112:) but there is no consensus amongst astronomers on whether the formation process should be taken into account when classifying an object as a planet. Free-floating sub-brown dwarfs can be observationally indistinguishable from rogue planets, which originally formed around a star and were ejected from orbit. Similarly, a sub-brown dwarf formed free-floating in a star cluster may be captured into orbit around a star, making distinguishing sub-brown dwarfs and large planets also difficult. A definition for the term "sub-brown dwarf" was put forward by the
22:
2721:
4081:
4105:
4069:
4093:
2732:
2853:
926:
Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez
Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis,
3846:
3841:
3836:
230:
2M1207b orbits around a young brown dwarf with a circumstellar disk and itself is likely surrounded by a circumstellar disk. The mass ratio is well above the upper limit of q=0.04 for exoplanets.
3831:
368:
986:
Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Birkmann, S. M.; Manjavacas, E.; Valenti, J.; Alves de
Oliveira, C.; Beck, T. L.; Giardino, G.; Lützgendorf, N.; Rauscher, B. J.; Sirianni, M. (1 June 2023).
450:
1163:
Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A.; Kratter, Kaitlin M.; Mann, Andrew W.; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Kraus, Adam L.; Best, William M. J. (1 August 2018).
168:
At around 2022 the IAU working definition of an exoplanet excludes these objects as planets. The only fitting label would be as sub-brown dwarfs, but they are more often referred as
752:
Boss, Alan P.; Basri, Gibor; Kumar, Shiv S.; Liebert, James; Martín, Eduardo L.; Reipurth, Bo; Zinnecker, Hans (2003), "Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant
Planets, and ?",
2572:
3826:
1045:
Fontanive, Clémence; Allers, Katelyn N.; Pantoja, Blake; Biller, Beth; Dubber, Sophie; Zhang, Zhoujian; Dupuy, Trent; Liu, Michael C.; Albert, Loïc (1 December 2020).
3988:
3853:
726:
372:
212:. This definition requires a mass ratio of about q<0.04, but the mass ratio of WISE J0336−0143AB is q=0.61±0.05. It also does not fit the definition of a
782:; Lafreniere, David; Tamura, Motohide (2009), "Substellar Objects in Nearby Young Clusters (Sonyc): The Bottom of the Initial Mass Function in Ngc 1333",
3880:
3665:
3660:
180:
would include these as exoplanets. There is no consensus whether these companions of brown dwarfs should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets.
3821:
3284:
216:, because it is gravitationally bound to a brown dwarf (or possibly sub-brown dwarf). Therefore it only fits the definition of sub-brown dwarf.
3588:
1165:"The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the β Pic Moving Group"
619:
Delorme, P.; et al. (December 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4–7 Jupiter-mass rogue planet in the young moving group AB Doradus ?".
3559:
3142:
4140:
3875:
3419:
2827:
3595:
3858:
3695:
3424:
113:
3542:
4028:
3571:
4003:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3576:
2604:
116:(WGESP), which defined it as a free-floating body found in young star clusters below the lower mass cut-off of brown dwarfs.
3685:
3675:
3409:
3721:
3655:
2769:
602:
3088:
4013:
3863:
3670:
3547:
2579:
1898:
4046:
3680:
1106:"Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 2M0441+2301 AabBab: A Quadruple System Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Mass Regimes"
674:
314:
3741:
3731:
3219:
177:
4135:
3816:
3767:
3690:
3529:
2832:
2291:
399:
3772:
2584:
2221:
2205:
1240:
3998:
3645:
3600:
3479:
3469:
3464:
3449:
3444:
2631:
2498:
580:
3983:
3329:
881:
Etangs, A. Lecavelier des; Lissauer, Jack J. (17 March 2022). "The IAU Working
Definition of an Exoplanet".
3635:
3414:
2614:
2565:
2540:
1833:
3289:
153:
There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets.
