Sun Quan - Knowledge

1393:

pulled out of Ruxu, Xiahou Dun could break through. Also, Xiahou Dun's force was simply too large and too well-entrenched to be driven away. Sun Quan had no military options, so he settled on a diplomatic solution. In 217, Sun Quan allied with Cao Cao, recognising him as the legitimate representative of the Han central government. While officially this was a surrender, Cao Cao knew that Sun Quan would not be content with being treated like a subject, so he confirmed all of the titles Sun Quan had claimed for himself and formalised his control over the lands he held. Sun Quan was permitted to continue to rule independently but was now officially one of Cao Cao's subordinates.

1293:

Quan's lines, but Sun Quan's own ships surrounded them and destroyed them. Due to the stalemate in the war, Sun Quan drove a big ship to enter the military camp of Cao Cao on the other side of Yangtze River to observe his enemy situation. Cao Cao was very impressed with the military discipline of his opponent so he said that he should have a child like Sun Quan and didn't launch an attack on this occasion. Sun Quan ordered people to play music on the ship and returned to his camp safely. Ultimately, Lü Meng's defences held and Sun Quan wrote a letter to Cao Cao to warn that the spring rains would come a month later, Cao Cao had to take his advice and pull back.

1153: 1576: 724: 1763:), whom Sun had sent to grant the bestowments and seized their troops. Once that happened, the enraged Sun Quan wanted to personally head north with a fleet to attack Gongsun Yuan, and initially, not even Lu Xun's opposition was able to stop him, although he eventually calmed down and did not follow through. To his credit, he also personally went to Zhang Zhao's house and apologised to him. Further, despite the deterioration in his previous clear thinking, he was still capable of making proper decisions at times. For example, in 235, when, as a sign of contempt, Wei's emperor 49: 1645: 1297:

Cao's control. Zhu Guang began extensive agricultural projects, and he also stirred up bandits and malcontents into rebellion in Sun Quan's territory. Lü Meng feared that if Zhu Guang's programmes were successful, it would make Cao Cao's hold in the area unbreakable and urged for a campaign against Huan. Sun Quan followed Lü Meng's strategy and used the seasonal flooding to travel to the city by boat, which allowed them to attack unexpectedly. Rather than a lengthy siege, Lü Meng,

1704:. The navy was not able to locate Danzhou but located Yizhou, and returned in 231 after capturing several thousand men—but only after 80–90% of the navy had died from illness. Instead of seeing his own fault in this venture, Sun Quan simply executed Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi. Perhaps concerned about this deterioration in Sun Quan's judgment, Sun Deng left the western empire in Lu Xun's hands in 232 and returned to Jianye, and would remain at Jianye until his own death in 241. 1138:(who controlled the northeastern region of Liu Biao's domain) – particularly because Huang Zu had killed his father in battle. He made war on Huang Zu twice in 203 and 207. In 208, he was finally able to defeat and kill Huang Zu in battle, and as a result, he obtained most of the territory of Jiangxia. Soon after, Liu Biao died while Cao Cao was preparing a major campaign to subjugate both Liu Biao and Sun Quan under his control, precipitating a major confrontation. 1413:. While Fancheng did not fall at this time, Guan Yu put it under siege, and the situation was severe enough that Cao Cao considered moving the capital away from Xu. However, Sun Quan, resentful of Guan Yu's prior constant instigation of hostilities (including seizing Sun's food supplies to use for his campaign north), took the opportunity to attack Guan from the rear, and Guan's forces collapsed. Guan Yu was captured by forces under Lü Meng and 1802:, Sun Quan, despite his prior rage against Gongsun, correctly judged the situation as one where he might be able to take advantage if Sima Yi were initially unsuccessful, so he did not immediately refuse Gongsun's request for help. However, as Sima Yi was able to conquer Gongsun Yuan quickly, Sun Quan never launched the major attack that he considered if Sima got stuck in a stalemate with Gongsun. That year, he also recognised how 1240: 1851:, and permitted Sun Ba to have the same staffing level as the crown prince—a move that was objected to by a number of officials as encouraging Sun Ba to compete with Sun He, but Sun Quan did not listen to them. After 245, when Sun He and Sun Ba began to have separate residences, their relationship deteriorated further, and Sun Ba began to scheme at how to seize heir status from Sun He. Fanned by gossip from his daughter 1057:'s behest, he dressed himself in military uniform and set out to visit the commanderies under his brother's control. Many of Sun Ce's subordinates thought that Sun Quan was too young to sustain Sun Ce's domain and wanted to leave. Particularly, Li Shu, the Administrator of Lujiang, defected to Cao Cao. Sun Quan wrote a letter to Cao Cao to state Li Shu's crime then headed his troops to defeat Li Shu and regain Lujiang. 1517:, he would deliver the letter to Lu Xun first (as Lu's post was near the Shu border), and then if, in Lu's opinion, changes were needed, he would revise the letter and then restamp it with Sun's imperial seal. Further, Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin were authorised to coordinate their actions with Shu without prior imperial approval. Sun Quan treated his high-level officials as friends and addressed them accordingly (with 123: 1488: 1221:, and Huang pretended to surrender to Cao Cao in fear. Zhou Yu then sent ships under Huang Gai's command to pretend to surrender and, as Huang's ships approached Cao Cao's fleet, they were set aflame to assault Cao's fleet, and Cao's fleet was largely destroyed by fire. Cao Cao led his forces to escape on land, but much of the force was destroyed by Sun Quan and Liu Bei's land forces. 1255:, to Liu Bei. Zhou Yu was suspicious of Liu Bei's intentions, however, and suggested to Sun Quan that Liu be seized and put under house arrest (albeit be very well-treated) and his forces be merged into Sun's; Sun Quan, believing that Liu Bei's forces would rebel if he did that, declined. Sun Quan did agree to Zhou Yu's plans to consider attacking 1130:, hill tribes which controlled the most southern part of China and outside the reach of the Han government, in order to ensure his realm. Sun Quan launched numerous campaigns against the Shanyue. In 206, he conquered the fortress of Shanyue in Matun and Baodun and captured more than 10,000 men. Furthermore, he gradually sought to harass and weaken 1751:, and further sent a detachment of 10,000 men by sea north to assist Gongsun Yuan in his campaign against Wei, against the advice of nearly every single one of his high-level officials, particularly Zhang Zhao. Once the army arrived, however, Gongsun Yuan betrayed them, killing Sun Quan's officials Zhang Mi ( 1197:. Liu Cong therefore succeeded Liu Biao after his death, and Liu Qi was displeased and considered, but did not carry out, an attack against his brother. Nevertheless, Liu Cong, in fear of having to fight Cao Cao and his brother on two fronts, surrendered to Cao Cao against the advice of Liu Biao's key ally 1541:

again made attacks on Wu, but each time the Wu forces were able to repel Wei's with fair ease—so easily that Cao Pi made the comment, "Heaven created the Yangtze to divide the north and south." However, Sun Quan was himself equally unsuccessful in efforts to make major attacks on Wei. After Cao Pi's

1388:

In 217, Cao Cao brought a massive army to attack Ruxu again. Sun Quan personally led 70,000 men to defend the city, though he left actual command of the battle to Lü Meng. It was a furious campaign, and after several weeks of gruelling battle, Lü Meng's defences held and the spring floods forced Cao

1216:

Sun Quan put Zhou Yu in charge of his 30,000 men, largely stationed on naval ships, and Zhou set up a defensive position in conjunction with Liu Bei, whose army was stationed on land. About this time, there was a plague developing in Cao Cao's forces which significantly weakened it. Zhou Yu set up a

1897:

as the future regent for Sun Liang, even though he correctly had misgivings about how Zhuge Ke was arrogant and had overly high opinions of his own abilities. At that time virtually the entire empire, awed by Zhuge's prior military victories, was convinced that Zhuge would be the correct choice for

1627:

In 229, Sun Quan declared himself emperor, which almost damaged the alliance with Shu, as many Shu officials saw this as a sign of betrayal of the Han dynasty—to which Shu claimed to be the legitimate successor. However, Zhuge Liang opposed ending the alliance and in fact confirmed it with a formal

1296:

After Cao Cao's defeat at Ruxu, many people along the Yangtze River fled south to join Sun Quan. With the exception of Wan County and the immediate area, the region became abandoned. In 214, Cao Cao sent a man named Zhu Guang to Wan County with orders to revitalise the region and bring it under Cao

