1699:. They arranged for the final distribution of the total demand in joint villages among the shareholders, and in simple villages from the individual cultivators. The sub-divisional officer presented a statement of the accounts of the villages in his sub-division to the district officer, whose record of the revenue of his whole district was in turn forwarded to the head revenue officer at court. As a check on the internal management of his charge, and especially to help him in the work of collecting the revenue, with each district governor was associated an accountant. Further that each of these officers might be the greater check on the other, Ahmad Shah I enforced the rule that when the governor was chosen from among the royal slaves the accountant should be a free man, and that when the accountant was a slave the district governor should be chosen from some other class. This practise was maintained till the end of the reign of Muzaffar Sháh II, when, according to the
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1955:'s son erected a mausoleum and mosque in his honor. Sultan Mahmud Begada, enamored with the site as a summer retreat, expanded it with additional structures such as a small mosque, mausoleum, and palaces, alongside the water tank. Spanning 72 acres, it comprised these edifices, as well as gardens teeming with flowering plants and fruit trees. Serving as a focal point of royal life, it hosted gatherings, religious ceremonies, and spiritual discussions within its palaces, pavilions, and water tanks.
1703:, the army became much increased, and the ministers, condensing the details of revenue, farmed it on contract, so that many parts formerly yielding one rupee now produced ten, and many others seven eight or nine, and in no place was there a less increase than from ten to twenty per cent. Many other changes occurred at the same time, and the spirit of innovation creeping into the administration the wholesome system of checking the accounts was given up and mutiny and confusion spread over Gujarát.
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1638:. Their chief duties were to preserve the peace and to collect the revenue. For the maintenance of order, a body of soldiers from the army headquarters at Áhmedábád was detached for service in each of these divisions, and placed under the command of the district governor. At the same time, in addition to the presence of this detachment of regular troops, every district contained certain fortified outposts called
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or crown domain administered directly by the central authority; the other, on payment of tribute in service or in money, left under the control of its former rulers. The amount of tribute paid by the different chiefs depended, not on the value of their territory, but on the terms granted to them when
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is a
Persian work on the complete history of Gujarat Sultanate written by Sikandar, son of Muhammad aka Manjhu, son of Akbar who wrote it soon after Akbar conquered Gujarat. He had consulted earlier works of history and the people of authority. Other Persian works of the history of Gujarat Sultanate
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with the help of the
Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah ravaged Nandurbar. But Ahmad Shah's army defeated the Bahmani army and they fled to Daulatabad. The Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah sent strong reinforcements and the Khandesh army also joined them. They were again defeated by the Gujarat army. Finally, Ahmad
1614:
kings. The revenue consisted, as before, of a share of the crops received in kind, supplemented by the levy of special cesses, trade, and transit dues. The chief's share of the crops differed according to the locality; it rarely exceeded one-third of the produce, it rarely fell short of one-sixth.
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appointed Malik
Mufarrah, also known as Farhat-ul-Mulk and Rasti Khan governor of Gujarat in 1377. In 1387, Sikandar Khan was sent to replace him, but he was defeated and killed by Farhat-ul-Mulk. In 1391, Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq appointed Zafar Khan, the son of Wajih-ul-Mulk as
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s subordinate to the district governor. They were garrisoned by bodies of local soldiery, for whose maintenance, in addition to money payments, a small assignment of land was set apart in the neighbourhood of the post. On the arrival of the tribute-collecting army the governors of the districts
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After few months, Sikandar Sháh was murdered by a noble Imád-ul-Mulk, who seated a younger brother of
Sikandar, named Násir Khán, on the throne with the title of Mahmúd Shah II and governed on his behalf. Other son of Muzaffar Shah II, Bhadur Khan returned from outside of Gujarat and the nobles
1255:
But within a short period of seven or twenty-seven days, the nobles deposed Daud Khan and set on the throne Fath Khan, son of
Muhammad Shah II. Fath Khan, on his accession, adopted the title Abu-al Fath Mahmud Shah, popularly known as Mahmud Begada. He expanded the kingdom in all directions. He
1881:. They are often in pairs flanking the main entrance, mostly rather thin and with elaborate carving at least at the lower levels. Some designs push out balconies at intervals up the shaft; the most extreme version of this was in the lost upper parts of the so-called "shaking minarets" at the
1633:
s. These districts were administered in one of two ways. They were either assigned to nobles in support of a contingent of troops, or they were set apart as crown domains and managed by paid officers. The officers placed in charge of districts set apart as crown domains were called
1889:. This carving draws on the traditional skills of local stone-carvers, previously exercised on Hindu temples in the Māru-Gurjara and other local styles. The Gujarat Sultans built lavishly, particularly in the capital, Ahmedabad. The sultanate commissioned mosques such as the
660:. This claim of the sultans' links with the solar lineage is not found very often in texts and inscriptions they patronised. Although Sikandar does not state the Tanks were Rajputs, Misra suggests that the Tanks were probably considered ignoble Rajputs. American historian
702:(r. 1403–1404). He marched towards Delhi, but on the way he was poisoned by his uncle, Shams Khan. After the death of Muhammad Shah, Muzaffar was released from the prison and he took over the control over administration. In 1407, he declared himself as Sultan
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through which it passed were expected to join the main body with their local contingents. At other times the district governors had little control over the feudatory chiefs in the neighbourhood of their charge. The
Gujarat Sultanate had comprised twenty-five
1683:. These sub-divisional officers realised the state demand, nominally one-half of the produce, by the help of the headmen of the villages under their charge. In the sharehold and simple villages of North Gujarát these village headmen were styled
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Ahmedabad in
Gujarat received its great congregational mosque in 1423, though it had been a province of Delhi since 1297. It was built by Ahmad Shah, a converted Rajput, who, when governor, declared the province an independent sultanate in
1294:
and
Gujarat sultanates and took Mahmud Shah II of Malwa captive. Muzaffar Shah sent an army to Malwa but their service was not required as Rana Sanga had generously restored Mahmud Shah II to the throne.However,Rana Sanga defeated
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governor of
Gujarat and conferred him the title of Muzaffar Khan (r. 1391–1403, 1404–1411). In 1392, he defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk in the battle of Kamboi, near Anhilwada Patan and occupied the city of Anhilwada Patan.