66:
3978:
3777:
2555:
2535:
3436:
1918:
4059:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3554:
3214:
2619:
2550:
2520:
136:
contraction requires radiating away energy as heat and this is limited by the opacity of the gas. A 3 M
4041:
3791:
3459:
3244:
3128:
2626:
2503:
2480:
2062:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
4130:
3801:
3746:
3607:
3499:
3394:
3154:
2797:
1769:
1643:
1278:
290:
3514:
4023:
3726:
3650:
3224:
2762:
2545:
2296:
2095:
2005:
1965:
1947:
1873:
1444:
1370:
3736:
3617:
3229:
3179:
2706:
2686:
2458:
2453:
2351:
2246:
2195:
2000:
1990:
1663:
1461:
1429:
1320:
1303:
194:
WISE J0336−0143B, orbits a brown dwarf or sub-brown dwarf. The primary has a mass of 8.5 to 18
173:
3204:
4125:
3705:
3474:
3349:
3249:
3083:
2560:
2530:
2525:
2515:
2443:
2231:
1397:
503:
169:
62:
3274:
1678:
642:
4018:
3993:
3973:
3583:
3254:
3169:
2865:
2792:
2701:
2599:
2589:
2438:
2406:
2200:
1995:
1980:
1293:
1186:
1127:
1068:
1009:
950:
900:
853:
801:
761:
693:
638:
575:
70:
8:
4109:
3786:
3334:
3314:
3269:
3239:
3048:
3043:
2842:
2161:
2144:
1815:
1717:
1540:
672:
Luhman, K. L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun".
483:
189:
46:
2301:
1190:
1131:
1072:
1013:
954:
904:
857:
805:
765:
697:
124:
The smallest mass of gas cloud that could collapse to form a sub-brown dwarf is about 1
4097:
4085:
3382:
3299:
3259:
3174:
2874:
2755:
2696:
2657:
2609:
2594:
2508:
2448:
2371:
2281:
2251:
2241:
2185:
2107:
1798:
1434:
1233:
1176:
1117:
1058:
999:
940:
890:
843:
817:
791:
709:
683:
654:
628:
468:
1140:
1105:
813:
705:
3630:
3264:
3012:
3007:
2956:
2806:
2647:
2072:
2045:
2025:
1825:
1609:
1597:
1424:
1404:
1358:
1340:
1308:
1204:
1145:
1086:
1027:
968:
929:"JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4"
713:
570:
545:
523:
493:
157:
2132:
658:
4073:
4008:
3756:
3519:
3509:
3369:
3319:
3209:
3199:
3123:
3053:
3038:
2837:
2475:
2428:
2378:
2366:
2344:
2339:
2266:
2226:
2173:
1955:
1878:
1853:
1747:
1668:
1392:
1353:
1194:
1135:
1076:
1017:
958:
908:
861:
821:
809:
701:
646:
739:
650:
3454:
3294:
3194:
3118:
2887:
2465:
2334:
2178:
2149:
2090:
2085:
1960:
1688:
1653:
1587:
1533:
1528:
1473:
1283:
834:
Scholz, Aleks; Jayawardhana, Ray (2007), "Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF",
606:
912:
33:(multi-colored). As the sub-brown dwarf ages, it will gradually cool and shrink.
21:
16:
Astronomical objects of planetary size that did not form in orbit around a star
3359:
3354:
3159:
3068:
2724:
2490:
2329:
2156:
2127:
2102:
2035:
1724:
1592:
1478:
1380:
1270:
1260:
1199:
1164:
1081:
1046:
1022:
987:
963:
928:
253:
1047:"A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Young Low-mass Brown Dwarf in Ophiuchus"
599:
4119:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3164:
3103:
3058:
2997:
2992:
2967:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2676:
2470:
2433:
2401:
2276:
1985:
1808:
1779:
1757:
1375:
1348:
1325:
1226:
1208:
1149:
1090:
1031:
972:
109:
3640:
3625:
3504:
3401:
3324:
3093:
3073:
3063:
2961:
2897:
2736:
2411:
2361:
2356:
2256:
2139:
2122:
2080:
2050:
2040:
1975:
1858:
1803:
1784:
1764:
1742:
1734:
1577:
1570:
1409:
1330:
1313:
565:
550:
461:
213:
125:
89:
3566:
3344:
3339:
3309:
3279:
3234:
3189:
3184:
3113:
3098:
3033:
2977:
2972:
2938:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2652:
2324:
2316:
2306:
2286:
2261:
2190:
2112:
1868:
1843:
1838:
1752:
1712:
1673:
1638:
1621:
1616:
1288:
555:
540:
238:
Other examples of planetary-mass objects orbiting brown dwarfs and with M
54:
3537:
3304:
3078:
3002:
2928:
2907:
2236:
1933:
1906:
1883:
1863:
1848:
1700:
1604:
1582:
1560:
1555:
1419:
2987:
2982:
2948:
2933:
2822:
2423:
2271:
2055:
2020:
2015:
2010:
1970:
1923:
1913:
1707:
1683:
1658:
1565:
1516:
1449:
1439:
1414:
1387:
1363:
1298:
778:
Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent; Jayawardhana, Ray; Fissel, Laura;
560:
209:
74:
848:
796:
3377:
2416:
2117:
1791:
1550:
1523:
1181:
1122:
1063:
1004:
988:"JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B"
945:
895:
865:
478:
688:
633:
3389:
2691:
2166:
1928:
1695:
1648:
1631:
1626:
1545:
779:
225:
133:
30:
985:
925:
3700:
3028:
2852:
2787:
2681:
2669:
1888:
1774:
513:
105:
58:
600:
Working Group on
Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet"
2747:
777:
1104:
Bowler, Brendan P.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (1 October 2015).