1052:

Sun Ce was assassinated in 200 during a hunt. On his deathbed, he knew that his son was still too young to be considered a realistic heir, so he entrusted the 18-year-old Sun Quan to his faithful subordinates. Initially, Sun Quan mourned his brother's death so much that he couldn't stop crying, but

902:

describes Sun Quan as a tall man with bright eyes and oblong face. He was known as a wise and outgoing man who was fond of making jokes and playing tricks. Because of his skill in valuing the strength of his subordinates and avoiding their shortcomings, as well as treating them like his family, Sun

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and their clans. Over a prolonged internal power struggle, numerous officials were executed, and Sun Quan harshly settled the conflict between the two factions by exiling Sun He and forcing Sun Ba to commit suicide. Sun Quan died in May 252 at the age of 70 (by East Asian reckoning). He enjoyed the

1529:

greatly and wanted him to be chancellor, Sun Quan declined, reasoning that while he respected Zhang greatly, a chancellor needed to handle all affairs of state, and Zhang, while capable, had such strong opinions that he would surely be in conflict with Sun Quan and other officials at all times. He

1292:

The invasion Lü Meng expected came at the start of 213. Sun Quan personally led the army there to resist Cao Cao and relied heavily on the fortresses Lü Meng built to give his soldiers strong positions from which to defend. At one point, Cao Cao tried to send his navy across the river to break Sun

821:

In winter of that year, the northern warlord Cao Cao led an army of approximately 220,000 to conquer the south to complete the reunification of China. Two distinct factions emerged at his court on how to handle the situation. One, led by Zhang Zhao, urged surrender whilst the other, led by Zhou Yu

1436:

suggested that Cao Pi decline—and in fact attack Sun Quan on a second front, effectively partitioning Sun's domain with Shu, and then eventually seek to destroy Shu as well. Cao Pi declined, in a fateful choice that most historians believe doomed his empire to ruling only the northern and central

1392:

Still, this was not a complete victory. Most of Cao Cao's army was still intact and he had a huge force under Xiahou Dun north of Sun Quan's position. This resulted in a stalemate in which as long as Sun Quan kept his army in Ruxu, Xiahou Dun could not hope to invade him; but as soon as Sun Quan

1212:

Sun Quan was well aware of Cao Cao's intentions, and he quickly entered into an alliance with Liu Bei and Liu Qi to prepare for an attack by Cao. Cao Cao wrote Sun Quan with a letter intending to intimidate, and in face of Cao's overwhelming force (estimated to be about 220,000 men, although Cao

1609:. Sun Quan requested that he provide him with a report on his native country and its people. An expedition was mounted to return the merchant along with 10 female and 10 male "blackish coloured dwarfs" he had requested as a curiosity and a Chinese officer who, unfortunately, died en route. 1743:) as punishment. Just as Yu Fan predicted, however, the venture would end in failure—as Zhou He and Pei Qian, on their way back, were intercepted by Wei forces and killed. Regretting his actions, Sun Quan tried to recall Yu Fan back to Jianye, only to learn that Yu had died in exile. 773:, Sun Quan was much younger than they were and governed his state mostly separate of politics and ideology. He is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he adopted a flexible foreign policy between his two rivals with the goal of pursuing the greatest interests for the country. 1862:

In 250, fed up with Sun Ba's constant attacks against Sun He, Sun Quan carried out an inexplicable combination of actions. He forced Sun Ba to commit suicide, while deposing Sun He (who had not been shown to have committed any crimes), and instead creating his youngest son,

1271:

to submit to him, and they became part of his domain. He then yielded parts of northern Jing Province to Liu Bei as well, agreeing with Liu that the south was insufficient to supply his troops. At the same time, Sun Quan appointed his subordinate Bu Zhi as the Inspector

1213:

claimed 800,000, against Sun's 30,000 and the Lius' combined force of 10,000), many of Sun's subordinates, including Zhang Zhao, advocated surrender. Sun Quan refused, under advice from Zhou Yu and Lu Su that Cao Cao would surely not tolerate him even if he surrendered.

2673:.) His death date corresponds to 252, while the 7th month of the 2nd year of Taiyuan corresponds to 22 August to 20 September 252 in the Gregorian calendar. As he was 69 when he died in 252, by calculation his year of birth was 182. However, his biography in 1855:, Sun Quan blamed Sun He's mother Consort Wang for this—and she died in fear. He also cut off Sun He and Sun Ba's access to the officials who supported them in hopes of receiving future favours, but this could not stop Sun Ba's machinations. Indeed, when 1746:

The next year, however, Sun Quan would have yet another misadventure in his dealings with Gongsun Yuan, as Gongsun sent messengers to him, offering to be his subject. Sun Quan was ecstatic, and appointed Gongsun Yuan the Prince of Yan and granted him the

1901:

In 252, as Sun Quan neared death, Empress Pan was murdered, but how she was murdered remains a controversy. Wu officials claimed that her servants, unable to stand her temper, strangled her while she was asleep, while a number of historians, including

1432:. Immediately, Liu Bei planned a campaign against Sun Quan to avenge Guan Yu. After attempting to negotiate peace and receiving no positive response from Liu Bei, fearing attack on both sides, Sun Quan became a vassal of Wei. Cao Pi's strategist 1034:, the men he met during his schooldays, later became ministers of Eastern Wu. He was loved by his brother Sun Ce, who said that he would put his men under Sun Quan's management in the future. In 199, Sun Quan was promoted to the rank of Colonel ( 1875:), but Zhu Ju's pleas not only did not help Sun He, but also resulted in his own death, as Sun Quan forced him to commit suicide. Many other officials who also opposed the move, as well as officials who had supported Sun Ba, were executed. 2668:

also recorded that he was buried in the 7th month of the same year. He became King of Wu when he was 40 and ruled for 7 years, became Emperor of Wu when he was 47 and ruled for 24 years, and died when he was 70. (His ages are in terms of

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Early in Sun Quan's reign, the Wu administration was known for its efficiency, as Sun showed a knack for listening to correct advice and for delegating authorities to the proper individuals. For example, he correctly trusted the faithful

1122:

also became his men. Throughout this period and decades to come, Sun Quan's leadership would be characterised by his ability to find men of character and entrust important matters to him, and his ability to react swiftly to events.

1889:, who was created empress posthumously after her death in 238). Later that year, however, he realised that Sun He was blameless and wanted to recall him from his exile, but was persuaded not to do so by his daughter Sun Luban and 792:

in 200, the 18-year-old Sun Quan inherited the lands southeast of the Yangtze River from his brother. His administration proved to be relatively stable in those early years as Sun Jian and Sun Ce's most senior officers, such as

1368:

was received by Liu Bei, and he requested for a border treaty with Sun Quan as he became worried about Cao Cao seizing Hanzhong. Liu Bei asked Sun Quan to give him back Lingling Commandery and create a diversion for Cao Cao by

809:

supported the succession. Thus throughout the 200s, Sun Quan, under the tutelage of his able advisers, continued to build up his strength along the Yangtze River. In early 207, his forces finally won complete victory over

1767:

offered horses to him in exchange for pearls, jade, and tortoise shells, Sun Quan ignored the implicit insult and made the exchange, reasoning that his empire needed horses much more than pearls, jade or tortoise shells.

1428:. Sun Quan did not immediately submit to Wei or declare independence after Cao Pi's enthronement, but took a wait-and-see attitude; by contrast, in early 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor, establishing the state of 1082:), a title under which he would be known for a long time. He listened carefully to his mother Lady Wu's encouraging words, and greatly trusted Zhang Zhao and Zhang Hong with regard to civilian affairs and Zhou Yu, 1806:, the supervisor of the audit bureau, had been abusing his powers, and had Lü Yi executed; he then further confirmed his trust in the high-level officials by personally writing an emotional letter to Zhuge Jin, 826:, opposed capitulation. Eventually, Sun Quan decided to oppose Cao Cao in the middle Yangtze with his superior riverine forces. Allied with Liu Bei and employing the combined strategies of Zhou Yu and 931:. Sun Quan was born in 182, while his father Sun Jian was still a low-ranking official of the Han dynasty. He was the second son of Sun Jian and his wife Lady Wu; he had two younger full brothers, 999:, the administrator of Lujiang in 194. He felt worried that they would attack him further so he drove Wu Jing away from Danyang. Since Sun Quan and his mother were still in Liu Yao's territory, 1018:

magistrate in 196, at the age of 14, and continued to rise through the ranks as his brother gave him more and more important tasks. Since he was passionate about gathering the retainers like

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tried to intervene to protect Sun He, Sun Ba falsely accused him of many crimes, and Sun Quan became provoked so much that he repeatedly rebuked Lu Xun, causing him to die in frustration.