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In 1403, Zafar Khan's son Tatar Khan urged his father to march on Delhi, which he declined. As a result, in 1408, Tatar imprisoned him in
Ashawal (future Ahmedabad) and declared himself sultan under the title of
1487:. Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general
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The latter sultanate was founded by a former Tughluq governor, perhaps from a family of Punjabi Khatri converts, who took the title Muzaffar Shah in the early fifteenth century but reigned for only a short
722:
was faced with a rebellion of his uncles. The rebellion was led by his eldest uncle Firuz Khan, who declared himself king. Ultimately Firuz and his brothers surrendered to him. During this rebellion Sultan
1424:
of Khandesh as his successor, but he died on his way to Gujarat. Finally, the nobles selected Mahmud Khan, the son of Bahadur's brother Latif Khan as his successor and he ascended to the throne as
3304:
The Mirat-i-Sikandari: A History of Gujarat from the Inception of the Dynasty of the Sultans of Gujarat to the Conquest of Gujarat by Akbar of Shaikh Sikandar ibn Muhammad urf Manjhu ibn Akbar
525:, Delhi was devastated and its rule weakened considerably, leading Muzaffar Shah to declare himself independent in 1394, and formally established the Sultanate. The next sultan, his grandson
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Similarly, Zaffar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign Muslim but a Khatri convert, of low subdivision called Tank, originally from southern Punjab.
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The internal management of the feudatory states was unaffected by their payment of tribute. Justice was administered and the revenue collected in the same way as under the
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succeeded him but now the reigns of the state were controlled by the nobles who divided the kingdom between themselves. He was assassinated in 1561. He was succeeded by
1335:. Rana Sanga later invaded Gujarat and plundered the Sultanate's treasuries, greatly damaging its prestige, Sanga also annexed northern Gujarat and appointed one of his
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The two brothers were chaudharis of a rather numerous agrarian community, tilling the soil, not high in the caste hierarchy but not without strength in the neighborhood
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797:(r. 1442–1451) first led a campaign against Idar and forced its ruler, Raja Hari Rai or Bir Rai to submit to his authority. He then exacted tribute from the Rawal of
596:. In 1583, he escaped from the prison, and with the help of the nobles, succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's minister
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joined him. Bahádur marched at once on Chámpáner, captured and executed Imád-ul-Mulk and poisoning Násir Khán ascended the throne in 1527 with the title of
1877:, roofs, doors, minarets and facades. In the 15th century, the Indo-Islamic style of Gujarat is especially notable for its inventive and elegant use of
809:
forced him to retreat. On the return journey, he fell seriously ill and died in February 1451. After his death, he was succeeded by his son Qutb-ud-Din
1603:
they agreed to become feudatories of the king. This tribute was occasionally collected by military expeditions headed by the king in person and called
656:, who was a contemporary of Gujarat Sultans, Sadhāran was a Khatri of the Tank subdivision and had a long list of ancestors that eventually traced to
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and occupied Sultanpur and Nandurbar. Gujarat army defeated them and later Ahmad Shah led four expeditions into Malwa in 1419, 1420, 1422 and 1438.
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Firuzšāh Shah Toḡloq (752–90/1351–88) appointed as governor of Gujarat one of his most trusted lieutenants, Ẓafar Khan I, a Punjabi Khatri convert.
1339:
vassals to rule there. The invasion of Rana weakened Gujarat, however after Rana Sanga's death, the sultans of Gujarat freed their kingdom from
1246:
706:, took the insignia of royalty and issued coins in his name. After his death in 1411, he was succeeded by his grandson, the son of Tatar Khan,
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1420:, the fugitive Mughal prince made his claim on the ground that Bahadur's mother adopted him as her son. The nobles selected Bahadur's nephew
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s, varying in number according to the character of the country and the temper of the people. These posts were in charge of officers called
850:
648:. However, Aparna Kapadia states that Sahāran (Sadhāran), the father of Zafar Khan, was a Tank Rajput who lived in Thanesar in modern-day
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and fell. Bahadur Shah regained the kingdom in 1536 but he was killed by the Portuguese on board the ship when making a deal with them.
