Planet - Knowledge

2276: 2373: 17188: 481: 472: 4005:, though it is possible to find each symbol in the other context. The first few asteroids were considered to be planets when they were discovered, and were likewise given abstract symbols, e.g. Ceres' sickle (⚳), Pallas' spear (⚴), Juno's sceptre (⚵), and Vesta's hearth (⚶). However, as their number rose further and further, this practice stopped in favour of numbering them instead. (Massalia, the first asteroid not named from mythology, is also the first asteroid that was not assigned a symbol by its discoverer.) The symbols for the first four asteroids, Ceres through Vesta, remained in use for longer than the others, and even in the modern day 366: 1285: 1815: 354: 4099: 1251:. In the Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Ceres, and Jupiter have very small tilts; Pallas, Uranus, and Pluto have extreme ones; and Earth, Mars, Vesta, Saturn, and Neptune have moderate ones. Among exoplanets, axial tilts are not known for certain, though most hot Jupiters are believed to have a negligible axial tilt as a result of their proximity to their stars. Similarly, the axial tilts of the planetary-mass moons are near zero, with Earth's Moon at 6.687° as the biggest exception; additionally, Callisto's axial tilt varies between 0 and about 2 degrees on timescales of thousands of years. 1247:. Each planet has two in the course of its orbit; when one hemisphere has its summer solstice with its day being the longest, the other has its winter solstice when its day is shortest. The varying amount of light and heat received by each hemisphere creates annual changes in weather patterns for each half of the planet. Jupiter's axial tilt is very small, so its seasonal variation is minimal; Uranus, on the other hand, has an axial tilt so extreme it is virtually on its side, which means that its hemispheres are either continually in sunlight or continually in darkness around the time of 2707: 610: 1880: 1050: 4135: 4126: 4030: 3930: 822: 4170:, and similar units are common in astronomy. Other planetary symbols today are mostly encountered in astrology. Astrologers have resurrected the old astronomical symbols for the first few asteroids and continue to invent symbols for other objects. This includes relatively standard astrological symbols for the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, which were not given symbols by astronomers because planetary symbols had mostly fallen out of use in astronomy by the time they were discovered. Many astrological symbols are included in 2610:

non-planets, this created an urgent situation because under the rules Eris could not be named without defining what a planet was. At the time, it was also thought that the size required for a trans-Neptunian object to become round was about the same as that required for the moons of the giant planets (about 400 km diameter), a figure that would have suggested about 200 round objects in the Kuiper belt and thousands more beyond. Many astronomers argued that the public would not accept a definition creating a large number of planets.

4093: 3939: 3906: 3861: 4117: 4108: 4075: 4066: 3924: 3915: 4084: 3879: 4153: 4057: 4039: 3870: 1987: 4144: 4048: 3897: 3852: 3888: 40: 3263:, believed that the seven gods after whom the planets were named took hourly shifts in looking after affairs on Earth. The order of shifts went Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon (from the farthest to the closest planet). Therefore, the first day was started by Saturn (1st hour), second day by Sun (25th hour), followed by Moon (49th hour), Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus. Because each day was named by the god that started it, this became the order of the 2747:

hydrostatic equilibrium is universally relaxed to a requirement for rounding and compaction under self-gravity; Mercury is not actually in hydrostatic equilibrium, but is universally included as a planet regardless.) Proponents of such definitions often argue that location should not matter and that planethood should be defined by the intrinsic properties of an object. Dwarf planets had been proposed as a category of small planet (as opposed to

1212: 1661: 2242:, the Greeks had begun to develop their own mathematical schemes for predicting the positions of the planets. These schemes, which were based on geometry rather than the arithmetic of the Babylonians, would eventually eclipse the Babylonians' theories in complexity and comprehensiveness and account for most of the astronomical movements observed from Earth with the naked eye. These theories would reach their fullest expression in the 1318:(that is, their orbits are in sync with their rotations). This means, they always show one face to their stars, with one side in perpetual day, the other in perpetual night. Mercury and Venus, the closest planets to the Sun, similarly exhibit very slow rotation: Mercury is tidally locked into a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance (rotating three times for every two revolutions around the Sun), and Venus's rotation may be in equilibrium between 1902:, often called "moons". Earth has one, Mars has two, and the giant planets have numerous moons in complex planetary-type systems. Except for Ceres and Sedna, all the consensus dwarf planets are known to have at least one moon as well. Many moons of the giant planets have features similar to those on the terrestrial planets and dwarf planets, and some have been studied as possible abodes of life (especially Europa and Enceladus). 1573: 18917: 2424:) and five of Saturn were discovered in the 17th century, they joined Earth's Moon in the category of "satellite planets" or "secondary planets" orbiting the primary planets, though in the following decades they would come to be called simply "satellites" for short. Scientists generally considered planetary satellites to also be planets until about the 1920s, although this usage was not common among non-scientists. 674:, a population that never comes close enough to the Sun to interact with any of the classical planets; the origins of their orbits are still being debated. All nine are similar to terrestrial planets in having a solid surface, but they are made of ice and rock rather than rock and metal. Moreover, all of them are smaller than Mercury, with Pluto being the largest known dwarf planet and Eris being the most massive. 18941: 17164: 1636:. Similar differentiation processes are believed to have occurred on some of the large moons and dwarf planets, though the process may not always have been completed: Ceres, Callisto, and Titan appear to be incompletely differentiated. The asteroid Vesta, though not a dwarf planet because it was battered by impacts out of roundness, has a differentiated interior similar to that of Venus, Earth, and Mars. 18953: 17176: 18929: 3186: 18905: 2928:. Although objects more massive than 75 times that of Jupiter fuse simple hydrogen, objects of 13 Jupiter masses can fuse deuterium. Deuterium is quite rare, constituting less than 0.0026% of the hydrogen in the galaxy, and most brown dwarfs would have ceased fusing deuterium long before their discovery, making them effectively indistinguishable from supermassive planets. 17410: 2984:

long; unlike hydrogen burning in a star, deuterium burning does not significantly affect the future evolution of an object. The relationship between mass and radius (or density) show no special feature at this limit, according to which brown dwarfs have the same physics and internal structure as lighter Jovian planets, and would more naturally be considered planets.

3081:. There are too many concordances between Greek and Babylonian naming conventions for them to have arisen separately. Given the differences in mythology, the correspondence was not perfect. For instance, the Babylonian Nergal was a god of war, and thus the Greeks identified him with Ares. Unlike Ares, Nergal was also a god of pestilence and ruler of the underworld. 12182:

knowledge in southern Iraq as early as the Late Uruk / Jemdet Nasr Period, as do the archaic texts of the period. Whether or not one accepts the seal as authentic, the fact that there is no epithetical distinction between the morning and evening appearances of Venus in any later Mesopotamian literature attests to a very, very early recognition of the phenomenon.

1169:, is the plane perpendicular to the observer's line of sight from Earth. The orbits of the eight major planets of the Solar System all lie very close to the ecliptic; however, some smaller objects like Pallas, Pluto, and Eris orbit at far more extreme angles to it, as do comets. The large moons are generally not very inclined to their parent planets' 2798:, like the early modern astronomers. Some go even further and include as planets relatively large, geologically evolved bodies that are nonetheless not very round today, such as Pallas and Vesta; rounded bodies that were completely disrupted by impacts and re-accreted like Hygiea; or even everything at least the diameter of Saturn's moon 977:, with a mass 5.5–10.4 times the mass of Earth, attracted attention upon its discovery for potentially being in the habitable zone, though later studies concluded that it is actually too close to its star to be habitable. Planets more massive than Jupiter are also known, extending seamlessly into the realm of brown dwarfs. 1469:. This effectively means that all planets are spherical or spheroidal. Up to a certain mass, an object can be irregular in shape, but beyond that point, which varies depending on the chemical makeup of the object, gravity begins to pull an object towards its own centre of mass until the object collapses into a sphere. 2582:) during the 1990s and early 2000s. Pluto was found to be just one "small" body in a population of thousands. They often referred to the demotion of the asteroids as a precedent, although that had been done based on their geophysical differences from planets rather than their being in a belt. Some of the larger 2609:

The announcement of Eris in 2005, an object 27% more massive than Pluto, created the impetus for an official definition of a planet, as considering Pluto a planet would logically have demanded that Eris be considered a planet as well. Since different procedures were in place for naming planets versus

1961:

The idea of planets has evolved over the history of astronomy, from the divine lights of antiquity to the earthly objects of the scientific age. The concept has expanded to include worlds not only in the Solar System, but in multitudes of other extrasolar systems. The consensus as to what counts as a

3807:

The moons (including the planetary-mass ones) are generally given names with some association with their parent planet. The planetary-mass moons of Jupiter are named after four of Zeus' lovers (or other sexual partners); those of Saturn are named after Cronus' brothers and sisters, the Titans; those

2983:

The limit of 13 Jupiter masses is not universally accepted. Objects below this mass limit can sometimes burn deuterium, and the amount of deuterium that is burned depends on an object's composition. Furthermore, deuterium is quite scarce, so the stage of deuterium burning does not actually last very

2971:

The IAU noted that this definition could be expected to evolve as knowledge improves. A 2022 review article discussing the history and rationale of this definition suggested that the words "in young star clusters" should be deleted in clause 3, as such objects have now been found elsewhere, and that

15605: 1833:

material in their interiors, which generate their magnetic fields. These fields significantly change the interaction of the planet and solar wind. A magnetized planet creates a cavity in the solar wind around itself called the magnetosphere, which the wind cannot penetrate. The magnetosphere can be

12181:

The Greeks, for example, originally identified the morning and evening stars with two separate deities, Phosphoros and Hesporos respectively. In Mesopotamia, it seems that this was recognized prehistorically. Assuming its authenticity, a cylinder seal from the Erlenmeyer collection attests to this

9173:

Yang, B.; Hanuš, J.; Carry, B.; Vernazza, P.; Brož, M.; Vachier, F.; Rambaux, N.; Marsset, M.; Chrenko, O.; Ševeček, P.; Viikinkoski, M.; Jehin, E.; Ferrais, M.; Podlewska-Gaca, E.; Drouard, A.; Marchis, F.; Birlan, M.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Berthier, J.; Bartczak, P.; Dumas, C.; Dudziński, G.; Ďurech,

1732:

in its history, which today makes it the hottest planet by surface temperature, hotter even than Mercury. Despite hostile surface conditions, temperature, and pressure at about 50–55 km altitude in Venus's atmosphere are close to Earthlike conditions (the only place in the Solar System beyond

5832:

Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar

2936:

The 2006 IAU definition presents some challenges for exoplanets because the language is specific to the Solar System and the criteria of roundness and orbital zone clearance are not presently observable for exoplanets. In 2018, this definition was reassessed and updated as knowledge of exoplanets

1137:

of an orbit describes the elongation of a planet's elliptical (oval) orbit. Planets with low eccentricities have more circular orbits, whereas planets with high eccentricities have more elliptical orbits. The planets and large moons in the Solar System have relatively low eccentricities, and thus

3981:

with rays radiating from it; and the Moon, a headdress with a crescent attached. The modern shapes with the cross-marks first appeared around the 16th century. According to Maunder, the addition of crosses appears to be "an attempt to give a savour of Christianity to the symbols of the old pagan

2754:

The number of dwarf planets even among known objects is not certain. In 2019, Grundy et al. argued based on the low densities of some mid-sized trans-Neptunian objects that the limiting size required for a trans-Neptunian object to reach equilibrium was in fact much larger than it is for the icy

798:

being made of almost pure ice. Europa is often considered an icy planet, though, because its surface ice layer makes it difficult to study its interior. Ganymede and Titan are larger than Mercury by radius, and Callisto almost equals it, but all three are much less massive. Mimas is the smallest

454:

and other effects. Thereafter there still may be many protoplanets orbiting the star or each other, but over time many will collide, either to form a larger, combined protoplanet or release material for other protoplanets to absorb. Those objects that have become massive enough will capture most

10924:

Taubner, Ruth-Sophie; Pappenreiter, Patricia; Zwicker, Jennifer; Smrzka, Daniel; Pruckner, Christian; Kolar, Philipp; Bernacchi, Sébastien; Seifert, Arne H.; Krajete, Alexander; Bach, Wolfgang; Peckmann, Jörn; Paulik, Christian; Firneis, Maria G.; Schleper, Christa; Rittmann, Simon K.-M. R. (27

4178:, a religion worshipping the goddess Eris. The other dwarf-planet symbols are mostly initialisms (except Haumea) in the native scripts of the cultures they come from; they also represent something associated with the corresponding deity or culture, e.g. Makemake's face or Gonggong's snake-tail. 2991:

star is about 80 Jupiter masses.) The situation of main-sequence stars has been used to argue for such an inclusive definition of "planet" as well, as they also differ greatly along the two orders of magnitude that they cover, in their structure, atmospheres, temperature, spectral features, and

1849:

has a magnetic field several times stronger, and Jupiter's is the strongest in the Solar System (so intense in fact that it poses a serious health risk to future crewed missions to all its moons inward of Callisto). The magnetic fields of the other giant planets, measured at their surfaces, are

1799:

Hot Jupiters, due to their extreme proximities to their host stars, have been shown to be losing their atmospheres into space due to stellar radiation, much like the tails of comets. These planets may have vast differences in temperature between their day and night sides that produce supersonic

2544:

The beginning of Solar System exploration by space probes in the 1960s spurred a renewed interest in planetary science. A split in definitions regarding satellites occurred around then: planetary scientists began to reconsider the large moons as also being planets, but astronomers who were not

2830:

values of 1 or more are expected to be approximately spherical, so that objects that fulfill the orbital-zone clearance requirement around Sun-like stars will also fulfill the roundness requirement – though this may not be the case around very low-mass stars. In 2024, Margot and collaborators

2746:

In the Solar System, this mass is generally less than the mass required for a body to clear its orbit; thus, some objects that are considered "planets" under geophysical definitions are not considered as such under the IAU definition, such as Ceres and Pluto. (In practice, the requirement for

3314:

Earth's name in English is not derived from Greco-Roman mythology. Because it was only generally accepted as a planet in the 17th century, there is no tradition of naming it after a god. (The same is true, in English at least, of the Sun and the Moon, though they are no longer generally

2540:

were remnants of collisions. Thus he differentiated between the largest asteroids as "true planets" versus the smaller ones as collisional fragments. From the 1960s onwards, the term "minor planet" was mostly displaced by the term "asteroid", and references to the asteroids as planets in the

949:

of their star—the range of orbits where a terrestrial planet could sustain liquid water on its surface, given enough atmospheric pressure. One in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone, which suggests that the nearest would be expected to be within

1277:. The exceptions are Venus and Uranus, which rotate clockwise, though Uranus's extreme axial tilt means there are differing conventions on which of its poles is "north", and therefore whether it is rotating clockwise or anti-clockwise. Regardless of which convention is used, Uranus has a 1000:, which are the leftover cores. There are also exoplanets that are much farther from their star. Neptune is 30 AU from the Sun and takes 165 years to orbit, but there are exoplanets that are thousands of AU from their star and take more than a million years to orbit (e.g. 2252:

in the 2nd century CE. So complete was the domination of Ptolemy's model that it superseded all previous works on astronomy and remained the definitive astronomical text in the Western world for 13 centuries. To the Greeks and Romans, there were seven known planets, each presumed to be

1550:, with a mass (and radius) that is probably slightly higher than that of the Moon. The smallest object in the Solar System generally agreed to be a geophysical planet is Saturn's moon Mimas, with a radius about 3.1% of Earth's and a mass about 0.00063% of Earth's. Saturn's smaller moon 2976:" has also been used to refer to ambiguous situations concerning exoplanets, such as objects with mass typical for a planet that are free-floating or orbit a brown dwarf instead of a star. Free-floating objects of planetary mass have sometimes been called planets anyway, specifically 13381:"The real answer here is to not get too hung up on definitions, which I admit is hard when the IAU tries to make them sound official and clear, but, really, we all understand the intent of the hydrostatic equilibrium point, and the intent is clearly to include Merucry & the moon" 2942:

Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13 Jupiter masses for objects of solar metallicity) that orbit stars, brown dwarfs, or stellar remnants and that have a mass ratio with the central object below the

2691:

of other planets. Originally an IAU committee had proposed a definition that would have included a larger number of planets as it did not include (c) as a criterion. After much discussion, it was decided via a vote that those bodies should instead be classified as dwarf planets.

1486:). Some authors advocate that this be used as the upper limit for planethood, on the grounds that the internal physics of objects does not change between approximately one Saturn mass (beginning of significant self-compression) and the onset of hydrogen burning and becoming a 2561:.) All the eight major planets and their planetary-mass moons have since been explored by spacecraft, as have many asteroids and the dwarf planets Ceres and Pluto; however, so far the only planetary-mass body beyond Earth that has been explored by humans is the Moon. 4013:. The astronomical symbol for Pluto is a P-L monogram (♇), though it has become less common since the IAU definition reclassified Pluto. Since Pluto's reclassification, NASA has used the traditional astrological symbol of Pluto (⯓), a planetary orb over Pluto's 2682:

and produced one in August 2006. Under this definition, the Solar System is considered to have eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). Bodies that fulfill the first two conditions but not the third are classified as

2447:), with sometimes overlapping orbits. This was an area where only one planet had been expected, and they were much smaller than all other planets; indeed, it was suspected that they might be shards of a larger planet that had broken up. Herschel called them 1554:, currently an irregular body of 1.7% Earth's radius and 0.00014% Earth's mass, is thought to have attained hydrostatic equilibrium and differentiation early in its history before being battered out of shape by impacts. Some asteroids may be fragments of 3792:) was given a classical name, as it was considered a major planet when it was discovered. After more objects were discovered beyond Neptune, naming conventions depending on their orbits were put in place: those in the 2:3 resonance with Neptune (the 2408:

to a body that orbited the Sun, directly (a primary planet) or indirectly (a secondary or satellite planet). Thus the Earth was added to the roster of planets, and the Sun was removed. The Copernican count of primary planets stood until 1781, when

4161:

The IAU discourages the use of planetary symbols in modern journal articles in favour of one-letter or (to disambiguate Mercury and Mars) two-letter abbreviations for the major planets. The symbols for the Sun and Earth are nonetheless common, as

2813:

proposed a mathematical criterion that determines whether an object can clear its orbit during the lifetime of its host star, based on the mass of the planet, its semimajor axis, and the mass of its host star. The formula produces a value called

3225:, Roman writers borrowed much of the Greek narratives and applied them to their own pantheon, to the point where they became virtually indistinguishable. When the Romans studied Greek astronomy, they gave the planets their own gods' names: 11550: 3689:, a Biblical sea monster) in 2009; prior to that the names "Uranus" and "Neptune" had simply been borrowed. The etymologies for the Arabic names of the planets are less well understood. Mostly agreed among scholars are Venus (Arabic: 2508:

was discovered in 1930. After initial observations led to the belief that it was larger than Earth, the object was immediately accepted as the ninth major planet. Further monitoring found the body was actually much smaller: in 1936,

317:. The discovery of brown dwarfs and planets larger than Jupiter also spurred debate on the definition, regarding where exactly to draw the line between a planet and a star. Multiple exoplanets have been found to orbit in the 2123:

tablets dating from the 7th century BC that lays out the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets over the course of the year. Late Babylonian astronomy is the origin of Western astronomy and indeed all Western efforts in the

2915:

The discovery of exoplanets led to another ambiguity in defining a planet: the point at which a planet becomes a star. Many known exoplanets are many times the mass of Jupiter, approaching that of stellar objects known as

973:, which have masses between that of Earth and Neptune. Objects less than about twice the mass of Earth are expected to be rocky like Earth; beyond that, they become a mixture of volatiles and gas like Neptune. The planet 3680:

associations: those names, since replaced for religious reasons, were probably the historical Semitic names, and may have much earlier roots going back to Babylonian astronomy. Hebrew names were chosen for Uranus (אורון

3057:. The practice of grafting the names of gods onto the planets was almost certainly borrowed from the Babylonians by the ancient Greeks, and thereafter from the Greeks by the Romans. The Babylonians named Venus after the 2494:, its position having been predicted thanks to its gravitational influence upon Uranus. Because the orbit of Mercury appeared to be affected in a similar way, it was believed in the late 19th century that there might be 1509:: this has sometimes been advocated as a boundary, even though deuterium burning does not last very long and most brown dwarfs have long since finished burning their deuterium. This is not universally agreed upon: the 1301:

can be induced by the individual angular momentum contributions of accreted objects. The accretion of gas by the giant planets contributes to the angular momentum. Finally, during the last stages of planet building, a

8198:

Szakáts, R.; Kiss, Cs.; Ortiz, J. L.; Morales, N.; Pál, A.; Müller, T. G.; et al. (2023). "Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered via long-term ground-based and space photometry".

14325: 1913:' whose gravity shapes and maintains their structure. Although the origins of planetary rings are not precisely known, they are believed to be the result of natural satellites that fell below their parent planets' 1147:

gives the size of the orbit. It is the distance from the midpoint to the longest diameter of its elliptical orbit. This distance is not the same as its apastron, because no planet's orbit has its star at its exact

13962:

Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion".

613:

The Sun's, planets', dwarf planets' and moons' size to scale, labelled. Distance of objects is not to scale. The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the Kuiper belt lies beyond Neptune's

1379:

in August 2006. Although to date this criterion only applies to the Solar System, a number of young extrasolar systems have been found in which evidence suggests orbital clearing is taking place within their

10269: 402:

form, and these accelerate the accretion process by drawing in additional material by their gravitational attraction. These concentrations become ever denser until they collapse inward under gravity to form

14820: 8306:

Rabinowitz, D. L.; Barkume, Kristina; Brown, Michael E.; Roe, Henry; Schwartz, Michael; Tourtellotte, Suzanne; Trujillo, Chad (2006). "Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of

3969:, discovered by Francesco Bianchini in the 18th century but produced in the 2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols. Mercury has a 2966:

Free-floating objects in young star clusters with masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are not "planets", but are "sub-brown dwarfs" (or whatever name is most appropriate).

1472:

Mass is the prime attribute by which planets are distinguished from stars. No objects between the masses of the Sun and Jupiter exist in the Solar System; but there are exoplanets of this size. The lower

223:, and five points of light visible to the naked eye that moved across the background of the stars—namely, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Planets have historically had religious associations: 1371:

in its orbit. In effect, it orbits its star in isolation, as opposed to sharing its orbit with a multitude of similar-sized objects. As described above, this characteristic was mandated as part of the

1089:. A planet's year depends on its distance from its star; the farther a planet is from its star, the longer the distance it must travel and the slower its speed, since it is less affected by its star's 2257:

according to the complex laws laid out by Ptolemy. They were, in increasing order from Earth (in Ptolemy's order and using modern names): the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

1580:

Every planet began its existence in an entirely fluid state; in early formation, the denser, heavier materials sank to the centre, leaving the lighter materials near the surface. Each therefore has a

1546:, orbiting a white dwarf; its mass is roughly that of the dwarf planet Haumea, and it is typically termed a minor planet. The smallest known planet orbiting a main-sequence star other than the Sun is 18403: 18398: 18393: 1850:

roughly similar in strength to that of Earth, but their magnetic moments are significantly larger. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are strongly tilted relative to the planets' rotational

1841:

Of the eight planets in the Solar System, only Venus and Mars lack such a magnetic field. Of the magnetized planets, the magnetic field of Mercury is the weakest and is barely able to deflect the

1120:, just as a falling object on Earth accelerates as it falls. As the planet nears apastron, its speed decreases, just as an object thrown upwards on Earth slows down as it reaches the apex of its 9593:

Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Forget, F.; Vangvichith, M.; Käufl, H.-U. (January 2015). "Exploring the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of methane in Pluto's atmosphere".

