Fourth Edition). 1103:

fighters in areas where airfields were not immediately available. To this end a Spitfire Mk I

292:

wing, pressure relief valves, with small external vent pipes, were fitted near the wing tips.

4528: 4508: 4487: 4472: 4467: 4437: 4330: 3780: 3760: 3310: 3285: 3245: 3210: 1061:

A late Spitfire Mk XVIe with the teardrop canopy. This is TD248, currently flying at Duxford.

1019: 4401: 4370: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4335: 4320: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4097: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4037: 4027: 4022: 4012: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3907: 3897: 3877: 3872: 3857: 3852: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3805: 3790: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3755: 3750: 3730: 3725: 3690: 3680: 3665: 3655: 3645: 3640: 3630: 3620: 3610: 3605: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3535: 3530: 3505: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3445: 3440: 3425: 3390: 3385: 3375: 3325: 3320: 3190: 3026: 2870: 2860: 2834: 2819: 1471: 1304: 1228: 1116: 987: 983: 885: 868: 786: 782: 738: 558: 550: 241:

The majority of the Spitfires from the Mk VIII on, used three basic wing types; C, D and E

201: 173: 80: 8: 4533: 4513: 4447: 4422: 4406: 4345: 4340: 3795: 3745: 3740: 3705: 3695: 3685: 3675: 3650: 3555: 3550: 3465: 3455: 3370: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3074: 2875: 2865: 1476: 1466: 1286: 1264: 1108: 904: 896: 840: 801:

The cockpit of a Spitfire Mk IX showing the instrument panel and the Mk II Gyro gunsight.

693: 225: 177: 169: 4617: 4492: 4462: 4442: 3867: 3800: 3395: 3365: 3340: 3300: 3240: 3004: 881: 697: 542: 355:. It proved more effective for both air-to-air engagements and air-to-ground attacks. 213: 1710: 1167:

In the spring of 1944, with the prospect of use in the Pacific Theatre, a Spitfire IX

978:. The Spitfires bearing these serials were eventually built as Merlin 66 LF Mk VIIIs. 4477: 4432: 4427: 4365: 4032: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3952: 3932: 3922: 3917: 3902: 3862: 3847: 3815: 3280: 3235: 3205: 3195: 3180: 3042: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2635: 2621: 2606: 2591: 2576: 2561: 2546: 2521: 2507: 2491: 2473: 2458: 2444: 2429: 2414: 2399: 2388: 2364: 2335: 2320: 2298: 2283: 1534: 1161: 685: 587: 338: 302: 205: 4563: 4538: 4385: 4325: 4282: 4244: 4042: 3160: 2844: 2739: 1461: 1141: 1023: 646: 400:

for mark numbers. In the period 1943–1948 new aircraft entering service were given

76: 55: 2312:

Volume 2, Issue 3, March 1996. Bedford, UK: SAM Publications, DMZee Marketing Ltd.

4380: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4017: 3972: 3892: 3887: 3270: 3155: 3066: 2937: 2839: 2766: 2755:

K5054 – Supermarine Type 300 prototype Spitfire & production aircraft history

2724: 2699: 1717: 1180:

Soon after testing started the idea of using floatplane fighters was dropped and

1057: 1030: 946: 876: 778: 742: 603:

described the extended wingtips causing structural damage to Mk VII Spitfires in

114: 409:

e.g.; (type 361) are the drawing board design numbers allocated by Supermarine.

4627: 4591: 4558: 2999: 2486: 2380:, No.114, November/December 2004. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing, pp. 61–65. 2376: 2352:

Cooke, Peter. "The Early Griffon Spitfires part 2: Article and scale drawings"

2345:

Cooke, Peter. "The Early Griffon Spitfires part 1: Article and scale drawings"

1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1232: 1088: 937:) was the first Vickers-built trainer built as a demonstrator, but in 1948, 10 814: 522: 401: 198: 2785: 268:

The Hispano Mk IIs were belt fed from box magazines allowing for 120 rpg (the

4646: 4622: 2750:

Warbird Alley: Spitfire page – Information about Spitfires still flying today

2495: 2282:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1973, pp. 265–288. 1112: 1066: 829: 806: 754: 704: 635: 479: 397: 262: 208:

in late 1941 had caused problems for RAF fighter squadrons flying the latest

41: 2745:

Spitfire/Seafire Serial Numbers, production contracts and aircraft histories

1658: 1656: 1227:

Supermarine 305: Designed to the same F.9/35 specification which led to the

4568: 1510: 1026: 750: 677: 634:

was used to experiment with the use of a new cut-back rear fuselage and a "

491: 418: 217: 51: 2590:. Enderby, Leicester, UK: Siverdale Books, 2002 (Revised second edition). 1574:

Based on figures taken from a trials report of the prototype taken at the

961: 707:

as a "quantum leap" over that of the Mk Vb and another Spitfire airframe,

4612: 3118: 3034: 2816: 2308:

Barbic, Vlasco. "The Spitfire and its Wing: Article and scale drawings."