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Around this time, Sun Quan also had his generals destroy a number of levees near the border with Wei, creating large areas of flooding, in order to obstruct potential attacks from Wei.

1452:

dealt Liu Bei a major defeat, stopping the Shu offensive. Shu would not again pose a threat to Sun Quan from that point on. Later that year, when Cao Pi demanded that Sun Quan send his

903:

Quan was able to delegate authority to capable figures. This primary strength served him well in gaining the support of the common people and surrounding himself with capable generals.

1521:), and in accordance they dedicated all effort to Wu's preservation. He also knew what were the proper roles for officials that he trusted; for example, in 225, when selecting a 3347: 1628:

treaty later that year, in which the two states pledged to support each other and divide Wei equally if they could conquer it. Later that year, Sun Quan moved his capital from

4319: 3681: 1285:. This new location gave him better control of the Yangtze River and better communications with his various other commanders. He also constructed fortresses at Ruxu, since 1086:, and Lü Fan with regard to military matters. Sun Quan also sought out talented young men to serve as his personal advisors, and it was around this time that he befriended 1620:, who led a large army south to support Zhou Fang. He walked into the trap set by Zhou Fang and Lu Xun and suffered major losses, but was saved from total annihilation by 3972: 1040:) and followed his brother to conquer Lujiang and Yuzhang. While Cao Cao attempted to further reinforce the alliance with Sun Ce, both Sun Quan and his younger brother 3701: 1839:

died—an event that left open the issue of succession and appeared to mark the start of a precipitous decline in Sun Quan's mental health. In 242, he appointed his son

765:, in 200. He declared formal independence and ruled from November 222 to May 229 as the King of Wu and from May 229 to May 252 as the Emperor of Wu. Unlike his rivals 1893:, who had supported Sun Liang's ascension. He realised that he was getting very old (69 by this point) and, at Sun Jun's recommendation, commissioned Zhuge Jin's son 3691: 3876: 3706: 1821:

In 241, Sun Quan would launch the last major assault against Wei of his reign, in light of Cao Rui's death in 239, but he rejected a strategy offered by Yin Zha (

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even though, while he was young, Lü Fan had informed to Sun Ce about his improper spending habits, understanding that Lü did so only out of loyalty to Sun Ce.

1783:, with the strategy of trying to attract Wei relief forces and then attacking them. However, Wei generals correctly saw the situation and simply let Sun Quan 3806: 1437:

China—and this chance would not come again. Indeed, against Liu Ye's advice, on 23 September 221 he appointed Sun Quan the King of Wu and granted him the

1267:) to try to take over their territories, but after Zhou Yu died in 210, the plans were abandoned. However, Sun Quan was able to persuade the warlords in 3826: 3641: 3142: 1006:

When Sun Ce defeated Liu Yao in 195, he ordered Chen Bao to bring his family back to Danyang. As Sun Quan grew up, he served his brother during the

1278:) of Jiao Province to replace Lai Gong. Shi Xie led his followers to submit to Bu Zhi's governorship. Sun Quan took over the entire Jiao Province. 1201:. Liu Bei, unwilling to submit to Cao Cao, fled south. Cao caught up to him and crushed his forces, but Liu Bei escaped with his life; he fled to 3311: 1546:, but was forced to withdraw as soon as Wei reinforcements arrived. However, later that year, he was able to increase his effective control over 3947: 3378: 2592: 1251:. Liu Bei marched south and took over the southern half. The Sun-Liu alliance was further cemented by a marriage of Sun Quan's younger sister, 849:. At first Sun Quan nominally served as a Wei vassal with the Wei-created title of King of Wu, but after Cao Pi demanded that he send his son 864:

After the death of his original crown prince, Sun Deng, two opposing factions supporting different potential successors slowly emerged. When

4375: 4172: 3896: 3751: 3343: 2876: 2820: 1818:, blaming himself for the recent problems with his administration while urging them to speak out honestly whenever they saw faults in him. 1424:

After Cao Cao's death in 220, Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian to yield the throne to him, ending the Han dynasty and establishing the state of

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In 211, Sun Quan moves his headquarters from Dantu to the city of Moling, and in the next year he rebuilt the walls and renamed the city

780:

served as the adjutant of Xiapi County. After Sun Jian's death in the early 190s, he and his family lived at various cities on the lower

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After Sun Jian's death in 191, the Sun family moved again to Jiangdu in order to mourn him. Two years later, Sun Ce decided to join

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day of the 4th month of the 2nd year of the Taiyuan era of his reign; this corresponds to 21 May 252 on the Julian calendar. The

1616:

pretended to be surrendering to Wei after pretending to have been punished repeatedly by Sun Quan. This tricked the Wei general

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favoured (because he had married her niece). After Huang Zu's death, Liu Qi was therefore given Huang's post as the governor of

1612:

The one major victory that Wu would have over Wei during this period came in 228, when, with Sun Quan's approval, his general

4365: 3327: 3135: 2610: 1772: 1509:, so much so that he made a duplicate imperial seal and left it with Lu Xun; whenever he would correspond with Shu's emperor 2825:(internet ed.). Rafe de Crespigny Publications, Australian National University Faculty of Asian Studies. Archived from 1660:

In 230, however, the first sign of the deterioration of Sun Quan's reign occurred. That year, he sent his generals Wei Wen (

1479:, reestablished the alliance with Sun Quan, and the two states would remain allies until Shu's eventual destruction in 263. 788:

region, based on his own followers and a number of local clan allegiances. When Sun Ce was assassinated by the retainers of

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and Guan Yu led 30,000 men to Yiyang. When an all-out war was about to break out, the news that Cao Cao planned to attack

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indicated that he was 71 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died in the 4th month of the 2nd year of the Taiyuan era.

1827:) to attack Wei in coordinated effort with Shu on four different fronts, and the campaign ended in failure as well. 1560:) and end the effective independence that the Shi clan had. In addition, the several independent kingdoms in modern 63: 4370: 3291: 3283: 3128: 2776:"East Asian History Sourcebook: Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E." 1181:

At the end of 208. After Liu Biao's death, a succession struggle for his domain came into being, between his sons

4248: 3473: 1385:. Sun Quan's attack on Hefei was disastrous - he was nearly captured on one occasion, if not saved by Ling Tong. 1234: 4385: 1795: 636: 505: 966:

and younger brothers to Shu County, Zhou Yu's hometown. There, the Sun family became acquainted with Zhou Yu.

4350: 3364: 3323: 2860: 2804: 913: 898: 519: 4345: 1780: 1157: 301: 4395: 4390: 1885:(previously, he had a succession of wives, but never made any of them empress, except for his favourite, 1152: 563: 4400: 4258: 3438: 2203: 1636:, leaving his crown prince Sun Deng, assisted by Lu Xun, in charge of the western parts of Eastern Wu. 1613: 1182: 1068:, also returned from Cao's domain to assist Sun Quan. At Zhang Hong's request, Cao Cao, in the name of 963: 485: 265: 4097: 2501: 1925: 1924:), and Sun Liang succeeded him. Sun Quan was buried in August or September 252 in a mausoleum at the 1230: 241: 1605:(Chinese-controlled northern Vietnam). The Prefect of Jiaozhou sent him to the court of Sun Quan in 4157: 3468: 3275: 2670: 2615: 2068: 1921: 1890: 1061: 1060:

Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu saw special qualities in the young man and chose to stay to serve Sun Quan.

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Mirror with Immortals and Mythical Beast. Cast in 229, the year Sun Quan declared himself emperor.