1044:
208:. This object does not fit the IAU working definition of an
2030:
1249:
101:
50:
2731:
3989:
2396:
26:
1218:
609:
POSITION STATEMENT ON THE DEFINITION OF A "PLANET" (IAU)
92:
whereas others call them planetary-mass brown dwarfs.
4057:
751:
402:
317:
1162:
143:
833:
740:'Position Statement on the Definition of "Planet"'
444:
362:
3666:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
3661:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
1103:
4117:
3285:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
363:{\displaystyle q={M_{Bb} \over M_{Ba}}>0.36}
880:
727:What is a Planet? Debate Forces New Definition
2763:
1234:
665:
148:
100:Sub-brown dwarfs are formed in the manner of
29:(yellow), a young sub-brown dwarf (red), and
445:{\displaystyle q={M_{c} \over M_{AB}}=0.13}
2770:
2756:
1241:
1227:
612:
2828:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
1198:
1180:
1139:
1121:
1080:
1062:
1021:
1003:
962:
944:
894:
847:
795:
687:
632:
163:
3696:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
140:candidate is described in a 2007 paper.
114:IAU Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets
20:
618:
4118:
729:, by Robert Roy Britt, 2 November 2000
671:
4004:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
2751:
1222:
3686:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
3676:Habitability of neutron star systems
876:
874:
65:, therefore by definition below the
4029:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
3656:Habitability of binary star systems
201:and secondary has a mass of 5-11.5
183:
172:. Other definitions, like from the
119:
13:
4014:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
3671:Habitability of natural satellites
132:). This is because to collapse by
49:that formed in the same manner as
14:
4152:
3681:Habitability of red dwarf systems
871:
675:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
144:List of possible sub-brown dwarfs
4141:Free-floating substellar objects
4103:
4091:
4079:
4067:
3778:Stars with proto-planetary discs
3742:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
3732:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
3220:Extraterrestrial sample curation
2851:
2730:
2720:
2719:
455:
178:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
57:(i.e. through the collapse of a
3691:Habitable zone for complex life
3129:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
2833:Methods of detecting exoplanets
1156:
1097:
1038:
979:
919:
3872:Discovered exoplanets by year
2777:
827:
771:
745:
732:
720:
593:
95:
88:). Some researchers call them
1:
3999:Extrasolar planets in fiction
3646:Extraterrestrial liquid water
2632:Timeline of stellar astronomy
586:
581:Lists of astronomical objects
4019:Planets in globular clusters
3636:Circumstellar habitable zone
621:Astronomy & Astrophysics
104:, through the collapse of a
7:
3979:Exoplanet naming convention
3089:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
2292:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
1141:10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L30
913:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641
814:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/805
706:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18
651:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984
534:
10:
4157:
3215:Extraterrestrial materials
2849:
2206:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
223:
219:
187:
149:Orbiting one or more stars
108:(perhaps with the help of
43:planetary-mass brown dwarf
4042:Discoveries of exoplanets
4037:
3966:
3755:
3714:
3616:
3528:
3435:
3368:
3245:Interplanetary dust cloud
3141:
3021:
2947:
2873:
2860:
2815:
2783:
2715:
2640:
2489:
2387:
2315:
2214:
2071:
1946:
1824:
1733:
1469:
1460:
1339:
1269:
1256:
1248:
1110:The Astrophysical Journal
1051:The Astrophysical Journal
992:The Astrophysical Journal
933:The Astrophysical Journal
836:The Astrophysical Journal
784:The Astrophysical Journal
605:16 September 2006 at the
530:about 80 light years away
291:2MASS J04414489+2301513Bb
233:
3747:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
3722:Nearby Habitable Systems
3608:Transit-timing variation
2585:With multiple exoplanets
1200:10.3847/1538-3881/aacbc2
1169:The Astronomical Journal
1082:10.3847/2041-8213/abcaf8
1023:10.3847/2041-8213/acd635
964:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d
927:John E. (1 April 2023).