2278:

Bachelor, Len J. "Supermarine Spitfire (Griffons) Mks. XIV & XVIII".

1653: 1579: 422: 92: 945:

trainers were converted from the standard Mk IX to train pilots for the

817:, could be carried on the fuselage bomb rack used on most Mk IXs of the 185: 3087: 2942: 2749: 1457:

Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament

1145: 1100: 889: 872: 770: 600: 566: 562: 283:

The first Mk IX Spitfires started being used in the role in June 1944.

254: 204:

was facing several challenges by mid-1942. The debut of the formidable

2334:. Ramsbury, Marlbourough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd, 2004. 1670: 1668: 577: 4197: 4192: 4092: 1236: 212:. Rolls-Royce engineers were already working on a new version of the 2374:

Ford, Daniel. "Spitfires with Sea-Boots: The Floatplane Interlude".

836:, both in South Africa and in deployment in Korea during the 1950s. 2053:

Higgins, Terry. "Aviaeology decal set AOD72009 RCAF FR Spitfires."

1665: 1298:

After the destruction of the main Itchen and Woolston works by the

797: 615: 386: 2356:

Vol. 9, No 110, November 1978. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK.

528: 2349:

Vol. 9, No 109, October 1978. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK.

1070: 614:

Spitfire Mark VIII taxies to the end of the Red Road airstrip in

312: 59: 956: 2760:

The Spitfire: Seventy Years On – Includes images of the factory

2717: 684:

In the early months of 1942, with the clear superiority of the

470:

high speed dives, it was thought, because of aileron flutter.

1157: 913:

318 (Polish) "City of Gdańsk" Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron

733: 619: 604: 549:, the successful interception of a long-range reconnaissance 433: 352: 2385:

The Lives of Ken Wallis: Engineer and Aviator Extraordinaire

749:

In September 1942, the "High Altitude Flight" was set up at

412: 380:

order, the Mk IX was a stopgap brought into production

1806: 1804: 1083: 844: 665: 536:

on display in the World War II Aviation exhibition at NASM.

2575:. London: Weidenfeld Military, 1999 (New edited edition). 2295:

Fight for the Sky: The Story of the Spitfire and Hurricane

1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1921: 1919: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1435:

Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II

1843: 1841: 1153: 653:, with the Royal Australian Air Force and RAF and in the 2754: 1801: 759:

intercepted a Ju 86R at over 40,000 feet (12,000 m)

265:, the retractable landing lights were no longer fitted. 27:

Late Merlin-powered variants of the Supermarine Spitfire

2506:. Wellington, New Zealand: Ventura Publications, 2007. 2317:

British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950

2077: 2075: 2065: 2063: 1982: 1916: 1624: 2441:

Merlin PR Spitfires in Detail: Classic Warbirds No. 11

2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 1838: 2666:, Volume 28, Number 4, April 1985. Bromley, Kent, UK. 2072: 2060: 1855: 1853: 1447:

Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)

1430:

Allied technological cooperation during World War II

1048:

Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin powered variants)

432:

A new 10 ft 9 in (3.27 m) diameter four-bladed

2538:

Royal Air Force (RAF). Retrieved: 27 December 2006.

2093: 850: 839:During early 1945, some Spitfire IXes and XVIes of 305:. There were thus two possible weapon fits: either 18:

Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin powered variants)