567:, there are eight planets in the Solar System, which are (in increasing distance from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter is the largest, at 318 282:(IAU) adopted a definition of a planet in the Solar System, placing the four terrestrial planets and the four giant planets in the planet category; Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are in the category of 2755:

moons of the giant planets, being about 900–1000 km diameter. There is general consensus on Ceres in the asteroid belt and on the eight trans-Neptunians that probably cross this threshold—

14559: 11542: 18388: 3796:) are given names from underworld myths, while others are given names from creation myths. Most of the trans-Neptunian planetoids are named after gods and goddesses from other cultures (e.g. 2578:

A growing number of astronomers argued for Pluto to be declassified as a planet, because many similar objects approaching its size had been found in the same region of the Solar System (the

8912: 3947:

The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and possibly Mars have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyrus texts. The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are identified as

1688:

have more tenuous atmospheres. The larger giant planets are massive enough to keep large amounts of the light gases hydrogen and helium, whereas the smaller planets lose these gases into

9062:

Gaffey, Michael (1984). "Rotational spectral variations of asteroid (8) Flora: Implications for the nature of the S-type asteroids and for the parent bodies of the ordinary chondrites".

502:) will heat up the growing planet, causing it to at least partially melt. The interior of the planet begins to differentiate by density, with higher density materials sinking toward the 6590: 6451: 3361:(or some variation of it) that was used with the meaning of "dry land" as opposed to "sea". The non-Romance languages use their own native words. The Greeks retain their original name, 13639: 12981: 1829:, which in turn give rise to magnetospheres. The presence of a magnetic field indicates that the planet is still geologically alive. In other words, magnetized planets have flows of 883:. This discovery was confirmed and is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of exoplanets. Researchers suspect they formed from a disk remnant left over from the 13010: 9097:

Hardersen, Paul S.; Gaffey, Michael J. & Abell, Paul A. (2005). "Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroid".

13776:

Boss, Alan P.; Basri, Gibor; Kumar, Shiv S.; Liebert, James; Martín, Eduardo L.; Reipurth, Bo; Zinnecker, Hans (2003), "Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ?",

3784:—but as more and more were discovered, they first started being named after more minor goddesses, and the mythological restriction was dropped starting from the twentieth asteroid 2960:) are "planets" (no matter how they formed). The minimum mass/size required for an extrasolar object to be considered a planet should be the same as that used in our Solar System. 2831:

proposed a revised version of the criterion with a uniform clearing timescale of 10 billion years (the approximate main-sequence lifetime of the Sun) or 13.8 billion years (the

2734:. A celestial body may acquire a dynamic (planetary) geology at approximately the mass required for its mantle to become plastic under its own weight. This leads to a state of 1157:

of a planet tells how far above or below an established reference plane its orbit is tilted. In the Solar System, the reference plane is the plane of Earth's orbit, called the

6234: 1712:

The composition of Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular

919: 2443:(in 1807). It soon became apparent that they were rather different from previously known planets: they shared the same general region of space, between Mars and Jupiter (the 1096:

No planet's orbit is perfectly circular, and hence the distance of each from the host star varies over the course of its year. The closest approach to its star is called its

17091: 16665: 4243:

Here, "Earth-sized" means 1–2 Earth radii, and "habitable zone" means the region with 0.25 to 4 times Earth's stellar flux (corresponding to 0.5–2 AU for the Sun). Data for

2987:

Thus, many catalogues of exoplanets include objects heavier than 13 Jupiter masses, sometimes going up to 60 Jupiter masses. (The limit for hydrogen burning and becoming a

7920:

Zarka, Philippe; Treumann, Rudolf A.; Ryabov, Boris P.; Ryabov, Vladimir B. (2001). "Magnetically-Driven Planetary Radio Emissions and Application to Extrasolar Planets".

2963:

Substellar objects with true masses above the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are "brown dwarfs", no matter how they formed nor where they are located.

2742:

a substellar-mass body that has never undergone nuclear fusion and has enough gravitation to be round due to hydrostatic equilibrium, regardless of its orbital parameters.

980:

Exoplanets have been found that are much closer to their parent star than any planet in the Solar System is to the Sun. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun at 0.4

14641: 9541: 9473:

Zurbuchen TH, Raines JM, Gloeckler G, Krimigis SM, et al. (2008). "MESSENGER Observations of the Composition of Mercury's Ionized Exosphere and Plasma Environment".

6278:

The most common size of planet Kepler found doesn't exist in our solar system—a world between the size of Earth and Neptune—and we have much to learn about these planets.

1306:

of protoplanetary accretion can randomly alter the spin axis of the planet. There is great variation in the length of day between the planets, with Venus taking 243

18383: 17061: 9174:

J.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Cipriani, F.; Colas, F.; Fetick, R.; Fusco, T.; Grice, J.; et al. (2020), "Binary asteroid (31) Euphrosyne: Ice-rich and nearly spherical",

3621:神星 "health goddess star"). Such translations were extended to some later minor planets, including some of the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, e.g. Haumea ( 2701: 1558:

that began to accrete and differentiate, but suffered catastrophic collisions, leaving only a metallic or rocky core today, or a reaccumulation of the resulting debris.

13124: 9724:

Haberle, R. M. (2015), "Solar System/Sun, Atmospheres, Evolution of Atmospheres | Planetary Atmospheres: Mars", in North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John; Zhang, Fuqing (eds.),

6071:

Cassan, Arnaud; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; et al. (12 January 2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations".

2873:

collapse just like stars and brown dwarfs, even down to the mass of Jupiter: there was thus disagreement about whether how a body formed should be taken into account.

1138:

nearly circular orbits. The comets and many Kuiper belt objects, as well as several exoplanets, have very high eccentricities, and thus exceedingly elliptical orbits.

18545: 18410: 16862: 15228: 14900: 5954: 4702:

D'Angelo, G.; Weidenschilling, S. J.; Lissauer, J. J.; Bodenheimer, P. (2014). "Growth of Jupiter: Enhancement of core accretion by a voluminous low-mass envelope".

4174:, and a few of these new inventions (the symbols of Haumea, Makemake, and Eris) have since been used by NASA in astronomy. The Eris symbol is a traditional one from 6692: 4608:

D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2013). "Three-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamics Calculations of the Envelopes of Young Planets Embedded in Protoplanetary Disks".

2085:

and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently

13606: 14810: 13521: 8771: 2295:

about its axis, which he explains as the cause of what appears to be an apparent westward motion of the stars. He also theorized that the orbits of planets were

5103:

Stern, S.A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G.R.; et al. (16 October 2015). "The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons".

14963: 14069:

Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database".

3633:神星 "quarrel goddess star"). However, except for the better-known asteroids and dwarf planets, many of them are rare outside Chinese astronomical dictionaries. 2498:. However, the discrepancy between Mercury's orbit and the predictions of Newtonian gravity was instead explained by an improved theory of gravity, Einstein's 14444: 6537: 4543: 10038:

Demory, Brice-Olivier; de Wit, Julien; Lewis, Nikole; Fortney, Jonathan; et al. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere".

10377:

Harrington, Jason; Hansen, Brad M.; Luszcz, Statia H.; Seager, Sara (2006). "The phase-dependent infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet Andromeda b".

7124:

Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; et al. (2009). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit".

15526: 13344: 8678: 3989:

When further planets were discovered orbiting the Sun, symbols were invented for them. The most common astronomical symbol for Uranus, ⛢, was invented by

1329:

All the large moons are tidally locked to their parent planets; Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other, as are Eris and Dysnomia, and probably

18437: 14382: 3449:

names of most of the planets are based on identifications of the Mesopotamian gods with Iranian gods, analogous to the Greek and Latin names. Mercury is

2536:

published papers on the origin of the asteroids. He recognized that asteroids were typically not spherical, as had previously been thought, and that the

586:

are significantly more massive than the terrestrials: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They differ from the terrestrial planets in composition. The

12196:"The identification of Inanna with the planet Venus: A criterion for the time determination of the recognition of constellations in ancient Mesopotamia" 1800:

winds, although multiple factors are involved and the details of the atmospheric dynamics that affect the day-night temperature difference are complex.

3804:

god). There are a few exceptions which continue the Roman and Greek scheme, notably including Eris as it had initially been considered a tenth planet.

11308: 10432: 4755:

Lissauer, J. J.; Hubickyj, O.; D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2009). "Models of Jupiter's growth incorporating thermal and hydrodynamic constraints".

2525:

in 1978 showed that Pluto was only 0.2% the mass of Earth. As this was still substantially more massive than any known asteroid, and because no other

1273:. Most of the planets in the Solar System rotate in the same direction as they orbit the Sun, which is counter-clockwise as seen from above the Sun's 1012:

Although each planet has unique physical characteristics, a number of broad commonalities do exist among them. Some of these characteristics, such as

18222: 18217: 14553: 13570: 13286:

Stern, S. Alan; Levison, Harold F. (2002), Rickman, H. (ed.), "Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes",

12756: 8450: 5737: 1288:

Comparison of the rotation period (sped up 10 000 times, negative values denoting retrograde), flattening and axial tilt of the planets and the Moon

10716: 9418: 8608: 2115:, a 7th-century BC copy of a list of observations of the motions of the planet Venus, that probably dates as early as the second millennium BC. The 662:, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The other eight all orbit beyond Neptune. Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, and Makemake orbit in the 18378: 17841: 17098: 14126: 8176: 5575:

Wang, Ji; Fischer, Debra A. (2013). "Revealing a Universal Planet-Metallicity Correlation for Planets of Different Sizes Around Solar-Type Stars".

1411:

Gravity causes planets to be pulled into a roughly spherical shape, so a planet's size can be expressed roughly by an average radius (for example,

8878: 8103: 8046: 7285: 6379: 5000: 2892:. This discovery is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of a planetary system around another star. Then, on 6 October 1995, 506:. Smaller terrestrial planets lose most of their atmospheres because of this accretion, but the lost gases can be replaced by outgassing from the 12062: 11520: 6626: 4400: 14299: 6473:

Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar (2013). "A revised estimate of the occurrence rate of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones around kepler m-dwarfs".

794:

The Moon, Io, and Europa have compositions similar to the terrestrial planets; the others are made of ice and rock like the dwarf planets, with

18145: 9563: 9321:"Modelling the internal structure of Ceres: Coupling of accretion with compaction by creep and implications for the water-rock differentiation" 9044: 6443: 2992:

probably formation mechanisms; yet they are all considered as one class, being all hydrostatic-equilibrium objects undergoing nuclear burning.

2334:, generally accepted geocentrism, although they did dispute Ptolemy's system of epicycles and sought alternatives. The 10th-century astronomer 10596: 6598: 5359: 2802:, the smallest planetary-mass moon. (This may even include objects that are not round but happen to be larger than Mimas, like Neptune's moon 16650: 14696: 10290: 5769: 2857:, there were particular disagreements over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a distinct population such as a 1081:, has been found to orbit in the opposite direction to its star's rotation. The period of one revolution of a planet's orbit is known as its 14739: 12342: 10693: 18858: 15085: 13629: 12975: 12231: 10014: 5254:

Kenyon, Scott J.; Bromley, Benjamin C. (2006). "Terrestrial Planet Formation. I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth".

15432: 13004: 11966:

Lambert, W. G.; Reiner, Erica (1987). "Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part One. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa".

11687: 11174: 10519: 1016:

or natural satellites, have only as yet been observed in planets in the Solar System, whereas others are commonly observed in exoplanets.

18116: 17699: 16795: 14959: 13089: 12503: 9353: 7682: 4194: 2303:, where his principles of the diurnal rotation of Earth, among others, were followed and a number of secondary works were based on them. 1337:. The other dwarf planets with known rotation periods rotate faster than Earth; Haumea rotates so fast that it has been distorted into a 606:, with thick atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. They have a significantly lower mass than the gas giants (only 14 and 17 Earth masses). 15492: 8145: 1600:, but in the giant planets the mantle simply blends into the upper cloud layers. The terrestrial planets have cores of elements such as 10355: 7440: 6021: 3664:

or "the resting one" (in reference to its slow movement compared to the other visible planets). The odd one out is Jupiter, called צדק

2738:

where the body acquires a stable, round shape, which is adopted as the hallmark of planethood by geophysical definitions. For example:

670:, which is somewhat further out and, unlike the Kuiper belt, is unstable towards interactions with Neptune. Sedna is the largest known 15616: 15457: 8563: 6567: 18432: 17976: 17384: 16561: 9229: 1834:

much larger than the planet itself. In contrast, non-magnetized planets have only small magnetospheres induced by interaction of the

918:

mission, most of the known exoplanets were gas giants comparable in mass to Jupiter or larger as they were more easily detected. The

18152: 6224: 3973:; Venus has, attached to her necklace, a cord connected to another necklace; Mars, a spear; Jupiter, a staff; Saturn, a scythe; the 2545:

planetary scientists generally did not. (This is not exactly the same as the definition used in the previous century, which classed

1227:

of their stars' equators. This causes the amount of light received by each hemisphere to vary over the course of its year; when the

1173:, but Earth's Moon, Saturn's Iapetus, and Neptune's Triton are exceptions. Triton is unique among the large moons in that it orbits 594:

and helium and are the most massive planets in the Solar System. Saturn is one third as massive as Jupiter, at 95 Earth masses. The

18415: 18252: 17981: 8987: 7102: 6871: 5417:

Ida, Shigeru; Nakagawa, Yoshitsugu; Nakazawa, Kiyoshi (1987). "The Earth's core formation due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability".

5081: 9646:

Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".

7465: 5165: 2048: 14474: 12337: 11473:; Grundy, W. M.; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Bell III, James F.; Detelich, Charlene E.; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2022). 6199: 2266: 18099: 11029: 3201:

Although modern Greeks still use their ancient names for the planets, other European languages, because of the influence of the

18585: 18128: 16716: 16361: 16346: 16326: 15638: 15585: 14617: 13447: 12035: 11431: 10801: 7324: 7232:

Moorhead, Althea V.; Adams, Fred C. (2008). "Eccentricity evolution of giant planet orbits due to circumstellar disk torques".

5882: 4510: 4431: 1461:

A planet's defining physical characteristic is that it is massive enough for the force of its own gravity to dominate over the

15634: 15619: 15308: 14505: 13241: 13153: 11618: 10894: 8641: 4874: 4835: 803:, at about six millionths of Earth's mass, though there are many larger bodies that may not be geophysical planets (e.g. 18636: 18560: 18512: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18492: 18487: 18482: 18477: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18133: 16660: 16393: 16356: 16351: 15628: 15208: 14354: 14236: 13317: 13218: 13114: 12734: 12475: 12448: 12315: 12124: 11950: 11864: 11820: 11779: 11090: 10640: 9708: 9535: 9268: 8906: 8730: 8602: 7346:

Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Brown, Michael E. (2002). "A Correlation between Inclination and Color in the Classical Kuiper Belt".

7216: 6795: 5993: 5709: 5639: 4930: 2275: 459:

of planets through a process of gravitational capture, or remain in belts of other objects to become either dwarf planets or

15174: 14203: 14016:

Spiegel, D. S.; Burrows, Adam; Milsom, J. A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets".

11401: 9871: 8536: 5675: 5645: 4001:, and represents a globe with a H on top, for Uranus's discoverer Herschel. Today, ⛢ is mostly used by astronomers and ♅ by 2231:

system, according to which Earth and the planets revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system remained dominant until the

1814: 1274: 378:

It is not known with certainty how planets are formed. The prevailing theory is that they coalesce during the collapse of a

18242: 18232: 17086: 17023: 16677: 16398: 16336: 16331: 15627: 11654: 4261: 3022:). exoplanets are commonly named after their parent star and their order of discovery within its planetary system, such as 2372: 1040: 442:

When the protostar has grown such that it ignites to form a star, the surviving disk is removed from the inside outward by

17966: 15625: 15622: 15618: 15614: 15224: 15018: 14892: 11579: 7898: 18278: 18212: 17326: 17240: 16341: 13179: 11340:

Joergens, V.; Bonnefoy, M.; Liu, Y.; Bayo, A.; et al. (2013). "OTS 44: Disk and accretion at the planetary border".

10212: 6356: 6049: 5962: 5512: 5201:

Matsuyama, I.; Johnstone, D.; Murray, N. (2005). "Halting Planet Migration by Photoevaporation from the Central Source".

4453: 525:

around stars other than the Sun, it is becoming possible to elaborate, revise or even replace this account. The level of

17645: 15632: 15624: 14590: 11571: 8939:"The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole*" 2453:(from the Greek for "starlike") because even in the largest telescopes they resembled stars, without a resolvable disk. 2199:, which consisted of the Earth, Sun, Moon, and planets revolving around a "Central Fire" at the center of the Universe. 1243:

over the course of its year. The time at which each hemisphere points farthest or nearest from its star is known as its

1196:(or perihelion in the Solar System) is the angle between a planet's ascending node and its closest approach to its star. 18570: 18420: 18227: 18104: 15621: 15058: 15001: 14933: 14536: 13592: 12647: 11926: 9865: 9741: 8139: 7692: 7478:

Schorghofer, N.; Mazarico, E.; Platz, T.; Preusker, F.; Schröder, S. E.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T. (6 July 2016).

1956: 992:

system has five of its planets in shorter orbits than Mercury's, all of them much more massive than Mercury. There are

297:

Further advances in astronomy led to the discovery of over five thousand planets outside the Solar System, termed

15639: 15635: 13533: 12585:; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Runyon, Kirby (2019). "The Reclassification of Asteroids from Planets to Non-Planets". 9451: 3982:

gods." Earth itself was not considered a classical planet; its symbol descends from a pre-heliocentric symbol for the

2191:

initially did not attach as much significance to the planets as the Babylonians. In the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the

1734: 18603: 18237: 16489: 16462: 15630: 12380: 7021:"The Second Discovery from the COCONUTS Program: A Cold Wide-orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc" 6257: 6229: 4009:

has used the Ceres symbol—Ceres being the only asteroid that is also a dwarf planet. Neptune's symbol (♆) represents

3962:, antecedents of the planetary symbols were used in art to represent the gods associated with the classical planets. 3601:

calqued the names of the first 117 asteroids into Chinese, and many of their names are still used today, e.g. Ceres (

2972:

the term "sub-brown dwarfs" should be replaced by the more current "free-floating planetary mass objects". The term "

2541:

literature became scarce, except for the geologically evolved largest three: Ceres, and less often Pallas and Vesta.

231:

persist in the schemes for naming newly discovered Solar System bodies. Earth itself was recognized as a planet when

14950: 14322: 12949: 11679: 6527: 1692:. Analysis of exoplanets suggests that the threshold for being able to hold on to these light gases occurs at about 196: 18988: 18298: 18288: 17776: 16877: 15640: 14925:

The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in honor of David Noel Freedman in celebration of his sixtieth birthday

14436: 13334: 13214: 12945: 12424: 9135:

Asphaug, E.; Reufer, A. (2014). "Mercury and other iron-rich planetary bodies as relics of inefficient accretion".

4533: 2731: 2675: 2615: 2284: 1909:

of varying size and complexity. The rings are composed primarily of dust or particulate matter, but can host tiny '

1510: 1372: 800: 279: 14670: 11919:

The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C.

1990:

The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.

1890:

Several planets or dwarf planets in the Solar System (such as Neptune and Pluto) have orbital periods that are in

1745:

of water, allowing it to exist in all three states on the planet's surface, so Titan's are to the triple point of

1290: 666:, which is a second belt of small Solar System bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Gonggong and Eris orbit in the 18373: 18324: 18247: 18086: 17389: 15033: 2751:

as sub-planetary objects) and planetary geologists continue to treat them as planets despite the IAU definition.

2196: 1189: 16405: 15075:"Minor Planet Naming Guidelines (Rules and Guidelines for naming non-cometary small Solar-System bodies) – v1.0" 14923: 10314:

Villarreal D'Angelo, Carolina; Esquivel, Alejandro; Schneiter, Matías; Sgró, Mario Agustín (21 September 2018).

1898:, and Ganymede around Jupiter, or between Enceladus and Dione around Saturn). All except Mercury and Venus have 1724:

is less than 1% that of Earth's (too low to allow liquid water to exist), while the average surface pressure of

18993: 18329: 17056: 16472: 16306: 15518: 8670: 7741: 6796:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system" 3323:, which was the word for "ground" and "dirt" as well as the world itself. As with its equivalents in the other 3217:

under different names, but the Romans lacked the rich narrative traditions that Greek poetic culture had given

1741:-rich planetary atmosphere in the Solar System other than Earth's. Just as Earth's conditions are close to the 1310:

to rotate, and the giant planets only a few hours. The rotational periods of exoplanets are not known, but for

1174: 846: 455:

matter in their orbital neighbourhoods to become planets. Protoplanets that have avoided collisions may become

12168: 11106:

Ortiz, J. L.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Sicardy, B.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Bérard, D.; Morales, N.; et al. (2017).

3138:

Helios and Selene were the names of both planets and gods, both of them Titans (later supplanted by Olympians

2722:(intermediate in size between Tethys and Enceladus) is not shown; it is in any case probably not a solid body. 18555: 18202: 18157: 18036: 18026: 18021: 18006: 18001: 16581: 16477: 13940: 11906: 7064: 6714: 3210: 2480:

in 1849). New "planets" were discovered every year; as a result, astronomers began tabulating the asteroids (

451: 18540: 17886: 16994: 8824:

Konacki, M.; Wolszczan, A. (2003). "Masses and Orbital Inclinations of Planets in the PSR B1257+12 System".

2869:. Complicating the matter even further, bodies too small to generate energy by fusing deuterium can form by 1894:

with each other or with smaller bodies. This is common in satellite systems (e.g. the resonance between Io,

1367:. A planet that has cleared its neighborhood has accumulated enough mass to gather up or sweep away all the 1284: 954:

distance from Earth. The frequency of occurrence of such terrestrial planets is one of the variables in the

18192: 17971: 17081: 16636: 16616: 16511: 11316: 3594: 2495: 2002:, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on 1861:

detected a bright spot on its surface, apparently created by the magnetosphere of an orbiting hot Jupiter.

1649: 946: 318: 17846: 16999: 15637: 13556: 12529: 10440: 9379: 7763:

Goldstein, R. M.; Carpenter, R. L. (1963). "Rotation of Venus: Period Estimated from Radar Measurements".

