231:
219:, but it may be considered archaic today, or possibly even no longer be understood. Other less technical terms like 'national calling,' 'long distance calling' and so on are now more commonly used. The distinction between local and long distance / STD calls is also no longer relevant to many users, as calls are charged at flat or bundled rates. It is also necessary to dial area codes on some calls, especially from mobile phones, so they are considered part of the number.
1652:
34:
1662:
1641:
1672:
425:
These legacy codes dialled directly into Irish cities that had crossbar switching in the 1950s and 1960s, and predated the introduction of ISD in the UK. The Irish STD system evolved around the introduction of LM Ericsson ARM and ITT Pentaconta crossbar trunk/tandem switches, and did not use the UK's
238:
In the first half of the 20th century, telecommunication services developed progressively from completely manual setup of calls by operators called by subscribers, to automatic systems that could connect subscribers of the same local exchange through the use of
164:
Switching systems to enable automatic dialling of long distance calls by subscribers were introduced in the United
Kingdom on 5 December 1958. The system used area codes that were based on the letters in a town's name. A ceremonial first call was made by Queen
315:
was assigned a three-digit code, in which the second digit corresponded to the first letter of the city name on the telephone dial, except London which had the two-digit code 01. Codes were later changed (e.g., London became 020, and
Manchester 0161).
388:
In 1992, Ireland adopted the harmonised
European international access code 00, replacing the 16 prefix for international calls and the legacy arrangements for calling Britain. From that year, calls were made in the standard international format, i.e.
295:
calls. This term however, is still widely prevalent in India to describe any national call made outside one's local unit. A "subscriber" is someone who subscribes to, i.e. rents, a telephone line, and a "trunk call" is one made over a
399:
Calls to
Northern Ireland are now made by dialling 048 and the eight-digit local number, omitting the 028 STD code. This ensures calls are charged at lower rates. Alternatively, the full international code +44 28 can be used.
308:
In subscriber trunk dialing, each designated region of a country is identified by a unique numerical code (the STD code) that must be dialed as a prefix to each telephone number when placing calls.
254:
and first implemented in 1951, that enabled telephone subscriber to dial long-distance telephone calls themselves without calling an operator. In the United
Kingdom, a similar technology called
574:
362:
Calls to cities with director area codes could also still be made with the following codes; this was an older arrangement but the numbering remained in service until the 03 code was closed:
488:
426:
director approach. While these calls were international, they were processed within the UK STD infrastructure, without passing through an international gateway exchange.
348:. Calls were processed through the domestic STD networks and passed between the two networks as trunk traffic, without the need for international gateway exchanges.
344:
Because of the high volume of calls between the
Republic of Ireland and the UK, international direct dialling was implemented before the formal introduction of
916:
300:, i.e. a telephone line connecting two exchanges a long distance apart. Since all calls may be dialled direct today, the term has fallen into disuse.
284:
is used in the United
Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, India and South East Asia. In the UK, the term is obsolescent, better known as the
571:
498:
1624:
1596:
1591:
616:
448:
356:
Calls to
Northern Ireland were made by dialling 08 and the Northern Irish STD code, for example Belfast was reached by dialling 08 0232.
98:
51:
513:"Committee on Finance. - Vote 55—Posts and Telegraphs. – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – Wednesday, 15 Jul 1959 – Houses of the Oireachtas"
70:
443:
222:
Terms such as 'area code', 'prefix' or 'national dialling code' tend to be used in place of 'STD code' in the UK and in
Ireland.
77:
1618:
270:, the farthest distance a call could be directly dialled in the UK, on 5 December 1958. The STD system was completed in 1979.
1613:
1603:
1583:
1385:
84:
750:
429:
Calls to
Ireland are now made in the standard international format +353 (or 00 353) and special codes are no longer used.
291:
The introduction in the UK of subscriber dialling of long-distance calls removed the distinction that had existed between
1675:
1608:
1454:
1380:
66:
1474:
584:
345:
189:
117:
1259:
807:
609:
463:
273:
The technology was extended when, from 8 March 1963, subscribers in London were able to directly dial Paris using
1370:
384:
Calls to Belfast could also be dialled with 084 and the local six-digit number. Belfast was not a director area.
