1813:
736:
724:
775:
763:
700:
688:
712:
52:
40:
420:
207:
To help define the boundaries, these canals are often further approximated as boxes with six sides. Not including the two rings, the remaining four sides are usually called the "anterior wall", "inferior wall ("floor")", "superior wall ("roof")", and "posterior wall". These consist of the following:
391:
It is of an oval form, the long axis of the oval being vertical; it varies in size in different subjects, and is much larger in the male than in the female. It is bounded, above and laterally, by the arched lower margin of the transversalis fascia; below and medially, by the
657:
sexual activity or manual manipulation—partially or fully retract into the inguinal canal for a short period of time. In juveniles and adults with inguinal injury, retraction can be prolonged and potentially lead to overheating-related infertility.
877:"Ethnicity-related differences in inguinal canal dimensions between African and Caucasian populations and their potential impact on the mesh size for open and laparoscopic groin hernia repair in low-resource countries in Africa"
631:
Abdominal contents (potentially including intestine) can be abnormally displaced from the abdominal cavity. Where these contents exit through the inguinal canal, having passed through the
196:. The canals are approximately 4 to 6 cm long, angled anteroinferiorly and medially. In males, its diameter is normally 2 cm (±1 cm in standard deviation) at the deep inguinal ring.
365:). Traditionally, either one of these two sites was claimed as its location. However, this claim is based upon the study's dissection of 52 cadavers, and may not reflect the live
723:
345:
However, the surface anatomy of the point is disputed. In a recent study, it was found to be in a region between the mid-inguinal point (situated midway between the
137:
842:
467:
1313:
at the
University of Michigan Health System - "The Coverings of the Inguinal Canal, External & Internal Oblique & Transversus Abdominis Removed"
1186:
735:
642:
A hernia that exits the abdominal cavity directly through the deep layers of the abdominal wall, thereby bypassing the inguinal canal, is known as a
639:. This can also cause infertility. This condition is far more common in males than in females, owing to the inguinal canal's small size in females.
1338:
1538:
1245:
Adam
Mitchell; Drake, Richard; Gray, Henry David; Wayne Vogl (2010). Gray's anatomy for students. Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. pp. 286.
1287:
1269:
113:
774:
478:. It has the following boundaries—medial crura by pubic crest, lateral crura by pubic tubercle and inferiorly by inguinal ligament.
17:
342:
The surface marking of the deep inguinal ring is classically described as half an inch above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.
1212:
166:
1290:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The inguinal canal and derivation of the layers of the spermatic cord."
1272:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The inguinal canal and derivation of the layers of the spermatic cord."
932:
1299:
1161:
1737:
1331:
1779:
1764:
1543:
1310:
1293:
1436:
1387:
1250:
1136:
1065:
1034:
1002:
966:
44:
Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal. (Inguinal canal is tube at lower left.)
173:
1747:
1324:
676:
Thus lymphatic spread from a testicular tumour is to the para-aortic nodes first, and not the inguinal nodes.
1419:
358:
346:
132:
1275:
1190:
687:
502:
401:
181:
1284:
at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "Anterior Abdominal Wall: Borders of the Superficial Inguinal Ring"
1392:
393:
1803:
1176:
James Harmon, M.D., Ph.D., Lecture 13. Human Gross
Anatomy. University of Minnesota. September 4, 2008.
1598:
1533:
791:
762:
569:
536:
528:
247:
729:
The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side.
1281:
1263:
742:
636:
594:
456:
96:
820:
The diameter has been estimated to be ±2.2cm ±1.08cm in
Africans, and 2.1 cm ±0.41cm in Europeans.
1409:
1057:
1051:
994:
987:
1774:
1490:
1426:
643:
598:
408:
144:
120:
108:
1316:
711:
1730:
1701:
1769:
1684:
1679:
1497:
385:
373:
262:
1081:
Koliyadan S, Narayan G, Balasekran P (2004). "Surface marking of the deep inguinal ring".
699:
8:
1725:
1689:
1461:
753:
614:
554:
448:
443:. It is a triangular opening that forms the exit of the inguinal canal, which houses the
1812:
1641:
1613:
1608:
1565:
1555:
1528:
1414:
1106:
909:
876:
650:
632:
565:
558:
543:
532:
521:
506:
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444:
275:
956:
936:
1786:
1752:
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1502:
1485:
1246:
1157:
1132:
1098:
1061:
1030:
998:
962:
914:
896:
850:
666:
517:
354:
289:
193:
1296:
at the
University of Michigan Health System - "The Male & Female Inguinal Canal"
1110:
1833:
1742:
1696:
1560:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1456:
1431:
1090:
904:
888:
293:
241:
65:
61:
411:, is continued around the cord and testis, enclosing them in a distinct covering.