475:about 7 light years away
4024:Small planet radius gap
3727:Exoplanet Data Explorer
3651:Galactic habitable zone
3225:Giant-impact hypothesis
1371:Asymptotic giant branch
643:2012A&A...548A..26D
4136:Planetary-mass objects
3984:Exoplanet phase curves
3822:Terrestrial candidates
3773:Multiplanetary systems
3737:NASA Exoplanet Archive
3420:Mean-motion resonances
3230:Gravitational collapse
3180:Circumstellar envelope
2707:Tidal disruption event
2196:Circumstellar envelope
1430:Luminous blue variable
446:
364:
174:NASA Exoplanet Archive
170:planetary mass objects
164:Orbiting a brown dwarf
34:
3859:Potentially habitable
3764:Exoplanetary systems
3706:Superhabitable planet
3465:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
3350:Sample-return mission
3250:Interplanetary medium
2232:Effective temperature
883:New Astronomy Reviews
447:
365:
24:
3994:Extragalactic planet
3974:Carl Sagan Institute
3255:Interplanetary space
3170:Circumplanetary disk
2843:Planet-hosting stars
2702:Planet-hosting stars
2580:With resolved images
2551:Historical brightest
2481:Photometric-standard
2407:Solar radio emission
2201:Eddington luminosity
1981:Triple-alpha process
1919:Thorne–Żytkow object
1294:Young stellar object
576:List of planet types
520:550 light years away
510:130 light years away
500:163 light years away
400:
315:
71:thermonuclear fusion
3335:Protoplanetary disk
3315:Planetary migration
3270:Interstellar medium
3049:Circumtriple planet
3044:Circumbinary planet
2526:Highest temperature
2297:Color–color diagram
2162:Protoplanetary disk
1966:Proton–proton chain
1644:Chemically peculiar
1191:2018AJ....156...57D
1132:2015ApJ...811L..30B
1073:2020ApJ...905L..14F
1014:2023ApJ...949L..36L
955:2023ApJ...947L..30C
905:2022NewAR..9401641L
858:2008ApJ...672L..49S
806:2009ApJ...702..805S
766:2003IAUS..211..529B
698:2014ApJ...786L..18L
490:13 light years away
373:2MASS J0249-0557ABc
158:2MASS J0441+2301 Bb
47:astronomical object
3300:Nebular hypothesis
3275:Interstellar space
3260:Interstellar cloud
3240:Internal structure
3175:Circumstellar disc
2531:Lowest temperature
2282:Photometric system
2252:Absolute magnitude
2186:Circumstellar dust
1799:Stellar black hole
1435:Stellar population
1321:Herbig–Haro object
742:, 28 February 2003
442:
360:
35:
4055:
4054:
3631:Astrooceanography
3265:Interstellar dust
3137:
3136:
3013:Ultra-hot Neptune
3008:Ultra-hot Jupiter
2957:Eccentric Jupiter
2807:Planetary science
2745:
2744:
2648:Substellar object
2627:Planetary nebulae
2046:Luminous red nova
1956:Deuterium burning
1942:
1941:
1425:Instability strip
1405:Wolf-Rayet nebula
1359:Horizontal branch
1304:Pre-main-sequence
571:Substellar object
546:Fusor (astronomy)
504:CFBDSIR 2149−0403
494:Cha 110913-773444
434:
352:
61:) but that has a
4148:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4009:Neptunian desert
3395:Tidally detached
3330:Planet formation
3320:Planetary system
3210:Exozodiacal dust
3200:Disrupted planet
3124:Ultra-cool dwarf
3054:Disrupted planet
3039:Chthonian planet
2871:
2870:
2855:
2838:Planetary system
2772:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2737:Stars portal
2735:
2734:
2723:
2722:
2379:Planetary system
2302:Strömgren sphere
2174:Asteroseismology
1895:Black hole star
1467:
1466:
1393:Planetary nebula
1354:Red-giant branch
1243:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1184:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1125:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1066:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1007:
983:
977:
976:
966:
948:
923:
917:
916:
898:
878:
869:
868:
851:
831:
825:
824:
799:
775:
769:
768:
749:
743:
736:
730:
724:
718:
717:
691:
669:
663:
662:
636:
616:
610:
597:
451:
449:
448:
443:
435:
433:
432:
420:
419:
410:
389:
388:
387:
369:
367:
366:
361:
353:
351:
350:
338:
337:
325:
304:
302:
287:
286:
285:
270:
269:
268:
184:WISE J0336−0143B
120:Lower mass limit
80:
25:Comparison: the
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4131:Types of planet
4116:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4047:Search projects
4033:
3962:
3751:
3710:
3612:
3584:Radial velocity
3524:
3480:K/Orange dwarfs
3470:G/Yellow dwarfs
3431:
3425:Titius–Bode law
3364:
3295:Molecular cloud
3195:Detached object
3146:
3144:
3133:
3119:Toroidal planet
3109:Sub-brown dwarf
3017:
2943:
2915:(Super-Mercury)
2888:Coreless planet
2864:
2862:
2856:
2847:
2811:
2779:
2776:
2746:
2741:
2729:
2711:
2636:
2605:Milky Way novae
2541:Smallest volume
2485:
2466:Radial velocity