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as an emissary to demand for the return of Jing Province, but Liu Bei refused. Sun Quan then sent

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as a hostage (to guarantee his loyalty), Sun Quan refused and declared independence (by changing

1449: 1433: 1095: 1054: 943: 869: 798: 2826: 1575: 4182: 4167: 4062: 3871: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3271: 1370: 1260: 1186: 841:, King of Wei, Cao Cao's son and successor, seized the throne and proclaimed himself to be the 74: 1916:, believed that top Wu officials were complicit, as they feared that she would seize power as 1707:

In 232, Sun Quan had another misadventure involving his navy—as he sent his generals Zhou He (

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longest reign among all the founders of the Three Kingdoms and was succeeded by his son,

2775: 4263: 3555: 3539: 2782: 2119: 1522: 1445: 1365: 761:

of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by his elder brother,

672: 664: 2534:, there is also a Sun Quan hero that players can select at the beginning of the game. 1791:

personally arrive with reinforcements, and Sun withdrew, as did Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin.

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Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC – AD 305

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For the next several years, Sun Quan was largely interested in expanding against the

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to lead 20,000 men to attack southern Jing Province and they succeeded in capturing

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and he refused. In November 222, he declared himself independent by changing his

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there is a card based on Sun Quan named “Ancient Warriors- Masterful Sun Mou.”

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against Wei, Sun Quan personally led a major attack against Wei's border city

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Immediately after Cao Cao withdrew, Sun Quan took over the northern half of

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In 251, Sun Quan created the first empress of his reign—Sun Liang's mother

1844: 1720: 1594: 1493: 1453: 1094:, who would later play prominent roles in his administration. In addition, 1003:

sent people to rescue them. Sun Quan and his mother moved to Fuling later.

681: 549: 275: 127: 27: 1867:, crown prince to replace Sun He. This move was opposed by his son-in-law 1190: 285: 3590: 3463: 2960: 2871: 2530: 1943: 1514: 1472: 1464: 1382: 1309: 858: 846: 440: 213: 20: 4289: 4268: 4253: 4232: 4222: 3631: 3448: 3388: 3229: 3058: 3012: 3003: 2985: 2969: 2925: 2887: 2576: 2450: 1975: 1907: 1903: 1305:

led a quick strike and broke Zhu Guang's defences, capturing the city.

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A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms 23–220 AD

1700:, to seek to conquer them, despite strenuous opposition of Lu Xun and 1317: 1286: 861:. It was not until May 229 that he formally declared himself emperor. 19:"Taizu of Wu" redirects here. For the tenth-century Prince of Wu, see 4294: 4217: 4047: 4042: 3982: 3922: 3524: 3407: 3242: 3112: 3068: 3022: 2799: 2563: 2539: 1993: 1961: 1864: 1852: 1701: 1629: 1506: 1414: 1321: 1302: 1218: 1171: 1091: 1019: 947: 936: 890: 881: 827: 629: 350: 344: 161: 131: 4022: 4012: 3504: 2269: 1815: 1551: 1531: 1072:

who was controlled by Cao Cao at the time, commissioned Sun Quan as

974: 917:

mentioned that Sun Jian was a descendant of Sun Wu (better known as

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after Sun Quan's death. On 252, Sun Quan died at the age of 70 (by

1894: 1872: 1633: 1561: 1510: 1476: 1374: 1341: 1333: 1325: 1298: 1282: 1252: 1202: 1135: 1131: 1119: 1115: 1083: 1023: 970: 955: 873: 818:, who dominated the middle Yangtze. Huang Zu was killed in battle. 815: 811: 806: 785: 777: 650: 475: 355: 260: 229: 4017: 1239: 995:) of Yang Province became angry when Sun Ce and Yuan Shu defeated 4299: 4212: 4202: 4117: 4092: 4067: 4032: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3836: 3771: 3741: 3711: 3671: 3626: 3560: 3519: 3443: 3417: 3412: 3252: 3247: 3214: 3206: 3191: 3181: 3168: 3160: 2635: 2147: 2115: 2018: 1886: 1811: 1799: 1788: 1764: 1740: 1617: 1606: 1602: 1569: 1460: 1429: 1425: 1410: 1402: 1378: 1351: 1329: 1264: 1198: 1127: 1111: 1103: 1065: 1031: 1027: 1000: 959: 918: 854: 794: 789: 781: 770: 766: 688: 460: 338: 332: 255: 1542:

death in 226, for example, Sun Quan launched an attack on Wei's

1467:), thus establishing Eastern Wu as an independent state. Cao Pi 1312:, he was able to supply his troops on his own, so Sun Quan sent 868:

succeeded Sun Deng as the new crown prince, he was supported by

122: 16:

King and founding Emperor of the Eastern Wu kingdom (r. 222–252)

4127: 3952: 3846: 3801: 3726: 3696: 3676: 3666: 3651: 3600: 3595: 3575: 3570: 3514: 3176: 2175: 2084: 1868: 1848: 1807: 1736: 1728: 1697: 1693: 1538: 1099: 1041: 1015: 932: 885: 877: 838: 762: 326: 3967: 3851: 3656: 1776: 1598: 1337: 1313: 1175: 1087: 823: 696: 2699:夏四月乙未，帝崩於內殿， ... 秋七月，葬蔣陵， ... 案，帝四十即吳王位，七年；四十七即帝位，二十四年，年七十崩。 1487: 2468: 1565: 1381:

commanderies to Sun Quan, setting the new border along the

1064:, whom Sun Ce had earlier sent as a liaison to the warlord 1044:

were invited to be officials in Xuchang, but they refused.

954:

to quell the rebellion and allocated his family to stay in

939:, and a younger full sister, whose identity is unrecorded. 2709: 1421:

came under Sun's control, and the Sun-Liu alliance ended.

950:

broke out across the country. Sun Jian joined the general

1847:. However, he also favoured another son by Consort Wang, 1026:, his fame soon approached his father and elder brother. 669: 655: 641: 2528:

In the selection of hero cards in the Chinese card game

1217:

trap where he pretended to be punishing his subordinate

620: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2519:

there is a card named "Sun Quan, Lord of Wu", in the

2029:), in 229, a son of Quan Rou and had issue (two sons) 2008:, 229–258), personal name Luban (魯班), first daughter 596: 582: 568: 554: 2641: 1396: 1209:, and appeared set on finally unifying the empire. 3386: 3150: 2566:as a child, in the 2010 Chinese television series 1787:. Only after Sun Quan's food supplies ran low did 784:, until Sun Ce carved out a warlord regime in the 2774:Paul Halsall (2000) . Jerome S. Arkenberg (ed.). 2743: 2741: 1771:In 234, in coordination with Zhuge Liang's final 977:to take his family members to his maternal uncle 4337: 845:, ending and succeeding the nominal rule of the 2486:Sun Quan also appears in the mobile video game 1224: 942:In 184, two years after Sun Quan was born, the 2769: 2767: 2765: 2738: 1731:—and indeed, he exiled Yu Fan to the desolate 1656:1900, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art 1354:) and took over command of the army at Lukou ( 3372: 3136: 2908: 2697: 2454: 2273: 2258: 2243: 2238: 2226: 2214: 2209: 2195: 2179: 2167: 2162: 2151: 2139: 2134: 2123: 2107: 2102: 2088: 2062: 2053: 2044: 2038: 2024: 2012: 2003: 1997: 1985: 1979: 1965: 1953: 1947: 1822: 1758: 1752: 1714: 1708: 1687: 1681: 1667: 1661: 1555: 1475:, the regent for Liu Bei's son and successor 1355: 1345: 1273: 1161: 1077: 1035: 990: 741: 524: 510: 185: 111: 2877:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms 2833: 2815: 2773: 2715: 2467:Sun Quan appears as a playable character in 2049:), personal name Luyu (魯育), third daughter 1727:, to purchase horses, against the advice of 1289:anticipated an invasion there from Cao Cao. 178:23 September 221 – 23 May 229 2762: 1779:, while having Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin attack 958:. When Sun Quan's elder brother Sun Ce met 3379: 3365: 3143: 3129: 962:in 189, Sun Ce decided to take his mother 830:, they defeated Cao Cao decisively at the 121: 2499:Sun Quan is also a playable character in 93:Learn how and when to remove this message 2595:, in the 2017 Chinese television series 2554:, in the 2010 Chinese television series 2449:There is a song named after Sun Quan in 2023:Married Quan Cong, Marquis of Qiantang ( 1643: 1574: 1554:was able to defeat the warlord Shi Hui ( 1525:, while the key officials all respected 1486: 1238: 1151: 906: 56:This article includes a list of general 2431: 2405: 2383: 2357: 2335: 2309: 1141: 4338: 2546: 1530:also repeatedly promoted his official 671: 598: 153:23 May 229 – 21 May 252 3493:Princes, princesses and royal figures 3360: 3124: 2611:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms 2439: 2052:Married Zhu Ju, Marquis of Yunyang ( 1871:(the husband of Sun Quan's daughter 1263:(who controlled the modern southern 1047: 42: 4376:Political office-holders in Jiangsu 2660:recorded that Sun Quan died on the 2505:as part of the Sun family faction. 776:Sun Quan was born while his father 13: 2634:Until November 222 as a vassal of 2133:Consort Zhong, of the Zhong clan ( 62:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 4412: 4381:Political office-holders in Hubei 1676:to seek the legendary islands of 1672:) with a navy of 10,000 into the 1397:Breaking of alliance with Liu Bei 1591:the arrival in 226 of a merchant 853:as a hostage to the Wei capital 47: 2583:'s 2008 two-part epic war film 1835:Later in 241, the crown prince 1639: 1572:all became Wu vassals as well. 1409:, scoring a major victory over 697: 670: 656: 642: 621: 199:December 219 – 23 September 221 3100:Reason for succession failure: 2909: 2721: 2698: 2690: 2628: 2462: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2399: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2351: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2161:Consort Xie, of the Xie clan ( 1952:, d. 252), personal name Shu ( 1794:In 238, when Gongsun Yuan was 1753: 1482: 1360:). Liu Bei personally went to 1189:, whom Liu Biao's second wife 1078: 1074:General Who Attacks Barbarians 597: 583: 569: 555: 525: 511: 1: 3312:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 2900: 2861:Romance of the Three Kingdoms 2805:Records of the Three Kingdoms 2684: 2537:In the collectible card game 2513:In the collectible card game 2508: 2081:, of the Wang clan (大懿皇后王氏) 1830: 1653: 1469:launched a major attack on Wu 914:Records of the Three Kingdoms 899:Records of the Three Kingdoms 4366:3rd-century Chinese monarchs 4249:Lady Sun (Sun Jian's sister) 2284: 1719:) to the nominal Wei vassal 1350:) with 10,000 men (to block 1308:After Liu Bei's conquest of 1225:Uneasy alliance with Liu Bei 1205:. Cao Cao took over most of 317:Sun Lü, Marquis of Jianchang 7: 2604: 2067:) in 250 and had issues (a 1389:Cao to retreat once again. 1373:; in return, Liu Bei ceded 1235:Sun–Liu territorial dispute 1010:of the region south of the 312:Sun Deng, Crown Prince Xuan 10: 4417: 1984:), personal name Lianshi ( 1935: 1491:Portrait of Sun Quan from 1405:advanced north, attacking 1228: 1145: 814:, a military leader under 25: 18: 4282: 4241: 3915: 3614: 3548: 3492: 3426: 3395: 3261: 3228: 3205: 3159: 3109: 3082: 3074: 3067: 3049: 3042: 3036: 3029: 3019: 3010: 2994: 2976: 2967: 2951: 2946: 2919: 2502:Total War: Three Kingdoms 2455: 2394: 2346: 2274: 2259: 2244: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2210: 2196: 2180: 2168: 2163: 2152: 2140: 2135: 2124: 2108: 2103: 2089: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2039: 2025: 2013: 2004: 1998: 1986: 1980: 1966: 1954: 1948: 1931: 1823: 1759: 1715: 1709: 1688: 1682: 1668: 1662: 1648:As depicted in the album 1556: 1356: 1346: 1274: 1231:Battle of Jiangling (208) 1162: 1036: 991: 742: 712: 708: 687: 680: 663: 649: 635: 628: 614: 607: 590: 576: 562: 548: 541: 536: 532: 518: 504: 499: 495: 491: 481: 471: 459: 448: 446: 439: 432: 430: 423: 413: 406: 399: 392: 385: 378: 373: 368: 364: 322:Sun He, Prince of Nanyang 294: 248: 236: 219: 207: 203: 195: 186: 182: 174: 167: 157: 149: 138: 120: 112: 107: 3427:Empresses and noblewomen 2921:Emperor Da of Eastern Wu 2671:East Asian age reckoning 2621: 2616:List of Chinese monarchs 2444: 2278:孫慮, 213–232), second son 2272:, Marquis of Jianchang ( 1970:, 245–260), seventh son 1922:East Asian age reckoning 1843:, born to Consort Wang, 1417:; Guan Yu was executed, 1336:commanderies. Meantime, 1170:(25-220 AD), located in 923:Spring and Autumn period 506:Traditional Chinese 130:portrait of Sun Quan by 4371:Politicians from Xuzhou 2459:(Sun Quan The Emperor) 2263:孫登, 209–241), first son 2128:孫休, 235–264), sixth son 2093:孫和, 224–253), third son 1938:Eastern Wu family trees 1650:Portraits of Famous Men 944:Yellow Turban Rebellion 921:), a militarist in the 520:Simplified Chinese 77:more precise citations. 