2456:

The situation was stable for four decades, but in the 1840s several additional asteroids were discovered (

1435:-to-pole diameter. Generally, a planet's shape may be described by giving polar and equatorial radii of a 480: 471: 18848: 18535: 18334: 17156: 16682: 16611: 16576: 15615: 15609: 14071: 11596: 11475:"Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science" 8590: 8404: 7019:

Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Best, William M. J.; et al. (1 August 2021).

4904: 3534: 2111:

in the first and second millennia BC. The oldest surviving planetary astronomical text is the Babylonian

1406: 1219:

is about 23.4°. It oscillates between 22.1° and 24.5° on a 41,000-year cycle and is currently decreasing.

224: 17993: 16596: 14123: 8168: 2287:, astronomy developed further in India and the medieval Islamic world. In 499 CE, the Indian astronomer 1576:

Illustration of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen

622:. In increasing order of average distance from the Sun, the ones generally agreed among astronomers are 18983: 18895: 18659: 18368: 18363: 18353: 18111: 17771: 17071: 16872: 16755: 16738: 16704: 15636: 15578: 14989: 14278: 11921:, The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 276–292, 11591: 10286: 9951:; Fortney, Jonathan J. (2007). "A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733 b". 6895: 6803: 5047: 4300: 2710:

The planetary-mass moons to scale, compared with Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Pluto. Sub-planetary

2112: 1358: 1260: 858: 11474: 10724: 8072: 8015: 7293: 6387: 4346: 3990: 2529:

had been discovered at that time, Pluto kept its planetary status, only officially losing it in 2006.

2021: 1443:. From such a specification, the planet's flattening, surface area, and volume can be calculated; its 407:. After a planet reaches a mass somewhat larger than Mars's mass, it begins to accumulate an extended 365: 18629: 18598: 18348: 18016: 17801: 17685: 16914: 16889: 16699: 14253: 14143:

Huxley, Margaret (2000). "The Gates and Guardians in Sennacherib's Addition to the Temple of Assur".

12552: 10632: 10624: 8988:"Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission" 8762: 6135:

Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. (1992). "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12".

3983: 3570: 3546: 3538: 3120: 2644: 1818: 1729: 1581: 1567: 1376: 985: 15633: 15118: 12663:

Park, Ryan S.; Folkner, William M.; Konopliv, Alexander S.; Williams, James G.; et al. (2017).

12256:

Goldstein, Bernard R. (1997). "Saving the phenomena: the background to Ptolemy's planetary theory".

12022: 11887:

Rochberg, Francesca (2000). "Astronomy and Calendars in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Jack Sasson (ed.).

9571: 9048: 1910: 18358: 18303: 18164: 18056: 17951: 17711: 17354: 17205: 16810: 13883:

Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet".

13669: 12853: 10858:

Fortes, A. D. (2000). "Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan".

10144:

Benneke, Björn; Wong, Ian; Piaulet, Caroline; Knutson, Heather A.; et al. (10 December 2019).

6293:

Barclay, Thomas; Rowe, Jason F.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Huber, Daniel; et al. (28 February 2013).

5395: 3959: 3562: 3554: 2679: 2636:

Object has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a

2510: 2142:

and their relationships with various celestial phenomena including the motions of the planets. The

564: 391: 177: 18071: 15036:. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books. 14692: 9284:

Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".

7193: 4946:

D'Angelo, G.; Podolak, M. (2015). "Capture and Evolution of Planetesimals in Circumjovian Disks".

4098: 2024: 2014:. In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky, as opposed to the " 1044: 18880: 18729: 18580: 18283: 18207: 17781: 17319: 16894: 16721: 16368: 16272: 16185: 15885: 15735: 15626: 15617: 14719: 12557: 12332: 11810: 11546: 10657: 9948: 9799:

S. I. Rasoonl & C. de Bergh (1970). "The Runaway Greenhouse Effect and the Accumulation of CO

8567: 4223: 3522: 2776: 2735: 2637: 2526: 2182: 2081:, and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the 2074: 1830: 1676:

because their gravity is strong enough to keep gases close to the surface. Saturn's largest moon

1625: 1521: 1466: 1363:

The defining dynamic characteristic of a planet, according to the IAU definition, is that it has

647: 619: 460: 88: 31: 17: 15074: 14996:. 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion . Graz, Austria: GrazKult (published 31 July 1993). 10823:

Grasset, O.; Sotin, C.; Deschamps, F. (2000). "On the internal structure and dynamic of Titan".

10006: 5167:

The Evolution of Dust in the Terrestrial Planet Region of Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars

2654: 2018:", which maintained a constant relative position in the sky. Ancient Greeks called these lights 18293: 18174: 17786: 17736: 16899: 16837: 16785: 16775: 16760: 16711: 16571: 16501: 15923: 15611: 15421: 12195: 12017: 11107: 6017: 4211: 4191: – A binary system where two planetary-mass objects share an orbital axis external to both 3756:

When subsequent planets were discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries, Uranus was named for a

2583: 2380:

in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, and the asteroid belts had all not yet been discovered.

1655: 926: 915: 826: 353: 17761: 16820: 15631: 15623: 15620: 13402:

Raymond, C. A.; Ermakov, A. I.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Marchi, S.; et al. (August 2020).

13040: 12495: 12465: 11771: 9320: 8703:

Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future".

7698: 18973: 18262: 18031: 17906: 17806: 17640: 17265: 17192: 17066: 16919: 16882: 16770: 16765: 15571: 15483: 15277: 15048: 14344: 12565: 11854: 11078: 10656:

De Angelis, G.; Clowdsley, M. S.; Nealy, J. E.; Tripathi, R. K.; et al. (January 2004).

9525: 8898: 8769:; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". 8313: 8129: 7401: 3673: 2973: 2706: 2518: 2385: 2335: 2232: 1986: 1943:

was shown to be surrounded by a substantial protoplanetary disk of at least 10 Earth masses.

1928: 1689: 1669: 1462: 1193: 959: 436: 17831: 16934: 14616: 14094: 13858: 12211: 12114: 11363: 10836: 10315: 9339: 9297: 9197: 8430: 8222: 7933: 7868: 7444: 6918: 6826: 6559: 6009: 5375: 5309:"On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life" 4678: 4578: 2404:, use of the term "planet" changed from something that moved around the sky relative to the 1728:

is about 92 times that of Earth's. It is likely that Venus's atmosphere was the result of a

1192:

is the angle between the reference plane's 0 longitude and the planet's ascending node. The

18838: 18786: 18679: 18622: 18575: 18550: 18530: 18140: 17811: 17726: 17422: 17349: 16827: 16780: 16437: 15895: 15860: 15855: 15749: 15700: 15673: 15629: 15608: 15461: 15391: 15344: 15340: 15258: 15149: 14855: 14401: 14380:

Falk, Michael; Koresko, Christopher (2004). "Astronomical names for the days of the week".

14090: 14035: 13982: 13902: 13854: 13811: 13785: 13748: 13688: 13415: 13384: 13339: 13295: 13256: 13077: 13065: 12908: 12865: 12806: 12765: 12676: 12604: 12428: 12265: 12207: 12071: 11496: 11359: 11279: 11214: 11132: 11060: 11005: 10938: 10867: 10832: 10769: 10669: 10564: 10542: 10487: 10396: 10227: 10167: 10102: 10091:

Moses, Julianne (1 January 2014). "Extrasolar planets: Cloudy with a chance of dustballs".

10057: 9970: 9913: 9812: 9765: 9665: 9612: 9482: 9394: 9335: 9293: 9193: 9144: 9106: 9071: 9002: 8950: 8843: 8790: 8495: 8426: 8385: 8332: 8278: 8218: 8087: 8030: 7972: 7929: 7864: 7822: 7772: 7725: 7632: 7585: 7538: 7491: 7410: 7365: 7251: 7143: 7042: 6985: 6914: 6822: 6758: 6645: 6492: 6316: 6191: 6144: 6090: 5897: 5852: 5791: 5594: 5547: 5461: 5426: 5371: 5273: 5220: 5171: 5122: 5015: 4965: 4918: 4866: 4827: 4774: 4721: 4674: 4627: 4574: 4368: 4134: 4125: 4010: 2877: 2862: 2784: 2756: 2573: 2491: 2428: 2224: 2166: 2098: 1952: 1733:

Earth where this is so), and this region has been suggested as a plausible base for future

1612:. Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have cores of rock and metal surrounded by mantles of 1330: 1133: 1113: 1058: 903: 869: 655: 627: 623: 598:, Uranus and Neptune, are primarily composed of low-boiling-point materials such as water, 574:

The planets of the Solar System can be divided into categories based on their composition.

310: 267: 259: 15612: 15610: 9237: 4029: 3929: 3640:, the seven traditional planets have (for the most part) descriptive names—the Sun is חמה 2844: 2818:

that is greater than 1 for planets. The eight known planets and all known exoplanets have

1962:

planet, as opposed to other objects, has changed several times. It previously encompassed

1616:. Uranus and Neptune, which are smaller, have rocky cores surrounded by mantles of water, 1402: 922:

consists mostly of planets the size of Neptune and smaller, down to smaller than Mercury.

8: 18945: 18674: 18343: 17891: 17871: 17826: 17796: 17605: 17600: 17399: 17279: 17168: 17006: 16979: 16929: 16733: 16197: 15890: 15742: 15382:

Francisca Herschel (August 1917). "The meaning of the symbol H+o for the planet Uranus".

14735: 14637: 13602: 12373:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

11905:(1991), "The culture of Babylonia: Babylonian mathematics, astrology, and astronomy", in 11108:"The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation" 5815: 4116: 4107: 4092: 3998: 3938: 3905: 3860: 3809: 3761: 3283:

are straightforward translations of these Roman names. The other days were renamed after

3245: 3227: 3126: 3054: 2944: 2832: 2791: 2780: 2595: 2292: 2007: 1936: 1879: 1725: 1440: 1420: 1412: 1278: 1232: 1228: 941:. Since that time, more than 100 planets have been identified that are approximately the 678: 651: 541:)—appears to determine the likelihood that a star will have planets. Hence, a metal-rich 387: 275: 212: 169: 91: 16093: 15972: 15395: 15348: 15262: 15153: 14859: 14405: 14039: 13986: 13906: 13815: 13789: 13752: 13692: 13419: 13299: 13264: 13260: 13069: 12912: 12869: 12810: 12769: 12680: 12608: 12432: 12269: 12075: 11500: 11283: 11218: 11136: 11064: 11009: 10942: 10871: 10773: 10673: 10568: 10491: 10400: 10231: 10171: 10106: 10061: 9974: 9917: 9816: 9769: 9669: 9616: 9486: 9398: 9148: 9110: 9075: 9018: 9006: 8954: 8847: 8794: 8499: 8389: 8336: 8282: 8091: 8034: 7976: 7876: 7826: 7776: 7729: 7636: 7589: 7542: 7495: 7414: 7369: 7255: 7187: 7147: 7094: 7046: 6989: 6762: 6649: 6496: 6320: 6195: 6148: 6094: 5901: 5856: 5795: 5729: 5598: 5551: 5465: 5430: 5277: 5224: 5175: 5126: 5073: 5019: 4969: 4922: 4870: 4831: 4778: 4725: 4631: 4586: 4427: 4372: 4083: 4074: 4065: 3923: 3914: 3878: 3130:, the gleamer. The Greeks assigned each planet to one among their pantheon of gods, the 1180:

The points at which a planet crosses above and below its reference plane are called its

18933: 18921: 18743: 18664: 17939: 17856: 17816: 17731: 17431: 17312: 17259: 17129: 17076: 16954: 16924: 16832: 16645: 15782: 15613: 14873: 14791: 14783: 14417: 14391: 14291: 14228:

Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination

14176: 14168: 14106: 14080: 14051: 14025: 13998: 13972: 13918: 13892: 13827: 13802:

Mayor, Michel; Queloz, Didier (1995). "A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star".

13738: 13704: 13678: 13482: 13439: 13380: 13081: 13055: 12881: 12704: 12620: 12594: 12281: 12095: 12087: 11983: 11806: 11764: 11729: 11512: 11486: 11375: 11349: 11295: 11269: 11166: 11122: 11021: 10967: 10926: 10793: 10759: 10588: 10554: 10511: 10477: 10420: 10386: 10261: 10193: 10157: 10126: 10073: 10047: 9994: 9960: 9929: 9903: 9836: 9781: 9733: 9681: 9655: 9628: 9602: 9506: 9410: 9209: 9183: 8968: 8884: 8859: 8833: 8806: 8780: 8736: 8708: 8559: 8513: 8485: 8442: 8416: 8375: 8348: 8322: 8268: 8234: 8208: 7996: 7945: 7796: 7648: 7622: 7554: 7528: 7381: 7355: 7267: 7241: 7159: 7133: 7076: 7032: 7001: 6975: 6930: 6904: 6838: 6812: 6776: 6748: 6708: 6668: 6635: 6621: 6508: 6482: 6424: 6348: 6306: 6160: 6114: 6080: 5921: 5842: 5807: 5610: 5584: 5485: 5320: 5289: 5263: 5236: 5210: 5179: 5146: 5112: 5039: 4981: 4955: 4908: 4817: 4790: 4764: 4737: 4711: 4643: 4617: 4392: 4358: 4217: 4152: 4056: 4038: 3869: 3821: 3781: 3757: 3677: 3324: 3251: 3023: 2920:. Brown dwarfs are generally considered stars due to their theoretical ability to fuse 2901: 2499: 2389: 2307: 2239: 1769: 1721: 1498: 1381: 1338: 1303: 996:, such as 51 Pegasi b, that orbit very close to their star and may evaporate to become 575: 546: 515: 424: 338: 301:. These often show unusual features that the Solar System planets do not show, such as 157: 153: 115: 16066: 16029: 14466: 13994: 13700: 12920: 12829: 12794: 10844: 10465: 10069: 9777: 8099: 8042: 7155: 6997: 6179: 6044: 4977: 4143: 4047: 3896: 3459:) for the western Iranian god Tīriya (patron of scribes), analogous to Nabu; Venus is 1049: 618:

Dwarf planets are gravitationally rounded, but have not cleared their orbits of other

18733: 18187: 17821: 17569: 17564: 17513: 17363: 17119: 16689: 16631: 16422: 16311: 16237: 16178: 15907: 15204: 15054: 15019:"El-Masūdī's Historical Encyclopaedia, entitled "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems."" 14997: 14929: 14877: 14795: 14532: 14421: 14350: 14295: 14283: 14232: 14180: 14160: 14055: 14047: 14002: 13922: 13634: 13502: 13443: 13431: 13313: 13085: 13009:. Vol. 8. Chicago and New York: R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill. pp. 3553–3554. 12971: 12885: 12834: 12730: 12708: 12643: 12624: 12582: 12471: 12444: 12376: 12311: 12285: 12223: 12160: 12120: 12099: 11946: 11922: 11860: 11826: 11816: 11775: 11747:

Ronan, Colin (1996). "Astronomy Before the Telescope". In Walker, Christopher (ed.).

11733: 11712:

Neugebauer, Otto E. (1945). "The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods".

11516: 11470: 11379: 11230: 11170: 11158: 11086: 11025: 10991: 10972: 10954: 10785: 10685: 10636: 10592: 10580: 10515: 10503: 10412: 10347: 10316:"Magnetized winds and their influence in the escaping upper atmosphere of HD 209458b" 10253: 10213:"The signature of hot hydrogen in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b" 10197: 10185: 10118: 9986: 9933: 9861: 9828: 9785: 9737: 9704: 9632: 9531: 9510: 9498: 9305: 9264: 9213: 9083: 8972: 8902: 8740: 8726: 8598: 8508: 8473: 8238: 8135: 7988: 7963:

Liu, Han-Shou; O'Keefe, John A. (1965). "Theory of Rotation for the Planet Mercury".

7788: 7688: 7558: 7212: 7080: 7068: 7005: 6780: 6771: 6736: 6673: 6512: 6504: 6428: 6352: 6340: 6332: 6106: 5989: 5913: 5811: 5705: 5635: 5614: 5606: 5477: 5438: 5387: 5340: 5138: 5031: 4985: 4926: 4741: 4647: 4639: 4590: 4454:"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) of the International Astronomical Union" 4396: 4384: 4208: – Planetary objects that have a mass smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres 3851: 3789: 3777: 3769: 3669: 3512: 3357: 3352: 3311:

considered similar or equivalent to Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus, respectively.

3260: 3233: 3097: 3062: 2727: 2688: 1967: 1899: 1891: 1870: 1680:

also has a substantial atmosphere thicker than that of Earth; Neptune's largest moon

1613: 1432: 1248: 1074: 981: 609: 582:

and metal: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet.

542: 499: 489: 456: 428: 322: 287: 251: 16149: 15297: 14110: 13708: 13403: 13335:"An organically grown planet definition — Should we really define a word by voting?" 12546: 12002: 11435: 11299: 10902: 10797: 10747: 10424: 9685: 9414: 8863: 8810: 8517: 8446: 8405:"MOST detects variability on tau Bootis possibly induced by its planetary companion" 8352: 8000: 7949: 7800: 7385: 7316: 7271: 7163: 6934: 5929: 5925: 5489: 5293: 5240: 4794: 4502: 3593:

based on the roles of those gods in Roman and Greek mythology. In the 19th century,

3381:, which incorporates the seven traditional planets and the ascending and descending 2089:

perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

1538:, one of the first exoplanets discovered, which was found in 1992 in orbit around a 837:

is a planet outside the Solar System. As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed

270:, later found to be the largest member of the collection of icy bodies known as the 18978: 18957: 18719: 18565: 18313: 18076: 18066: 17926: 17876: 17766: 17756: 17680: 17610: 17595: 17394: 17180: 16984: 16974: 16867: 16842: 16252: 16222: 16073: 15947: 15787: 15652: 14863: 14775: 14731: 14633: 14497: 14409: 14273: 14265: 14152: 14098: 14043: 13990: 13910: 13866: 13862: 13831: 13819: 13756: 13696: 13492: 13423: 13369:. Cambridge Planetary Science series no. 21, Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–73. 13303: 13175: 13149: 13146: 13073: 12916: 12873: 12824: 12814: 12773: 12694: 12684: 12612: 12436: 12273: 12215: 12079: 12027: 11975: 11914: 11910: 11798: 11721: 11614: 11504: 11367: 11287: 11238: 11222: 11205: 11148: 11140: 11013: 10996: 10962: 10946: 10875: 10840: 10777: 10677: 10572: 10495: 10404: 10337: 10327: 10265: 10243: 10235: 10175: 10130: 10110: 10093: 10065: 9998: 9978: 9921: 9840: 9820: 9773: 9729: 9673: 9620: 9490: 9402: 9343: 9301: 9201: 9152: 9114: 9079: 9010: 8958: 8894: 8851: 8798: 8722: 8718: 8633: 8629: 8503: 8434: 8340: 8286: 8226: 8095: 8038: 7980: 7937: 7872: 7780: 7733: 7652: 7640: 7593: 7546: 7499: 7418: 7373: 7259: 7151: 7060: 7050: 6993: 6922: 6842: 6830: 6766: 6663: 6653: 6500: 6416: 6411: 6324: 6164: 6152: 6118: 6098: 5905: 5878: 5860: 5799: 5768:

Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Buie, M.W.; Benecchi, S.D.; et al. (December 2018).

5602: 5555: 5469: 5434: 5383: 5379: 5330: 5281: 5228: 5150: 5130: 5043: 5023: 4973: 4858: 4809: 4782: 4729: 4682: 4635: 4582: 4498: 4376: 4199: 3887: 3837: 3773: 3637: 3446: 3391: 3363: 3308: 3239: 3131: 3038: 3019: 3005: 2485: 2484:) separately from the major planets and assigning them numbers instead of abstract 2410: 2339: 2270: 2254: 2150: 1995: 1851: 1589: 1424: 1323: 1298: 1297:

The rotation of a planet can be induced by several factors during formation. A net

1034: 997: 842: 774: 692: 530: 522: 507: 443: 294:

more broadly, including dwarf planets as well as rounded satellites like the Moon.

236: 118: 76: 15366: 15334: 15166: 15021:. Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books. 14102: 13255:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, International Astronomical Union: 1. 13206: 11371: 10077: 9348: 9205: 8230: 7984: 7821:. Voyager "Uranus-Neptune" Workshop Pasadena 6–8 February 1984. pp. 327–347. 6863: 6846: 6834: 3828:, who carries the souls of the newly deceased to the underworld (Pluto's domain). 2937:

increased. The current official working definition of an exoplanet is as follows:

18768: 18011: 17851: 17751: 17675: 17665: 17444: 17051: 16949: 16857: 16748: 16726: 16523: 16467: 16457: 16247: 16227: 16202: 16190: 16144: 16132: 16036: 16019: 15979: 15957: 15952: 14413: 14329: 14226: 14195: 14130: 13664: 13529: 12616: 12525: 12499: 12415:

Ragep, Sally P. (2007). "Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (980?1037)". In Thomas Hockey (ed.).

11601: 11508: 9855: 9624: 9406: 9118: 9014: 8533:"Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model" 8532: 8438: 7784: 7737: 7550: 7263: 6966:(2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". 6959: 6926: 5864: 5803: 5667: 5629: 5001:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter" 4786: 4733: 4687: 4662: 3816:(originally specifically from fairy mythology, but that ended with the naming of 3710: 3218: 3214: 3206: 2810: 2719: 2550: 2537: 2143: 2130: 2103:

The first civilization known to have a functional theory of the planets were the

1925: 1884: 1846: 1826: 1777: 1597: 1428: 1266: 1224: 1185: 1143: 1104:

in the Solar System, whereas its farthest separation from the star is called its

1082: 748: 714: 708: 704: 671: 439:

by Neptune, and Earth's Moon and Pluto's Charon might have formed in collisions.

103: 13914: 12031: 11640: 11393: 11198: 6893:

von Bloh; et al. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581".

6409:

Hand, Eric (20 December 2011). "Kepler discovers first Earth-sized exoplanets".

4380: 1342: 1069:

In the Solar System, all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the

821: 227:

identified celestial bodies with gods, and these connections with mythology and

18833: 18796: 17916: 17911: 17716: 17625: 17035: 16815: 16805: 16743: 16606: 16533: 16494: 16415: 16388: 16242: 16112: 16083: 16061: 16051: 16041: 15994: 12937: 12799:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

12689: 12664: 12277: 11802: 11649: 11260:(2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". 11226: 11017: 10950: 10499: 10180: 10145: 8963: 8938: 8758: 8014:

Correia, Alexandre C. M.; Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (May 2003).

7890: 7613:

Winn, Joshua N.; Holman, Matthew J. (2005). "Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters".