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and grew even more powerful as they sacked Chittor fort in 1535. He died on 5 April 1526 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sikandar.
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in 1538. Mahmud Shah III had to battle with his nobles who were interested in independence. He was killed in 1554 by his servant.
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These men, a certain Saharan and his brother Sadhu, were, mostly likely peasants or pastoralists, non-Muslim Tank Rajputs from
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the Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of their ancestors having once been Hindu 'Tanks', a branch of Khatris.
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and the combined Kathiawar forces in 1591 to protect him. He finally committed suicide when he was surrendered to the Mughal.
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3887:"Mirat-i-Sikandari as a Source for the Study of Cultural and Social Condition of Gujarat under the Sultanate (1403-1572)"
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The Muslim Diaspora – A comprehensive reference to the spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the America, 570–1799
2019:
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simply described Zafar Khan being the son of a "peasant convert to Islam", with historians such as V. K. Agnihotri and
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The Áhmedábád kings divided the portion of their territory which was under their direct authority into districts or
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3479:"The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat. A history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442. [With a map.] | WorldCat.org"
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expanded his kingdom and made expeditions to help neighbouring kingdoms. In 1532, Gujarat came under attack of the
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who were agriculturists by profession but could also muster thousands of fighting men on their call. Delhi Sultan
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Zafar Khan (entitled Muzaffar Shah) himself was a convert to Islam from a sub-caste of the Khatris known as Tank.
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782:(1423) in Ahmedabad were built during his reign. Sultan Ahmad Shah died in 1443 and succeeded by his eldest son
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3577:. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I(II). The Government Central Press. pp. 210–212, 236–270.
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forced to join wars alike came from these places. Its stealth specialists performed several duties including
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The distinctive Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat drew micro-architectural elements from earlier
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Zafar Khan was not a foreign Muslim. He was a convert to Islam from a sect of the Khatris known as Tank.
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For fiscal purposes each district or sarkár was distributed among a certain number of sub-divisions or
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The independent kingdom of Gujarat was founded by Zafar Khan, son of Sadharan, a Jat convert to Islam.
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Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat presages many of the architectural elements later found in
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was killed by the Portuguese while making a deal in 1537. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when
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invaded Gujarat. He was repelled this time but he invaded again in 1417 along with Nasir Khan, the
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From some parts the chief's share was realised directly from the cultivator by agents called
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It is said that Zafar Khan's father Wajih-ul-Mulk (Saharan) and his brother were influential
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3571:"MUSALMÁN GUJARÁT. (A.D. 1297–1760): Introduction) and II. Áhmedábád King. (A.D. 1403–1573."
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Zafar Khan, a son of Rajput convert to Islam was appointed as governor of Gujarat in 1391AD.
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Bahadur had no son, hence there was some uncertainty regarding succession after his death.
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1944:, the 16th century capital of Gujarat Sultanate, documents the early Islamic and pre-
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African Samurai: The True Story of Yasuke, a Legendary Black Warrior in Feudal Japan
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Eighteenth-century Gujarat : the dynamics of its political economy, 1750-1800
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Medieval India (From Sultanat to the Mughals), PART ONE Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)
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chieftains. The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of
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1260:, which literally means the conqueror of two forts, probably after conquering
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4158:: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. pp. 50–136.
805:, but the ruler of Champaner, Raja Kanak Das, with the help of Malwa Sultan
625:
3478:
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The rise of Muslim power in Gujarat; a history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442
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Location of the Gujarat Sultanate and neighbouring polities, circa 1500 CE.
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In Praise of Kings Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat
3906:"A Self-Conscious Art? Seeing Micro-Architecture in Sultanate South Asia"
3893:. Vol. X. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. pp. 235–240.
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Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440–1640
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1797: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Khalil Khan, son of Mahmud Begada succeeded his father with the title
4155:
3025:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 385–390.
2493:
1611:
1598:
Gujarát was divided politically into two main parts; one, called the
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in January 1584. He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of
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802:
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211:• Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate by Muzaffar Shah I
93:
89:
3660:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (d).
2935:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (f).
1772:
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2483:
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1755:. Other important work in Arabic about history of Gujarat includes
1621:; from other parts the collection was through superior landowners.
1522:
1320:
1308:
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129:
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annexed Gujarat in his empire in 1573 and Gujarat became a Mughal
4154:]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in Gujarati). Vol. V.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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as his capital.The victory brought Rajputs within day's march of
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annexed the Gujarat Sultanate into his empire. The last ruler,
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attacked Gujarat in 1535 and briefly occupied it, during which
538:
3358:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
3251:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
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Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
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s and in the simple villages of the south they were known as
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3121:. Internet Archive. New York, Asia Pub. House. p. 137.
3306:. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Press. p. 6.
1970:
1449:
1324:
856:
657:
593:
4102:. Vol. XXI. Mumbai: Royal Asiatic Society of Bombay.
506:, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the
3723:
4152:
Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era
3699:
3687:
3023:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XI/4: Greece VIII–Hadith II
2927:
For a map of their territory, under "Ahmad Shahis" see:
1444:
Muzaffar Shah III's army was legendary in some parts of
4046:
History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.
3565:
1925:
and Pattharwali Masjid, as well as structures such as
1616:
1271:
762:
At the beginning of his reign, he founded the city of
628:
and S.C. Misra, Zafar Khan was from the Tank (Persian
3758:. CUP Archive. 26 July 2017 – via Google Books.
1472:
work and skirmish combat. Many stealth warriors were
3711:
3375:
3278:
The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: c. 700–1800 CE
3591:
3516:
1525:and gunpowder artillery extensively, following the
1517:The Gujarat Sultanate was the second empire in the
3951:"The Shaking Minarets at Ahmedabad, drawn in 1809"
1354:
4147:ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ
3131:Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India
813:(r. 1451–1458). Ahmad Shah II defeated Khilji at
4177:
4088:Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)
2025:Pavagadh Mosque, built by Sultan Mahmud Begada
652:. According to Shaikh Sikandar Ibn Muhammad's
46:
4136:
3794:
3756:"The Cambridge History of the British Empire"
2985:
2900:
2121: – Pre Urban Harappan Sindh Type Pottery
1399:Portuguese depiction of the Sultan of Gujarat
789:
580:would become a Portuguese colony, thereafter
549:chieftains and built a navy off the coast of
463:
3870:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3653:
3631:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 709-23
3618:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 157-60
3234:. McFarland & Company Inc. p. 275.
3041:
2928:
1739:about Muzaffar Shah II's conquest of Mandu,
1499:was fought between the Mughal forces led by
3891:Journal Of Oriental Institute Baroda Vol.10
3748:
3745:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 167-9
3684:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 162-7
3644:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 160-1
3513:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 155-7
3361:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
3098:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
3072:Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries
2989:Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion
2981:
2979:
1948:city that has remained without any change.
1303:around the same time and Conquered Much of
502:. The kingdom was established in 1394 when
3281:. Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
2907:
2893:
1974:(perforated screens carved in stone), and
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69:
34:Late medieval kingdom in India (1394–1573)
4042:
3705:
3693:
3420:
3323:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
3254:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
3051:. University of Texas Press. p. 60.
1857:Learn how and when to remove this message
3903:
3762:
3200:Sadharan a Rajput who converted to Islam
2976:
1658:
1394:
1364:
1331:and made them contender of supremacy of
1268:forts. Mahmud died on 23 November 1511.
498:, primarily in the present-day state of
4015:. Worldheritagesite.org. Archived from
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3394:Eaton, Richard M. (17 September 2019).
3354:
3316:
3301:
3247:
3227:
3204:
3188:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 218.
3181:
3134:. Oxford University Press. p. 57.
3091:
14:
4178:
4095:
4084:
4063:
3729:
3717:
3597:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3397:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
3164:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 142.
3012:
1942:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
1232:
1221:
1210:
1199:
1179:
1168:
1157:
1121:
1112:
1020:
951:
940:
833:, son of Ahmad Shah I, to the throne.
4067:History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537
4005:
3993:from the original on 3 September 2019
3884:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3505:
3503:
3447:
3393:
3381:
3157:
3114:
1706:
1675:s, each under a paid official styled
1381:. He was killed fighting against the
1188:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1049:
1038:
993:
929:
920:
911:
900:
874:
865:
3274:
3127:
3068:
2962:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 498.
2955:
1951:Upon his passing at the age of 111,
1795:adding citations to reliable sources
1766:
1506:
1439:
1290:of Chittor defeated a joint army of
1058:
1029:
1011:
1002:
982:
971:
962:
854:
4070:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
3528:
2956:Dhir, Krishna S. (1 January 2022).
2949:
1272:Muzaffar Shah II and his successors
885:
817:. He helped Firuz Khan ruling from
24:
3837:
3783:
3772:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,
3735:
3674:
3634:
3603:
3500:
3339:in northwestern India (modern-day
2959:Urdu: A Multidisciplinary Analysis
2631:Medieval and early modern periods
25:
4202:
4164:
4099:The Coins Of The Gujarat Saltanat
3348:
1757:Zafarul-Walih bi Muzaffar wa Alih
1593:
1582:
1311:and he bestowed it to his Vassal
770:(the great city) on the banks of
668:even writing that Sadhāran was a
4142:Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar
4124:
4049:Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
4043:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
3657:A Historical atlas of South Asia
3654:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3579:
2992:. Indus Publishing. p. 14.
2932:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2929:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2018:
2013:Tomb of Sikandar Shah of Gujarat
2006:
1994:
1771:
1719:about reign of Muzaffar Shah I,
1570:
1558:
1546:
1537:
1385:in 1537; (Illustration from the
1278:Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat
849:
836:
306:
281:
267:
4035:
3975:
3966:
3944:
3904:LAMBOURN, ELIZABETH A. (2010).