2426:Spitfire the ANZACS; The RAF through Colonial Eyes 941:s, were exported to India. In 1951, a further six 1850: 499:was tested by the USAAF and is now housed at the 4644: 2620:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing 2008. 1961:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 359–364, 372–376. 805:Also introduced in early 1944 was a new Mark II 561:at 40,000 feet (12,000 m) over the British 514:Extended, "pointed" wingtips were fitted to the 376:The Mark numbers did not necessarily indicate a 2815: 2409:Jane, Fred T., ed. "The Supermarine Spitfire." 1452:Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants) 1281:Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants) 2671:Griffon Spitfire Aces: Aircraft of the Aces 81 2531:Palfrey, Brett R. and Christopher Whitehead. 2455:Allied Wings No.1: Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XII 2443:. Wellington, NZ: Ventura Publications, 2009. 2428:. Wellington, NZ: Ventura Publications, 1997. 919: 3103: 2801: 1740: 1738: 957:PR Mk X and PR Mk XI (types 387, 365 and 370) 371: 1952:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 315–316, 332. 970:Merlin 61s and were assigned serial numbers 269: 2504:Merlin PR Spitfires; Classic Warbirds No.10 2363:. Southampton UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. 2275:. London, UK: Air Ministry, September 1946. 1285:The early Spitfire variants powered by the 753:to counter the threat of the high altitude 3110: 3096: 2808: 2794: 2735:Alan Le Marinel hosts Supermarine Spitfire 2197:Personal Album – More Spitfire floatplanes 1735: 1662:Air Ministry 1943, pp. 16, 27–29, para 64. 1576:Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment 1274: 1222: 703:The performance increase was described by 2534:Supermarine Spitfire: History of a Legend 413:Features of late Merlin powered Spitfires 50:, in the colours and markings of Wg. Cdr 3117: 2917:Specifications, performance and armament 2483: 2411:Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II 2297:. London: Cassell Military Books, 2004. 2268:London, UK: Air Ministry, December 1943. 2153: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1780:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 273, 289. 1711:Type numbers "Supermarine Type Numbers." 1152:, took over the British held islands of 1087: 1084:Spitfire Floatplanes (types 355 and 359) 1056: 960: 923: 796: 732: 664: 609: 576: 527: 490: 193:of Duxford's Old Flying Machine Company. 184: 2660:"Spitfire: Simply Superb, Part three". 2545:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1995. 2457:. France: www.raf-in-combat.com, 2007. 2195:Aeroplane Monthly – April 1975 issue – 1934:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 315–317. 1877:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 307–309. 1115:floats. Tank tests were carried out at 14: 4645: 2616:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas. 2516:Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. 2319:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland, 2004. 2243:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp.611–614. 1111:factory to be modified and mounted on 720:(AFDU) in April 1942. The report said; 153:September 1941 (Mk III with Merlin 61) 46:A restored Supermarine Spitfire VIII, 3091: 2789: 2693:Spitfire: Frontline Fighter (IWM DVD) 2543:Late Marque Spitfire Aces 1942 – 1945 1822: 1683:Laird & Matusiak 2009, pp. 54–55. 1251:Merlin with an alternative being the 572: 330:4 × 20 mm Hispano cannon with 120 rpg 2439:Laird, Malcolm and Wojtek Matusiac. 2424:Laird, Malcolm and Steve Mackenzie. 1674:Shores and Thomas 2008, pp.586, 607. 1247:was accepted for the specification. 1052: 486: 2332:Combat Legend; Spitfire Mks VI-F.24 1771:Air Ministry 1943, pp.2, 32; FIG 4. 1650:Laird and Matusiak 2009, pp. 39–42. 1184:was converted back to a landplane. 911:. Another unit using FR Mk IXs was 660: 24: 2673:. London: Osprey Aerospace, 2008. 2634:. London: Osprey Aerospace, 1996. 2560:. London: Osprey Aerospace, 1996. 1868:Price 2002, pp. 171, 175, 178–179. 1701:Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 593. 643:served almost exclusively overseas 25: 4684: 2711: 2649:. New York: Gallery Books, 1990. 2090:Matusiak 2007, pp. 31, 50–51, 54. 1231:turret fighter (and the rejected 2520:. London: Key Publishing, 2000. 1819:Laird and Mackenzie, 1997, p. 7. 1523:with the undercarriage still up. 851:PR Mk IX (type 374) and FR Mk IX 40: 4668:Single-engined tractor aircraft 2705:Spitfire-the pilot's view (DVD) 2558:Spitfire Mark I/II Aces 1939–41 2490:. No. 95. pp. 14–31. 