7055: 7020: 4247:

like the Sun is not available. This statistic is an extrapolation from data on

3817: 3813: 3780:

are major Roman goddesses, and Pallas is an epithet of the major Greek goddess

3328: 3268: 3264: 3222: 3209:, use the Roman (Latin) names rather than the Greek ones. The Romans inherited 3084:

In ancient Greece, the two great luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, were called

3046: 2803: 2711: 2421: 2331: 2188: 2070: 1906: 1773: 1757: 1717: 1633: 1585: 1543: 1535: 1502: 1456: 1444: 1416: 1181: 1117: 1070: 955: 804: 784: 764: 760: 752: 742: 667: 579: 503: 412: 394:(a process of sticky collision) dust particles in the disk steadily accumulate 14868: 14843: 13427: 13308: 13183: 12440: 12219: 10681: 7941: 5770:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 5504: 4701: 4534:"The definition of planet is still a sore point – especially among Pluto fans" 4461: 2904:

announced the first definitive detection of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary

1780:(on Neptune). Weather patterns detected on exoplanets include a hot region on 172:. Planets grow in this disk by the gradual accumulation of material driven by 18967: 18863: 18843: 18051: 18046: 18041: 17721: 17660: 17615: 17554: 17549: 17524: 17459: 17449: 17439: 17134: 17114: 16694: 16427: 16410: 16231: 16154: 16117: 16088: 16078: 16046: 16024: 16004: 15967: 15940: 15935: 15930: 14582: 14287: 14164: 13506: 13435: 12778: 12751: 12665:"Precession of Mercury's Perihelion from Ranging to the MESSENGER Spacecraft" 12368: 12227: 12164: 11830: 11587: 11234: 10958: 10789: 10584: 10541:

Fortney, Jonathan J.; Dawson, Rebekah I.; Komacek, Thaddeus D. (March 2021).

10507: 10351: 10189: 9592: 8766: 7072: 6420: 6336: 6294: 5473: 5391: 5344: 4594: 4388: 4188: 4175: 3428: 3190: 3001: 2905: 2897: 2889: 2858: 2795: 2715: 2558: 2554: 2533: 2522: 2521:

suggested in 1964 that Pluto may be a comet. The discovery of its large moon

2444: 2427:

In the first decade of the 19th century, four new 'planets' were discovered:

2377: 2367: 2228: 2125: 1895: 1809: 1793: 1681: 1551: 1315: 899: 891: 795: 788: 778: 768: 726: 700: 659: 534: 432: 263: 232: 15519:"Out of this World: New Astronomy Symbols Approved for the Unicode Standard" 13497: 13470: 12752:"On the possible results of an encounter of Pluto with the Neptunian system" 11242: 10408: 10332: 10313: 9494: 7422: 6658: 5909: 5335: 5308: 5134: 1398: 1346: 18909: 18197: 18182: 18061: 17958: 17881: 17650: 17630: 17620: 17518: 17454: 17212: 17198: 16989: 16944: 16601: 16484: 16378: 16318: 16301: 16127: 16105: 16056: 16014: 15999: 15984: 15850: 15809: 15774: 15594: 14269: 13936: 13597: 12838: 12722: 12303: 12083: 11257: 11201:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit" 11162: 10976: 10879: 10689: 10416: 10257: 10146:"Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b" 10122: 9990: 9832: 9502: 9443: 7992: 7792: 7598: 7573: 6677: 6344: 6110: 5917: 5481: 5142: 5035: 4538: 3951:

of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized

3797: 3656:

or "the planet" (given its lack of distinguishing features), Mars is מאדים

3202: 3194: 3050: 3030: 3011: 2977: 2893: 2799: 2748: 2718:(about the same size as Mimas) have been included for comparison. Unimaged 2684: 2621: 2603: 2587: 2481: 2355: 2351: 2323: 2315: 2192: 2135: 2086: 1999: 1971: 1932: 1742: 1677: 1478: 1474: 1368: 1334: 1265:

The planets rotate around invisible axes through their centres. A planet's

970: 942: 930: 929:

team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting a

895: 880: 861:

data suggests a minimum average of 1.6 bound planets for every star in the

756: 738: 730: 718: 583: 558: 416: 399: 283: 134: 111: 44: 14555:

The Origin and Early Development of the Nine Planetary Deities (Navagraha)

12977:

An introduction to astronomy, to which is added an astronomical vocabulary

12819: 11051:

Molnar, L. A.; Dunn, D. E. (1996). "On the Formation of Planetary Rings".

8474:"The Total Number of Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Central Clearings" 8073:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part II: Numerical Simulations" 3429: 2338:

accepted that the Earth rotates around its axis. In the 11th century, the

2223:), though this had long been known in Mesopotamia. In the 3rd century BC, 1431:, whose equatorial diameter is 43 kilometers (27 mi) larger than the 39: 18812: 18753: 18645: 18123: 17901: 17896: 17866: 17836: 17791: 17746: 17741: 17670: 17655: 17590: 17534: 17529: 17495: 17480: 17475: 17469: 17253: 17247: 17030: 17018: 17013: 16964: 16939: 16909: 16904: 16852: 16847: 16672: 16586: 16545: 16506: 16383: 16214: 16137: 16100: 15989: 14994:

Beiträge Zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion ( 23–27 September 1991)

14766:

Stieglitz, Robert (April 1981). "The Hebrew names of the seven planets".

14396: 13761: 13726: 13566: 13404:"Impact-driven mobilization of deep crustal brines on dwarf planet Ceres" 13152:. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. 13060: 12699: 12534:. Vol. 1. Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society. p. 100. 12364: 11902: 11815:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p. 58. 11274: 10764: 10576: 10391: 9925: 9660: 8838: 8327: 8291: 8256: 7627: 7504: 7479: 7360: 6963: 5268: 5215: 4896: 4248: 4244: 3965: 3785: 3498: 3484: 3316: 3256: 3042: 2917: 2848: 2591: 2579: 2311: 2300: 2108: 2015: 1918: 1914: 1874: 1781: 1555: 1319: 1311: 1223:

Planets have varying degrees of axial tilt; they spin at an angle to the

1153: 1062: 1013: 1001: 993: 974: 966: 907: 734: 663: 545:

is more likely to have a substantial planetary system than a metal-poor,

526: 404: 306: 302: 271: 107: 15034:"Historical Encyclopaedia: Entitled "Meadows of gold and mines of gems"" 14320:

Rengel, Marian; Daly, Kathleen N. (2009).

11144: 10927:"Biological methane production under putative Enceladus-like conditions" 10239: 9982: 9756:

Basilevsky, Alexandr T.; Head, James W. (2003). "The surface of Venus".

6794:

Mayor, Michel; Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; et al. (2009).

6328: 6265: 6102: 5027: 3124:, the light bringer; and the fleeting final planet, Mercury, was called 274:. The discovery of other large objects in the Kuiper belt, particularly 18853: 18817: 18774: 18094: 17861: 17635: 17559: 17485: 17464: 17272: 17219: 16959: 16538: 16122: 14172: 12932: 12930: 11153: 10342: 10248: 4754: 4205: 4167: 4163: 3598: 3382: 2881: 2405: 2393: 2361: 2319: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2169:. These would remain the only known planets until the invention of the 2082: 1924:

No secondary characteristics have been observed around exoplanets. The

1842: 1835: 1765: 1753: 1709:, so that Earth and Venus are near the maximum size for rocky planets. 1673: 1645: 1547: 1542:. Its mass is roughly half that of the planet Mercury. Even smaller is 1307: 1216: 1206: 1121: 1112:). As a planet approaches periastron, its speed increases as it trades 1101: 1097: 951: 938: 934: 873: 854: 681:

or satellite planets—moons large enough to take on ellipsoidal shapes:

568: 447: 411:, greatly increasing the capture rate of the planetesimals by means of 408: 314: 15458:"NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Pluto's Symbol" 14992:[The role of astronomy in the cultures of the Mesopotamians]. 14787: 13961: 13557:"Asteroid Hygiea May be the Smallest Dwarf Planet in the Solar System" 12001:

Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001). Mare Kõiva; Andres Kuperjanov (eds.).

11987: 11105: 10992:"Bayesian analysis of Enceladus's plume data to assess methanogenesis" 9824: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3558: 3550: 3542: 114:

has eight planets by the most restrictive definition of the term: the

18757: 18709: 18684: 18669: 17544: 17539: 17505: 17490: 17379: 17233: 17226: 16655: 16621: 16452: 16373: 16296: 16291: 16262: 16009: 15962: 15831: 15814: 13823: 13561: 12091: 11945:. State Archives of Assyria. Vol. 8. Helsinki University Press. 10746:

Shkolnik, E.; Walker, G. A. H.; Bohlender, D. A. (10 November 2003).

9156: 6532: 6156: 4663:"Enhanced Collisional Growth of a Protoplanet that has an Atmosphere" 4002: 3378: 3171: 3015: 2988: 2921: 2909: 2866: 2854: 2477: 2457: 2347: 2288: 2216: 2170: 2120: 2104: 2054: 2030: 2011: 2003: 1858: 1789: 1761: 1720:, but differ drastically in density: the average surface pressure of 1629: 1506: 1487: 1211: 989: 911: 884: 862: 838: 834: 816: 722: 696: 595: 587: 420: 383: 298: 255: 243: 194: 165: 16257: 15550: 15253:

Maunder, A.S.D. (1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets".

14156: 12927: 10114: 8257:"Masses and densities of dwarf planet satellites measured with ALMA" 7713: 7519:

Carry, B.; et al. (2009). "Physical properties of (2) Pallas".

6591:"Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?" 1660: 514:(smaller planets will lose any atmosphere they gain through various 278:, spurred debate about how exactly to define a planet. In 2006, the 18705: 17934: 17286: 17124: 16591: 16447: 16432: 16173: 15880: 15728: 14779: 14666: 13897: 13743: 13683: 13487: 13210: 12941: 12877: 12599: 12148: 11979: 11725: 11491: 11291: 11127: 10781: 10559: 10482: 10464:

Showman, Adam P.; Tan, Xianyu; Parmentier, Vivien (December 2020).

10162: 9908: 9677: 9188: 8889: 8855: 8802: 8713: 8344: 8273: 8213: 7714:"Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter" 7644: 7377: 7037: 6980: 6753: 6737:"Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds" 6695:. Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011 5847: 5560: 5535: 5285: 5232: 5117: 4960: 4363: 4295:

rather than Chinese characters, e.g. 명왕성 for Pluto. In Vietnamese,

3994: 3970: 3952: 3948: 3765: 3723:, "withdrawer"). Multiple suggested etymologies exist for Mercury ( 3108: 2925: 2772: 2549:

satellites as secondary planets, even non-round ones like Saturn's

2449: 2432: 2343: 2327: 2244: 2208: 2116: 1963: 1738: 1609: 1572: 1436: 1244: 1158: 1109: 1105: 1078: 890:

The first confirmed discovery of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary

850: 643: 591: 228: 30:

This article is about the astronomical object. For other uses, see

14922:

Meyers, Carol L.; O'Connor, M.; O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1983).

14085: 14030: 13977: 13401: 11354: 10052: 9965: 9607: 8785: 8490: 8421: 8380: 7817:

Belton, M. J. S.; Terrile, R. J. (1984). Bergstralh, J. T. (ed.).

7533: 7246: 7138: 6909: 6817: 6640: 6487: 6311: 6085: 5589: 5325: 4913: 4822: 4769: 4716: 4622: 3255:(Cronus). Some Romans, following a belief possibly originating in 1838:

with the solar wind, which cannot effectively protect the planet.

1447:

can be computed knowing its size, shape, rotation rate, and mass.

1419:). However, planets are not perfectly spherical; for example, the 965:

There are types of planets that do not exist in the Solar System:

398:

to form ever-larger bodies. Local concentrations of mass known as

17946: 16528: 16516: 16442: 15841: 15819: 15694: 15679: 14815: 13388: 13003:

Hunter, Robert; Williams, John A.; Heritage, S. J., eds. (1897).

12299: 10748:"Evidence for Planet-induced Chromospheric Activity on HD 179949" 6380:"NASA Discovers First Earth-size Planets Beyond Our Solar System" 4565:

Wetherill, G. W. (1980). "Formation of the Terrestrial Planets".

4171: 3978: 3793: 3530: 3470: 3422: 3404: 3143: 3114: 3102: 3041:

are derived from naming practices developed consecutively by the

2726:

The IAU definition has not been universally used or accepted. In

2514: 2473: 2469: 2440: 2397: 2296: 2249: 2158: 2078: 1746: 1621: 1617: 1240: 1177:, i.e. in the direction opposite to its parent planet's rotation. 1170: 1090: 1077:

as seen from above the Sun's north pole. At least one exoplanet,

1057:. Note the elongation of Pluto's orbit in relation to Neptune's ( 603: 599: 431:

of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus formed in a similar way; however,

173: 149: 137: 60: 52: 14068: 13937:"ESO telescopes help uncover largest group of rogue planets yet" 12457: 11797: 11200: 10923: 10655: 10627:. In Lucy-Ann McFadden; Paul Weissman; Torrence Johnson (eds.). 10287:"Hubble Probes Layer-cake Structure of Alien World's Atmosphere" 9472: 9042: 8877:

Veras, Dimitri (2021). "Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs".

8366:

Singal, Ashok K. (May 2014). "Life on a tidally-locked planet".

8305: 7477: 3589:王星 "underworld king star") in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese are 3521:

China and the countries of eastern Asia historically subject to

2695: 1477:

limit is estimated to be around 75 to 80 times that of Jupiter (

18257: 17585: 17409: 16166: 16161: 15875: 15870: 15836: 15824: 15721: 15714: 15689: 15684: 15563: 13593:"The solar system may have a new smallest dwarf planet: Hygiea" 13471:"Interpreting the densities of the Kuiper belt's dwarf planets" 13294:, San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific: 205–213, 13242:"(134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia)" 13119: 12396:

Bausani, Alessandro (1973). "Cosmology and Religion in Islam".

7399:

Peter Goldreich (November 1966). "History of the Lunar Orbit".

4895: 4428:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes" 4296: 4292: 4220: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System 4014: 3825: 3801: 3590: 3416: 3178: 3150: 3139: 3092: 3086: 3078: 3070: 3066: 2885: 2870: 2768: 2764: 2599: 2465: 2461: 2436: 2414: 2401: 2162: 1940: 1825:

One important characteristic of the planets is their intrinsic

1713: 1605: 1539: 1236: 877: 639: 635: 538: 498:

The energetic impacts of the smaller planetesimals (as well as

379: 250:

broadened to include objects only visible with assistance: the

161: 145: 141: 56: 48: 18614: 15555: 15227:. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza . 14921: 14333:. United States: Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 66. 13365:

Sean Solomon, Larry Nittler & Brian Anderson, eds. (2018)

12060:

Sachs, A. (2 May 1974). "Babylonian Observational Astronomy".

11255: 10658:"Radiation analysis for manned missions to the Jupiter system" 9946: 9523: 8311:, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt". 3285: 1981: 1534:

The smallest known exoplanet with an accurately known mass is

321:

of their stars (where liquid water can potentially exist on a

17304: 16286: 15865: 15797: 15792: 15707: 15662: 15657: 15110: 13882: 13180:"How Many Dwarf Planets Are There in the Outer Solar System?" 11580: 11572: 9857:

Inner Solar System: Prospective Energy and Material Resources

6793: 4865:. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 297–317. 4816:. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. pp. 319–346. 4344: 3768:). The asteroids were initially named from mythology as well— 3526: 3438: 3410: 3398: 3374: 3303: 3291: 3058: 3034: 2760: 2630: 2505: 2488:, although they continued to be considered as small planets. 2220: 2207:

is said to have been the first to identify the evening star (

2146: 2046: 2019: 1975: 1785: 1685: 1593: 1235:

points towards it, and vice versa. Each planet therefore has

1054: 1030: 631: 511: 188: 126: 122: 95: 68: 64: 15450: 13725:

Margot, Jean-Luc; Gladman, Brett; Yang, Tony (1 July 2024).

10466:"Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs" 10376: 10211:

Ballester, Gilda E.; Sing, David K.; Herbert, Floyd (2007).

9377: 9090: 5955:"How Big Is Pluto? New Horizons Settles Decades-Long Debate" 4345:

Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1 June 2022).

3185: 1857:

In 2003, a team of astronomers in Hawaii observing the star

305:—giant planets that orbit close to their parent stars, like 15918: 15802: 15667: 15140:

Lassell, W. (1852). "Beobachtungen der Uranus-Satelliten".

12662: 12640:

In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork

9378:

Monteux, J.; Tobie, G.; Choblet, G.; Le Feuvre, M. (2014).

8591:"10.05 – Gravity and Topography of the Terrestrial Planets" 8402: 7123: 6383: 5102: 4807: 4320: 4214: – Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life 4006: 3993:, and was intended to represent the newly discovered metal 3672:, are not the original Hebrew names of the planets. In 377 3386: 3297: 3164: 3157: 3074: 2794:

as "satellite planets", including Earth's Moon and Pluto's

2702:

List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

2154: 2139: 1601: 1427:. Therefore, a better approximation of Earth's shape is an 686: 395: 326: 220: 130: 99: 72: 18904: 12899:

Luu, Jane X.; Jewitt, David C. (1996). "The Kuiper Belt".

8564:"Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data" 8016:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part I: Theory" 6622:"Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars" 6070: 5313:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

3373:

Non-European cultures use other planetary-naming systems.

2291:

propounded a planetary model that explicitly incorporated

1716:. The atmospheres of Mars and Venus are both dominated by 1596:. The terrestrial planets' mantles are sealed within hard 571:, whereas Mercury is the smallest, at 0.055 Earth masses. 415:. Depending on the accretion history of solids and gas, a 18546:

Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer

15647: 14346:

The Seven Day Circle: The history and meaning of the week

13667:(2015). "A quantitative criterion for defining planets". 10143: 9703:(4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 67. 9698: 7919: 4202:– A list of lists of planets sorted by diverse attributes 3974: 3676:

recorded another set of names that seem to have pagan or

2350:

devised a method of determining the Earth's radius using

1628:. The fluid action within these planets' cores creates a 1270: 216: 15067: 14990:"Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens" 14614: 10037: 9798: 9755: 8823: 7855:

Lissauer, Jack J. (September 1993). "Planet formation".

7480:"The permanently shadowed regions of dwarf planet Ceres" 6292: 5200: 3824:; Pluto's planetary-mass moon Charon is named after the 2279:

1660 illustration of Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric model

1756:

or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic

1127:

Each planet's orbit is delineated by a set of elements:

15298:"Proposal to Encode the Astronomical Symbol for Uranus" 12727:

Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems

12581: 11469: 11339: 10745: 9894:

Horst, Sarah (2017). "Titan's Atmosphere and Climate".

9130: 9128: 8772:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

8197: 7206: 6036: 5660: 4607: 4601: 4274: 3820:). Neptune's planetary-mass moon Triton is named after 3112:, Jupiter, "bright"; the red planet, Mars was known as 2931: 1921:. The dwarf planets Haumea and Quaoar also have rings. 1423:

causes it to be slightly flattened at the poles with a

152:. The best available theory of planet formation is the 15269: 13002: 12845: 10983: 9319:

Neumann, W.; Breuer, D.; Spohn, T. (2 December 2015).

9283: 9172: 8756: 5767: 5452:

Kasting, James F. (1993). "Earth's early atmosphere".

4808:

D'Angelo, G.; Durisen, R. H.; Lissauer, J. J. (2011).

2861:, or if it was large enough to generate energy by the 1465:

binding its physical structure, leading to a state of

578:

are similar to Earth, with bodies largely composed of

325:), but Earth remains the only planet known to support 18893: 13845:

Basri, Gibor (2000). "Observations of Brown Dwarfs".

13775: 11309:"A Planet With Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball" 10822: 9045:"Cassini Finds Saturn Moon Has Planet-Like Qualities" 8013: 6620:

Petigura, E. A.; Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W. (2013).

6472: 5831: 4299:

are more common than directly reading these names as

3010:

The naming of planets differs between planets of the

1978:, and there continues to be some disagreement today. 1314:, their proximity to their stars means that they are 15031: 14717: 14015: 13182:. California Institute of Technology. Archived from 12298: 10917: 10540: 10463: 10289:(Press release). Space Telescope Science Institute. 10210: 9645: 9125: 9096: 8597:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 153–193, 8472:

Faber, Peter; Quillen, Alice C. (26 November 2007).