3897:
3878:
3831:
3647:
3621:
3471:
3441:
3414:
3387:
1782:needs additional citations for
1762:
1689:or according to Muslim writers
1355:Bahadur Shah and his successors
713:
680:
4171:Coins of the Gujarat Sultanate
3310:
3295:
3268:
3151:
3006:
2921:
2113: – Pre-Prabhas Assemblage
801:. In 1449, he marched against
774:. He shifted the capital from
13:
1:
3889:. In Sandesara, B. J. (ed.).
3842:. Leiden: Brill. p. 10.
3768:Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007).
2642:Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
2030:
1665:Shams al-Din Muzaffar Shah II
1607:or country-seizing circuits.
1589:Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat
1361:Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts
435:Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
3987:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3983:"Historic City of Ahmadabad"
3400:. Univ of California Press.
3013:Hambly, Gavin R. G. (2002).
407:Miran Muhammad Shah I (1537)
7:
3885:Desai, Z. A. (March 1961).
3128:Khan, Iqtidar Alam (2004).
2075:Chalcolithic to Bronze Age
1723:in verse by Hulvi Shirazi,
1617:
578:Bombay, Bassein & Daman
10:
4207:
4138:Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal
4085:Sharma, Gopi Nath (1954).
3838:A., Nadri, Ghulam (2009).
3302:Misra, S.C.; Rahman, M.L.
2227: – Prabhas Assemblage
2148: – Micaceous Red Ware
2140: – Reserved Slip Ware
1987:
1651:s (administrative units).
1586:
1510:
1358:
1275:
840:
790:Successors of Ahmad Shah I
718:Soon after his accession,
675:
592:, was taken a prisoner to
564:from the Sultanate in the
494:Islamic Indian kingdom in
75:Gujarat Sultanate in 1525.
26:
4096:Taylor, Georg P. (1902).
3956:25 September 2022 at the
3922:10.1163/22118993_02701007
3451:The Wonder That Was India
3421:Agnihotri, V. K. (1988).
3228:Jenkins, Everett (2010).
3211:. S. Chand. p. 245.
3208:History of Medieval India
2805:Agencies of British India
2235: – Lustrous Red Ware
2177:Indus Valley Civilisation
1871:Maru-Gurjara architecture
1625:Districts and crown lands
603:
598:Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
322:
246:
236:
232:
219:
209:
205:
197:
193:
178:
163:
159:
149:
139:
120:
100:
80:
68:
63:
41:
3809:. pp. 30, 174–176.
3355:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3317:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3248:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3182:Chandra, Satish (2004).
3092:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
1895:Jama Masjid at Champaner
1891:Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad
1489:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
1479:However, Mughal Emperor
1319:under his lordship with
27:Not to be confused with
3741:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3680:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3640:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3627:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3614:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3509:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3448:Rizvi, S. A. A (1987).
2514:Chalukyas of Navasarika
1980:(pavilions topped with
1737:Tarikh-i-Muzaffar Shahi
1717:Tarikh-i-Muzaffar Shahi
1391:, end of 16th century).
1371:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
1256:received the sobriquet
742:In 1429, Kanha Raja of
545:. He also subdued most
533:in 1411. His successor
529:, moved the capital to
180:• 1561–1573, 1584
92:(1411–1484, 1535–1573)
3567:James Macnabb Campbell
3158:Stein, Burton (2010).
3075:. BRILL. p. 143.
2986:Sudipta Mitra (2005).
2001:Jami Mosque, Champaner
1883:Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad
1741:Tarikh-i-Bahadur Shahi
1729:Tabaqat-i-Mahmud Shahi
1668:
1521:to utilize and invent
1497:Battle of Bhuchar Mori
1452:with the exception of
1400:
1392:
404:(1526–1535, 1536–1537)
47:
3115:Misra, S. C. (1963).
2598:(c. 970 – c. 1070 CE)
1887:an earthquake in 1819
1885:, which fell down in
1873:and employed them in
1745:Tabaqat-i-Husam Khani
1733:Maathi-i-Mahmud Shahi
1725:Tarikh-i-Mahmud Shahi
1662:
1398:
1368:
398:Mahmud Shah II (1526)
101:Common languages
4013:"Champaner-Pavagadh"
3807:Hanover Square Press
3275:Wink, André (2020).
3205:Mahajan, VD (2007).
3069:Wink, André (2003).
3043:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
2548:(c. 690 – c. 940 CE)
2538:(c. 730 – c. 960 CE)
2518:(c. 660 – c. 739 CE)
2508:(c. 580 – c. 738 CE)
2498:(c. 725 – c. 950 CE)
2448:(c. 250 – c. 500 CE)
2086:Chalcolithic Gujarat
1903:Rani Rupamati Mosque
1791:improve this article
1418:Muhammad Zaman Mirza
1247:class=notpageimage|
566:Battle of Diu (1509)
488:Sultanate of Guzerat
43:Sultanate of Gujarat
18:Sultanate of Gujarat
4064:Chaube, J. (1975).