2389:
2383:
2335:Common envelope
2311:
2210:
2179:Helioseismology
2150:Bipolar outflow
2091:Microturbulence
2086:Convection zone
2067:
1961:Lithium burning
1948:Nucleosynthesis
1938:
1820:
1729:
1456:
1335:
1284:Molecular cloud
1265:
1252:
1247:
1217:
1216:
1161:
1157:
1102:
1098:
1043:
1039:
984:
980:
924:
920:
879:
872:
832:
828:
776:
772:
750:
746:
737:
733:
725:
721:
670:
666:
617:
613:
607:Wayback Machine
598:
594:
589:
537:
529:
519:
509:
499:
489:
474:
458:
425:
421:
415:
411:
409:
401:
398:
397:
395:
392:
385:
383:
382:
380:
378:
343:
339:
330:
326:
324:
316:
313:
312:
310:
307:
300:
298:
296:
283:
281:
280:
278:
276:
273:
266:
264:
263:
261:
259:
254:CFHTWIR-Oph 98B
249:and q>0.04:
248:
245:
241:
236:
228:
222:
207:
204:
200:
197:
192:
190:WISE J0336−0143
186:
166:
151:
146:
139:
131:
122:
98:
87:
84:
78:
39:sub-brown dwarf
17:
12:
11:
5:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3596:Transit method
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3543:Direct imaging
3540:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3360:Star formation
3357:
3355:Scattered disc
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3205:Excretion disk
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Accretion disk
3157:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Eyeball planet
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Largest volume
2533:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2247:Magnetic field
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:Accretion disk
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2133:Alfvén surface
2130:
2128:Stellar corona
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2103:Radiation zone
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1725:Blue straggler
1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:Main sequence
1481:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1462:Classification
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:Protoplanetary
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1155:
1096:
1037:
978:
918:
870:
866:10.1086/526340
842:(1): L49–L52,
826:
790:(1): 805–822,
770:
744:
731:
719:
664:
611:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
536:
533:
532:
531:
527:
521:
517:
511:
507:
501:
497:
491:
487:
481:
476:
472:
469:WISE 0855–0714
457:
454:
453:
452:
441:
438:
431:
428:
424:
418:
414:
408:
405:
393:
390:
376:
370:
359:
356:
349:
346:
342:
336:
333:
329:
323:
320:
308:
305:
294:
288:
274:
271:
257:
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
224:Main article:
221:
218:
205:
202:
198:
195:
188:Main article:
185:
182:
165:
162:
161:
160:
150:
147:
145:
142:
137:
129:
121:
118:
97:
94:
85:
82:
63:planetary mass
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4153:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3520:Yellow giants
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Merging stars
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Asteroid belt
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3140:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Pulsar planet
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Double planet
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:Super-Neptune
2996:
2994:
2993:Super-Jupiter
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Helium planet
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:Hycean planet
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Desert planet
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Carbon planet
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Intergalactic
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Galactic year
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Most luminous
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Proper motion
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Constellation
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Solar eclipse
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:Earth-centric
2386:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
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2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
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2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Alpha process
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:Helium planet
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Parker's star
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Lambda Boötis