7842:

The Outer Worlds; Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Beyond

6528:"NASA discovery doubles the number of known planets" 4939: 3181:, messenger of the gods and god of learning and wit. 2822:

values above 100, while Ceres, Pluto, and Eris have

2790:

Planetary geologists may include the nineteen known

2513:

suggested that Pluto may be an escaped satellite of

2362:

Scientific Revolution and discovery of outer planets

2299:. Aryabhata's followers were particularly strong in 1053:

The orbit of the planet Neptune compared to that of

876:

announced the discovery of two planets orbiting the

825:

Exoplanet detections per year as of August 2023 (by

262:

and other bodies later recognized to be part of the

14848:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

14383:

Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada

13801: 13630:"Why we need a new definition of the word 'planet'" 13522:"Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'?" 13513: 13279: 12489: 12487: 12417:

Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā

11333: 10433:"NASA's Spitzer Sees Day and Night on Exotic World" 7574:"Vesta: Spin Pole, Size, and Shape from HST Images" 7018: 6619: 5871: 5416: 5170:(PhD thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst. 5080:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 4945: 2358:, only required observations at a single mountain. 15381: 15203:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 62–63. 13041:"Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?" 12545: 12544: 11763: 10989: 10623:Kivelson, Margaret Galland; Bagenal, Fran (2007). 9728:(2nd ed.), Academic Press, pp. 168–177, 9318: 9043:Jia-Rui C. Cook and Dwayne Brown (26 April 2012). 7762: 7668:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4273:Margot's parameter is not to be confused with the 3315:considered planets.) The name originates from the 3177:Stilbon with its speedy motion, was ruled over by 3118:, the "fiery"; the brightest, Venus, was known as 2138:period in the 7th century BC, comprises a list of 1752:Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying 529:—an astronomical term describing the abundance of 18223:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 18218:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 15476: 15368:Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune 14437:"Explainer: the gods behind the days of the week" 13724: 13475:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 13469:Barr, Amy C.; Schwamb, Megan E. (1 August 2016). 12851: 12757:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 12330: 10320:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 9860:. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag GmbH. p. 492. 8880:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science 8589:Wieczorek, M. A. (2015), Schubert, Gerald (ed.), 8478:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 8255:Brown, Michael E.; Butler, Bryan (October 2023). 8071:Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (2003). 7065:20.500.11820/4f26e8e5-5d42-4259-bc20-fcb093d664b6 4291:In Korean, these names are more often written in 3668:or "justice". These names, first attested in the 2732:defined as planets by geophysical characteristics 2069:from which today's word "planet" was derived. In 1784:twice the size of the Great Red Spot, as well as 849:. Known exoplanets range in size from gas giants 18965: 17842:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules 15360: 15358: 13955: 13333:Runyon, Kirby D.; Stern, S. Alan (17 May 2018). 12484: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10439:(Press release). 12 October 2006. Archived from 9699:Zeilik, Michael A.; Gregory, Stephan A. (1998). 8932: 8930: 7207:Dvorak, R.; Kurths, J.; Freistetter, F. (2005). 5360:"Origin and Evolution of the Natural Satellites" 3100:deities; the slowest planet, Saturn, was called 2835:) to accommodate planets orbiting brown dwarfs. 2655:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Resolutions 5 and 6" 2330:and India. These astronomers, like the polymath 590:, Jupiter and Saturn, are primarily composed of 47:with size to scale (up to down, left to right): 15607: 14202:. Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 14124:Exoplanet Criteria for Inclusion in the Archive 13720: 13718: 13034: 13032: 13030: 13028: 12063:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 11256:Luhman, K. L.; Adame, Lucía; D'Alessio, Paola; 10990:Affholder, Antonin; et al. (7 June 2021). 10622: 10543:"Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres" 10285:Weaver, Donna; Villard, Ray (31 January 2007). 10031: 9853: 9749: 9380:"Can large icy moons accrete undifferentiated?" 9224: 9222: 8524: 8173:Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 7471: 7398: 6627:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6402: 6288: 6286: 4476: 1061:), as well as its large angle to the ecliptic ( 15194: 15192: 12470:. Harvard University Press. pp. 216–217. 12149:"Inana and Šukaletuda: A Sumerian Astral Myth" 12003:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia" 11940: 11432:"When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets?" 11306: 11199:B. E. Morgado; et al. (8 February 2023). 10895:"Bacterial explanation for Europa's rosy glow" 10084: 9586: 9524:Coustenis, Athéna & Taylor, F. W. (2008). 9436: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8299: 8070: 7962: 7812: 7810: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6466: 6134: 5533: 4267: 4237: 1501:), an object achieves conditions suitable for 552: 371:Protoplanets colliding during planet formation 18630: 17320: 15768: 15579: 15355: 15133: 14811:"Uranus and Neptune Get Hebrew Names at Last" 14610: 14608: 14231:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 128–129. 13048:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12577: 12575: 12531:The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel 12200:Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 11965: 11895: 11859:. Oxford University Press. pp. 296–297. 11856:The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy 11465: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11053:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 10611: 10284: 9556: 9258: 9134: 8927: 8671:"Official Working Definition of an Exoplanet" 8557: 7883: 7816: 7571: 7345: 7231: 6371: 6258:"Top Science Results from the Kepler Mission" 6219: 6217: 5988:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 425. 5877: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5253: 4998: 3753:), but there is no agreement among scholars. 3506: 3492: 3478: 3464: 3454: 2696:Criticisms and alternatives to IAU definition 1261:Exoplanetology § Rotation and axial tilt 290:have nonetheless continued to apply the term 15560:(educational site with illustrated articles) 15326: 14890: 14375: 14373: 13727:"Quantitative Criteria for Defining Planets" 13715: 13285: 13025: 12421:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers 12251: 12249: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11192: 11085:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 388–390. 10816: 9371: 9312: 9219: 9168: 9166: 8817: 8471: 8250: 8248: 7705: 7687:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 6435: 6283: 6130: 6128: 5704:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 59. 4901:Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites 4347:"The IAU working definition of an exoplanet" 3997:. An alternative symbol, ♅, was invented by 3744: 3734: 3724: 3714: 3700: 3690: 2884:announced the discovery of planets around a 2602:, were heralded in the popular press as the 1864: 386:forms at the core, surrounded by a rotating 27:Large, round non-stellar astronomical object 15248: 15246: 15189: 15103: 14960:Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities 14911:– via referenceworks.brillonline.com. 14379: 14349:. University of Chicago Press. p. 14. 14279:1871.1/f23ff882-1539-4906-bc08-049906f8d505 13847:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 13468: 13332: 12638:Baum, Richard P.; Sheehan, William (2003). 12637: 12375:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 116. 11994: 11812:The Mechanical Universe: Mechanics and Heat 10851: 9854:Badescu, Viorel (2015). Zacny, Kris (ed.). 9234:Department of Physics, University of Oregon 9055: 9036: 8979: 8656: 8254: 8191: 7857:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 7819:Rotational properties of Uranus and Neptune 7807: 7565: 6958: 6734: 6721: 5634:. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. 5574: 5364:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 5307:Martin, R. G.; Livio, M. (1 January 2013). 5306: 4850: 4567:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 4195:List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies 2564: 1982:Ancient civilizations and classical planets 1561: 1387: 18637: 18623: 17327: 17313: 15586: 15572: 15422:"Unicode request for dwarf-planet symbols" 15415: 15413: 15411: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15375: 15371:. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 5, 22. 14988:Galter, Hannes D. (23–27 September 1991). 14891:Ragep, F.J.; Hartner, W. (24 April 2012). 14761: 14759: 14757: 14605: 14336: 14193: 13878: 13876: 13659: 13657: 13326: 13168: 13038: 12572: 12493: 12000: 11917:; Sollberger, E.; Walker, C. B. F (eds.), 11711: 11450: 11416: 11099: 11050: 8134:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. 7665: 7612: 7459: 7434: 7432: 6613: 6214: 6064: 5752: 5695: 5693: 5163: 5096: 5065: 4695: 4660: 4497: 4430:. International Astronomical Union. 2006. 3808:of Uranus are named after characters from 1161:. For exoplanets, the plane, known as the 1019: 17385:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters 15291: 15289: 15111:"IAU: WG Small Body Nomenclature (WGSBN)" 15016: 14867: 14765: 14693:"Cambridge English-Vietnamese Dictionary" 14395: 14370: 14342: 14277: 14084: 14029: 13976: 13896: 13760: 13742: 13682: 13496: 13486: 13307: 13059: 12898: 12828: 12818: 12777: 12749: 12698: 12688: 12598: 12389: 12255: 12246: 12021: 11837: 11751:. British Museum Press. pp. 264–265. 11490: 11353: 11273: 11152: 11126: 10966: 10763: 10558: 10481: 10390: 10341: 10331: 10247: 10179: 10161: 10051: 9964: 9947:Knutson, Heather A.; Charbonneau, David; 9907: 9701:Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics 9659: 9606: 9347: 9187: 9163: 8962: 8888: 8837: 8784: 8712: 8702: 8698: 8696: 8588: 8507: 8489: 8420: 8379: 8326: 8290: 8272: 8245: 8212: 8160: 7626: 7597: 7532: 7518: 7512: 7503: 7359: 7245: 7137: 7054: 7036: 6979: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6908: 6816: 6770: 6752: 6667: 6657: 6639: 6486: 6310: 6177: 6125: 6084: 6045:"Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog" 5986:Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System 5846: 5702:Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System 5588: 5559: 5534:Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff (2005). 5334: 5324: 5267: 5214: 5116: 4959: 4912: 4889: 4821: 4768: 4715: 4686: 4621: 4564: 4362: 3436:(councilor of the gods) for Jupiter, and 3213:as the Greeks did and shared with them a 3197:'s Roman names of the planets are derived 1854:and displaced from the planets' centres. 1326:created by solar heating speeding it up. 18253:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 17099:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules 15516: 15275: 15243: 15046: 14808: 14254:"A Late Composition Dedicated to Nergal" 13929: 13359: 13107: 13039:Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006). 12721: 11968:Journal of the American Oriental Society 11886: 11434:. U.S. Naval Observatory. Archived from 10547:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 9940: 9847: 8937:Jacobson, Robert. A. (1 November 2022). 8936: 8551: 8530: 7854: 7674: 7670:. University Science Books. p. 384. 7209:Chaos And Stability in Planetary Systems 7181: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 6892: 6566:. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. 6180:"Planets Around the Pulsar PSR B1257+12" 5627: 4856: 4748: 4531: 4340: 4338: 4021:Some rarer planetary symbols in Unicode 3652:or "the bright planet", Mercury is כוכב 3625:神星 "pregnancy goddess star"), Makemake ( 3184: 2705: 2371: 2274: 2176: 1985: 1946: 1878: 1813: 1659: 1571: 1283: 1210: 1048: 1045:Exoplanetology § Orbital parameters 960:intelligent, communicating civilizations 820: 608: 492:ejecta producing planet-forming material 38: 17295:) may be read as "within" or "part of". 16323:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets 15402: 15252: 15139: 14754: 14711: 14580: 14529:Greek-English, English-Greek Dictionary 14435:Ross, Margaret Clunies (January 2018). 14251: 13873: 13654: 13627: 13555:Urrutia, Doris Elin (28 October 2019). 13554: 13519: 12792: 12518: 12395: 12338:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 12140: 12106: 11793: 11791: 11674: 11672: 11543:"Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology" 11249: 11077: 9723: 9692: 8752: 8750: 7684:The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System 7429: 6735:Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). 6588: 6582: 6444:"Two Earth-Size Planets Are Discovered" 6441: 6377: 5827: 5825: 5690: 5451: 5072:Taylor, G. Jeffrey (31 December 1998). 4992: 4801: 3648:or "the white one", Venus is כוכב נוגה 3617:神星 "hearth goddess star"), and Hygiea ( 3160:, Cronus's son who deposed him as king; 3153:, the Titan who fathered the Olympians; 2995: 2376:True-scale Solar System poster made by 2267:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world 984:, takes 88 days for an orbit, but 14: 18966: 15557:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 15419: 15286: 15053:(6th ed.). Springer. p. 15. 14987: 14948: 14841: 14647:from the original on 21 September 2022 14581:Panaino, Antonio (20 September 2016). 14551: 14526: 14495: 14142: 13795: 13663: 13204: 13139: 13078:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058 12980:. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 204. 12524: 12193: 12146: 12112: 11943:Astrological reports to Assyrian kings 11889:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 11523:from the original on 11 September 2022 11430:Hilton, James L. (17 September 2001). 11429: 10857: 10714: 9061: 8985: 8899:10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.238 8693: 8403:Walker, G. A. H.; et al. (2008). 8365: 8127: 8052:from the original on 27 September 2019 7848: 7844:. Springer New York. pp. 195–206. 7839: 7438: 6941: 6525: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5631:Cosmology: The Science of the Universe 5502: 5078:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 5071: 4999:Agnor, C. B.; Hamilton, D. P. (2006). 4226: – Scientific modeling of planets 3660:or "the red one", and Saturn is שבתאי 3577:星 "earth star"). The names of Uranus ( 2197:their own independent planetary theory 1935:, is believed to be orbited by a tiny 1905:The four giant planets are orbited by 1768:(on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized 1497:(at least for objects with solar-type 1349:appear to be mutually tidally locked. 894:star occurred on 6 October 1995, when 521:With the discovery and observation of 18618: 18561:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets 17308: 15567: 15364: 15295: 15231:from the original on 27 February 2018 15217: 15198: 15167:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature" 15115:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 15082:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 14593:from the original on 24 February 2023 14252:Cecilia, Ludovica (6 November 2019). 13844: 13628:Netburn, Deborah (13 November 2015). 13378: 13240:Green, D. W. E. (13 September 2006). 13239: 13174: 12414: 12363: 12171:from the original on 24 December 2019 12059: 11901: 11852: 11770:. Harvard University Press. pp. 11746: 10892: 10599:from the original on 14 December 2023 10522:from the original on 14 December 2023 10090: 9893: 9544:from the original on 14 December 2023 8876: 8628: 8453:from the original on 25 February 2021 8166: 7711: 7314: 7185: 7170: 6886: 6874:from the original on 10 November 2012 6690: 6454:from the original on 20 December 2011 6378:Johnson, Michele (20 December 2011). 6042: 5983: 5881:; Schaller, Emily L. (15 June 2007). 5699: 5648:from the original on 14 December 2023 5357: 4446: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4335: 3077:; and Jupiter after their chief god, 2845:Exoplanet § History of detection 2826:values of 0.1, or less. Objects with 2496:another planet even closer to the Sun 2420:When four satellites of Jupiter (the 2260: 658:. Ceres is the largest object in the 18243:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 18233:Habitability of neutron star systems 15332: 15201:Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus 15121:from the original on 8 February 2022 14969:from the original on 10 October 2022 14736:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2018.03.015 14638:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2007.04.020 14434: 14224: 13573:from the original on 5 November 2019 13347:from the original on 10 October 2019 13013:from the original on 30 October 2023 13006:The American Encyclopædic Dictionary 12984:from the original on 30 October 2023 12970: 12566:participating institution membership 12463: 12345:from the original on 1 February 2022 12258:Journal for the History of Astronomy 12041:from the original on 4 February 2019 11788: 11761: 11669: 11180:from the original on 7 November 2020 10017:from the original on 5 December 2022 9726:Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences 8747: 8644:from the original on 16 January 2011 7680: 7666:Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992). 6856: 6570:from the original on 20 October 2011 6442:Overbye, Dennis (20 December 2011). 6408: 6359:from the original on 19 October 2022 6255: 5822: 5536:"The Planet-Metallicity Correlation" 4513:from the original on 22 January 2022 4262:Timeline of Solar System exploration 3613:神星 "marriage goddess star"), Vesta ( 3073:; Mercury after their god of wisdom 2932:IAU working definition of exoplanets 382:into a thin disk of gas and dust. A 239:during the 16th and 17th centuries. 94:that is generally required to be in 18586:Sudarsky's gas giant classification 18213:Habitability of binary star systems 15314:from the original on 2 October 2022 15296:Iancu, Laurentiu (14 August 2009). 15282:. Sheldon & Co. pp. 32–36. 15177:from the original on 21 August 2014 14952:Sinn und Herkunft der Planetennamen 14823:from the original on 5 October 2022 14809:Ettinger, Yair (31 December 2009). 14699:from the original on 7 October 2022 14508:from the original on 23 August 2012 13609:from the original on 31 August 2022 13263:. Circular No. 8747. Archived from 13127:from the original on 6 October 2017 13115:"Estados Unidos "conquista" Haumea" 12119:. Macmillan and Co. pp. 7–11. 11749:Astronomy in China, Korea and Japan 11307:Whitney Clavin (29 November 2005). 10007:"First Map of an Extrasolar Planet" 9874:from the original on 21 August 2018 9527:Titan: Exploring an Earthlike World 9424:from the original on 9 October 2022 9359:from the original on 22 August 2016 8761:; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina; 8539:from the original on 20 August 2011 7877:10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.001021 7572:Thomas, P. C.; et al. (1997). 6237:from the original on 25 August 2016 6050:The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia 5740:from the original on 12 August 2019 5718: 5678:from the original on 4 October 2022 4587:10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.000453 3745: 3735: 3725: 3715: 3701: 3691: 3644:or "the hot one", the Moon is לבנה 3629:神星 "bird goddess star"), and Eris ( 3533:) use a naming system based on the 3518:, meaning "the permanent, steady". 3507: 3493: 3479: 3465: 3455: 1352: 920:catalog of Kepler candidate planets 427:may result. It is thought that the 24: 18571:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 18228:Habitability of natural satellites 15603: 15529:from the original on 6 August 2022 15438:from the original on 23 March 2022 15257:. Vol. 57. pp. 238–247. 15091:from the original on 20 March 2023 15032:Ali-Abu'l-Hassan, Mas'ûdi (1841). 14496:Harper, Douglas (September 2001). 14302:from the original on 22 March 2022 12856:(1978). "The Satellite of Pluto". 12331:O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. 11404:from the original on 26 April 2022 10893:Jones, Nicola (11 December 2001). 10715:Gefter, Amanda (17 January 2004). 10696:from the original on 25 April 2022 9734:10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00312-1 8757:Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi; 8638:California Institute of Technology 8535:. National Geodetic Survey, NOAA. 8179:from the original on 30 March 2004 8148:from the original on 6 August 2023 7292:. 15 December 2004. Archived from 7211:. New York: Springer. p. 90. 6864:"New 'super-Earth' found in space" 6691:Drake, Frank (29 September 2003). 6560:"The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog" 6024:from the original on 30 April 2012 5515:from the original on 23 March 2022 4434:from the original on 29 April 2014 4415: 3685:, "small light") and Neptune (רהב 3605:神星 "grain goddess star"), Pallas ( 2238:By the 1st century BC, during the 1957:Timeline of Solar System astronomy 988:can orbit in less than a day. The 510:and from the subsequent impact of 25: 19005: 18238:Habitability of red dwarf systems 15544: 15498:from the original on 26 July 2011 14673:from the original on 7 April 2010 14531:. Hippocrene Books. p. 259. 14323:Greek and Roman Mythology, A to Z 13450:from the original on 21 June 2022 13379:Brown, Mike (10 February 2023). 13367:Mercury: The View after MESSENGER 13221:from the original on 2 March 2007 13156:from the original on 19 July 2011 13145: 13123:(in Spanish). 20 September 2008. 12921:10.1038/scientificamerican0596-46 12795:"The History of the Solar System" 12506:from the original on 19 July 2012 12367:(1997). "Astronomy in India". In 12234:from the original on 16 June 2022 12116:Greek philosophy: Thales to Plato 10804:from the original on 10 July 2022 10358:from the original on 10 July 2022 10272:from the original on 28 July 2020 10150:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 10040:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 9530:. World Scientific. p. 130. 9454:from the original on 5 March 2023 7901:from the original on 9 March 2018 7744:from the original on 27 July 2020 7105:from the original on 5 April 2019 7025:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 6564:Planetary Habitability Laboratory 6475:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 6230:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 6014:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu 5084:from the original on 10 June 2010 4877:from the original on 30 June 2015 4838:from the original on 30 June 2015 4546:from the original on 10 July 2022 4532:Grossman, Lisa (24 August 2021). 3609:神星 "wisdom goddess star"), Juno ( 3327:, it derives ultimately from the 3221:. During the later period of the 3029:The names for the planets of the 2354:that, unlike the older method of 1392: 1041:Kepler's laws of planetary motion 868:In early 1992, radio astronomers 254:of the planets beyond Earth; the 18951: 18939: 18927: 18915: 18903: 18335:Stars with proto-planetary discs 18299:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database 18289:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 17777:Extraterrestrial sample curation 17408: 17186: 17174: 17162: 15593: 15517:Anderson, Deborah (4 May 2022). 15510: 15420:Miller, Kirk (26 October 2021). 15159: 15050:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names 15040: 15025: 15010: 14981: 14942: 14915: 14903:from the original on 9 July 2021 14884: 14835: 14802: 14685: 14659: 14574: 14562:from the original on 13 May 2022 14545: 14520: 14489: 14477:from the original on 10 May 2021 14459: 14447:from the original on 13 May 2022 14428: 14314: 14245: 14218: 14206:from the original on 6 June 2021 14194:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998). 14187: 14136: 14117: 14062: 14009: 13838: 13769: 13642:from the original on 3 June 2021 13621: 13585: 13548: 13462: 13395: 13372: 13233: 13215:British Broadcasting Corporation 13198: 13095:from the original on 4 July 2008 12996: 12964: 12952:from the original on 30 May 2012 12946:British Broadcasting Corporation 12938:"Pluto loses status as a planet" 12892: 12786: 12743: 12715: 12656: 12631: 12538: 12408: 12357: 12324: 12292: 12187: 12053: 11959: 11934: 11880: 11755: 11740: 11705: 11690:from the original on 3 July 2012 11657:from the original on 2 July 2015 11633: 11621:from the original on 1 June 2012 11607: 11565: 11535: 11386: 11071: 11044: 11032:from the original on 7 July 2021 10886: 10739: 10708: 10649: 10629:Encyclopedia of the Solar System 10534: 10457: 10370: 10307: 10293:from the original on 9 July 2016 10204: 10137: 9887: 9792: 9717: 9639: 9517: 9466: 9277: 9259:Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2006). 9252: 8915:from the original on 6 June 2022 8870: 8681:from the original on 3 July 2022 8611:from the original on 13 May 2022 8509:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12490.x 7327:from the original on 6 July 2007 7189:Manual of Astronomy: A Text Book 7186:Young, Charles Augustus (1902). 6540:from the original on 10 May 2016 6202:from the original on 13 May 2022 5628:Harrison, Edward Robert (2000). 4403:from the original on 13 May 2022 4285: 4254: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4037: 4028: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3788:in 1852. Pluto (named after the 3585:王星 "sea king star"), and Pluto ( 3335:, as can be seen in the English 2676:International Astronomical Union 2674:To acknowledge the problem, the 2616:International Astronomical Union 2285:fall of the Western Roman Empire 1931:, which has been described as a 1803: 1668:All of the Solar System planets 958:, which estimates the number of 799:object generally agreed to be a 479: 470: 364: 352: 280:International Astronomical Union 18644: 18248:Habitable zone for complex life 17686:Ultra-short period planet (USP) 17390:Methods of detecting exoplanets 17062:Gravitationally rounded objects 15336:Von dem neu entdeckten Planeten 14768:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14742:from the original on 5 May 2023 14558:(PhD). University of Michigan. 13205:Rincon, Paul (16 August 2006). 12467:The Lost Art of Finding Our Way 12425:Springer Science+Business Media 11714:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 11701:Note: select the Etymology tab 11553:from the original on 1 May 2015 11315:(Press release). Archived from 8622: 8582: 8465: 8396: 8359: 8121: 8109:from the original on 2 May 2019 8064: 8007: 7956: 7913: 7833: 7756: 7659: 7606: 7441:"Weather, Weather, Everywhere?" 