1397:
796:
749:
670:
654:
626:
350:
298:
266:
226:
101:
513:
The classic description of the contents of the spermatic cords in the male are:
1817:
1618:
1363:
609:. This way, each testicle descends through the abdominal wall into the scrotum
491:
486:
The structures which pass through the canals differ between males and females:
475:
452:
397:
362:
177:
169:
1304:
1827:
1717:
1404:
900:
892:
270:
125:
1759:
1659:
1636:
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918:
854:
547:
1674:
471:
237:
64:
has been opened; on the right side, only the layers superficial to the
1179:
222:
Musculoaponeurotic arches of internal oblique and transverse abdominal
199:
A first-order approximation is to visualize each canal as a cylinder.
150:
1603:
1094:
957:
Adam
Mitchell; Drake, Richard; Gray, Henry David; Wayne Vogl (2005).
662:
1024:
590:
439:) is an anatomical structure in the anterior wall of the mammalian
192:
The inguinal canals are situated just above the medial half of the
1131:. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 198.
1029:. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 102.
665:
under normal conditions. It becomes dilated in a condition called
273:, reflected part of inguinal ligament, medial third of canal only)
1351:
801:
746:
606:
602:
573:
440:
57:
984:
780:
Anterior abdominal wall. Intermediate dissection. Anterior view.
68:
have been removed. (Right inguinal canal visible at upper left.)
1355:
1347:
1346:
843:"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Inguinal Region (Inguinal Canal)"
1307:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
993:. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.
184:. The inguinal canals are larger and more prominent in males.
875:
Mitura, Kryspin; Kozieł, Sławomir; Pasierbek, Michał (2018).
245:
fleshy part of internal oblique (lateral third of canal only)
84:
1053:
Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery
407:
From its circumference, a thin funnel-shaped membrane, the
51:
39:
1080:
841:
Tuma, Faiz; Lopez, Richard A.; Varacallo, Matthew (2023).
419:
1170:
516:
3 arteries: artery to vas deferens (or ductus deferens),
1156:(12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. pp. 226–227.
925:
669:. Abdominal contents may protrude through the ring in
1801:
1126:
874:
561:(N.B. outside spermatic cord but travels next to it)
1219:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
1122:
1120:
1237:
Moore & Agur, Essential Clinical Anatomy (2007)
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
980:
978:
986:
840:
557:(L1/2), sympathetic and visceral afferent fibres,
372:Some sources state that it is at the layer of the
172:on each side of the body (one on each side of the
1117:
1825:
1043:
1011:
975:
950:
1049:
961:. Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 260.
868:
605:, and through the inguinal canals to reach the
576:, but does not formally run through the canal.
459:(in women). At the other end of the canal, the
1025:Arthur F., II Dalley; Anne M. R. Agur (2005).
881:Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques
474:, 1 centimeter above and superolateral to the
220:Medial crus of aponeurosis of external oblique
1332:
1210:
414:
384:The deep inguinal ring is an opening in the
985:Dalley, Arthur F.; Moore, Keith L. (2006).
1339:
1325:
1151:
550:(ductus deferens), testicular lymphatics;
50:
38:
908:
649:In males with strong presentation of the
334:) is the entrance to the inguinal canal.
693:The spermatic cord in the inguinal canal
620:
593:descends from the starting point on the
418:
14:
1826:
60:. On the left side, the cavity of the
1320:
309:
1278:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1266:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1145:
679:
834:
637:indirect or oblique inguinal hernia
468:aponeurosis of the external oblique
24:
1544:Crura of superficial inguinal ring
1187:"Anatomy Tables - Inguinal Region"
25:
1845:
1257:
1056:. Churchill-Livingstone. p.
1811:
773:
761:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
553:3 nerves: genital branch of the
1231:
1204:
635:, the condition is known as an
320:internal or deep abdominal ring
1152:Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011).
1127:Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005).