2258: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2162: 2144: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2084: 2047: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2009: 2000: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1907: 1898: 1889: 1880: 1871: 1862: 1835:Air International 1985, p. 187. 1813: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1726: 1704: 1695: 1568: 1559: 1549: 1540: 1526: 1516: 1495: 1353:First Mk VIII 11 November 1942 1128:extra fin extension was added. 828:The cut-down rear fuselage and 781:Wing, comprised at the time of 645:in the Mediterranean, with the 466:production Mk IXs and Mk XVIs. 4663:1940s British fighter aircraft 2685: 2603:Spitfire: A Test Pilot’s Story 2470:Spitfire: Portrait of a Legend 2280:Aircraft in Profile, Volume 13 1686: 1677: 1644: 1615: 1606: 1594: 1537:to be outside the safe limits. 1187:Five aircraft were converted: 674:306 (Polish) Toruński Squadron 392:Up until the end of 1942, the 13: 1: 2948:Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire 2605:. London: Arrow Books, 1983. 2472:. London: John Murray, 2007. 2359:Dibbs, John and Tony Holmes. 2044:Matusiak 2007, pp. 37, 52–53. 2006:Air Ministry 1946, pp. 7, 23. 1762:Quill 1983, pp. 232–233, 238. 1484: 1293: 1271:were already in development. 1041: 718:Air Fighting Development Unit 504:National Air and Space Museum 236: 4376:Type 312 & 313 (F.37/35) 2740:Spitfire Performance Testing 2234:Buttler 2004, pp. 14–17, 32. 2225:Buttler 2004, pp. 35, 37 50. 2216:Buttler 2004, pp. 53–54, 64. 2141:. Retrieved: 21 August 2011. 1744:Air Ministry 1943, pp.10–11. 1723:Retrieved: 10 February 2008. 1612:McKinstry 2007, pp. 278–279. 1588: 1339:First Mk VII September 1942 928:Irish Air Corps Spitfire T.9 7: 2252:Morgan and Shacklady (2000) 2136:"Packard 266 Installation." 1423: 1413: 1399: 1385: 1367: 1349: 1335: 1092:The Spitfire Vb floatplane 920:T Mk IX and TR 9 (type 509) 366: 10: 4689: 1943:Matusiak 2007, pp. 21, 38. 1417:First Mk XVI October 1944 1403:First Mk XI November 1942 1278: 899:, which was a unit of the 843:were fitted with a single 716:, which was tested by the 551:Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/R3 372:Mark numbers, type numbers 281:Second Tactical Air Force. 216:incorporating a two-stage 4605: 4584: 4577: 4551: 4501: 4416:Reconnaissance and patrol 4415: 4394: 4313: 4260: 4253: 3126: 3018: 2992: 2961: 2925: 2884: 2853: 2827: 2765:25 September 2006 at the 2186:Price 2002, pp. 195, 201. 2177:Price 2002, pp. 195, 202. 2168:Price 2002, pp. 195, 202. 1810:Air Ministry 1943, p. 13. 1732:Air Ministry 1946, p. 11. 1641:Barbic 1996, pp. 165–167. 1107:was taken in hand at the 886:617 "Dambusters" Squadron 819:Second Tactical Air Force 295: 286: 244: 165: 157: 149: 141: 133: 128: 120: 110: 98: 86: 72: 67: 39: 34: 2933:Prototype K5054 replicas 2413:. London: Studio, 1946. 2150:Price 2002, pp. 193–203. 2126:Price 2002, pp. 181–182. 2035:Matusiak 2007, pp.33–34. 1886:Price 1999, pp. 153–170. 1789:Air Ministry 1943, p. 6. 1489: 1237:Lewis light machine guns 655:South-East Asian theatre 495:This Spitfire HF Mk VII 2953:Time Warp Spitfire Mk V 2361:Spitfire: Flying Legend 2310:Scale Aviation Modeller 1997:Air Ministry 1946, p.7. 1925:Air Ministry 1946, p.6. 1847:Air Ministry 1943, p.6. 1582:(near Glasgow) in 1943. 1275:Griffon engine variants 1223:Related design projects 1020:de Havilland Mosquitoes 909:Operation Market Garden 907:area before and during 651:South West Pacific Area 483:Xs and most PR Mk XIs. 4673:Carrier-based aircraft 2780:Temora Aviation Museum 2723:17 August 2020 at the 1979:Price 2002, pp.154–155 1178: 1096: 1062: 966: 929: 813:carried by long range 802: 746: 727: 700:high altitude bomber. 692:had been converted by 681: 649:and the USAAF, in the 623: 582: 537: 507: 439:Coffman engine starter 270: 194: 4628:Joseph "Mutt" Summers 2698:8 August 2017 at the 2518:Spitfire: The History 2354:Scale Models Magazine 2347:Scale Models Magazine 2117:Smallwood 1996, p.20. 2108:Matusiak 2007, p. 34. 1753:Matusiak 2007, p. 35. 1509:and was also used by 1173: 1091: 1071:Packard Motor Company 1060: 964: 927: 892:after the operation. 800: 736: 722: 668: 613: 580: 545:recalls in his book, 531: 494: 188: 4653:Supermarine Spitfire 4534:Sparrow (I & II) 4519:Commercial Amphibian 3027:The First of the Few 2907:Later Merlin-powered 2897:Early Merlin-powered 2730:The Spitfire Society 2647:Supermarine Spitfire 2139:Spitfire Performance 2081:Matusiak 2007, p.51. 2069:Matusiak 2007, p.31. 1716:27 July 2011 at the 1389:First Mk X May 1944 1305:Supermarine Spitfire 1229:Boulton Paul Defiant 774:to early PR Mk XIs. 202:Supermarine Spitfire 124:8,996 (20,346 total) 81:Photo-reconnaissance 2453:Listemann, Phil H. 2026:Price 1999, p. 158. 1970:Price 1999, p. 170. 1798:Price 2010, p. 204. 1692:Price 2002, p. 155. 1621:Price 1982, p. 171. 