1365:
458:
55:
1390:
468:
359:
Calls to Britain were made by dialling 03 and the British STD code, e.g. 03 0222 XXX XXX or 03 061 XXX YYYY.
274:
1665:
1426:
1323:
866:
661:
633:
408:
These were dialled using the full international code 010 353, or using legacy short codes. Examples were:
1655:
1162:
602:
292:
1696:
1514:
1436:
1375:
1082:
453:
91:
1286:
1247:
1092:
992:
921:
854:
681:
312:
1645:
887:
822:
775:
735:
142:
512:
1484:
1469:
1313:
1264:
1187:
1087:
765:
651:
646:
251:
150:
44:
20:
1406:
1192:
1007:
952:
947:
760:
725:
547:
526:
1308:
1112:
1077:
997:
977:
899:
787:
708:
641:
1222:
1182:
1152:
909:
844:
666:
158:
8:
1232:
1172:
931:
893:
691:
676:
493:
230:
1459:
1416:
1347:
1217:
1147:
1122:
1057:
904:
625:
1499:
1421:
1335:
1318:
1281:
1127:
957:
926:
792:
686:
1167:
1504:
1464:
1444:
1411:
1340:
1298:
1212:
1067:
1052:
1027:
1002:
962:
812:
671:
656:
1132:
987:
755:
730:
718:
578:
181:
1330:
1202:
1177:
1137:
1107:
982:
817:
770:
745:
703:
240:
234:
Signboards of old STD booths (kiosks from which STD calls can be made) in India
216:
146:
1690:
1479:
1252:
1242:
1157:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1017:
839:
698:
285:
185:
589:
1357:
1197:
1142:
1072:
1037:
972:
871:
861:
713:
438:
259:
250:
in the United States and Canada developed methods and technologies, called
166:
1557:
1207:
1117:
1102:
1062:
1022:
881:
247:
204:
and its hinterland, and gradually to all areas with automatic exchanges.
197:
581:: information relating to the history of the telephone system in the UK.
548:"Events in Telecommunications History: 1979, 'BT's history', btplc.com/"
527:"Events in Telecommunications History: 1958, 'BT's history', btplc.com/"
1562:
1269:
967:
876:
832:
802:
780:
572:
The archives of BT including archives of its predecessor organizations
1547:
1012:
827:
594:
267:
208:
174:
33:
1542:
1532:
1449:
1274:
1097:
297:
196:. A full service was rolled out in 1958, initially to exchanges in
154:
1537:
1522:
740:
263:
193:
170:
1567:
1527:
849:
207:
The term 'STD call' was once commonly used in the UK, Ireland,
201:
184:
equipment, using regionally structured numbering, rather than
1552:
1489:
797:
212:
16:
Telecommunications technology and telephone numbering system
1494:
192:
in Ireland in 1957, with the first services being in
489:"International Subscriber Trunk Dialling introduced"
339:
157:by telephone subscribers without the assistance of
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
145:feature and telecommunications technology in the
1688:
403:
351:
610:
449:Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland
1625:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
396:, and the 03 range was withdrawn from use.
1661:
617:
603:
585:1958: Trunk dialling heralds cheaper calls
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:
188:codes, was experimentally introduced by
444:Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
1689:
624:
598:
19:For a North American equivalent, see
1671:
590:BBC video of first call taking place
258:(STD) was ready by 1958, when Queen
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
13:
14:
1708:
565:
346:International Subscriber Dialling
303:
1670:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1260:Free-space optical communication
464:Telephone numbers in New Zealand
340:Calls between the UK and Ireland
32:
497:. 10 March 2017. Archived from
43:needs additional citations for
540:
519:
505:
481:
459:Telephone numbers in Australia
153:countries for the dialling of
1:
474:
469:List of country calling codes
275:international direct dialling
266:, publicised STD by dialling
243:installed in each telephone.