3743:The Delhi Sultanate
3682:The Delhi Sultanate
3642:The Delhi Sultanate
3629:The Delhi Sultanate
3616:The Delhi Sultanate
3511:The Delhi Sultanate
2564:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2394:(380 BCE – 1299 CE)
1962:, including ornate
1960:Mughal architecture
1935:Dada Harir Stepwell
1806:"Gujarat Sultanate"
1751:by Abu Turab Vali,
1577:Arabic inscriptions
1553:Close up of the gun
1519:Indian subcontinent
1422:Miran Muhammad Shah
766:which he styled as
521:'s invasion of the
4191:History of Gujarat
3732:, p. 132-137.
3575:History of Gujarát
3427:. pp. B-131.
3161:A History of India
2833:Post-independence
2608:(c. 940 – 1243 CE)
2558:(c. 875 – 1472 CE)
2464:Traikutaka dynasty
2427:(312 BCE − 400 CE)
2376:Saurashtra kingdom
2294:Black and Red Ware
2272:Vedic Civilisation
2244:Vedic Civilisation
2131:Black and Red Ware
2105: – Padri Ware
2100:(c. 3950–1900 BCE)
2039:History of Gujarat
1919:Sidi Sayyed Mosque
1911:Sidi Bashir Mosque
1721:Tarik-i-Ahmad Shah
1707:Sources of history
1669:
1401:
1393:
778:to Ahmedabad. The
691:Firuz Shah Tughluq
672:convert to Islam.
610:Muzaffarid dynasty
342:Muzaffarid dynasty
221:• Annexed by
48:Gujarāta Saltanata
29:Kingdom of Gujarat
4186:Gujarat Sultanate
4056:978-81-269-0123-4
4019:on 6 October 2012
3816:978-1-335-14102-6
3795:Lockley, Thomas;
3770:The Mughul Empire
3368:978-1-107-15331-8
3288:978-1-108-41774-7
3171:978-1-4051-9509-6
3141:978-0-19-566526-0
3105:978-1-107-15331-8
3082:978-90-04-13561-1
3058:978-1-4773-2879-8
3032:978-0-933273-66-5
2999:978-81-7387-183-2
2969:978-81-208-4301-1
2917:
2916:
2882:
2881:
2824:
2823:
2816:Bombay Presidency
2732:
2731:
2674:Gujarat Sultanate
2664:Tughlaq Sultanate
2622:
2621:
2604:Chaulukya dynasty
2594:Chalukyas of Lata
2554:Chudasama dynasty
2534:Gurjara-Pratihara
2478:(405 – c. 730 CE)
2438:(c. 119 – 405 CE)
2392:Classical period
2383:
2382:
2305:Painted Grey Ware
2252:
2251:
2066:
2065:
2062:(before 4000 BCE)
2049:(before 4000 BCE)
1867:
1866:
1859:
1841:
1712:Mirat-i-Sikandari
1527:Bahmani Sultanate
1507:Gunpowder weapons
1440:Muzaffar Shah III
1434:Muzaffar Shah III
1301:Battle of Dholpur
757:Bahmani Sultanate
590:Muzaffar Shah III
558:Portuguese Empire
484:Gujarat Sultanate
480:
479:
425:(1561–1573, 1584)
423:Muzaffar Shah III
338:Gujarat Sultanate
332:
331:
318:
317:
314:
313:
294:
293:
189:
185:Muzaffar Shah III
174:
165:• 1407–1411
144:Absolute Monarchy
16:(Redirected from
4198:
4159:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4110:. Archived from
4092:
4091:. S.L. Agarwala.
4081:
4060:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3964:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3861:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3797:Girard, Geoffrey
3792:
3781:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3651:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3625:
3619:
3612:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3563:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3483:www.worldcat.org
3475:
3469:
3468:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3245:
3225:
3202:
3179:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3125:
3112:
3089:
3066:
3039:
3019:Yarshater, Ehsan
3010:
3004:
3003:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2925:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2844:Saurashtra State
2840:
2839:
2836:
2752:Portuguese India
2748:
2747:
2744:
2741:Colonial period
2653:Khalji Sultanate
2638:
2637:
2634:
2588:(9–10th century)
2584:Western Chalukya
2578:(9–10th century)
2574:Paramara dynasty
2524:Empire of Harsha
2504:Gurjaras of Lata
2444:Vakataka dynasty
2399:
2398:
2395:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2096:Anarta tradition
2082:
2081:
2078:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1899:Qutbuddin Mosque
1862:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1799:
1775:
1767:
1759:by Hajji Dabir.
1749:Tarikh-i-Gujarat
1735:about Mahmud I,
1620:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1541:
1284:Muzaffar Shah II
1241:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1000:
998:
991:
989:
980:
978:
969:
967:
960:
958:
949:
947:
938:
936:
927:
925:
918:
916:
909:
907:
898:
896:
890:
883:
881:
872:
870:
863:
861:
853:
795:Muhammad Shah II
784:Muhammad Shah II
768:Shahr-i-Mu'azzam
662:Richard M. Eaton
654:Mirati Sikandari
644:but was born in
535:Muhammad Shah II
472:
465:
458:
387:Muzaffar Shah II
363:Muhammad Shah II
334:
333:
310:
309:
298:
297:
285:
284:
271:
270:
264:
263:
248:
247:
187:
172:
73:
58:
50:
39:
38:
21:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4144:, eds. (1977).