1441:Related development 1312: 1311:Production by Mark 1287:Rolls-Royce Griffon 1265:Bristol Beaufighter 737:Early Mark IXbs of 226:Rolls-Royce Griffon 68:General information 4618:Basil Deacon Hobbs 4458:Seagull ASR-1 3005:Beverley Shenstone 2984:Surviving aircraft 2588:The Spitfire Story 2573:The Spitfire Story 2502:Matusiak, Wojtek. 2207:Price 2002, p.195. 2016:Mk IX Fuel System. 1904:Delve 2007, p. 80. 1895:Price 1995, p. 12. 1859:Price 2002, p.171. 1310: 1245:Westland Whirlwind 1140:were converted by 1097: 1063: 967: 930: 882:Operation Chastise 803: 747: 682: 624: 583: 573:Mk VIII (type 360) 555:'Strato Spitfire' 543:Pierre Clostermann 538: 532:Spitfire Mk. VIIc 508: 303:heavy machine guns 195: 189:Spitfire LF Mk IX 4658:Low-wing aircraft 4640: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4547: 4546: 4371:Type 224 (F.7/30) 3085: 3084: 3051:Battle of Britain 3043:Reach for the Sky 2772:Spitfire Mk. VIII 2718:The Spitfire Site 2679:978-1-84603-298-1 2663:Air International 2630:Smallwood, Hugh. 2626:978-1-906537-01-2 2463:978-2-9526381-4-2 2393:978-0-9541239-4-9 2159:Ford 2004, p. 63. 1913:Price 1995, p. 9. 1601:Air International 1535:centre of gravity 1513:powered aircraft. 1421: 1420: 1162:Great Bitter Lake 1053:Mk XVI (type 361) 1034:of the fighters. 787:341 (Free French) 686:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 636:tear-drop" canopy 588:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 487:Mk VII (type 351) 206:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 183: 182: 145:June 1942 (Mk IX) 142:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 4680: 4582: 4581: 4402:Type 322 (Dumbo) 4258: 4257: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3089: 3088: 2810: 2803: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2632:Spitfire in Blue 2601:Quill. Jeffrey. 2499: 2468:McKinstry, Leo. 2293:Bader, Douglas. 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2070: 2067: 2058: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1980: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1836: 1833: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1693: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1663: 1660: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1639: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1583: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1538: 1530: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1499: 1462:Supermarine S.6B 1344:F VIII, L.F VIII 1313: 1309: 1024:Air Vice Marshal 939:Spitfire T Mk IX 698:Wellington Mk VI 661:Mk IX (type 361) 647:Desert Air Force 581:Spitfire Mk VIII 348:Spifire LF.IX .5 273: 231:separate article 44: 32: 31: 21: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4632: 4601: 4573: 4543: 4497: 4411: 4390: 4309: 4249: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3086: 3081: 3067:Dark Blue World 3014: 2988: 2957: 2938:Isaacs Spitfire 2921: 2912:Griffon-powered 2880: 2849: 2823: 2814: 2767:Wayback Machine 2725:Wayback Machine 2714: 2709: 2700:Wayback Machine 2688: 2669:Thomas, Andrew. 2586:Price, Alfred. 2571:Price, Alfred. 2556:Price, Alfred. 2541:Price, Alfred. 2330:Caygill, Peter. 2315:Buttler, Tony. 2261: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2073: 2068: 2061: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1834: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1718:Wayback Machine 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1666: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1517: 1503:Coffman starter 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1426: 1411:Castle Bromwich 1365:Castle Bromwich 1364: 1359: 1296: 1283: 1277: 1225: 1086: 1055: 1044: 1031:Coastal Command 959: 947:Irish Air Corps 922: 853: 815:Hawker Typhoons 755:Junkers Ju 86 R 663: 575: 569:in early 1944. 489: 415: 402:Arabic numerals 374: 369: 298: 289: 247: 239: 115:Royal Air Force 106: 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4686: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4592:R. J. Mitchell 4588: 4586: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4559:AD Flying Boat 4555: 4553: 4552:Under contract 4549: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4453:Seagull (1921) 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4275: 4270: 4264: 4262: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3115: 3114: 3107: 3100: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3071: 3063: 3055: 3047: 3039: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 3000:R. J. Mitchell 2996: 2994: 2993:Notable people 2990: 2989: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2902:Speed Spitfire 2899: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2813: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2769: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2713: 2712:External links 2710: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2667: 2658: 2643: 2628: 2614: 2599: 2584: 2569: 2554: 2539: 2529: 2514: 2500: 2487:Air Enthusiast 2481: 2466: 2451: 2437: 2422: 2407: 2396: 2383:Hancock, Ian. 2381: 2377:Air Enthusiast 2372: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2328: 2313: 2306: 2291: 2276: 2271:Air Ministry. 