2747:Gary K. Young (2001), 2579:portrayed Sun Quan in 2184:; d. 250), fourth son 2156:孫奮, d. 270), fifth son 1657: 1580: 1497: 1244: 1178: 1160:, from Dahuting Tomb ( 973:'s army so he ordered 4386:Generals from Jiangsu 3085:— TITULAR — 3013:Emperor of Eastern Wu 2986:Emperor of Eastern Wu 2822:Generals of the South 2598:The Advisors Alliance 2522:Portal Three Kingdoms 2257:, Crown Prince Xuan ( 2237:, of the Zhao clan ( 2087:, Prince of Nanyang ( 1906:, the commentator to 1647: 1578: 1490: 1448:, Sun Quan's general 1242: 1229:Further information: 1155: 907:Early life and career 753:, was the founder of 748:posthumously known as 733:; 182 – 21 May 252), 335:, Marquis of Zhang'an 183:Marquis of Nanchang ( 4351:Han dynasty warlords 3387:Prominent people of 3044:Marquis of Nanchang 2516:Magic: The Gathering 2489:Puzzle & Dragons 2225:, of the Yuan clan ( 2101:, of the Wang clan ( 1964:, Prince of Kuaiji ( 1344:advanced to Yiyang ( 1158:chariots and cavalry 1148:Battle of Red Cliffs 1142:Battle of Red Cliffs 1134:'s key subordinate, 832:Battle of Red Cliffs 347:, Marquis of Houguan 4346:Eastern Wu emperors 3078:Emperor Xian of Han 2716:de Crespigny (2007) 2547:Film and television 2494:Three Kingdoms Gods 2483:video game series. 2194:, of the Xie clan ( 2061:Married Liu Zuan ( 1946:, of the Pan clan ( 1773:northern expedition 1725:Liaodong Commandery 1544:Jiangxia Commandery 1459:to the Wei capital 1243:Statue of Sun Quan. 1195:Jiangxia Commandery 1168:Eastern Han dynasty 351:Grand Princess Quan 4396:Family of Sun Quan 4391:Burials in Nanjing 4264:Lady Sun (Yu clan) 3474:Empress Dowager He 3069:Titles in pretence 2835:de Crespigny, Rafe 2817:de Crespigny, Rafe 2783:Fordham University 2727:(权生，方颐大口，目有精光...) 2440:In popular culture 2208:, of the Xu clan ( 2011:Married Zhou Xun ( 1978:, of the Bu clan ( 1658: 1581: 1498: 1446:Battle of Xiaoting 1245: 1179: 925:and the author of 876:, while his rival 341:, Prince of Langya 4401:Founding monarchs 4333: 4332: 3916:Military officers 3354: 3353: 3173: 3119: 3118: 3110:Succeeded by 3087: 3063: 3050:Succeeded by 3020:Succeeded by 3008: 2990: 2977:Succeeded by 2965: 2841:. Leiden: Brill. 1798:by Wei's general 1733:Cangwu Commandery 1666:) and Zhuge Zhi ( 1550:when his general 1048:Succeeding Sun Ce 880:was supported by 716: 715: 704: 703: 637:Yale Romanization 543:Standard Mandarin 455: 454: 227:(aged 69–70) 103: 102: 95: 4408: 3535:Sun Huan (Shuwu) 3459:Empress Jinghuai 3381: 3374: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3171: 3151:Emperors of the 3145: 3138: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3107: 3101: 3092:Emperor of China 3083: 3075:Preceded by 3054: 3037:Preceded by 3031:Chinese nobility 2999: 2995:Preceded by 2981: 2956: 2952:Preceded by 2942: 2935: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2902: 2858:(14th century). 2852: 2830: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2771: 2760: 2745: 2736: 2729:Jiang Biao Zhuan 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2678: 2654: 2639: 2632: 2575:Taiwanese actor 2474:Dynasty Warriors 2458: 2457: 2433: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2407: 2401: 2396: 2385: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2337: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2311: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2277: 2276: 2262: 2261: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2199: 2198: 2183: 2182: 2178:, Prince of Lu ( 2171: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2155: 2154: 2150:, Prince of Qi ( 2143: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2127: 2126: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2099:Empress Jianghui 2092: 2091: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2028: 2027: 2016: 2015: 2007: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1982: 1969: 1968: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1826: 1825: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1749:nine bestowments 1735:(roughly modern 1723:, in control of 1718: 1717: 1713:) and Pei Qian ( 1712: 1711: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1655: 1559: 1558: 1537:In 224 and 225, 1439:nine bestowments 1359: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1277: 1276: 1185:and younger son 1165: 1164: 1156:A mural showing 1081: 1080: 1039: 1038: 994: 993: 989:, the Governor ( 843:Emperor of China 751:Emperor Da of Wu 745: 744: 732: 731: 730: 728: 700: 699: 676: 675: 674: 659: 658: 645: 644: 624: 623: 603: 602: 601: 586: 585: 572: 571: 558: 557: 534: 533: 528: 527: 514: 513: 450: 434: 415: 408: 401: 394: 387: 380: 366: 365: 305: 281:Empress Jinghuai 226: 190: 189: 188: 125: 116: 115: 114: 108:Emperor Da of Wu 105: 104: 98: 91: 87: 84: 78: 73:this article by 64:inline citations 51: 50: 43: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4278: 4237: 3911: 3610: 3544: 3488: 3422: 3391: 3385: 3355: 3350: 3257: 3224: 3201: 3155: 3149: 3115: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3088: 3080: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3025: 3016: 2998: 2980: 2973: 2955: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2874:(5th century). 2849: 2802:(3rd century). 2796: 2787: 2785: 2772: 2763: 2746: 2739: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2655: 2642: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2607: 2549: 2511: 2492:as part of the 2480:Warriors Orochi 2465: 2447: 2442: 2287: 2266:Second Princess 1940: 1934: 1926:Purple Mountain 1918:empress dowager 1833: 1686:) and Danzhou ( 1642: 1568:, and southern 1485: 1444:In 222, at the 1399: 1371:attacking Hefei 1237: 1227: 1150: 1144: 1050: 1016:Yangxian County 909: 726: 723: 722: 564:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 425:Posthumous name 419: 360: 299: 298: 290: 244: 242:Purple Mountain 228: 224: 212: 184: 134: 110: 109: 99: 88: 82: 79: 69:Please help to 68: 52: 48: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4414: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 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3021: 3018: 3009: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2978: 2975: 2966: 2959:as Marquis of 2953: 2949: 2948: 2947:Regnal titles 2944: 2943: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2905:Jiankang Shilu 2903:8th century). 2897: 2893:Zizhi Tongjian 2885: 2869: 2853: 2848:978-9004156050 2847: 2831: 2829:on 2007-06-07. 2813: 2795: 2794: 2761: 2737: 2731:annotation in 2720: 2718:, p. 772. 