4125:
4117:
4115:
4114:on 1 March 2017
4078:
4057:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3962:British Library
3958:Wayback Machine
3949:
3945:
3902:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3836:
3832:
3817:
3793:
3784:
3767:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3708:, pp. 155.
3704:
3700:
3696:, pp. 156.
3692:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3635:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3580:
3564:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3501:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3353:
3349:
3331:
3315:
3311:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3226:
3219:
3203:
3196:
3180:
3172:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3126:
3113:
3106:
3090:
3083:
3067:
3059:
3040:
3033:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2884:
2883:
2837:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2783:Princely states
2745:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2635:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2614:Vaghela dynasty
2568:(8–9th century)
2434:Western Satraps
2396:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2356:Dwaraka kingdom
2298:(1300–1000 BCE)
2265:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2238:(1900–1300 BCE)
2230:(2200–1700 BCE)
2222:(2200–1700 BCE)
2214:(1900–1300 BCE)
2203:(2600–1900 BCE)
2199:Mature Harappan
2192:(3300–2600 BCE)
2181:(3300–1300 BCE)
2151:(2600–1600 BCE)
2143:(3950–1900 BCE)
2124:(3000–2600 BCE)
2116:(3200–2600 BCE)
2108:(3600–2000 BCE)
2079:
2077:(4000–1300 BCE)
2076:
2068:
2067:
2051:
2048:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2014:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1990:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1776:
1765:
1709:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1551:
1542:
1515:
1509:
1501:Mirza Aziz Koka
1493:Nawanagar State
1442:
1426:Mahmud Shah III
1363:
1357:
1315:who ruled over
1280:
1274:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1178:
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1171:
1169:
1167:
1162:
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1156:
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1138:
1133:
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1129:
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1120:
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1111:
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1102:
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1043:
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1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
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981:
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970:
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963:
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956:
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950:
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928:
923:
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733:Farooqi dynasty
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624:. According to
612:was founded by
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508:Tughlaq dynasty
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114:Lingua franca
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56:
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40:
37:
30:
19:
4151:
4146:
4116:. Retrieved
4112:the original
4098:
4087:
4066:
4045:
4036:Bibliography
4023:23 September
4021:. Retrieved
4017:the original
4007:
3997:26 September
3995:. Retrieved
3986:
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2864:Bombay State
2673:
2474:Gupta Empire
2403:Nanda Empire
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1939:
1927:Teen Darwaza
1907:Sarkhej Roza
1868:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1801:
1789:Please help
1784:verification
1781:
1763:Architecture
1756:
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1667:(1511–1525).
1648:
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1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1516:
1478:
1473:
1443:
1415:
1404:Bahadur Shah
1402:
1386:
1379:Siege of Diu
1377:ally at the
1349:Bahádur Sháh
1345:
1299:of Delhi at
1281:
1257:
1254:
1203:VIJAYANAGARA
1040:
975:
924:PHAGMODRUPAS
793:
767:
761:
741:
725:Hushang Shah
720:Ahmad Shah I
717:
714:Ahmad Shah I
708:Ahmad Shah I
696:
684:
681:Early rulers
653:
637:
633:
629:
616:, a Punjabi
607:
582:Bahadur Shah
555:
527:Ahmad Shah I
516:
487:
483:
481:
402:Bahadur Shah
357:Ahmad Shah I
337:
257:Succeeded by
256:
251:
36:
4118:28 February
4108:2015/104269
3916:: 121–156.