2269: 2264:Air Ministry. 2260: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2092: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2008: 1999: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1915: 1906: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1849: 1837: 1821: 1812: 1800: 1791: 1782: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1734: 1725: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1664: 1652: 1643: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1567: 1558: 1548: 1539: 1525: 1515: 1507:Spitfire Mk II 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330:F VII, H.F VII 1327: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1295: 1292: 1279:Main article: 1276: 1273: 1269:Gloster F.9/37 1261:Hawker Tornado 1257:Hawker Typhoon 1253:Bristol Taurus 1233:Hawker Hotspur 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1213: 1203: 1197: 1085: 1082: 1054: 1051: 1043: 1040: 958: 955: 921: 918: 852: 849: 662: 659: 574: 571: 488: 485: 414: 411: 398:Roman numerals 373: 370: 368: 365: 334: 333: 332: 331: 322: 321: 320: 319: 297: 294: 288: 285: 271:Chattellerault 246: 243: 238: 235: 210:Spitfire Mk Vb 181: 180: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 100: 96: 95: 90: 84: 83: 74: 70: 69: 65: 64: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4685: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4623:Jeffrey Quill 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 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3064: 3061: 3060: 3059:Piece of Cake 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2655:0-8317-1403-4 2652: 2648: 2645:Spick, Mike. 2644: 2641: 2640:1-85532-615-9 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611:0-09-937020-4 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2596:1-85605-702-X 2593: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2581:1-85409-514-5 2578: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2566:1-85532-627-2 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2551:1-85532-575-6 2548: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2526:0-946219-48-6 2523: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2512:0-9582296-2-7 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2478:0-7195-6874-9 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2449:0-9582296-5-1 2446: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2434:0-9583594-1-5 2431: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2419:1-85170-493-0 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404:0-7525-8770-6 2401: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2370: 2369:1-84176-005-6 2366: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2340:1-84037-400-4 2337: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2325:1-85780-179-2 2322: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303:0-304-35674-3 2300: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2288:0-85383-022-3 2285: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2183: 2174: 2165: 2156: 2147: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2087: 2078: 2076: 2066: 2064: 2056: 2050: 2041: 2032: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1976: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1920: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1795: 1786: 1777: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1739: 1729: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1618: 1609: 1603:1985, p. 187. 1602: 1597: 1593: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1562: 1552: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1519: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1291: 1288: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113:Blackburn Roc 1110: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1090: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1059: 1050: 1049: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1004:beam approach 1001: 995: 991: 989: 985: 979: 977: 973: 963: 954: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 926: 917: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 848: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 830:bubble canopy 826: 822: 820: 816: 810: 808: 807:Gyro gunsight 799: 795: 791: 788: 784: 780: 775: 772: 766: 762: 760: 756: 752: 744: 740: 735: 