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
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1637:
1633:
1630:
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1623:
1620:
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1608:
1607:
1606:
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1599:
1596:
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1584:
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1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
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1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1535:
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1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Superluminous
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Main sequence
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Hayashi track
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
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1268:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
922:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
892:
888:
884:
877:
875:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
845:
841:
837:
830:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
774:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
741:
735:
728:
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
676:
668:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
630:
626:
622:
615:
608:
604:
601:
596:
592:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
525:
524:PSO J318.5−22
522:
515:
512:
505:
502:
495:
492:
485:
482:
480:
477:
470:
467:
466:
465:
463:
462:rogue planets
456:Free-floating
439:
436:
429:
426:
422:
416:
412:
406:
403:
374:
371:
357:
354:
347:
344:
340:
334:
331:
327:
321:
318:
292:
289:
255:
252:
251:
250:
231:
227:
217:
215:
211:
191:
181:
179:
175:
171:
159:
156:
155:
154:
141:
135:
134:gravitational
127:
117:
115:
111:
110:photo-erosion
107:
103:
93:
91:
90:rogue planets
76:
72:
68:
67:limiting mass
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4126:Brown dwarfs
4110:Solar System
3864:Proper names
3641:Earth analog
3626:Astrobiology
3618:Habitability
3555:Microlensing
3515:White dwarfs
3485:M/Red dwarfs
3475:Herbig Ae/Be
3460:Brown dwarfs
3402:Rogue planet
3383:Interstellar
3325:Planetesimal
3108:
3094:Planetesimal
3074:Giant planet
3064:Ecumenopolis
2962:Mini-Neptune
2898:Dwarf planet
2662:
2600:White dwarfs
2590:Brown dwarfs
2573:Most distant
2521:Most massive
2499:Proper names
2459:Photographic
2412:Solar System
2390:observations
2317:Star systems
2140:Stellar wind
2123:Chromosphere
2096:Oscillations
1976:Helium flash
1826:Hypothetical
1804:X-ray binary
1743:Compact star
1578:Bright giant
1331:Henyey track
1309:Herbig Ae/Be
1172:
1168:
1158:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1054:
1050:
1040:
995:
991:
981:
936:
932:
921:
886:
882:
839:
835:
829:
787:
783:
773:
757:
754:Brown Dwarfs
753:
747:
734:
722:
679:
673:
667:
624:
620:
614:
595:
566:Rogue planet
551:Giant planet
484:UGPS 0722-05
460:Also called
459:
237:
229:
214:rogue planet
193:
167:
152:
126:Jupiter mass
123:
99:
55:brown dwarfs
42:
38:
36:
18:
4098:Outer space
4086:Spaceflight
3876:before 2000
3792:Discoveries
3567:Polarimetry
3455:Binary star
3345:Rubble pile
3340:Ring system
3310:Outer space
3280:Kuiper belt
3235:Hills cloud
3190:Debris disk
3185:Cosmic dust
3114:Sub-Neptune
3099:Protoplanet
3034:Brown dwarf
3022:Other types
2978:Hot Neptune
2973:Hot Jupiter
2964:(Gas dwarf)
2939:Super-Earth
2924:Ocean world
2919:Lava planet
2913:Iron planet
2875:Terrestrial
2816:Main topics
2653:Brown dwarf
2429:Circumpolar
2307:Kraft break
2287:Color index
2262:Metallicity
2222:Designation
2191:Cosmic dust
2113:Photosphere
1879:Dark-energy
1854:Electroweak
1839:Black dwarf
1770:Radio-quiet
1753:White dwarf
1639:White dwarf
1289:Bok globule
849:0711.2510v1
797:0907.2243v1
738:IAU WGESP,
556:Hot Jupiter
541:Brown dwarf
96:Description
4120:Categories
3787:Exoplanets
3768:Host stars
3715:Catalogues
3538:Astrometry
3500:Subdwarf B
3437:Host stars
3410:Retrograde
3305:Oort cloud
3143:Formation
3079:Mesoplanet
3003:Super-puff
2929:Mega-Earth
2908:Ice planet
2793:Definition
2778:Exoplanets
2615:Candidates
2610:Supernovae
2595:Red dwarfs
2454:Extinction
2242:Kinematics
2237:Luminosity
2215:Properties
2108:Atmosphere
2006:Si burning
1996:Ne burning
1934:White hole
1907:Quasi-star
1834:Blue dwarf
1689:Technetium
1605:Hypergiant
1583:Supergiant
1182:1807.05235
1123:1509.01658
1116:(2): L30.