7439:Harvey, Samantha (1 May 2006). 7392: 7339: 7308: 7286:"Planets – Kuiper Belt Objects" 7278: 7225: 7200: 7192:. Ginn & company. pp. 7117: 7087: 7012: 6787: 6684: 6589:Sanders, R. (4 November 2013). 6552: 6519: 6295:"A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet" 6249: 6171: 6010:"Pre-generated Exoplanet Plots" 6002: 5977: 5961:. 7 August 2017. Archived from 5947: 5883:"The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris" 5668:"Planetary Physical Parameters" 5621: 5568: 5527: 5496: 5445: 5410: 5358:Peale, S. J. (September 1999). 5351: 5300: 5247: 5194: 5157: 3501:. The Persian name for Saturn, 3442:(symbolic of time) for Saturn. 3069:; Mars after their god of war, 2838: 2219:, Greek corresponding to Latin 1584:interior consisting of a dense 1231:points away from its star, the 1190:longitude of the ascending node 851:about twice as large as Jupiter 18429:Discovered exoplanets by year 17334: 14552:Markel, Stephen Allen (1989). 13867:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.485 13207:"Planets plan boosts tally 12" 12750:Lyttleton, Raymond A. (1936). 12729:. The Free Press. p. 57. 12310:. Princeton University Press. 12010:Electronic Journal of Folklore 11891:. Vol. III. p. 1930. 9444:"A look into Vesta's interior" 8723:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038 7922:Astrophysics and Space Science 6693:"The Drake Equation Revisited" 6256:Chen, Rick (23 October 2018). 5384:10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.533 5074:"Origin of the Earth and Moon" 4859:"Terrestrial Planet Formation" 4654: 4558: 4525: 3843:Most common planetary symbols 3581:王星 "sky king star"), Neptune ( 2620:definition of a planet in the 2492:Neptune was discovered in 1846 1239:, resulting in changes to the 1114:gravitational potential energy 855:just over the size of the Moon 13: 1: 18730:creation of chemical elements 18556:Extrasolar planets in fiction 18203:Extraterrestrial liquid water 14844:"Hebrew names of the planets" 13941:European Southern Observatory 13731:The Planetary Science Journal 11398:NASA Solar System Exploration 11394:"What is a Planet? | Planets" 10845:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8 10013:(Press release). 9 May 2007. 9803:in the Atmosphere of Venus". 8531:Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A. 8261:The Planetary Science Journal 8100:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00043-5 8043:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00042-3 7985:10.1126/science.150.3704.1717 6526:Watson, Traci (10 May 2016). 5728:Marley, Mark (2 April 2019). 5674:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 4661:Inaba, S.; Ikoma, M. (2003). 4329: 3211:Proto-Indo-European mythology 3167:, son of Zeus and god of war; 2853:Even before the discovery of 2678:(IAU) set about creating the 1639: 1403:Astronomical body § Size 1200: 1007: 962:that exist in the Milky Way. 810: 110:, and is not one itself. The 18576:Planets in globular clusters 18193:Circumstellar habitable zone 14414:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002 14258:Altorientalische Forschungen 14200:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 14072:Astronomy & Astrophysics 13520:Villard, Ray (14 May 2010). 12642:. Basic Books. p. 264. 12617:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.026 11941:Hermann Hunger, ed. (1992). 11509:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768 11342:Astronomy & Astrophysics 9625:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.027 9407:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.041 9328:Astronomy & Astrophysics 9306:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5 9176:Astronomy & Astrophysics 9119:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.017 9084:10.1016/0019-1035(84)90140-4 9015:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025 8201:Astronomy & Astrophysics 7785:10.1126/science.139.3558.910 7738:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028 7551:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.007 7484:Geophysical Research Letters 7264:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.009 6225:"What worlds are out there?" 5865:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116017 5804:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037 5439:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90103-5 4787:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.004 4734:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.029 4275:famous mathematical constant 3699:, "the bright one"), Earth ( 2055: 2031: 1650:extraterrestrial atmospheres 685:One satellite of Earth: the 677:There are at least nineteen 332: 242:With the development of the 215:, this word referred to the 195: 7: 18536:Exoplanet naming convention 17646:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary 17157:Outline of the Solar System 16920:Interplanetary medium/space 15339:. Beim Verfaszer. pp. 14502:Online Etymology Dictionary 14343:Zerubavel, Eviatar (1989). 14225:Koch, Ulla Susanne (1995). 14103:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713 13995:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120 13915:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641 13701:10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/185 12398:Scientia/Rivista di Scienza 12194:Kurtik, G. E. (June 1999). 12147:Cooley, Jeffrey L. (2008). 12032:10.7592/fejf2001.16.planets 11372:10.1051/0004-6361/201322432 10899:New Scientist Print Edition 10825:Planetary and Space Science 10070:10.1088/2041-8205/776/2/L25 9778:10.1088/0034-4885/66/10/R04 9349:10.1051/0004-6361/201527083 9286:Planetary and Space Science 9263:. New York: Chelsea House. 9206:10.1051/0004-6361/202038372 8986:Thomas, P. C. (July 2010). 8883:. Oxford University Press. 8566:. NOAA/NGDC. Archived from 8231:10.1051/0004-6361/202245234 8169:"The Once and Future Pluto" 7840:Borgia, Michael P. (2006). 7156:10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159 6998:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25 6835:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172 5509:Planetary Science Institute 4978:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/203 4905:University of Arizona Press 4899:; Ward, William R. (2008). 4381:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641 4181: 3790:Greek god of the underworld 3430: 3426:(the god of war) for Mars, 3377:uses a system based on the 1407:Planetary coordinate system 1399:Earth § Size and shape 1254: 945:, 20 of which orbit in the 906:announced the detection of 847:having more than one planet 553:Planets in the Solar System 10: 19010: 18660:Chronology of the universe 17772:Extraterrestrial materials 17406: 16873:Extraterrestrial materials 15525:. The Unicode Consortium. 14048:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57 12464:Huth, John Edward (2013). 12278:10.1177/002182869702800101 11617:. Merriam-Webster OnLine. 11604:Retrieved on 11 July 2022. 11581: 11573: 11227:10.1038/S41586-022-05629-6 11018:10.1038/s41550-021-01372-6 10951:10.1038/s41467-018-02876-y 10662:Advances in Space Research 10631:. Academic Press. p. 10625:"Planetary Magnetospheres" 10500:10.1007/s11214-020-00758-8 9047:. JPL/NASA. Archived from 8439:10.1051/0004-6361:20078952 8409:Astronomy and Astrophysics 8131:Gravity from the Ground Up 7290:The Astrophysics Spectator 6927:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939 6896:Astronomy and Astrophysics 6804:Astronomy and Astrophysics 6772:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17 6505:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L8 5607:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/14 5503:Chuang, F. (6 June 2012). 5164:Dutkevitch, Diane (1995). 4688:10.1051/0004-6361:20031248 4667:Astronomy and Astrophysics 4640:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/77 4311:for Mercury. Pluto is not 3835: 3831: 3523:Chinese cultural influence 3355:retain the old Roman word 3174:, the goddess of love; and 3106:, the shiner; followed by 2999: 2842: 2699: 2571: 2365: 2264: 2180: 2113:Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa 2096: 2092: 2047: 2020: 1950: 1939:, and the sub-brown dwarf 1868: 1807: 1653: 1643: 1565: 1513:includes objects up to 60 1454: 1396: 1359:Clearing the neighbourhood 1356: 1258: 1204: 1038: 1028: 986:ultra-short period planets 887:that produced the pulsar. 859:gravitational microlensing 814: 556: 336: 189: 29: 18872: 18826: 18805: 18693: 18652: 18599:Discoveries of exoplanets 18594: 18523: 18312: 18271: 18173: 18085: 17992: 17925: 17802:Interplanetary dust cloud 17698: 17578: 17504: 17430: 17417: 17372: 17340: 17193:Earth sciences portal 17152: 17107: 17044: 16915:Interplanetary dust cloud 16794: 16630: 16560: 16271: 16213: 15906: 15759: 15601: 15225:"Bianchini's planisphere" 15199:Jones, Alexander (1999). 15142:Astronomische Nachrichten 15084:(PDF). 20 December 2021. 15006:– via Google Books. 14938:– via Google Books. 14869:10.1017/S1743921311002432 14471:Oxford English Dictionary 14018:The Astrophysical Journal 13965:The Astrophysical Journal 13428:10.1038/s41550-020-1168-2 13309:10.1017/S1539299600013289 12854:Harrington, Robert Sutton 12553:Oxford English Dictionary 12220:10.1080/10556799908244112 11766:The Copernican Revolution 11684:Oxford English Dictionary 10752:The Astrophysical Journal 10682:10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.061 8826:The Astrophysical Journal 8167:Young, Leslie A. (1997). 7681:Lang, Kenneth R. (2011). 7615:The Astrophysical Journal 7317:"17. Visual binary stars" 7126:The Astrophysical Journal 6968:The Astrophysical Journal 6741:The Astrophysical Journal 6713:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5833:from JWST Spectroscopy". 5736:. The Planetary Society. 5540:The Astrophysical Journal 5203:The Astrophysical Journal 4948:The Astrophysical Journal 4610:The Astrophysical Journal 3984:four corners of the world 3061:goddess of love with the 2645:cleared the neighbourhood 2310:mostly took place in the 2195:appear to have developed 2153:and the superior planets 1865:Secondary characteristics 1730:runaway greenhouse effect 1568:Planetary differentiation 43:The eight planets of the 18304:Open Exoplanet Catalogue 18279:Nearby Habitable Systems 18165:Transit-timing variation 17206:Local Interstellar Cloud 15924:other near-Earth objects 15276:Mattison, Hiram (1872). 14949:Eilers, Wilhelm (1976). 14527:Kambas, Michael (2004). 14498:"Etymology of "terrain"" 14328:29 December 2022 at the 14196:"Nergal A. Philological" 14133:, NASA Exoplanet Archive 13670:The Astronomical Journal 12690:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5be2 12669:The Astronomical Journal 11762:Kuhn, Thomas S. (1957). 10181:10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc 9896:J. Geophys. Res. Planets 9648:The Astronomical Journal 9568:Solar System Exploration 9564:"Neptune: Moons: Triton" 8964:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9 8943:The Astronomical Journal 8128:Schutz, Bernard (2003). 7895:Solar System Exploration 7712:Bills, Bruce G. (2005). 7056:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123 6421:10.1038/nature.2011.9688 6178:Wolszczan, Alex (2008). 5577:The Astronomical Journal 5474:10.1126/science.11536547 4810:"Giant Planet Formation" 4231: 3960:Annie Scott Dill Maunder 3709:, from the same root as 3170:Phosphoros was ruled by 3134:and the earlier Titans: 2730:, celestial objects are 2687:, provided they are not 1764:(on Earth), planet-wide 1592:that either is or was a 1562:Internal differentiation 1511:exoplanets Encyclopaedia 1490:star. Beyond roughly 13 1425:bulge around the equator 1388:Physical characteristics 1365:cleared its neighborhood 1024: 18989:Observational astronomy 18787:Agricultural Revolution 18581:Small planet radius gap 18284:Exoplanet Data Explorer 18208:Galactic habitable zone 17782:Giant-impact hypothesis 17169:Solar System portal 16895:Giant-impact hypothesis 16502:Trans-Neptunian objects 15047:Schmadel, Lutz (2012). 14667:"Planetary linguistics" 14129:27 January 2015 at the 14095:2011A&A...532A..79S 13859:2000ARA&A..38..485B 13288:Highlights of Astronomy 12558:Oxford University Press 12498:. The Galileo Project. 12494:Van Helden, Al (1995). 12441:10.1888/0333750888/3736 12212:1999A&AT...17..501K 11801:; Olenick, Richard P.; 11597:A Greek–English Lexicon 11547:The Library of Congress 11364:2013A&A...558L...7J 10837:2000P&SS...48..617G 10409:10.1126/science.1133904 10011:Center for Astrophysics 9495:10.1126/science.1159314 9448:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 9340:2015A&A...584A.117N 9298:1995P&SS...43.1517P 9198:2020A&A...641A..80Y 8431:2008A&A...482..691W 8223:2023A&A...669L...3S 7942:10.1023/A:1012221527425 7934:2001Ap&SS.277..293Z 7869:1993ARA&A..31..129L 7423:10.1029/RG004i004p00411 6919:2007A&A...476.1365V 6827:2009A&A...507..487M 6659:10.1073/pnas.1319909110 6595:newscenter.berkeley.edu 5984:Lewis, John S. (2004). 5910:10.1126/science.1139415 5700:Lewis, John S. (2004). 5376:1999ARA&A..37..533P 5135:10.1126/science.aad1815 4861:. In Seager, S. (ed.). 4812:. In Seager, S. (ed.). 4679:2003A&A...410..711I 4579:1980ARA&A..18...77W 4224:Theoretical planetology 3991:Johann Gottfried Köhler 3511:), is a borrowing from 3347:, and the Scandinavian 3156:Phaethon was sacred to 2924:, a heavier isotope of 2736:hydrostatic equilibrium 2638:hydrostatic equilibrium 2584:trans-Neptunian objects 2527:trans-Neptunian objects 2384:With the advent of the 2215:) as one and the same ( 2183:Ancient Greek astronomy 2173:in early modern times. 2165:were all identified by 1917:and were torn apart by 1831:electrically conducting 1778:holes in the atmosphere 1772:on Jupiter (called the 1522:Exoplanet Data Explorer 1467:hydrostatic equilibrium 1450: 1281:relative to its orbit. 1020:Dynamic characteristics 452:Poynting–Robertson drag 156:, which posits that an 32:Planet (disambiguation) 18541:Exoplanet phase curves 18379:Terrestrial candidates 18330:Multiplanetary systems 18294:NASA Exoplanet Archive 17977:Mean-motion resonances 17787:Gravitational collapse 17737:Circumstellar envelope 17057:Possible dwarf planets 16900:Gravitational collapse 16838:Circumstellar envelope 15643: 15460:. NASA. Archived from 14897:Encyclopaedia of Islam 14628:(in Chinese (China)). 14270:10.1515/aofo-2019-0014 12793:Whipple, Fred (1964). 12779:10.1093/mnras/97.2.108 12084:10.1098/rsta.1974.0008 11615:"Definition of planet" 10880:10.1006/icar.2000.6400 8675:IAU position statement 8595:Treatise on Geophysics 7599:10.1006/icar.1997.5736 7443:. NASA. Archived from 6018:NASA Exoplanet Archive 4460:. 2001. Archived from 4212:Planetary habitability 3420:('bright') for Venus, 3198: 3149:Phainon was sacred to 2969: 2744: 2723: 2671: 2381: 2280: 2167:Babylonian astronomers 2083:center of the Universe 1991: 1887: 1822: 1665: 1656:Extraterrestrial skies 1577: 1463:electromagnetic forces 1377:definition of a planet 1294: 1220: 1066: 927:Kepler space telescope 916:Kepler space telescope 914:. From then until the 910:, an exoplanet around 830: 827:NASA Exoplanet Archive 615: 80: 18994:Concepts in astronomy 18416:Potentially habitable 18321:Exoplanetary systems 18263:Superhabitable planet 18022:F/Yellow-white dwarfs 17907:Sample-return mission 17807:Interplanetary medium 17266:Laniakea Supercluster 16883:Sample-return mission 15642: 15279:High-School Astronomy 14842:Zucker, Shay (2011). 13885:New Astronomy Reviews 13498:10.1093/mnras/stw1052 12820:10.1073/pnas.52.2.565 12333:"Aryabhata the Elder" 12113:Burnet, John (1950). 11853:Evans, James (1998). 11588:Liddell, Henry George 11262:Astrophysical Journal 10931:Nature Communications 10470:Space Science Reviews 10333:10.1093/mnras/sty1544 9230:"Planetary Interiors" 8765:; Howard, Andrew W.; 8705:The CoRoT Legacy Book 8314:Astrophysical Journal 7466:Planetary Fact Sheets 7402:Reviews of Geophysics 7348:Astrophysical Journal 7323:. Personal web page. 7315:Tatum, J. B. (2007). 6184:Extreme Solar Systems 5672:Solar System Dynamics 5336:10.1093/mnrasl/sls003 4857:Chambers, J. (2011). 4507:The Planetary Society 4351:New Astronomy Reviews 3674:Epiphanius of Salamis 3535:five Chinese elements 3188: 3163:Pyroeis was given to 2974:planetary mass object 2939: 2876:In 1992, astronomers 2843:Further information: 2740: 2709: 2660:. IAU. 24 August 2006 2625: 2572:Further information: 2386:Scientific Revolution 2375: 2306:The astronomy of the 2278: 2233:Scientific Revolution 2177:Greco-Roman astronomy 2134:, written during the 1989: 1951:Further information: 1947:History and etymology 1882: 1819:Earth's magnetosphere 1817: 1737:. Titan has the only 1684:and the dwarf planet 1663: 1575: 1287: 1214: 1194:argument of periapsis 1052: 824: 693:satellites of Jupiter 612: 359:A protoplanetary disk 187:comes from the Greek 42: 18839:Cynthia Stokes Brown 18744:formation of planets 18680:Goldilocks principle 18551:Extragalactic planet 18531:Carl Sagan Institute 17812:Interplanetary space 17727:Circumplanetary disk 17400:Planet-hosting stars 17181:Astronomy portal 17082:Solar System objects 16828:Circumplanetary disk 15491:. 1989. p. 27. 15485:The IAU Style Manual 15365:Gould, B.A. (1850). 14587:Encyclopædia Iranica 13178:(23 February 2021). 12858:Astronomical Journal 12427:. pp. 570–572. 11799:Frautschi, Steven C. 11438:on 21 September 2007 10577:10.1029/2020JE006629 9926:10.1002/2016JE005240 7505:10.1002/2016GL069368 7095:"Extrasolar Planets" 5730:"Not a Heart of Ice" 5256:Astronomical Journal 4464:on 16 September 2006 3826:ferryman of the dead 3764:(the counterpart of 3569:星 "wood star"), and 2996:Mythology and naming 2878:Aleksander Wolszczan 2863:thermonuclear fusion 2792:planetary-mass moons 2680:definition of planet 2640:(nearly round) shape 2574:Definition of planet 2225:Aristarchus of Samos 2211:) and morning star ( 2099:Babylonian astronomy 1953:History of astronomy 1345:and its parent star 1322:slowing it down and 904:University of Geneva 870:Aleksander Wolszczan 845:, with 1007 systems 775:satellite of Neptune 749:satellites of Uranus 715:satellites of Saturn 679:planetary-mass moons 346:Artists' impressions 288:planetary scientists 258:Uranus and Neptune; 18813:Big History Project 18806:Web-based education 18653:Themes and subjects 17892:Protoplanetary disk 17872:Planetary migration 17827:Interstellar medium 17606:Circumtriple planet 17601:Circumbinary planet 17280:Observable universe 17077:Solar System models 17007:Protoplanetary disk 16930:Interstellar medium 16890:Frost/Ice/Snow line 15396:1917Obs....40..306H 15349:1784vdne.book.....B 15333:Bode, J.E. (1784). 15263:1934Obs....57..238M 15154:1852AN.....34..325. 14860:2011IAUS..260..301Z 14669:. nineplanets.org. 14406:1999JRASC..93..122F 14040:2011ApJ...727...57S 13987:2013ApJ...770..120B 13907:2022NewAR..9401641L 13816:1995Natur.378..355M 13790:2003IAUS..211..529B 13753:2024PSJ.....5..159M 13693:2015AJ....150..185M 13605:. 28 October 2019. 13603:Society for Science 13420:2020NatAs...4..741R 13300:2002HiA....12..205S 13261:2006IAUC.8747....1G 13150:"The Dwarf Planets" 13070:2006AREPS..34..193B 12913:1996SciAm.274e..46L 12901:Scientific American 12870:1978AJ.....83.1005C 12852:Christy, James W.; 12811:1964PNAS...52..565W 12770:1936MNRAS..97..108L 12681:2017AJ....153..121P 12609:2019Icar..319...21M 12556:(Online ed.). 12496:"Copernican System" 12433:2000eaa..bookE3736. 12270:1997JHA....28....1G 12076:1974RSPTA.276...43S 11807:Goodstein, David L. 11501:2022Icar..37414768M 11284:2005ApJ...635L..93L 11219:2023Natur.614..239M 11145:10.1038/nature24051 11137:2017Natur.550..219O 11065:1996DPS....28.1815M 11010:2021NatAs...5..805A 10943:2018NatCo...9..748T 10872:2000Icar..146..444F 10774:2003ApJ...597.1092S 10674:2004AdSpR..34.1395D 10569:2021JGRE..12606629F 10492:2020SSRv..216..139S 10401:2006Sci...314..623H 10240:10.1038/nature05525 10232:2007Natur.445..511B 10172:2019ApJ...887L..14B 10107:2014Natur.505...31M 10062:2013ApJ...776L..25D 9983:10.1038/nature05782 9975:2007Natur.447..183K 9918:2017JGRE..122..432H 9817:1970Natur.226.1037R 9811:(5250): 1037–1039. 9770:2003RPPh...66.1699B 9670:2005AJ....129..518S 9617:2015Icar..246..268L 9487:2008Sci...321...90Z 9399:2014Icar..237..377M 9149:2014NatGe...7..564A 9111:2005Icar..175..141H 9076:1984Icar...60...83G 9024:on 23 December 2018 9007:2010Icar..208..395T 8955:2022AJ....164..199J 8848:2003ApJ...591L.147K 8795:2011PASP..123..412W 8763:Johnson, John Asher 8634:"The Dwarf Planets" 8560:Smith, Walter H. F. 8500:2007MNRAS.382.1823F 8390:2014arXiv1405.1025S 8337:2006ApJ...639.1238R 8283:2023PSJ.....4..193B 8092:2003Icar..163...24C 8035:2003Icar..163....1C 7977:1965Sci...150.1717L 7827:1984NASCP2330..327B 7777:1963Sci...139..910G 7730:2005Icar..175..233B 7637:2005ApJ...628L.159W 7590:1997Icar..128...88T 7543:2010Icar..205..460C 7496:2016GeoRL..43.6783S 7415:1966RvGSP...4..411G 7370:2002ApJ...566L.125T 7321:Celestial Mechanics 7256:2008Icar..193..475M 7148:2010ApJ...709..159A 7047:2021ApJ...916L..11Z 6990:2015ApJ...810L..25H 6763:2017ApJ...834...17C 6650:2013PNAS..11019273P 6634:(48): 19273–19278. 6497:2013ApJ...767L...8K 6329:10.1038/nature11914 6321:2013Natur.494..452B 6196:2008ASPC..398....3W 6149:1992Natur.355..145W 6103:10.1038/nature10684 6095:2012Natur.481..167C 5902:2007Sci...316.1585B 5857:2024Icar..41416017E 5796:2019Icar..334...30G 5599:2015AJ....149...14W 5552:2005ApJ...622.1102F 5466:1993Sci...259..920K 5431:1987Icar...69..239I 5278:2006AJ....131.1837K 5225:2003ApJ...585L.143M 5182:on 25 November 2007 5176:1995PhDT..........D 5127:2015Sci...350.1815S 5028:10.1038/nature04792 5020:2006Natur.441..192A 4970:2015ApJ...806..203D 4923:2009euro.book...59C 4871:2010exop.book..297C 4832:2010exop.book..319D 4779:2009Icar..199..338L 4726:2014Icar..241..298D 4632:2013ApJ...778...77D 4503:"What Is A Planet?" 4373:2022NewAR..9401641L 4022: 3844: 2833:age of the Universe 2346:. His contemporary 2326:, and later in the 2008:religious cosmology 1937:protoplanetary disc 1788:on the hot Jupiter 1441:reference ellipsoid 1382:circumstellar discs 1279:retrograde rotation 1233:southern hemisphere 1229:northern hemisphere 388:protoplanetary disk 176:, a process called 170:protoplanetary disk 160:collapses out of a 116:terrestrial planets 17857:Nebular hypothesis 17832:Interstellar space 17817:Interstellar cloud 17797:Internal structure 17732:Circumstellar disc 17260:Virgo Supercluster 17241:Milky Way subgroup 17072:Natural satellites 16955:Nebular hypothesis 16935:Interstellar space 16925:Interstellar cloud 16833:Circumstellar disc 16423:Near-Earth objects 16307:names and meanings 15644: 15017:al-Masūdī (1841). 13943:. 22 December 2021 13762:10.3847/PSJ/ad55f3 12972:Hind, John Russell 12948:. 24 August 2006. 12583:Metzger, Philip T. 12308:Ptolemy's Almagest 11471:Metzger, Philip T. 11319:on 11 October 2012 9574:on 10 January 2008 9450:. 6 January 2011. 9261:Jupiter and Saturn 8759:Marcy, Geoffrey W. 8292:10.3847/PSJ/ace52a 7701:on 1 January 2016. 6601:on 7 November 2014 6448:The New York Times 6233:. 25 August 2016. 5965:on 9 November 2019 5505:"FAQ – Atmosphere" 5053:on 14 October 2016 4616:(1): 77 (29 pp.). 4218:Planetary mnemonic 4020: 3842: 3760:and Neptune for a 3396:. The planets are 3325:Germanic languages 3199: 3189:The Greek gods of 3024:Proxima Centauri b 3018:(planets of other 2902:Geneva Observatory 2724: 2689:natural satellites 2565:Defining the term 2500:general relativity 2390:heliocentric model 2382: 2336:Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi 2308:Islamic Golden Age 2281: 2261:Medieval astronomy 2240:Hellenistic period 1992: 1900:natural satellites 1888: 1823: 1792:, the super-Earth 1726:Venus's atmosphere 1666: 1664:Earth's atmosphere 1578: 1499:isotopic abundance 1339:triaxial ellipsoid 1304:stochastic process 1295: 1221: 1067: 943:same size as Earth 831: 801:geophysical planet 785:satellite of Pluto 616: 547:population II star 457:natural satellites 429:regular satellites 425:terrestrial planet 339:Nebular hypothesis 164:to create a young 158:interstellar cloud 154:nebular hypothesis 81: 18984:Planetary science 18891: 18890: 18766:- development of 18758:evolution of life 18720:creation of stars 18612: 18611: 18188:Astrooceanography 17822:Interstellar dust 17694: 17693: 17570:Ultra-hot Neptune 17565:Ultra-hot Jupiter 17514:Eccentric Jupiter 17364:Planetary science 17302: 17301: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17142: 17120:Lagrangian points 17092:by discovery date 16690:Human spaceflight 16661:historical models 16554: 16553: 16179:S/2015 (136472) 1 15551:Photojournal NASA 15464:on 1 October 2006 15210:978-0-87169-233-7 14356:978-0-226-98165-9 14238:978-87-7289-287-0 13810:(6356): 355–359. 13635:Los Angeles Times 13319:978-1-58381-086-6 13147:Brown, Michael E. 12736:978-0-684-83252-4 12564:(Subscription or 12477:978-0-674-07282-4 12450:978-0-333-75088-9 12317:978-0-691-00260-6 12126:978-1-4067-6601-1 11952:978-951-570-130-5 11915:Hammond, N. G. L. 11911:Edwards, I. E. S. 11866:978-0-19-509539-5 11822:978-0-521-71590-4 11781:978-0-674-17103-9 11213:(7947): 239–243. 11121:(7675): 219–223. 11092:978-3-540-00241-3 11079:Thérèse, Encrenaz 10717:"Magnetic planet" 10642:978-0-12-088589-3 10385:(5799): 623–626. 10226:(7127): 511–514. 9959:(7141): 183–186. 9825:10.1038/2261037a0 9764:(10): 1699–1734. 9710:978-0-03-006228-5 9537:978-981-270-501-3 9292:(12): 1517–1522. 9270:978-0-8160-5196-0 9137:Nature Geoscience 9051:on 27 April 2012. 8908:978-0-19-064792-6 8767:Fischer, Debra A. 8732:978-2-7598-1876-1 8630:Brown, Michael E. 8604:978-0-444-53803-1 8558:Sandwell, D. T.; 8368:Planex Newsletter 7771:(3558): 910–911. 7490:(13): 6783–6789. 7447:on 31 August 2006 7218:978-3-540-28208-2 7099:lasp.colorado.edu 6870:. 25 April 2007. 6305:(7438): 452–454. 6143:(6356): 145–147. 6079:(7380): 167–169. 5995:978-0-12-446744-6 5879:Brown, Michael E. 5711:978-0-12-446744-6 5641:978-0-521-66148-5 5460:(5097): 920–926. 5111:(6258): aad1815. 4932:978-0-8165-2844-8 4501:(21 April 2020). 4499:Lakdawalla, Emily 4281:≈3.14159265 ... . 