1646:Telecommunication portal
1427:Telecommunications equipment
404:Calls to Ireland from the UK
352:From the Republic of Ireland
180:A similar service, built on
7:
1163:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
432:
67:"Subscriber trunk dialling"
10:
1713:
867:Telecommunications history
454:Telephone numbers in India
225:
18:
1634:
1576:
1513:
1475:Public Switched Telephone
1435:
1399:
1356:
1297:
1287:telecommunication circuit
1248:Fiber-optic communication
1231:
993:Francis Blake (telephone)
940:
788:Optical telecommunication
632:
282:subscriber trunk dialling
256:subscriber trunk dialling
131:Subscriber trunk dialling
1386:Orbital angular-momentum
823:Satellite communications
662:Communications satellite
143:telephone numbering plan
1265:Molecular communication
1088:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
917:Undersea telegraph line
652:Cable protection system
252:direct distance dialing
139:subscriber toll dialing
21:Direct distance dialing
1407:Communication protocol
1193:Charles Sumner Tainter
1008:Walter Houser Brattain
953:Edwin Howard Armstrong
761:Information revolution
235:
1381:Polarization-division
1113:Narinder Singh Kapany
1078:Erna Schneider Hoover
998:Jagadish Chandra Bose
978:Alexander Graham Bell
709:online video platform
233:
159:switchboard operators
1223:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1183:Almon Brown Strowger
1153:Charles Grafton Page
808:Prepaid mobile phone
736:Electrical telegraph
52:improve this article
1173:Johann Philipp Reis
932:Wireless revolution
894:The Telephone Cases
751:Hydraulic telegraph
1371:Frequency-division
1348:Telephone exchange
1218:Charles Wheatstone
1148:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1123:Innocenzo Manzetti
1058:Reginald Fessenden
793:Optical telegraphy
626:Telecommunications
577:2011-02-20 at the
246:In the 1940s, the
236:
1697:Telephone numbers
1684:
1683:
1422:Store and forward
1417:Data transmission
1331:Network switching
1282:Transmission line
1128:Guglielmo Marconi
1093:Internet pioneers
958:Mohamed M. Atalla
927:Whistled language
501:on 11 March 2017.
311:Each city with a
137:), also known as
128:
127:
120:
102:
1704:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1515:Notable networks
1505:Wireless network
1445:Cellular network
1437:Types of network
1412:Computer network
1299:Network topology
1213:Thomas A. Watson
1068:Oliver Heaviside
1053:Philo Farnsworth
1028:Daniel Davis Jr.
1003:Charles Bourseul
963:John Logie Baird
672:Data compression
667:Computer network
619:
612:
605:
596:
595:
559:
558:
556:
555:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
523:
517:
516:
509:
503:
502:
485:
395:
394:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1572:
1509:
1431:
1395:
1352:
1301:
1293:
1234:
1227:
1133:Robert Metcalfe
988:Tim Berners-Lee
936:
756:Information Age
628:
623:
579:Wayback Machine
568:
563:
562:
553:
551:
546:
545:
541:
532:
530:
525:
524:
520:
511:
510:
506:
487:
486:
482:
477:
435:
406:
392:
390:
354:
342:
313:director system
306:
241:telephone dials
228:
215:, and parts of
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:Space-division
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1203:Camille Tissot
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Claude Shannon
1175:
1170:
1168:Tivadar Puskás
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Antonio Meucci
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:Charles K. Kao
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1083:Harold Hopkins
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Emile Berliner
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
942:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
922:Videotelephony
919:
914:
913:
912:
907:
897:
890:
885:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
852:
847:
837:
836:
835:
825:
820:
818:Radiotelephone
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
784:
783:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
704:Internet video
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
636:
630:
629:
622:
621:
614:
607:
599:
593:
592:
587:
582:
567:
566:External links
564:
561:
560:
539:
518:
504:
479:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
434:
431:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
405:
402:
386:
385:
382:
381:036 Manchester
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:032 Birmingham
367:
353:
350:
341:
338:
337:
336:
335:061 Manchester
333:
330:
327:
324:
323:021 Birmingham
321:
305:
304:Numbering plan
302:
293:trunk and toll
227:
224:
217:Southeast Asia
147:United Kingdom
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1709:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1391:Code-division
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Time-division
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:and switching
1300:
1296:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:optical fiber
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Coaxial cable
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Radia Perlman
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Lee de Forest
1046:
1044:
1043:Thomas Edison
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:Donald Davies
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Claude Chappe
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
896:
895:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Smoke signals
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
840:Semiconductor
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
699:Digital media
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
601:
600:
597:
591:
588:
586:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
569:
549:
543:
528:
522:
514:
508:
500:
496:
495:
494:The Telegraph
490:
484:
480:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
430:
427:
420:
418:Limerick 0006
417:
414:
411:
410:
409:
401:
397:
383:
380:
378:035 Liverpool
377:
374:
372:033 Edinburgh
371:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
349:
347:
334:
332:051 Liverpool
331:
328:
326:031 Edinburgh
325:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
309:
301:
299:
294:
289:
287:
286:UK area codes
283:
278:
276:
271:
269:
265:
262:, who was in
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
232:
223:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
122:
119:
111:
108:December 2011
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
1358:Multiplexing
1233:Transmission
1198:Nikola Tesla
1188:Henry Sutton
1143:Samuel Morse
1073:Robert Hooke
1038:Amos Dolbear
973:John Bardeen
892:
872:Telautograph
776:Mobile phone
731:Edholm's law
714:social media
647:Broadcasting
552:. Retrieved
550:. 2008-06-18
542:
531:. Retrieved
529:. 2008-06-18
521:
507:
499:the original
492:
483:
439:Trunk prefix
428:
424:
407:
398:
387:
361:
358:
355:
343:
310:
307:
290:
281:
279:
272:
260:Elizabeth II
255:
245:
237:
221:
206:
186:alphanumeric
179:
167:Elizabeth II
163:
151:Commonwealth
149:and various
138:
134:
130:
129:
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
1558:NPL network
1270:Radio waves
1208:Alfred Vail
1118:Hedy Lamarr
1103:Dawon Kahng
1063:Elisha Gray
1023:Yogen Dalal
948:Nasir Ahmed
882:Teleprinter
746:Heliographs
421:Galway 0009
412:Dublin 0001
375:034 Glasgow
329:041 Glasgow
248:Bell System
155:trunk calls
1604:Antarctica
1563:Toasternet
1485:Television
968:Paul Baran
900:Television
884:(teletype)
877:Telegraphy
855:transistor
833:Phryctoria
803:Photophone
781:Smartphone
771:Mass media
554:2008-08-12
533:2008-08-12
475:References
366:031 London
298:trunk line
78:newspapers
1588:Americas
1577:Locations
1548:Internet2
1309:Bandwidth
1013:Vint Cerf
910:streaming
888:Telephone
828:Semaphore
719:streaming
415:Cork 0002
320:01 London
280:The term
268:Edinburgh
209:Australia
200:and then
175:Edinburgh
1691:Category
1656:Category
1543:Internet
1533:CYCLADES
1450:Ethernet
1400:Concepts
1324:terminal
1275:wireless
1098:Bob Kahn
941:Pioneers
766:Internet
657:Cable TV
575:Archived
433:See also
182:crossbar
1676:Commons
1666:Outline
1619:Oceania
1538:FidoNet
1523:ARPANET
1336:circuit
905:digital
634:History
264:Bristol
226:History
194:Athlone
190:P&T
171:Bristol
141:, is a
92:scholar
1614:Europe
1584:Africa
1568:Usenet
1528:BITNET
1465:Mobile
1341:packet
850:MOSFET
845:device
642:Beacon
202:Dublin
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
1597:South
1592:North
1553:JANET
1490:Telex
1480:Radio
1319:Nodes
1314:Links
1235:media
813:Radio
798:Pager
726:Drums
692:video
687:image
677:audio
213:India
169:from
99:JSTOR
85:books
1609:Asia
1495:UUCP
1455:ISDN
198:Cork
71:news
1500:WAN
1470:NGN
1460:LAN
741:Fax
682:DCT
173:to
135:STD
54:by
1693::
491:.
393:44
391:00
288:.
277:.
211:,
177:.
161:.
1627:)
1623:(
618:e
611:t
604:v
557:.
536:.
515:.
133:(
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