731: 726: 721: 719: 715: 710: 706: 705:Jeffrey Quill 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 679: 675: 671: 667: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 641:This variant 639: 637: 633: 628: 621: 617: 612: 608: 606: 602: 598: 595:wingtips.' I 592: 589: 579: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 535: 530: 526: 524: 519: 517: 512: 505: 502: 498: 493: 484: 481: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 452: 448: 443: 440: 437:bulge) for a 435: 430: 426: 424: 421:requiring an 420: 410: 408: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 383: 379: 378:chronological 364: 362: 356: 354: 349: 345: 340: 329: 328: 327: 326: 325: 317: 314: 310: 309: 308: 307: 306: 304: 293: 284: 282: 276: 272: 266: 264: 263:night fighter 258: 256: 253: 242: 234: 232: 227: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 200: 192: 187: 179: 175: 171: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 127: 123: 119: 116: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94: 91: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 66: 61: 57: 53: 49: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4569:AD Navyplane 4300:Sea Lion III 3810: 3700: 3635: 3615: 3590: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3540: 3520: 3290: 3073: 3065: 3057: 3049: 3041: 3033: 3025: 3010:Joseph Smith 2906: 2828:Predecessors 2670: 2661: 2646: 2631: 2617: 2602: 2587: 2572: 2557: 2542: 2533: 2517: 2503: 2485: 2469: 2454: 2440: 2425: 2410: 2384: 2375: 2360: 2353: 2346: 2331: 2316: 2309: 2294: 2279: 2272: 2265: 2259:Bibliography 2248: 2239: 2230: 2221: 2212: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2155: 2146: 2138: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2086: 2054: 2049: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2011: 2002: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1815: 1794: 1785: 1776: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1728: 1720: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1679: 1646: 1617: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1570: 1561: 1551: 1542: 1528: 1518: 1511:Napier Sabre 1497: 1481: 1440: 1439: 1372: 1371:First Mk IX 1358:F IX, H.F IX 1299: 1297: 1284: 1249: 1241: 1226: 1216: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1192: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1149: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1124: 1120: 1104: 1098: 1093: 1078: 1075: 1064: 1045: 1036: 1027:John Slessor 1016: 1012: 1008: 996: 992: 988:542 Squadron 984:541 Squadron 980: 975: 971: 968: 951: 942: 938: 934: 931: 894: 869:541 Squadron 864: 860: 856: 854: 838: 827: 823: 811: 804: 792: 776: 771:vapour locks 767: 763: 751:RAF Northolt 748: 739:611 Squadron 728: 723: 713: 708: 702: 689: 683: 678:RAF Northolt 669: 640: 631: 629: 625: 596: 593: 584: 559:602 Squadron 554: 553:by a Mk VII 547:The Big Show 546: 539: 533: 520: 515: 513: 509: 496: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 450: 446: 444: 431: 427: 419:supercharger 416: 407:Type numbers 406: 391: 381: 377: 375: 360: 357: 347: 343: 335: 323: 299: 290: 277: 267: 259: 248: 240: 222: 218:supercharger 196: 190: 150:First flight 134:Manufactured 121:Number built 111:Primary user 104:Joseph Smith 88:Manufacturer 56:80 Wing RAAF 52:Bobby Gibbes 47: 29: 4613:Henry Biard 4483:Southampton 4295:Sea Lion II 3119:Supermarine 3035:Malta Story 2974:Operational 2817:Supermarine 2686:Videography 2055:Aviaeology, 1580:Helensburgh 1397:Supermarine 1383:Supermarine 1363:Supermarine 1347:Supermarine 1333:Supermarine 1117:Farnborough 1006:equipment. 897:16 Squadron 877:Worthy Down 841:74 Squadron 779:Biggin Hill 743:Biggin Hill 694:Rolls-Royce 565:'s base at 541:French ace 501:Smithsonian 423:intercooler 316:Browning M2 93:Supermarine 58:, based on 4647:Categories 4305:Sea Urchin 4290:Sea Lion I 2969:In fiction 2943:Jurca Spit 1721:mildb.org. 1578:(MAEE) at 1485:References 1375:June 1942 1294:Production 1199:F Mk Vb – 1146:Dodecanese 1101:floatplane 1042:PR Mk XIII 1029:, head of 890:Moehne Dam 873:RAF Benson 630:A Mk VIII 601:Alan Peart 567:Scapa Flow 563:Home Fleet 389:facility. 237:Wing types 4597:Joe Smith 4585:Designers 4578:Personnel 4529:Sea Eagle 4509:Air Yacht 4488:Stranraer 4473:Sheldrake 4468:Sea Otter 4331:Nighthawk 2978:operators 2892:Prototype 2496:0143-5450 1589:Citations 1300:Luftwaffe 1290:article. 1215:Mk IXb – 1150:Luftwaffe 976:LV726-756 972:LV643–681 741:based at 394:RAF names 339:harmonise 161:1955, RAF 137:1942–1945 4386:Type 559 4381:Type 545 4361:Spitfire 4356:Spiteful 4351:Sea King 4336:Scimitar 4321:Attacker 4314:Fighters 3121:aircraft 3019:In media 2926:Replicas 2885:Variants 2871:Spiteful 2861:Spitfire 2854:Aircraft 2835:Type 224 2820:Spitfire 2763:Archived 2721:Archived 2696:Archived 1714:Archived 1472:Spiteful 1424:See also 1109:Woolston 672:UZ-Z of 616:Calcutta 387:Hucknall 367:Variants 174:Spiteful 166:Variants 99:Designer 62:in 1945. 