2708: 2704:Jiankang Shilu 2688: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2658:Jiankang Shilu 2640: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2606: 2603: 2569:Three Kingdoms 2557:Three Kingdoms 2548: 2545: 2510: 2507: 2464: 2461: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2410: 2388: 2362: 2340: 2314: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2267: 2264: 2249: 2232: 2220: 2201: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2059: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2021: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1930: 1913:Zizhi Tongjian 1832: 1829: 1757:) and Xu Yan ( 1674:East China Sea 1641: 1638: 1519:courtesy names 1484: 1481: 1398: 1395: 1362:Gong'an County 1226: 1223: 1166:) of the late 1146:Main article: 1143: 1140: 1049: 1046: 1014:. He was made 928:The Art of War 908: 905: 759:Three Kingdoms 714: 713: 710: 709: 706: 705: 702: 701: 694: 685: 684: 678: 677: 667: 661: 660: 653: 647: 646: 639: 633: 632: 630:Yue: Cantonese 626: 625: 618: 612: 611: 605: 604: 594: 588: 587: 580: 574: 573: 566: 560: 559: 552: 546: 545: 539: 538: 537:Transcriptions 530: 529: 522: 516: 515: 508: 502: 501: 497: 496: 493: 492: 489: 488: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 468: 463: 457: 456: 453: 452: 444: 443: 437: 436: 428: 427: 421: 420: 418: 417: 410: 403: 396: 389: 382: 374: 371: 370: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 348: 342: 336: 330: 329:, Prince of Lu 324: 319: 314: 308: 306: 302:(among others) 292: 291: 289: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 252: 250: 246: 245: 240: 238: 234: 233: 221: 217: 216: 209: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 136: 135: 126: 118: 117: 101: 100: 55: 53: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4413: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 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2886: 2883: 2882:Sanguozhi zhu 2879: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2856:Luo Guanzhong 2854: 2850: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2758: 2757:0-415-24219-3 2754: 2750: 2744: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2712: 2705: 2693: 2689: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2460: 2452: 2434: 2428: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2380: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2236: 2233: 2224: 2221: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2160: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2132: 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1367: 1363: 1353: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1270: 1269:Jiao Province 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:Jing Province 1241: 1236: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1207:Jing Province 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1045: 1043: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:Yangtze River 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 938: 934: 930: 929: 924: 920: 916: 915: 904: 901: 900: 894: 892: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 837:In late 220, 835: 833: 829: 825: 819: 817: 813: 808: 804: 800: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 757:, one of the 756: 752: 749: 739: 736: 735:courtesy name 729: 727:pronunciation 720: 711: 707: 695: 693: 690: 686: 683: 679: 673: 668: 666: 662: 654: 652: 648: 640: 638: 634: 631: 627: 619: 617: 613: 610: 606: 600: 595: 593: 589: 581: 579: 575: 567: 565: 561: 553: 551: 547: 544: 540: 535: 531: 523: 521: 517: 509: 507: 503: 498: 494: 490: 487: 486:Empress Wulie 484: 480: 477: 474: 470: 467: 464: 462: 458: 445: 442: 438: 429: 426: 422: 411: 404: 397: 390: 383: 376: 375: 372: 367: 363: 357: 354: 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 304: 303: 297: 293: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 222: 218: 215: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 181: 177: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 119: 106: 97: 94: 86: 83:November 2019 76: 72: 66: 65: 59: 54: 45: 44: 39: 38: 33: 29: 22: 4242:Others women 3682:Huang Xiang 3479:Teng Fanglan 3454:Empress Dayi 3402: 3300:N. Dynasties 3296:S. Dynasties 3237: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3056: 3055: 3043: 3011: 3001: 3000: 2983: 2982: 2968: 2958: 2957: 2938: 2931: 2926:House of Sun 2924: 2904: 2891: 2881: 2875: 2866:Sanguo Yanyi 2865: 2859: 2838: 2827:the original 2821: 2809: 2803: 2786:. Retrieved 2778: 2748: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2711: 2703: 2692: 2674: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2630: 2596: 2593:Deng Haifeng 2591: 2584: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2512: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2448: 2430: 2424: 2412: 2404: 2398: 2390: 2382: 2376: 2364: 2356: 2350: 2342: 2334: 2328: 2316: 2308: 2302: 2290: 2234: 2222: 2204: 2190: 2120:Emperor Jing 2079:Empress Dayi 2035:Princess Zhu 2017:), a son of 1911: 1900: 1880: 1877: 1861: 1845:crown prince 1834: 1820: 1796:under attack 1793: 1770: 1745: 1721:Gongsun Yuan 1706: 1659: 1649: 1640:Middle reign 1626: 1611: 1595:Roman Empire 1584: 1582: 1536: 1499: 1494:Sancai Tuhui 1492: 1454:crown prince 1443: 1423: 1400: 1391: 1387: 1307: 1295: 1291: 1280: 1246: 1215: 1211: 1180: 1125: 1073: 1070:Emperor Xian 1059: 1051: 1005: 968: 941: 926: 912: 910: 897: 895: 863: 836: 820: 775: 750: 737: 718: 717: 682:Southern Min 584:Sun1 Ch'üan2 550:Hanyu Pinyin 500:Chinese name 431:Emperor Da ( 356:Princess Zhu 300: 276:Empress Dayi 232:, Eastern Wu 128:Tang dynasty 89: 80: 61: 35: 28:Chinese name 4320:Zhang Chang 4158:Zhang Cheng 3591:Puyang Xing 3549:Chancellors 3469:Empress Zhu 3464:Quan Huijie 3292:16 Kingdoms 2872:Pei Songzhi 2779:Fordham.edu 2531:San Guo Sha 2463:Video games 1944:Empress Pan 1928:in Jianye. 1883:Consort Pan 1785:siege Hefei 1515:Zhuge Liang 1483:Early reign 1473:Zhuge Liang 1383:Xiang River 1310:Yi Province 985:. However, 981:'s home in 847:Han dynasty 657:Syun1 Kyun4 570:Suen Chyuan 441:Temple name 384:Huanglong ( 256:Empress Pan 225:(252-05-21) 223:May 21, 252 214:Han dynasty 75:introducing 32:family name 21:Yang Xingmi 4361:252 deaths 4356:182 births 4340:Categories 4315:Zhang Bing 4290:Cao Buxing 4269:Lu Yusheng 4254:Sun Hanhua 4233:Zhuge Rong 4223:Zhuge Jing 4173:Zhongli Mu 3897:Zheng Quan 3882:Zhang Zhao 3752:Quan Shang 3632:Cheng Bing 3484:Lady Zhang 3449:Bu Lianshi 3389:Eastern Wu 3284:3 Kingdoms 3230:Eastern Wu 3059:King of Wu 3004:King of Wu 2970:King of Wu 2888:Sima Guang 2788:2016-09-17 2685:References 2577:Chang Chen 2509:Card games 2451:Luo Tianyi 2336:Huang-lung 1976:Empress Bu 1908:Sima Guang 1904:Hu Sanxing 1831:Late reign 1692:), likely 1527:Zhang Zhao 1523:chancellor 1513:or regent 1062:Zhang Hong 1055:Zhang Zhao 803:Zhang Hong 799:Zhang Zhao 755:Eastern Wu 643:Syūn Kyùhn 616:Suzhounese 578:Wade–Giles 466:Eastern Wu 412:Shenfeng ( 409:; 251–252) 402:; 238–251) 395:; 232–238) 388:; 229–231) 381:; 222–229) 271:Empress Bu 169:King of Wu 144:Eastern Wu 58:references 4295:Chen Zhuo 4259:Lady Zhao 4218:Zhuge Jin 4183:Zhou Fang 4168:Zhang Xiu 4163:Zhang Fen 4073:Tao Huang 4063:Song Qian 4053:Shao Chou 4048:Quan Cong 4043:Pan Zhang 3983:Ling Tong 3938:Ding Feng 3928:Chen Chi 3923:Chen Biao 3907:Zhou Zhao 3902:Zhi Chong 3877:Zhang Yan 3872:Zhang Wen 3867:Zhang Dun 3762:Shen Heng 3737:Meng Zong 3525:Sun Luban 3408:Sun Liang 3243:Sun Liang 3113:Sun Liang 3023:Sun Liang 2899:Xu Song ( 2819:(2004) . 