1064:2011.08871
1057:(2): L14.
1005:2305.18603
998:(2): L36.
946:2303.16923
939:(2): L30.
896:2203.09520
889:: 101641.
682:(2): L18.
587:References
4074:Astronomy
3881:2000–2009
3847:1501–2000
3842:1001–1500
3530:Detection
3495:Red giant
3155:Accretion
3147:evolution
2988:Ice giant
2983:Gas giant
2934:Sub-Earth
2823:Exoplanet
2546:Brightest
2444:Magnitude
2424:Pole star
2345:Symbiotic
2340:Eclipsing
2272:Starlight
2073:Structure
2063:Supernova
2056:Micronova
2051:Recurrent
2036:Symbiotic
2021:p-process
2016:r-process
2011:s-process
2001:O burning
1991:C burning
1971:CNO cycle
1914:Gravastar
1450:Hypernova
1440:Supernova
1415:Dredge-up
1388:Blue loop
1381:super-AGB
1364:Red clump
1341:Evolution
1299:Protostar
1279:Accretion
1271:Formation
1209:0004-6256
1175:(2): 57.
1150:0004-637X
1091:0004-637X
1032:0004-637X
973:0004-637X
714:119102654
689:1404.6501
634:1210.0305
561:Red dwarf
293:, with M
210:exoplanet
106:gas cloud
75:deuterium
59:gas cloud
3837:501–1000
3817:Heaviest
3797:Extremes
3505:Subgiant
3378:Exocomet
2725:Category
2620:Remnants
2516:Extremes
2476:Parallax
2449:Apparent
2439:Asterism
2417:Sunlight
2367:Globular
2352:Multiple
2277:Variable
2267:Rotation
2227:Dynamics
2118:Starspot
1792:Magnetar
1735:Remnants
1551:Subgiant
1524:Subdwarf
1376:post-AGB
780:Lee, Eve
659:50935950
603:Archived
535:See also
479:S Ori 52
375:, with M
256:, with M
4060:Portals
3812:Largest
3807:Nearest
3510:T Tauri
3406:Orbits
3390:Exomoon
3370:Systems
3084:Planemo
2949:Gaseous
2692:Gravity
2641:Related
2561:Nearest
2509:Chinese
2357:Cluster
2330:Contact
2167:Proplyd
2041:Remnant
1929:Blitzar
1903:Hawking
1859:Strange
1809:Burster
1765:Neutron
1718:Extreme
1669:He-weak
1314:T Tauri
1187:Bibcode
1128:Bibcode
1069:Bibcode
1010:Bibcode
951:Bibcode
901:Bibcode
854:Bibcode
822:5102383
802:Bibcode
762:Bibcode
760:: 529,
694:Bibcode
639:Bibcode
627:: A26.