35:Spitfire 4514:Channel 4448:Seal II 4423:Channel 4407:B.12/36 4395:Bombers 4346:Seafire 4341:Seafang 4254:By role 3129:numbers 3075:Dunkirk 2976: ( 2876:Seafang 2866:Seafire 2776:Mk. XVI 1477:Seafang 1467:Seafire 1319:Builder 1205:Mk V – 1191:Mk I – 1142:Folland 1069:by the 1000:Rebecca 901:2nd TAF 523:Lobelle 313:.50 cal 252:Hispano 199:British 178:Seafang 170:Seafire 158:Retired 129:History 77:Fighter 60:Morotai 48:A58-758 4606:Pilots 4493:Walrus 4478:Solent 4463:Seamew 4443:Scylla 4438:Scarab 4261:Racers 3078:(2017) 3070:(2001) 3062:(1988) 3054:(1969) 3046:(1956) 3038:(1953) 3030:(1942) 2962:Topics 2822:family 2677: 2653: 2638: 2624: 2609: 2594: 2579: 2564: 2549: 2524: 2510: 2494: 2476: 2461: 2447: 2432: 2417: 2402: 2391: 2367: 2338: 2323: 2301: 2286: 1360:L.F IX 1325:Notes 1322:Number 1176:plane. 905:Arnhem 884:, the 516:Type C 480:Dunlop 451:Type E 447:Type C 382:before 296:E type 287:D Type 255:cannon 245:C type 214:Merlin 4524:Giant 4502:Civil 4433:Scapa 4428:Nanok 4366:Swift 2057:2012. 1490:Notes 1414:1,054 1394:PR XI 1373:BR581 1368:5,656 1350:1,658 1217:MJ892 1211:EP754 1207:EP751 1201:W3760 1194:R6722 1182:MJ982 1169:MJ892 1158:Leros 1138:EP754 1134:EP751 1125:W3760 1121:R6772 1105:R6722 1094:W3760 935:MT818 865:BS473 861:BS339 857:BS338 714:AB505 709:R6700 690:N3297 670:BS456 632:JF299 620:India 605:Burma 597:hated 534:EN474 497:EN474 434:Rotol 353:D-Day 344:BS118 191:MH434 4564:Baby 4539:Swan 4326:Baby 4283:S.6B 4245:S.6B 4240:S.6A 3127:Type 2845:S.6B 2782:page 2774:and 2675:ISBN 2651:ISBN 2636:ISBN 2622:ISBN 2607:ISBN 2592:ISBN 2577:ISBN 2562:ISBN 2547:ISBN 2522:ISBN 2508:ISBN 2492:ISSN 2474:ISBN 2459:ISBN 2445:ISBN 2430:ISBN 2415:ISBN 2400:ISBN 2389:ISBN 2365:ISBN 2336:ISBN 2321:ISBN 2299:ISBN 2284:ISBN 1501:The 1380:PR X 1316:Mark 1267:and 1259:and 1209:and 1156:and 1136:and 986:and 974:and 943:TR 9 863:and 845:RP-3 834:SAAF 785:and 445:The 396:had 361:e.g. 311:2 × 197:The 73:Type 4278:S.6 4273:S.5 4268:S.4 4235:S.6 4230:S.5 4225:S.4 4220:S.3 4215:S.2 4210:S.1 4203:599 4198:595 4193:594 4188:593 4183:592 4178:591 4173:590 4168:589 4163:588 4158:587 4153:586 4148:585 4143:584 4138:583 4133:582 4128:581 4123:577 4118:576 4113:575 4108:574 4103:573 4098:572 4093:571 4088:569 4083:567 4078:566 4073:565 4068:564 4063:563 4058:562 4053:561 4048:560 4043:559 4038:558 4033:557 4028:556 4023:555 4018:554 4013:553 4008:552 4003:551 3998:550 3993:549 3988:548 3983:547 3978:546 3973:545 3968:544 3963:543 3958:542 3953:541 3948:539 3943:538 3938:537 3933:535 3928:533 3923:532 3918:531 3913:530 3908:529 3903:528 3898:527 3893:526 3888:525 3883:524 3878:523 3873:522 3868:521 3863:520 3858:519 3853:518 3848:517 3843:516 3838:515 3833:514 3828:513 3821:511 3816:510 3811:509 3806:508 3801:507 3796:506 3791:505 3786:504 3781:503 3776:502 3771:501 3766:500 3761:399 3756:398 3751:397 3746:396 3741:395 3736:394 3731:393 3726:392 3721:391 3716:390 3711:389 3706:388 3701:387 3696:386 3691:385 3686:384 3681:383 3676:382 3671:381 3666:380 3661:379 3656:378 3651:377 3646:376 3641:375 3636:374 3631:373 3626:372 3621:371 3616:370 3611:369 3606:368 3601:367 3596:366 3591:365 3586:364 3581:363 3576:362 3571:361 3566:360 3561:359 3556:358 3551:357 3546:356 3541:355 3536:354 3531:353 3526:352 3521:351 3516:350 3511:349 3506:348 3501:347 3496:346 3491:345 3486:344 3481:343 3476:342 3471:341 3466:340 3461:339 3456:338 3451:337 3446:336 3441:335 3436:334 3431:333 3426:332 3421:331 3416:330 3411:329 3406:328 3401:327 3396:326 3391:325 3386:324 3381:323 3376:322 3371:321 3366:320 3361:319 3356:318 3351:317 3346:316 3341:315 3336:314 3331:313 3326:312 3321:311 3316:310 3311:309 3306:308 3301:307 3296:306 3291:305 3286:304 3281:303 3276:302 3271:301 3266:300 3261:240 3256:239 3251:238 3246:237 3241:236 3236:235 3231:234 3226:233 3221:232 3216:231 3211:230 3206:229 3201:228 3196:226 3191:224 3186:223 3181:221 3176:190 3171:189 3166:188 3161:187 3156:186 3151:185 3146:184 3141:179 3136:171 2840:S.6 1556:61. 1408:XVI 1400:471 1336:140 1154:Kos 1067:USA 871:at 783:611 557:of 324:or 54:of 4649:: 2778:– 2095:^ 2074:^ 2062:^ 1984:^ 1918:^ 1852:^ 1840:^ 1824:^ 1803:^ 1737:^ 1667:^ 1655:^ 1626:^ 1386:16 1002:" 859:, 761:. 676:, 618:, 257:. 233:. 176:, 172:, 79:/ 3111:e 3104:t 3097:v 2980:) 2809:e 2802:t 2795:v 2681:. 2657:. 2642:. 2613:. 2598:. 2583:. 2568:. 2553:. 2536:. 2528:. 2498:. 2480:. 2465:. 2436:. 2421:. 2406:. 2395:. 2371:. 2342:. 2327:. 2305:. 2290:. 933:( 622:. 359:( 20:)

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Knowledge

Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)

Index