1074:
814:
579:
379:
278:(lateral third of canal only)
176:), which in males, convey the
13:
1:
1300:Diagram at nurseminerva.co.uk
827:
423:The superficial inguinal ring
359:anterior superior iliac spine
347:anterior superior iliac spine
301:(lateral third of canal only)
1129:Gross Anatomy (Board Review)
503:round ligament of the uterus
447:, the genital branch of the
402:round ligament of the uterus
296:(medial third of canal only)
250:(medial third of canal only)
187:
182:round ligament of the uterus
7:
989:Clinically oriented anatomy
959:Gray's anatomy for students
785:
717:The abdominal inguinal ring
617:(which later obliterates).
601:near the kidneys, down the
597:(para-aortically) from the
584:
494:and its coverings, and the
481:
394:inferior epigastric vessels
337:
10:
1850:
1437:Abdominal internal oblique
1388:Abdominal external oblique
624:
433:subcutaneous inguinal ring
353:) and the midpoint of the
1710:
1667:
1658:
1629:
1591:
1584:
1534:Superficial inguinal ring
1511:
1452:
1445:
1380:
1371:
1362:
849:. StatPearls Publishing.
792:Superficial inguinal ring
768:Superficial inguinal ring
589:During development, each
537:internal spermatic fascia
429:superficial inguinal ring
415:Superficial inguinal ring
357:(i.e. midway between the
248:superficial inguinal ring
143:
131:
119:
107:
95:
83:
78:
73:
49:
37:
32:
18:Superficial inguinal ring
1311:Atlas image: abdo_wall65
1294:Atlas image: abdo_wall63
1288:Anatomy figure: 36:01-13
1282:Anatomy photo:35:09-0101
1270:Anatomy figure: 36:01-03
1264:Anatomy photo:36:01-0102
1050:Susan Standring (2004).
1027:Grant's Atlas of Anatomy
893:10.5114/wiitm.2018.72579
807:
661:The superficial ring is
653:, the testes can—during
595:posterior abdominal wall
470:, immediately above the
202:
466:It is found within the
324:abdominal inguinal ring
27:Human abdominal anatomy
1775:Puboprostatic ligament
1491:Interfoveolar ligament
1427:Tendinous intersection
644:direct inguinal hernia
599:labioscrotal swellings
437:external inguinal ring
424:
409:infundibuliform fascia
328:internal inguinal ring
286:inferior wall (floor):
145:Anatomical terminology
1731:Rectoprostatic fascia
1213:"Retractile testicle"
933:"Gross Anatomy Image"
621:Clinical significance
422:
217:superior wall (roof):
1770:Pubovesical ligament
1393:Transverse abdominal
572:to descend into the
542:3 other structures:
463:forms the entrance.
400:in the male and the
386:transversalis fascia
374:transversalis fascia
263:transversalis fascia
224:Transversalis fascia
180:and in females, the
165:is a passage in the
1726:Rectovaginal fascia
1462:Panniculus adiposus
1211:Mayo Clinic Staff.
756:view from the left)
615:processus vaginalis
568:passes through the
555:genitofemoral nerve
449:genitofemoral nerve
396:. It transmits the
332:annulus abdominalis
1642:Iliopectineal arch
1599:Quadratus lumborum
1566:Reflected ligament
1556:Pectineal ligament
1539:Intercrural fibers
1529:Deep inguinal ring
1276:Anatomy image:7362
651:cremasteric reflex
633:deep inguinal ring
566:ilioinguinal nerve
559:ilioinguinal nerve
544:pampiniform plexus
529:external spermatic
527:3 fascial layers:
522:cremasteric artery
507:ilioinguinal nerve
496:ilioinguinal nerve
461:deep inguinal ring
445:ilioinguinal nerve
425:
316:deep inguinal ring
310:Deep inguinal ring
276:deep inguinal ring
90:canalis inguinalis
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1787:Anococcygeal body
1753:Piriformis fascia
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1551:Inguinal ligament
1519:Inguinal triangle
1503:Linea semilunaris
1486:Transverse fascia
1350:and ligaments of
1163:978-0-7295-3752-0
680:Additional images
667:athletic pubalgia
518:testicular artery
355:inguinal ligament
307:
306:
290:inguinal ligament
194:inguinal ligament
159:
158:
154:
16:(Redirected from
1841:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1743:Obturator fascia
1665:
1664:
1589:
1588:
1561:Lacunar ligament
1479:Fascia of Scarpa
1474:Membranous layer
1467:Fascia of Camper
1457:Abdominal fascia
1450:
1449:
1410:Rectus abdominis
1378:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
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1208:
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1201:
1199:
1198:
1189:. Archived from
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1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1095:10.1002/ca.10257
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1022:
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992:
982:
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954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
935:. Archived from
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866:
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863:
861:
838:
821:
818:
777:
765:
738:
726:
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702:
690:
612:
570:superficial ring
501:in females: the
455:(in men) or the
294:lacunar ligament
254:(inguinal canal)
242:external oblique
211:
210:
151:edit on Wikidata
148:
62:tunica vaginalis
54:
42:
30:
29:
21:
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1780:Inferior fascia
1765:Superior fascia
1706:
1646:
1625:
1572:
1507:
1441:
1398:Conjoint tendon
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824:
819:
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797:Inguinal hernia
788:
781:
778:
769:
766:
757:
750:inguinal hernia
739:
730:
727:
718:
715:
706:
705:Inguinal fossae
703:
694:
691:
682:
671:inguinal hernia
629:
627:Inguinal hernia
623:
610:
587:
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417:
404:in the female.