3805:. Toronto:
3730:Chaube 1975
3718:Sharma 1954
3598:Taylor 1902
3523:Taylor 1902
3489:24 February
2868:(1947–1960)
2858:(1947–1956)
2854:Kutch State
2848:(1948–1956)
2820:(1618–1947)
2809:(1819–1947)
2798:(1819–1947)
2794:Residencies
2787:(till 1948)
2776:(1858–1947)
2772:British Raj
2766:(1819–1858)
2762:Company Raj
2756:(1534–1961)
2743:(1819–1961)
2728:(1365–1947)
2724:Cutch State
2698:(1756–1819)
2688:(1573–1756)
2678:(1407–1573)
2668:(1320–1407)
2657:(1298–1320)
2646:(1298–1407)
2633:(1299–1819)
1931:Bhadra Fort
1663:Coinage of
1513:Tiro de Diu
1462:mercenaries
1456:, and free
1307:along with
1286:. In 1519,
823:Rana Kumbha
780:Jami Masjid
666:Abbas Rizvi
640:) caste of
490:was a late
419:(1554–1561)
413:(1537–1554)
389:(1511–1526)
383:(1458–1511)
371:(1451–1458)
365:(1442–1451)
359:(1411–1442)
353:(1407–1411)
252:Preceded by
107:(official)
96:(1484–1535)
87:(1407–1411)
4180:Categories
3825:1091716966
3780:, pp.391-8
3667:0226742210
3382:Misra 1963
2942:0226742210
2325:Epic India
2168:Jorwe Ware
2158:Malwa Ware
2047:Stone Age
2031:References
1953:Ahmed Shah
1847:April 2024
1817:newspapers
1383:Portuguese
1359:See also:
1313:Medini Rai
1288:Rana Sanga
1276:See also:
1192:AHMADNAGAR
858:South Asia
687:Chaudharis
658:Rāmacandra
636:) Khatri (
626:André Wink
614:Zafar Khan
517:Following
140:Government
127:(official)
4156:Ahmedabad
3930:0732-2992
3866:cite book
3858:568402132
3015:"Gujarat"
2494:Saindhava
2283:Janapadas
2261:Iron Age
2058:Stone Age
1681:tahsildár
1612:Chaulukya
1470:bodyguard
1388:Akbarnama
1369:Death of
1266:Champaner
1238:SULTANATE
1227:SULTANATE
1216:SULTANATE
1194:SULTANATE
1163:SULTANATE
1044:SULTANATE
1015:SHEKHAWAT
1006:JAISALMER
988:SULTANATE
957:SULTANATE
946:SULTANATE
935:SULTANATE
906:SULTANATE
878:SULTANATE
831:Daud Khan
815:Kapadvanj
803:Champaner
799:Dungarpur
764:Ahmedabad
735:ruler of
531:Ahmedabad
375:Daud Shah
121:Religion
94:Champaner
90:Ahmedabad
64:1394–1573
3991:Archived
3954:Archived
3938:25769695
3910:Muqarnas
3799:(2019).
3337:Thanesar
3045:(2024).
2662: –
2651: –
2484:Maitraka
2303: –
2292: –
2281: –
2208: –
2197: –
2186: –
2166: –
2156: –
2129: –
2094: –
1977:chattris
1933:and the
1879:minarets
1691:mukaddam
1673:parganáh
1644:thánadár
1605:mulkgíri
1523:firearms
1458:soldiers
1448:and the
1321:Chanderi
1309:Chanderi
1236:GOLKONDA
1183:GONDWANA
1172:GAJAPATI
1152:SUGAUNAS
933:KHANDESH
904:SHAH MIR
821:against
744:Jhalawad
737:Khandesh
572:emperor
560:wrested
492:medieval
237:Currency
130:Hinduism
55:Gujarati
3341:Haryana
3021:(ed.).
2878:(1960–)
2874:Gujarat
2835:(1947–)
2814: –
2803: –
2792: –
2781: –
2715:Gaekwad
2713: –
2703: –
2432: –
2374: –
2364: –
2354: –
2344: –
2334: –
1988:Gallery
1982:cupolas
1965:mihrabs
1831:scholar
1618:mantris
1600:khálsah
1411:Humayun
1375:Ottoman
1341:Rajputs
1214:BIJAPUR
1143:KAMATAS
1080:KARAULI
1042:GUJARAT
1033:BIKANER
997:AMARKOT
966:ARGHUNS
895:(Babur)
880:(LODIS)
860:1525 CE
827:Chittor
676:History
650:Haryana
574:Humayun
500:Gujarat
198:History
173:(first)
134:Jainism
105:Persian
81:Capital
4074:
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1946:Mughal
1875:mihrab
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1655:Fiscal
1649:sarkar
1636:muktiă
1631:sarkár
1495:. The
1474:Habshi
1466:slaves
1464:, and
1446:Africa
1337:Rajput
1262:Girnar
1258:Begada
1205:EMPIRE
1174:EMPIRE
1161:BENGAL
1125:TRIPWA
1116:DIMASA
1098:SIROHI
1062:MARWAR
986:LANGAH
976:KALMAT
915:KANGRA
819:Nagaur
642:Punjab
622:Rajput
618:Khatri
604:Origin
570:Mughal
568:. The
539:Rajput
442:under
395:(1526)
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3934:JSTOR
3177:1411.
3064:time.
3017:. In
1838:JSTOR
1824:books
1696:Desai
1686:Patel
1640:tháná
1485:subah
1481:Akbar
1454:China
1329:Delhi
1317:Malwa
1305:Malwa
1292:Malwa
1225:BIDAR
1107:VAGAD
1089:MEWAT
1071:AMBER
1053:MEWAR
1024:BUNDI
955:MALWA
944:BERAR
869:DELHI
755:from
753:Mahim
749:Thana
646:Delhi
638:khtry
586:Akbar
519:Timur
512:Delhi
444:Akbar
327:India
223:Akbar
125:Islam
4120:2017
4072:ISBN
4051:ISBN
4025:2012
3999:2019
3926:ISSN
3872:link
3854:OCLC
3844:ISBN
3821:OCLC
3811:ISBN
3774:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3491:2023
3456:ISBN
3429:ISBN
3402:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3325:ISBN
3283:ISBN
3256:ISBN
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3190:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3136:ISBN
3100:ISBN
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2994:ISBN
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