2810:Sanguozhi 2800:Chen Shou 2733:Sanguozhi 2675:Sanguozhi 2586:Red Cliff 2564:Zheng Wei 2540:Yu-Gi-Oh! 2432:Shen-feng 2409:) 251–252 2387:) 238–251 2361:) 232–238 2339:) 229–231 2330:Huánglóng 2317:Huanglong 2313:) 222–229 2285:Era names 2191:Furen Xie 1962:Sun Liang 1865:Sun Liang 1853:Sun Luban 1781:Xiangyang 1702:Quan Cong 1614:Zhou Fang 1593:from the 1507:Zhuge Jin 1415:Jiang Qin 1322:Ling Tong 1303:Ling Tong 1257:Liu Zhang 1219:Huang Gai 1172:Zhengzhou 1092:Zhuge Jin 1020:Pan Zhang 1008:conquests 948:Zhang Jue 937:Sun Kuang 891:Sun Liang 882:Quan Cong 828:Huang Gai 786:Jiangdong 698:Sun Khoân 405:Taiyuan ( 377:Huangwu ( 369:Era dates 345:Sun Liang 286:Lady Yuan 162:Sun Liang 158:Successor 132:Yan Liben 4325:Zhi Qian 4305:Kang Tai 4228:Zhuge Ke 4198:Zhu Huan 4188:Zhou Tai 4178:Zhou Chu 4153:Zhang Bu 4148:Yuan Kan 4138:Xue Ying 4133:Xu Xiang 4123:Xu Sheng 4108:Xie Yuan 4098:Wen Yang 4088:Teng Yin 4083:Teng Xiu 4028:Luo Tong 3978:Liang Yu 3973:Hua Rong 3958:Han Dang 3943:Fan Shen 3933:Cheng Pu 3857:Yu Zhong 3832:Xue Zong 3827:Xie Jing 3817:Wei Teng 3812:Wei Jing 3797:Wei Zhao 3792:Wang Fan 3782:Sun Hong 3722:Lou Xuan 3647:Gu Cheng 3622:Cai Kuan 3606:Zhang Ti 3586:Sun Chen 3556:Sun Shao 3540:Sun Shao 3530:Sun Luyu 3500:Sun Deng 3434:Lady Xie 3403:Sun Quan 3396:Emperors 3238:Sun Quan 3220:Liu Shan 3197:Cao Huan 3187:Cao Fang 3047:219–222 3017:229–252 2974:222–229 2890:(1084). 2837:(2007). 2759:, p. 29. 2735:, vol 47 2605:See also 2581:John Woo 2552:Zhang Bo 2496:series. 2426:Shénfèng 2413:Shenfeng 2406:Tai-yuan 2310:Huang-wu 2255:Sun Deng 2251:Unknown 2205:Furen Xu 2069:daughter 2058:) in 229 1898:regent. 1895:Zhuge Ke 1873:Sun Luyu 1837:Sun Deng 1589:records 1562:Cambodia 1511:Liu Shan 1477:Liu Shan 1465:era name 1457:Sun Deng 1407:Fancheng 1401:In 219, 1375:Changsha 1366:Hanzhong 1342:Gan Ning 1334:Lingling 1326:Changsha 1299:Gan Ning 1261:Zhang Lu 1253:Lady Sun 1203:Dangyang 1191:Lady Cai 1187:Liu Cong 1136:Huang Zu 1132:Liu Biao 1120:Zhu Huan 1116:Xu Sheng 1084:Cheng Pu 1024:Zhou Tai 971:Yuan Shu 956:Shouchun 874:Zhuge Ke 859:era name 851:Sun Deng 816:Liu Biao 812:Huang Zu 807:Cheng Pu 778:Sun Jian 738:Zhongmou 719:Sun Quan 651:Jyutping 622:Sen Jyœ́ 556:Sūn Quán 476:Sun Jian 261:Lady Xie 26:In this 4300:Ge Xuan 4274:Lady Xu 4213:Zhu Zhi 4203:Zhu Ran 4193:Zhu Cai 4143:Yin You 4118:Xu Ling 4113:Xu Biao 4093:Wen Qin 4078:Tao Jun 4068:Tang Zi 4038:Nie You 4033:Mi Fang 4003:Lu Kang 3998:Lu Jing 3993:Liu Zan 3988:Liu Lue 3892:Zhao Zi 3887:Zhao Da 3862:Yuan Ye 3837:Yan Jun 3787:Tang Gu 3772:Shi Xie 3767:Shi Wei 3747:Pan Zhu 3742:Pan Jun 3712:Liu Dun 3702:Li Heng 3672:Hu Zong 3662:He Shao 3642:Feng Xi 3637:Ding Gu 3627:Cen Hun 3581:Sun Jun 3561:Gu Yong 3520:Sun Fen 3444:Pan Shu 3439:Lady Xu 3418:Sun Hao 3413:Sun Xiu 3253:Sun Hao 3248:Sun Xiu 3215:Liu Bei 3207:Shu Han 3192:Cao Mao 3182:Cao Rui 3169:Cao Cao 3161:Cao Wei 3097:229–252 3052:Himself 3039:Himself 2997:Himself 2979:Himself 2954:Himself 2706:vol. 2. 2636:Cao Wei 2400:Taìyuán 2391:Taiyuan 2384:Chih-wu 2358:Chia-ho 2304:Huángwǔ 2291:Huangwu 2148:Sun Fen 2116:Sun Xiu 2019:Zhou Yu 1891:Sun Jun 1887:Lady Bu 1812:Zhu Ran 1800:Sima Yi 1789:Cao Rui 1765:Cao Rui 1741:Guangxi 1630:Wuchang 1622:Jia Kui 1618:Cao Xiu 1607:Nanjing 1603:Jiaozhi 1570:Vietnam 1461:Luoyang 1430:Shu Han 1426:Cao Wei 1411:Cao Ren 1403:Guan Yu 1379:Guiyang 1352:Guan Yu 1330:Guiyang 1318:Lü Meng 1287:Lü Meng 1265:Shaanxi 1199:Liu Bei 1128:Shanyue 1112:Yan Jun 1104:Gu Yong 1066:Cao Cao 1032:Hu Zong 1028:Zhu Ran 1001:Zhu Zhi 997:Lu Kang 987:Liu Yao 983:Danyang 979:Wu Jing 964:Lady Wu 960:Zhou Yu 952:Zhu Jun 946:led by 919:Sun Tzu 855:Luoyang 795:Zhou Yu 790:Xu Gong 782:Yangtze 771:Liu Bei 767:Cao Cao 689:Hokkien 461:Dynasty 447:Taizu ( 398:Chiwu ( 391:Jiahe ( 339:Sun Xiu 333:Sun Fen 266:Lady Xu 140:Emperor 71:improve 4283:Others 4208:Zhu Yi 4128:Xue Xu 4103:Wu Yan 4058:Shi Ji 4023:Lü Fan 4013:Lü Dai 4008:Lu Yin 3963:Hao Pu 3953:Guo Ma 3847:Yu Fan 3842:Yin Li 3822:Xie Ci 3807:Wu Fan 3802:Wu Can 3777:Shi Yi 3757:Si Dun 3727:Lu Mao 3717:Liu Ji 3697:Kan Ze 3692:Ji Zhi 3687:Ji Yan 3677:Hua He 3667:He Zhi 3652:Gu Tan 3601:Wan Yu 3596:Lu Kai 3576:Zhu Ju 3571:Bu Zhi 3566:Lu Xun 3515:Sun Ba 3510:Sun He 3505:Sun Lü 3324:W. Xia 3177:Cao Pi 2937: 2845: 2755: 2270:Sun Lü 2176:Sun Ba 2085:Sun He 2055:朱據雲陽侯 1967:會稽王孫亮 1932:Family 1869:Zhu Ju 1857:Lu Xun 1849:Sun Ba 1841:Sun He 1816:Lü Dai 1814:, and 1808:Bu Zhi 1737:Wuzhou 1729:Yu Fan 1698:Ryukyu 1694:Taiwan 1678:Yizhou 1634:Jianye 1552:Lü Dai 1539:Cao Pi 1532:Lü Fan 1503:Lu Xun 1450:Lu Xun 1434:Liu Ye 1332:, and 1283:Jianye 1183:Liu Qi 1108:Shi Yi 1100:Bu Zhi 1096:Lu Xun 1042:Sun Yi 975:Lü Fan 933:Sun Yi 886:Bu Zhi 878:Sun Ba 870:Lu Xun 866:Sun He 839:Cao Pi 805:, and 763:Sun Ce 482:Mother 472:Father 416:; 252) 327:Sun Ba 249:Spouse 237:Burial 230:Jianye 196:Tenure 60:, but 30:, the 4310:Lu Ji 4018:Lü Ju 3968:He Qi 3948:Gu Yu 3852:Yu Si 3732:Lü Yi 3707:Li Su 3657:Gu Ti 3268:Shang 2939:Died: 2932:Born: 2666:Shilu 2662:yiwei 2622:Notes 2525:set. 2445:Music 2435:) 252 2378:Chìwū 2365:Chiwu 2352:Jiāhé 2343:Jiahe 2235:Furen 2223:Furen 1804:Lü Yi 1777:Hefei 1601:) at 1599:Daqin 1338:Lu Su 1314:Lu Su 1176:Henan 1163:打虎亭漢墓 1088:Lu Su 824:Lu Su 296:Issue 175:Reign 150:Reign 3340:Qing 3336:Ming 3332:Yuan 3320:Song 3316:Liao 3308:Tang 3272:Zhou 2910:建康實錄 2843:ISBN 2753:ISBN 2656:The 2477:and 2469:Koei 2456:權御天下 2104:敬懷皇后 1583:The 1566:Laos 1505:and 1377:and 1340:and 1320:and 1301:and 1259:and 1233:and 1118:and 1090:and 1079:討虜將軍 1030:and 1022:and 935:and 911:The 896:The 884:and 872:and 822:and 769:and 220:Died 208:Born 3348:PRC 3344:ROC 3328:Jīn 3304:Sui 3288:Jìn 3280:Han 3276:Qin 3264:Xia 3057:as 3002:as 2984:as 2941:252 2934:182 2471:'s 2453:'s 2275:建昌侯 2260:宣太子 2240:趙夫人 2231:袁氏) 2228:袁夫人 2211:徐夫人 2200:谢氏) 2197:謝夫人 2125:吳景帝 2090:南陽王 2040:朱公主 2026:錢塘侯 1999:全公主 1910:'s 1696:or 1669:諸葛直 1632:to 1053:at 746:), 692:POJ 665:IPA 592:IPA 433:大皇帝 211:182 187:南昌侯 142:of 113:吳大帝 37:Sun 34:is 4342:: 3346:/ 3342:→ 3338:→ 3334:→ 3330:→ 3326:/ 3322:/ 3318:/ 3314:→ 3310:→ 3306:→ 3302:→ 3298:/ 3294:→ 3290:/ 3286:→ 3282:→ 3278:→ 3274:→ 3270:→ 3266:→ 2961:Wu 2913:). 2901:c. 2884:). 2868:). 2812:). 2781:. 2764:^ 2751:, 2740:^ 2702:) 2643:^ 2601:. 2589:. 2572:. 2560:. 2429:; 2423:; 2421:神鳳 2419:; 2417:神凤 2403:; 2397:; 2395:太元 2381:; 2375:; 2373:赤烏 2371:; 2369:赤乌 2355:; 2349:; 2347:嘉禾 2333:; 2327:; 2325:黃龍 2323:; 2321:黄龙 2307:; 2301:; 2299:黃武 2297:; 2295:黄武 2245:趙氏 2216:徐氏 2181:魯王 2172:) 2169:谢氏 2164:谢姬 2153:齊王 2144:) 2141:仲氏 2136:仲姬 2118:, 2112:) 2109:王氏 2064:劉纂 2046:朱主 2014:周循 2005:全主 1990:) 1987:練師 1981:步氏 1958:) 1949:潘氏 1824:殷札 1810:, 1760:許晏 1754:張彌 1739:, 1716:裴濳 1710:周賀 1689:亶洲 1683:夷洲 1663:衛溫 1654:c. 1652:, 1624:. 1564:, 1557:士徽 1441:. 1357:陸口 1347:益陽 1328:, 1275:刺史 1174:, 1114:, 1110:, 1106:, 1102:, 1098:, 1037:校尉 893:. 834:. 801:, 797:, 743:仲謀 609:Wu 526:孙权 512:孫權 449:太祖 414:神鳳 407:太元 400:赤烏 393:嘉禾 386:黃龍 379:黃武 3380:e 3373:t 3366:v 3144:e 3137:t 3130:v 2907:( 2896:. 2880:( 2864:( 2851:. 2808:( 2791:. 2696:( 2638:. 2415:( 2393:( 2367:( 2345:( 2319:( 2293:( 2248:) 2219:) 2122:( 2071:) 2043:/ 2037:( 2002:/ 1996:( 1955:淑 1680:( 1597:( 1272:( 1076:( 992:牧 740:( 721:( 451:) 435:) 191:) 96:) 90:( 85:) 81:( 67:. 40:. 23:.

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