382:
351:pubic symphysis
340:
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299:iliopubic tract
297:
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288:
274:
267:conjoint tendon
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261:
259:posterior wall:
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227:conjoint tendon
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178:spermatic cords
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1748:Tendinous arch
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1702:Rectococcygeus
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1305:inguinalregion
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1258:External links
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1154:Last's Anatomy
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741:Diagram of an
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564:Note that the
511:
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492:spermatic cord
490:in males: the
483:
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476:pubic tubercle
457:round ligament
453:spermatic cord
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398:spermatic cord
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363:pubic tubercle
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163:inguinal canal
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1718:Pelvic fascia
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1685:Pubococcygeus
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1680:Iliococcygeus
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1690:Puborectalis
1637:Iliac fascia
1523:
1420:Arcuate line
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:the original
1181:
1172:
1153:
1147:
1128:
1089:(7): 554–7.
1086:
1082:
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1026:
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952:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
927:
887:(1): 74–81.
884:
880:
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858:. Retrieved
846:
836:
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548:vas deferens
541:
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114:A04.5.01.026
89:
1675:Levator ani
1614:Psoas minor
1609:Psoas major
1415:Pyramidalis
1223:10 February
1217:Mayo Clinic
580:Development
533:cremasteric
472:pubic crest
380:Description
238:aponeurosis
79:Identifiers
1498:Linea alba
1197:2007-11-20
943:2007-11-20
847:StatPearls
828:References
625:See also:
505:, and the
451:, and the
1722:Visceral
1697:Coccygeus
1604:Iliopsoas
1585:Posterior
1432:Cremaster
1372:Anterior/
1083:Clin Anat
901:1895-4588
369:anatomy.
188:Structure
66:cremaster
1828:Category
1738:Parietal
1512:Inguinal
1111:30726776
1103:15376291
919:29643962
855:29261933
786:See also
743:indirect
663:palpable
591:testicle
585:In males
482:Contents
361:and the
349:and the
338:Location
167:anterior
1834:Abdomen
1818:Anatomy
1619:Iliacus
1374:lateral
1352:abdomen
1348:Muscles
910:5890843
860:18 June
802:Tucking
747:scrotal
607:scrotum
603:abdomen
574:scrotum
441:abdomen
367:in vivo
174:midline
102:D007264
74:Details
58:scrotum
1804:Portal
1711:Fascia
1668:Muscle
1660:Pelvis
1630:Fascia
1592:Muscle
1446:Fascia
1381:Muscle
1356:pelvis
1249:
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965:
917:
907:
899:
853:
754:median
655:supine
611:behind
535:, and
1760:Floor
1107:S2CID
808:Notes
203:Walls
149:[
138:19928
85:Latin
1354:and
1247:ISBN
1225:2018
1158:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1099:PMID
1062:ISBN
1058:1098
1031:ISBN
999:ISBN
963:ISBN
915:PMID
897:ISSN
862:2023
851:PMID
613:the
427:The
314:The
161:The
126:2381
109:TA98
97:MeSH
56:The
1091:doi
995:217
905:PMC
889:doi
435:or
240:of
133:FMA
121:TA2
1830::
1215:.
1119:^
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1097:.
1087:17
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1060:.
1013:^
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885:13
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745:,
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318:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