4159: 4158: 4011:the god's trident 3945: 3944: 3800:is named after a 3670:Babylonian Talmud 3553:星 "metal star"), 3545:星 "water star"), 3487:; and Jupiter is 3353:Romance languages 3261:Hellenistic Egypt 3259:but developed in 3193:, after whom the 3020:planetary systems 2945:L4/L5 instability 2728:planetary geology 2538:asteroid families 2486:planetary symbols 1996:classical planets 1929:Cha 110913−773444 1871:Natural satellite 1845:. Jupiter's moon 1735:human exploration 1722:Mars's atmosphere 1672:have substantial 1632:that generates a 1614:metallic hydrogen 1324:atmospheric tides 1075:counter-clockwise 998:chthonian planets 843:planetary systems 563:According to the 543:population I star 531:chemical elements 523:planetary systems 516:escape mechanisms 500:radioactive decay 490:Supernova remnant 323:planetary surface 246:, the meaning of 225:multiple cultures 92:astronomical body 63:(outer planets), 16:(Redirected from 19001: 18956: 18955: 18954: 18944: 18943: 18942: 18932: 18931: 18930: 18920: 18919: 18918: 18908: 18907: 18899: 18694:Eight thresholds 18665:Cosmic evolution 18639: 18632: 18625: 18616: 18615: 18566:Neptunian desert 17952:Tidally detached 17887:Planet formation 17877:Planetary system 17767:Exozodiacal dust 17757:Disrupted planet 17681:Ultra-cool dwarf 17611:Disrupted planet 17596:Chthonian planet 17428: 17427: 17412: 17395:Planetary system 17329: 17322: 17315: 17306: 17305: 17296: 17294: 17285: 17278: 17271: 17264: 17258: 17252: 17246: 17239: 17232: 17225: 17218: 17211: 17204: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17179: 17178: 17177: 17167: 17166: 17165: 16868:Exozodiacal dust 16558: 16557: 16524:Detached objects 15766: 15765: 15762: 15761: 15606: 15588: 15581: 15574: 15565: 15564: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15497: 15490: 15480: 15474: 15473: 15471: 15469: 15454: 15448: 15447: 15445: 15443: 15437: 15426: 15417: 15400: 15399: 15379: 15373: 15372: 15362: 15353: 15352: 15330: 15324: 15323: 15321: 15319: 15313: 15302: 15293: 15284: 15283: 15273: 15267: 15266: 15250: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15236: 15221: 15215: 15214: 15196: 15187: 15186: 15184: 15182: 15163: 15157: 15156: 15137: 15131: 15130: 15128: 15126: 15107: 15101: 15100: 15098: 15096: 15090: 15079: 15071: 15065: 15064: 15044: 15038: 15037: 15029: 15023: 15022: 15014: 15008: 15007: 14985: 14979: 14978: 14976: 14974: 14968: 14957: 14946: 14940: 14939: 14919: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14908: 14899:(2nd ed.). 14888: 14882: 14881: 14871: 14839: 14833: 14832: 14830: 14828: 14806: 14800: 14799: 14763: 14752: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14715: 14709: 14708: 14706: 14704: 14689: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14678: 14663: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14652: 14646: 14623: 14620: 14612: 14603: 14602: 14600: 14598: 14578: 14572: 14571: 14569: 14567: 14549: 14543: 14542: 14524: 14518: 14517: 14515: 14513: 14493: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14482: 14463: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14452: 14441:The Conversation 14432: 14426: 14425: 14399: 14397:astro-ph/0307398 14377: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14340: 14334: 14318: 14312: 14311: 14309: 14307: 14281: 14249: 14243: 14242: 14222: 14216: 14215: 14213: 14211: 14191: 14185: 14184: 14140: 14134: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14088: 14066: 14060: 14059: 14033: 14013: 14007: 14006: 13980: 13959: 13953: 13952: 13950: 13948: 13933: 13927: 13926: 13900: 13880: 13871: 13870: 13842: 13836: 13835: 13824:10.1038/378355a0 13799: 13793: 13792: 13773: 13767: 13766: 13764: 13746: 13722: 13713: 13712: 13686: 13665:Margot, Jean-Luc 13661: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13625: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13589: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13552: 13546: 13545: 13543: 13541: 13517: 13511: 13510: 13500: 13490: 13481:(2): 1542–1548. 13466: 13460: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13408:Nature Astronomy 13399: 13393: 13392: 13376: 13370: 13363: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13330: 13324: 13322: 13311: 13283: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13246: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13191: 13172: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13094: 13063: 13061:astro-ph/0608417 13045: 13036: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13000: 12994: 12993: 12991: 12989: 12968: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12934: 12925: 12924: 12896: 12890: 12889: 12864:(8): 1005–1008. 12849: 12843: 12842: 12832: 12822: 12790: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12747: 12741: 12740: 12719: 12713: 12712: 12702: 12692: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12635: 12629: 12628: 12602: 12579: 12570: 12569: 12561: 12549: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12526:Dreyer, J. L. E. 12522: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12491: 12482: 12481: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12412: 12406: 12405: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12296: 12290: 12289: 12253: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12239: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12178: 12176: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12110: 12104: 12103: 12070:(1257): 43–50 . 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12046: 12040: 12025: 12007: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11850: 11835: 11834: 11795: 11786: 11785: 11769: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11744: 11738: 11737: 11709: 11703: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11676: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11611: 11605: 11584: 11583: 11576: 11575: 11569: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11558: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11494: 11467: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11427: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11357: 11337: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11303: 11277: 11275:astro-ph/0511807 11253: 11247: 11246: 11196: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11185: 11179: 11156: 11130: 11112: 11103: 11097: 11096: 11083:The Solar System 11075: 11069: 11068: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11037: 10997:Nature Astronomy 10987: 10981: 10980: 10970: 10925:February 2018). 10921: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10905:on 10 April 2008 10901:. Archived from 10890: 10884: 10883: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10831:(7–8): 617–636. 10820: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10767: 10765:astro-ph/0303557 10758:(2): 1092–1096. 10743: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10723:. Archived from 10712: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10668:(6): 1395–1403. 10653: 10647: 10646: 10620: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10562: 10538: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10527: 10485: 10461: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10428: 10394: 10392:astro-ph/0610491 10374: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10345: 10335: 10326:(3): 3115–3125. 10311: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10251: 10217: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10183: 10165: 10141: 10135: 10134: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10055: 10035: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10022: 10002: 9968: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9911: 9891: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9663: 9661:astro-ph/0410059 9643: 9637: 9636: 9610: 9590: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9570:. Archived from 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9423: 9384: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9351: 9325: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9240:on 8 August 2012 9236:. Archived from 9226: 9217: 9216: 9191: 9170: 9161: 9160: 9157:10.1038/NGEO2189 9132: 9123: 9122: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9023: 9017:. Archived from 8992: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8966: 8934: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8892: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8841: 8839:astro-ph/0305536 8832:(2): L147–L150. 8821: 8815: 8814: 8788: 8779:(902): 412–422. 8754: 8745: 8744: 8716: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8667: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8511: 8493: 8484:(4): 1823–1828. 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8424: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8383: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8330: 8328:astro-ph/0509401 8321:(2): 1238–1251. 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8276: 8252: 8243: 8242: 8216: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8108: 8077: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8051: 8020: 8011: 8005: 8004: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7928:(1/2): 293–300. 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7891:"Planet Compare" 7887: 7881: 7880: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7814: 7805: 7804: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7697:. Archived from 7678: 7672: 7671: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7630: 7628:astro-ph/0506468 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7536: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7363: 7361:astro-ph/0201040 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7296:on 23 March 2021 7282: 7276: 7275: 7249: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7183: 7168: 7167: 7141: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7058: 7040: 7016: 7010: 7009: 6983: 6960:Hatzes, Artie P. 6956: 6939: 6938: 6912: 6903:(3): 1365–1371. 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6845:. Archived from 6820: 6800: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6774: 6756: 6732: 6719: 6718: 6712: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6671: 6661: 6643: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6597:. Archived from 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6490: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6386:. Archived from 6375: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6314: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6273: 6264:. Archived from 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6157:10.1038/355145a0 6132: 6123: 6122: 6088: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5934: 5928:. Archived from 5887: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5850: 5829: 5820: 5819: 5818:on 7 April 2019. 5814:. Archived from 5781: 5776: 5772:(229762) 2007 UK 5765: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5725: 5716: 5715: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5592: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5394:. Archived from 5355: 5349: 5348: 5338: 5328: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5271: 5269:astro-ph/0503568 5262:(3): 1837–1850. 5251: 5245: 5244: 5218: 5216:astro-ph/0302042 5209:(2): L143–L146. 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5178:. Archived from 5161: 5155: 5154: 5120: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5046:. Archived from 5005: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4963: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4916: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4825: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4772: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4719: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4625: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4495: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4366: 4342: 4324: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4271: 4265: 4258: 4252: 4241: 4200:Lists of planets 4155: 4146: 4137: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4101: 4095: 4086: 4077: 4068: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4019: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3854: 3845: 3841: 3838:Planetary symbol 3748: 3747: 3743:), and Jupiter ( 3738: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3704: 3703: 3694: 3693: 3638:Hebrew astronomy 3561:星 "fire star"), 3525:(such as Japan, 3510: 3509: 3496: 3495: 3482: 3481: 3468: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3433: 3309:Anglo-Saxon gods 3301:(Thursday), and 3265:days of the week 3205:and, later, the 3039:English language 3006:classical planet 2959: 2958: 2957: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2659: 2647:around its orbit 2411:William Herschel 2342:was observed by 2340:transit of Venus 2293:Earth's rotation 2271:Indian astronomy 2144:inferior planets 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2032:planētes asteres 2028: 2027: 1827:magnetic moments 1702: 1701: 1700: 1588:surrounded by a 1439:or specifying a 1421:Earth's rotation 1353:Orbital clearing 1341:. The exoplanet 1299:angular momentum 1293: 1186:descending nodes 1167:plane of the sky 1035:orbital elements 537:greater than 2 ( 483: 474: 444:photoevaporation 413:atmospheric drag 368: 356: 311:eccentric orbits 210: 207: 204: 200: 192: 191: 21: 19009: 19008: 19004: 19003: 19002: 19000: 18999: 18998: 18964: 18963: 18962: 18952: 18950: 18940: 18938: 18928: 18926: 18916: 18914: 18902: 18894: 18892: 18887: 18868: 18849:David Christian 18822: 18801: 18689: 18648: 18643: 18613: 18608: 18604:Search projects 18590: 18519: 18308: 18267: 18169: 18141:Radial velocity 18081: 18037:K/Orange dwarfs 18027:G/Yellow dwarfs 17988: 17982:Titius–Bode law 17921: 17852:Molecular cloud 17752:Detached object 17703: 17701: 17690: 17676:Toroidal planet 17666:Sub-brown dwarf 17574: 17500: 17472:(Super-Mercury) 17445:Coreless planet 17421: 17419: 17413: 17404: 17368: 17336: 17333: 17303: 17298: 17292: 17290: 17289: 17283: 17276: 17269: 17262: 17256: 17250: 17244: 17237: 17230: 17223: 17216: 17209: 17202: 17187: 17185: 17175: 17173: 17163: 17161: 17148: 17139: 17103: 17040: 17024:vs. Hill sphere 16950:Molecular cloud 16878:Sample curation 16858:Detached object 16797: 16790: 16634: 16626: 16563: 16550: 16495:Neptune trojans 16278: 16276: 16274: 16267: 16209: 15902: 15773: 15755: 15641: 15604: 15597: 15592: 15547: 15542: 15532: 15530: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15499: 15495: 15488: 15482: 15481: 15477: 15467: 15465: 15456: 15455: 15451: 15441: 15439: 15435: 15424: 15418: 15403: 15384:The Observatory 15380: 15376: 15363: 15356: 15331: 15327: 15317: 15315: 15311: 15300: 15294: 15287: 15274: 15270: 15255:The Observatory 15251: 15244: 15234: 15232: 15223: 15222: 15218: 15211: 15197: 15190: 15180: 15178: 15165: 15164: 15160: 15138: 15134: 15124: 15122: 15109: 15108: 15104: 15094: 15092: 15088: 15077: 15073: 15072: 15068: 15061: 15045: 15041: 15030: 15026: 15015: 15011: 15004: 14986: 14982: 14972: 14970: 14966: 14955: 14947: 14943: 14936: 14928:. Eisenbrauns. 14920: 14916: 14906: 14904: 14889: 14885: 14840: 14836: 14826: 14824: 14807: 14803: 14764: 14755: 14745: 14743: 14716: 14712: 14702: 14700: 14691: 14690: 14686: 14676: 14674: 14665: 14664: 14660: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14621: 14613: 14606: 14596: 14594: 14579: 14575: 14565: 14563: 14550: 14546: 14539: 14525: 14521: 14511: 14509: 14494: 14490: 14480: 14478: 14465: 14464: 14460: 14450: 14448: 14433: 14429: 14378: 14371: 14361: 14359: 14357: 14341: 14337: 14330:Wayback Machine 14319: 14315: 14305: 14303: 14250: 14246: 14239: 14223: 14219: 14209: 14207: 14192: 14188: 14157:10.2307/4200484 14141: 14137: 14131:Wayback Machine 14122: 14118: 14067: 14063: 14014: 14010: 13960: 13956: 13946: 13944: 13935: 13934: 13930: 13881: 13874: 13843: 13839: 13800: 13796: 13774: 13770: 13723: 13716: 13662: 13655: 13645: 13643: 13626: 13622: 13612: 13610: 13591: 13590: 13586: 13576: 13574: 13553: 13549: 13539: 13537: 13530:Discovery, Inc. 13518: 13514: 13467: 13463: 13453: 13451: 13400: 13396: 13377: 13373: 13364: 13360: 13350: 13348: 13331: 13327: 13320: 13284: 13280: 13270: 13268: 13267:on 24 June 2008 13244: 13238: 13234: 13224: 13222: 13203: 13199: 13189: 13187: 13186:on 19 July 2022 13173: 13169: 13159: 13157: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13113: 13112: 13108: 13098: 13096: 13092: 13043: 13037: 13026: 13016: 13014: 13001: 12997: 12987: 12985: 12969: 12965: 12955: 12953: 12936: 12935: 12928: 12897: 12893: 12850: 12846: 12791: 12787: 12748: 12744: 12737: 12720: 12716: 12661: 12657: 12650: 12636: 12632: 12580: 12573: 12563: 12543: 12539: 12523: 12519: 12509: 12507: 12500:Rice University 12492: 12485: 12478: 12462: 12458: 12451: 12413: 12409: 12394: 12390: 12383: 12362: 12358: 12348: 12346: 12329: 12325: 12318: 12297: 12293: 12254: 12247: 12237: 12235: 12192: 12188: 12174: 12172: 12145: 12141: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12111: 12107: 12058: 12054: 12044: 12042: 12038: 12023:10.1.1.570.6778 12005: 11999: 11995: 11964: 11960: 11953: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11900: 11896: 11885: 11881: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11851: 11838: 11823: 11803:Apostol, Tom M. 11796: 11789: 11782: 11760: 11756: 11745: 11741: 11710: 11706: 11693: 11691: 11678: 11677: 11670: 11660: 11658: 11639: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11608: 11602:Perseus Project 11570: 11566: 11556: 11554: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11526: 11524: 11468: 11451: 11441: 11439: 11428: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11392: 11391: 11387: 11338: 11334: 11322: 11320: 11254: 11250: 11197: 11193: 11183: 11181: 11177: 11110: 11104: 11100: 11093: 11076: 11072: 11049: 11045: 11035: 11033: 10988: 10984: 10922: 10918: 10908: 10906: 10891: 10887: 10856: 10852: 10821: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10744: 10740: 10730: 10728: 10713: 10709: 10699: 10697: 10654: 10650: 10643: 10621: 10612: 10602: 10600: 10539: 10535: 10525: 10523: 10462: 10458: 10446: 10444: 10443:on 13 July 2017 10431: 10375: 10371: 10361: 10359: 10312: 10308: 10296: 10294: 10275: 10273: 10215: 10209: 10205: 10142: 10138: 10115:10.1038/505031a 10101:(7481): 31–32. 10089: 10085: 10036: 10032: 10020: 10018: 10005: 9945: 9941: 9892: 9888: 9877: 9875: 9868: 9852: 9848: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9758:Rep. Prog. Phys 9754: 9750: 9744: 9722: 9718: 9711: 9697: 9693: 9644: 9640: 9591: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9562: 9561: 9557: 9547: 9545: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9481:(5885): 90–92. 9471: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9421: 9382: 9376: 9372: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9282: 9278: 9271: 9257: 9253: 9243: 9241: 9228: 9227: 9220: 9171: 9164: 9133: 9126: 9095: 9091: 9060: 9056: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9021: 8990: 8984: 8980: 8935: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8909: 8875: 8871: 8822: 8818: 8755: 8748: 8733: 8707:. p. 157. 8701: 8694: 8684: 8682: 8669: 8668: 8657: 8647: 8645: 8627: 8623: 8614: 8612: 8605: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8570:on 15 July 2014 8562:(7 July 2006). 8556: 8552: 8542: 8540: 8529: 8525: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8401: 8397: 8364: 8360: 8310: 8304: 8300: 8253: 8246: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8165: 8161: 8151: 8149: 8142: 8126: 8122: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8018: 8012: 8008: 7961: 7957: 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7853: 7849: 7838: 7834: 7815: 7808: 7761: 7757: 7747: 7745: 7710: 7706: 7695: 7679: 7675: 7664: 7660: 7611: 7607: 7570: 7566: 7517: 7513: 7476: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7437: 7430: 7397: 7393: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7230: 7226: 7219: 7205: 7201: 7184: 7171: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7017: 7013: 6957: 6942: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6852:on 21 May 2009. 6849: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6733: 6722: 6706: 6705: 6698: 6696: 6689: 6685: 6618: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6583: 6573: 6571: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6543: 6541: 6524: 6520: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6436: 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6376: 6372: 6362: 6360: 6291: 6284: 6271: 6269: 6268:on 11 July 2022 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6223: 6222: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6176: 6172: 6133: 6126: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5935:on 4 March 2016 5932: 5885: 5876: 5872: 5830: 5823: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5698: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5642: 5626: 5622: 5573: 5569: 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5501: 5497: 5450: 5446: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5356: 5352: 5305: 5301: 5252: 5248: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5162: 5158: 5101: 5097: 5087: 5085: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5014:(7090): 192–4. 5003: 4997: 4993: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4897:Canup, Robin M. 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4806: 4802: 4753: 4749: 4700: 4696: 4659: 4655: 4606: 4602: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4496: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4343: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4301:Sino-Vietnamese 4290: 4286: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4259: 4255: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4184: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 3936: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3834: 3713:), and Saturn ( 3636:In traditional 3595:Alexander Wylie 3215:common pantheon 3207:Catholic Church 3008: 2998: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2934: 2851: 2841: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811:Jean-Luc Margot 2704: 2698: 2672: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2624: 2619: 2576: 2570: 2439:(in 1804), and 2370: 2364: 2273: 2265:Main articles: 2263: 2185: 2179: 2131:Enuma anu enlil 2107:, who lived in 2101: 2095: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2042: 2040:wandering stars 2039: 2036: 1984: 1959: 1949: 1926:sub-brown dwarf 1907:planetary rings 1885:rings of Saturn 1877: 1869:Main articles: 1867: 1812: 1806: 1758:weather systems 1708: 1705: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1658: 1652: 1644:Main articles: 1642: 1608:and mantles of 1570: 1564: 1530: 1527: 1519: 1516: 1496: 1493: 1484: 1481: 1459: 1453: 1429:oblate spheroid 1409: 1395: 1390: 1361: 1355: 1291:(SVG animation) 1289: 1267:rotation period 1263: 1257: 1209: 1203: 1144:semi-major axis 1083:sidereal period 1047: 1037: 1029:Main articles: 1027: 1022: 1010: 819: 813: 672:detached object 561: 555: 496: 495: 494: 493: 486: 485: 484: 476: 475: 376: 375: 374: 373: 372: 369: 361: 360: 357: 348: 347: 341: 335: 319:habitable zones 309:—and extremely 208: 205: 202: 104:stellar remnant 79:(inner planets) 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19007: 18997: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18961: 18960: 18948: 18936: 18924: 18912: 18889: 18888: 18886: 18885: 18876: 18874: 18870: 18869: 18867: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18834:Walter Alvarez 18830: 18828: 18827:Notable people 18824: 18823: 18821: 18820: 18815: 18809: 18807: 18803: 18802: 18800: 18799: 18789: 18779: 18778: 18777: 18760: 18746: 18736: 18722: 18712: 18697: 18695: 18691: 18690: 18688: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18656: 18654: 18650: 18649: 18642: 18641: 18634: 18627: 18619: 18610: 18609: 18607: 18606: 18601: 18595: 18592: 18591: 18589: 18588: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18527: 18525: 18521: 18520: 18518: 18517: 18516: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18426: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18407: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18340: 18339: 18338: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18318: 18316: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18275: 18273: 18269: 18268: 18266: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18245: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18179: 18177: 18171: 18170: 18168: 18167: 18162: 18161: 18160: 18153:Transit method 18150: 18149: 18148: 18138: 18137: 18136: 18126: 18121: 18120: 18119: 18109: 18108: 18107: 18100:Direct imaging 18097: 18091: 18089: 18083: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17998: 17996: 17990: 17989: 17987: 17986: 17985: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17961: 17956: 17955: 17954: 17944: 17943: 17942: 17931: 17929: 17923: 17922: 17920: 17919: 17917:Star formation 17914: 17912:Scattered disc 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17834: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17762:Excretion disk 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17717:Accretion disk 17714: 17708: 17706: 17696: 17695: 17692: 17691: 17689: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17626:Eyeball planet 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17582: 17580: 17576: 17575: 17573: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17516: 17510: 17508: 17502: 17501: 17499: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17436: 17434: 17425: 17415: 17414: 17407: 17405: 17403: 17402: 17397: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17376: 17374: 17370: 17369: 17367: 17366: 17361: 17360: 17359: 17358: 17357: 17341: 17338: 17337: 17332: 17331: 17324: 17317: 17309: 17300: 17299: 17196: 17195: 17183: 17171: 17159: 17153: 17150: 17149: 17145: 17144: 17141: 17140: 17138: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17111: 17109: 17105: 17104: 17102: 17101: 17096: 17095: 17094: 17089: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17048: 17046: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17038: 17036:Scattered disc 17033: 17028: 17027: 17026: 17016: 17011: 17010: 17009: 17004: 17003: 17002: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16886: 16885: 16880: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16824: 16823: 16821:Excretion disk 16816:Accretion disk 16813: 16808: 16806:Star formation 16802: 16800: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16752: 16751: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16730: 16729: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16708: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16695:space stations 16687: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16670: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16648: 16642: 16640: 16628: 16627: 16625: 16624: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16568: 16566: 16555: 16552: 16551: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16542: 16541: 16536: 16534:Scattered disc 16531: 16526: 16521: 16520: 16519: 16514: 16499: 16498: 16497: 16492: 16482: 16481: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16419: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16402: 16401: 16396: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16366: 16365: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16321: 16316: 16315: 16314: 16309: 16299: 16294: 16289: 16283: 16281: 16269: 16268: 16266: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16225: 16219: 16217: 16211: 16210: 16208: 16207: 16206: 16205: 16195: 16194: 16193: 16183: 16182: 16181: 16171: 16170: 16169: 16159: 16158: 16157: 16152: 16142: 16141: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16098: 16097: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16071: 16070: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16034: 16033: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15977: 15976: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15945: 15944: 15943: 15938: 15928: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15912: 15910: 15904: 15903: 15901: 15900: 15899: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15848: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15844: 15839: 15829: 15828: 15827: 15822: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15779: 15777: 15760: 15757: 15756: 15754: 15753: 15746: 15739: 15732: 15725: 15718: 15711: 15704: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15602: 15599: 15598: 15591: 15590: 15583: 15576: 15568: 15562: 15561: 15553: 15546: 15545:External links 15543: 15541: 15540: 15509: 15475: 15449: 15401: 15374: 15354: 15325: 15285: 15268: 15242: 15216: 15209: 15188: 15158: 15132: 15102: 15066: 15060:978-3642297182 15059: 15039: 15024: 15009: 15003:978-3853750094 15002: 14980: 14941: 14935:978-0931464195 14934: 14914: 14883: 14834: 14801: 14780:10.1086/372867 14774:(2): 135–137. 