486:10–25 M
242:<13
226:2M1207b
220:2M1207b
176:or the
77:(about
31:Jupiter
3827:Kepler
3802:Firsts
3701:Tholin
3572:Timing
3490:Pulsar
3415:Trojan
3029:Blanet
2788:Planet
2682:Galaxy
2670:Planet
2658:Desert
2566:bright
2504:Arabic
2325:Binary
2145:Bubble
1869:Planck
1844:Exotic
1780:Binary
1775:Pulsar
1713:Helium
1674:Barium
1617:Carbon
1610:Yellow
1598:Yellow
1571:Yellow
1410:PG1159
1207:
1148:
1089:
1030:
971:
820:
712:
657:
516:11.5 M
514:OTS 44
496:5–15 M
471:3–10 M
284:−0.023
282:+0.017
277:and q=
234:Others
81:
45:is an
3967:Other
3832:1–500
3757:Lists
2866:types
2861:Sizes
2687:Guest
2491:Lists
2372:Super
2026:Fusor
1899:Black
1884:Quark
1864:Preon
1849:Boson
1785:X-ray
1701:Shell
1654:Ap/Bp
1556:Giant
1474:Early
1420:OH/IR
1250:Stars
1177:arXiv
1118:arXiv
1059:arXiv
1000:arXiv
941:arXiv
891:arXiv
844:arXiv
818:S2CID
792:arXiv
710:S2CID
684:arXiv
655:S2CID
629:arXiv
526:6–8 M
506:4–7 M
279:0.509
102:stars
51:stars
3956:2024
3951:2023
3946:2022
3941:2021
3936:2020
3931:2019
3926:2018
3921:2017
3916:2016
3911:2015
3906:2014
3901:2013
3896:2012
3891:2011
3886:2010
3601:list
3589:list
3577:list
3560:list
3548:list
3145:and
2863:and
2362:Open
2257:Mass
2081:Core
2031:Nova
1924:Iron
1874:Dark
1684:Lead
1664:HgMn
1659:CEMP
1588:Blue
1561:Blue
1479:Late
1261:List
1205:ISSN
1146:ISSN
1087:ISSN
1028:ISSN
969:ISSN
440:0.13
396:and
386:−1.0
384:+1.3
381:11.6
358:0.36
355:>
311:and
267:−0.8
265:+0.4
262:11.6
69:for
53:and
2798:IAU
2663:Sub
2397:Sun
1816:SGR
1593:Red
1566:Red
1195:doi
1173:156
1136:doi
1114:811
1077:doi
1055:905
1018:doi
996:949
959:doi
937:947
909:doi
862:doi
840:672
810:doi
788:702
758:211
702:doi
680:786
647:doi
625:548
303:1.8
299:9.8
73:of
41:or
27:Sun
4122::
3854:K2
1696:Be
1649:Am
1632:CH
1627:CN
1546:OB
1541:WR
1203:.
1193:.
1185:.
1171:.
1167:.
1144:.
1134:.
1126:.
1112:.
1108:.
1085:.
1075:.
1067:.
1053:.
1049:.
1026:.
1016:.
1008:.
994:.
990:.
967:.
957:.
949:.
935:.
931:.
907:.
899:.
887:94
885:.
873:^
860:,
852:,
838:,
816:,
808:,
800:,
786:,
756:,
708:.
700:.
692:.
678:.
653:.
645:.
637:.
623:.
464::
295:Bb
128:(M
79:13
37:A
4062::
3450:B
3445:A
2771:e
2764:t
2757:v
1889:Q
1708:B
1622:S
1534:B
1529:O
1517:M
1512:K
1507:G
1502:F
1497:A
1492:B
1487:O
1242:e
1235:t
1228:v
1211:.
1197::
1189::
1179::
1152:.
1138::
1130::
1120::
1093:.
1079::
1071::
1061::
1034:.
1020::
1012::
1002::
975:.
961::
953::
943::
915:.
911::
903::
893::
864::
856::
846::
812::
804::
794::
764::
716:.
704::
696::
686::
661:.
649::
641::
631::
528:J
518:J
508:J
498:J
488:J
473:J
437:=
430:B
427:A
423:M
417:c
413:M
407:=
404:q
394:J
391:M
379:=
377:c
348:a
345:B
341:M
335:b
332:B
328:M
322:=
319:q
309:J
306:M
301:±
297:=
275:J
272:M
260:=
258:B
247:J
244:M
240:B
206:J
203:M
199:J
196:M
138:J
130:J
86:J
83:M
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