14753: 14710: 14684: 14658: 14604: 14573: 14544: 14538:978-0781810029 14537: 14519: 14488: 14458: 14427: 14369: 14355: 14335: 14313: 14264:(2): 204–213. 14244: 14237: 14217: 14186: 14135: 14116: 14061: 14008: 13954: 13928: 13872: 13853:(1): 485–519. 13837: 13794: 13768: 13714: 13653: 13620: 13584: 13547: 13532:Archived from 13526:Discovery News 13512: 13461: 13414:(8): 741–747. 13394: 13387:) – via 13371: 13358: 13325: 13318: 13278: 13232: 13197: 13167: 13138: 13106: 13024: 12995: 12963: 12926: 12891: 12878:10.1086/112284 12844: 12805:(2): 565–594. 12785: 12764:(2): 108–115. 12742: 12735: 12714: 12655: 12649:978-0738208893 12648: 12630: 12571: 12537: 12517: 12483: 12476: 12456: 12449: 12407: 12388: 12381: 12369:Selin, Helaine 12356: 12323: 12316: 12291: 12245: 12206:(6): 501–513. 12186: 12139: 12125: 12105: 12052: 11993: 11980:10.2307/602955 11958: 11951: 11933: 11928:978-0521227179 11927: 11907:Boardman, John 11894: 11879: 11865: 11836: 11821: 11787: 11780: 11754: 11739: 11726:10.1086/370729 11704: 11668: 11650:dictionary.com 11632: 11606: 11564: 11534: 11449: 11415: 11385: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11292:10.1086/498868 11248: 11191: 11098: 11091: 11070: 11043: 11004:(8): 805–814. 10982: 10916: 10885: 10866:(2): 444–452. 10850: 10815: 10782:10.1086/378583 10738: 10727:on 1 June 2019 10707: 10648: 10641: 10610: 10533: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10369: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10203: 10136: 10083: 10030: 10028: 10027: 9949:Allen, Lori E. 9939: 9902:(3): 432–482. 9886: 9867:978-3319195681 9866: 9846: 9800: 9791: 9748: 9743:978-0123822253 9742: 9716: 9709: 9691: 9678:10.1086/426329 9654:(1): 518–525. 9638: 9585: 9555: 9536: 9516: 9465: 9435: 9370: 9311: 9276: 9269: 9251: 9218: 9162: 9143:(8): 564–568. 9124: 9089: 9054: 9035: 9001:(1): 395–401. 8978: 8926: 8907: 8869: 8856:10.1086/377093 8816: 8803:10.1086/659427 8746: 8731: 8692: 8655: 8621: 8603: 8581: 8550: 8523: 8464: 8415:(2): 691–697. 8395: 8358: 8345:10.1086/499575 8308: 8298: 8244: 8190: 8159: 8141:978-0521455060 8140: 8120: 8063: 8006: 7971:(3704): 1717. 7955: 7912: 7882: 7847: 7832: 7806: 7755: 7724:(1): 233–247. 7704: 7694:978-1139494175 7693: 7673: 7658: 7645:10.1086/432834 7605: 7564: 7527:(2): 460–472. 7511: 7470: 7458: 7428: 7409:(4): 411–439. 7391: 7378:10.1086/339437 7338: 7307: 7277: 7240:(2): 475–484. 7224: 7217: 7199: 7169: 7132:(1): 159–167. 7116: 7086: 7011: 6940: 6885: 6855: 6811:(1): 487–494. 6786: 6720: 6683: 6612: 6581: 6551: 6518: 6465: 6434: 6401: 6390:on 16 May 2020 6370: 6282: 6248: 6213: 6170: 6124: 6063: 6043:Schneider, J. 6035: 6001: 5994: 5976: 5946: 5896:(5831): 1585. 5870: 5821: 5773: 5751: 5717: 5710: 5689: 5659: 5640: 5620: 5567: 5561:10.1086/428383 5526: 5495: 5444: 5425:(2): 239–248. 5409: 5398:on 13 May 2022 5370:(1): 533–602. 5350: 5319:(1): L11–L15. 5299: 5286:10.1086/499807 5246: 5233:10.1086/374406 5193: 5156: 5095: 5064: 4991: 4938: 4931: 4907:. p. 59. 4888: 4849: 4800: 4763:(2): 338–350. 4747: 4694: 4673:(2): 711–723. 4653: 4600: 4557: 4524: 4475: 4445: 4414: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4317:sao Diêm Vương 4313:sao Minh Vương 4284: 4266: 4253: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4192: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4157: 4156: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4033: 3999:Jérôme Lalande 3943: 3942: 3933: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3836:Main article: 3833: 3830: 3351:. Many of the 3329:Proto-Germanic 3307:(Friday), the 3271:. In English, 3269:Roman calendar 3231:(for Hermes), 3223:Roman Republic 3183: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3096:, two ancient 2997: 2994: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2948: 2933: 2930: 2840: 2837: 2697: 2694: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2633:around the Sun 2626: 2613: 2612: 2569: 2563: 2532:In the 1950s, 2422:Galilean moons 2363: 2360: 2332:Ibn al-Haytham 2262: 2259: 2255:circling Earth 2189:ancient Greeks 2178: 2175: 2126:exact sciences 2097:Main article: 2094: 2091: 2071:ancient Greece 2010:, and ancient 1983: 1980: 1948: 1945: 1866: 1863: 1808:Main article: 1805: 1802: 1796:, and others. 1774:Great Red Spot 1718:carbon dioxide 1706: 1703: 1670:except Mercury 1641: 1638: 1634:magnetic field 1586:planetary core 1582:differentiated 1566:Main article: 1563: 1560: 1528: 1525: 1517: 1514: 1503:nuclear fusion 1494: 1491: 1482: 1479: 1457:Planetary mass 1455:Main article: 1452: 1449: 1445:normal gravity 1417:Jupiter radius 1394: 1393:Size and shape 1391: 1389: 1386: 1357:Main article: 1354: 1351: 1316:tidally locked 1269:is known as a 1256: 1253: 1205:Main article: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1178: 1149: 1139: 1118:kinetic energy 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1009: 1006: 956:Drake equation 947:habitable zone 857:. Analysis of 815:Main article: 812: 809: 792: 791: 781: 771: 745: 711: 689: 668:scattered disc 565:IAU definition 557:Main article: 554: 551: 488: 487: 478: 477: 469: 468: 467: 466: 465: 370: 363: 362: 358: 351: 350: 349: 345: 344: 343: 342: 337:Main article: 334: 331: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19006: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18971: 18969: 18959: 18949: 18947: 18937: 18935: 18925: 18923: 18913: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18900: 18897: 18884:(2013 series) 18883: 18882: 18878: 18877: 18875: 18871: 18865: 18864:Graeme Snooks 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18844:Eric Chaisson 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18831: 18829: 18825: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18810: 18808: 18804: 18798: 18794: 18790: 18788: 18784: 18780: 18776: 18773: 18772: 18771: 18770: 18765: 18761: 18759: 18755: 18751: 18747: 18745: 18741: 18737: 18735: 18731: 18727: 18723: 18721: 18717: 18713: 18711: 18707: 18703: 18699: 18698: 18696: 18692: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18657: 18655: 18651: 18647: 18640: 18635: 18633: 18628: 18626: 18621: 18620: 18617: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18587: 18584: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18528: 18526: 18522: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18430: 18428: 18427: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18386: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18346: 18345: 18342: 18341: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18322: 18320: 18319: 18317: 18315: 18311: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18276: 18274: 18270: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18249: 18246: 18244: 18241: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18176: 18172: 18166: 18163: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18154: 18151: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18142: 18139: 18135: 18132: 18131: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18118: 18115: 18114: 18113: 18110: 18106: 18103: 18102: 18101: 18098: 18096: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18088: 18084: 18078: 18077:Yellow giants 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17999: 17997: 17995: 17991: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17964: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17953: 17950: 17949: 17948: 17945: 17941: 17938: 17937: 17936: 17933: 17932: 17930: 17928: 17924: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17847:Merging stars 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17722:Asteroid belt 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17705: 17697: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17661:Pulsar planet 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17616:Double planet 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17583: 17581: 17577: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17555:Super-Neptune 17553: 17551: 17550:Super-Jupiter 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17525:Helium planet 17523: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17511: 17509: 17507: 17503: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17460:Hycean planet 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17450:Desert planet 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17440:Carbon planet 17438: 17437: 17435: 17433: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17416: 17411: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17377: 17375: 17371: 17365: 17362: 17356: 17353: 17352: 17351: 17348: 17347: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17339: 17330: 17325: 17323: 17318: 17316: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17297: 17288: 17281: 17274: 17267: 17261: 17255: 17249: 17242: 17235: 17228: 17221: 17214: 17207: 17200: 17194: 17184: 17182: 17172: 17170: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17154: 17151: 17136: 17135:Tidal locking 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17115:Double planet 17113: 17112: 17110: 17106: 17100: 17097: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17084: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17067:Minor planets 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17049: 17047: 17043: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17025: 17022: 17021: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17008: 17005: 17001: 17000:Merging stars 16998: 16997: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16972: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16875: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16822: 16819: 16818: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16803: 16801: 16799: 16793: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16750: 16747: 16746: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16728: 16725: 16724: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16692: 16691: 16688: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16674: 16671: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16653: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16633: 16629: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16602:Subsatellites 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16565: 16562:Hypothetical 16559: 16556: 16547: 16544: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16509: 16508: 16505: 16504: 16503: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16486: 16483: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16435: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16428:Asteroid belt 16426: 16424: 16421: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16371: 16370: 16367: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16324: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16304: 16303: 16302:Minor planets 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16280: 16270: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16233: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16220: 16218: 16216: 16212: 16204: 16201: 16200: 16199: 16196: 16192: 16189: 16188: 16187: 16184: 16180: 16177: 16176: 16175: 16172: 16168: 16165: 16164: 16163: 16160: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16146: 16143: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16115: 16114: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16103: 16102: 16099: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16076: 16075: 16072: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16038: 16035: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15981: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15946: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15929: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15916: 15914: 15913: 15911: 15909: 15905: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15853: 15852: 15849: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15834: 15833: 15830: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15784: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15752: 15751: 15747: 15745: 15744: 15740: 15738: 15737: 15733: 15731: 15730: 15726: 15724: 15723: 15719: 15717: 15716: 15712: 15710: 15709: 15705: 15703: 15702: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15675: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15645: 15600: 15596: 15589: 15584: 15582: 15577: 15575: 15570: 15569: 15566: 15559: 15558: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15548: 15528: 15524: 15520: 15513: 15494: 15487: 15486: 15479: 15463: 15459: 15453: 15434: 15430: 15423: 15416: 15414: 15412: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15397: 15393: 15389: 15385: 15378: 15370: 15369: 15361: 15359: 15350: 15346: 15342: 15338: 15337: 15329: 15310: 15306: 15299: 15292: 15290: 15281: 15280: 15272: 15264: 15260: 15256: 15249: 15247: 15230: 15226: 15220: 15212: 15206: 15202: 15195: 15193: 15176: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15155: 15151: 15147: 15143: 15136: 15120: 15116: 15112: 15106: 15087: 15083: 15076: 15070: 15062: 15056: 15052: 15051: 15043: 15035: 15028: 15020: 15013: 15005: 14999: 14995: 14991: 14984: 14965: 14961: 14954: 14953: 14945: 14937: 14931: 14927: 14926: 14918: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14887: 14879: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14861: 14857: 14853: 14849: 14845: 14838: 14822: 14818: 14817: 14812: 14805: 14797: 14793: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14773: 14769: 14762: 14760: 14758: 14741: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14720:"小行星世界中的古典音乐" 14714: 14698: 14694: 14688: 14672: 14668: 14662: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14627: 14619: 14615:卞毓麟 (2007). 14611: 14609: 14592: 14588: 14584: 14577: 14561: 14557: 14556: 14548: 14540: 14534: 14530: 14523: 14507: 14503: 14499: 14492: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14462: 14446: 14442: 14438: 14431: 14423: 14419: 14415: 14411: 14407: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14389: 14385: 14384: 14376: 14374: 14358: 14352: 14348: 14347: 14339: 14332: 14331: 14327: 14324: 14317: 14301: 14297: 14293: 14289: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14271: 14267: 14263: 14259: 14255: 14248: 14240: 14234: 14230: 14229: 14221: 14205: 14201: 14197: 14190: 14182: 14178: 14174: 14170: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14139: 14132: 14128: 14125: 14120: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14078: 14074: 14073: 14065: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14045: 14041: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14023: 14019: 14012: 14004: 14000: 13996: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13958: 13942: 13938: 13932: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13890: 13886: 13879: 13877: 13868: 13864: 13860: 13856: 13852: 13848: 13841: 13833: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13813: 13809: 13805: 13798: 13791: 13787: 13783: 13779: 13772: 13763: 13758: 13754: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13721: 13719: 13710: 13706: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13676: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13660: 13658: 13641: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13624: 13608: 13604: 13600: 13599: 13594: 13588: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13563: 13558: 13551: 13536:on 5 May 2012 13535: 13531: 13527: 13523: 13516: 13508: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13465: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13405: 13398: 13390: 13386: 13382: 13375: 13368: 13362: 13346: 13342: 13341: 13336: 13329: 13321: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13289: 13282: 13266: 13262: 13258: 13254: 13250: 13243: 13236: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13208: 13201: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13171: 13155: 13151: 13148: 13142: 13126: 13122: 13121: 13116: 13110: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13042: 13035: 13033: 13031: 13029: 13012: 13008: 13007: 12999: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12973: 12967: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12931: 12922: 12918: 12914: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12895: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12848: 12840: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12796: 12789: 12780: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12758: 12753: 12746: 12738: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12723:Croswell, Ken 12718: 12710: 12706: 12701: 12700:1721.1/109312 12696: 12691: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12666: 12659: 12651: 12645: 12641: 12634: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12592: 12588: 12584: 12578: 12576: 12567: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12548: 12541: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12521: 12505: 12501: 12497: 12490: 12488: 12479: 12473: 12469: 12468: 12460: 12452: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12411: 12403: 12399: 12392: 12384: 12382:0-7923-4066-3 12378: 12374: 12370: 12366: 12360: 12344: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12327: 12319: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12304:Toomer, G. J. 12301: 12295: 12287: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12252: 12250: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12190: 12183: 12170: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12143: 12128: 12122: 12118: 12117: 12109: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12065: 12064: 12056: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12004: 11997: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11969: 11962: 11954: 11948: 11944: 11937: 11930: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11890: 11883: 11868: 11862: 11858: 11857: 11849: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11841: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11818: 11814: 11813: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11794: 11792: 11783: 11777: 11773: 11768: 11767: 11758: 11750: 11743: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11702: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11675: 11673: 11656: 11652: 11651: 11646: 11644: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11610: 11603: 11599: 11598: 11593: 11592:Scott, Robert 11589: 11585: 11577: 11568: 11552: 11548: 11544: 11538: 11522: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11437: 11433: 11426: 11424: 11422: 11420: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11336: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11305: 11304: 11301: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11258:Calvet, Nuria 11252: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11207: 11202: 11195: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11109: 11102: 11094: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11074: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10986: 10978: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10920: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10889: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10854: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10819: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10742: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10711: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10652: 10644: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10619: 10617: 10615: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10537: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10460: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10373: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10310: 10292: 10288: 10283: 10282: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10207: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10173: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10140: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10095: 10087: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9943: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9890: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9859: 9858: 9850: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9795: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9712: 9706: 9702: 9695: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9642: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9589: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9533: 9529: 9528: 9520: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9469: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9315: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9280: 9272: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9225: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9169: 9167: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9131: 9129: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9070:(1): 83–114. 9069: 9065: 9058: 9050: 9046: 9039: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8989: 8982: 8974: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8933: 8931: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8882: 8881: 8873: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8753: 8751: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8699: 8697: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8625: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8538: 8534: 8527: 8519: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8468: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8399: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8362: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8315: 8302: 8293: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8251: 8249: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8163: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8124: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7916: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7851: 7843: 7836: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7813: 7811: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7759: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7677: 7669: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7609: 7600: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7506: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7435: 7433: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7228: 7220: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7120: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6797: 6790: 6782: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6716: 6710: 6694: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6616: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6287: 6279: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6220: 6218: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6129: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6039: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5997: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5826: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5739: 5735: 5734:planetary.org 5731: 5724: 5722: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5694: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4573:(1): 77–113. 4572: 4568: 4561: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4276: 4270: 4263: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4189:Double planet 4187: 4186: 4179: 4177: 4176:Discordianism 4173: 4169: 4165: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3961: 3958:According to 3956: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3822:the god's son 3819: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3742: 3732: 3722: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3414:for Mercury, 3413: 3412: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3339:, the German 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3295:(Wednesday), 3294: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3237:(Aphrodite), 3236: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3003: 3002:Weekday names 2993: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2978:rogue planets 2975: 2965: 2962: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2906:main-sequence 2903: 2899: 2898:Didier Queloz 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685:dwarf planets 2681: 2677: 2670: 2656: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2629:Object is in 2628: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2568: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2534:Gerard Kuiper 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511:Ray Lyttleton 2507: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2482:minor planets 2479: 2476:in 1848; and 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2445:asteroid belt 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2378:Emanuel Bowen 2374: 2369: 2368:Heliocentrism 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2119:is a pair of 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2057: 2050: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1972:dwarf planets 1969: 1965: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1810:Magnetosphere 1804:Magnetosphere 1801: 1797: 1795: 1794:Gliese 1214 b 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1544:WD 1145+017 b 1541: 1537: 1536:PSR B1257+12A 1532: 1523: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1489: 1485: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1385: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:planetesimals 1366: 1360: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1333:and its moon 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1252: 1250: 1249:its solstices 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1032: 1017: 1015: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 971:mini-Neptunes 968: 963: 961: 957: 953: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:Sun-like star 928: 925:In 2011, the 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 900:Didier Queloz 897: 893: 892:main-sequence 888: 886: 882: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 828: 823: 818: 808: 806: 802: 797: 790: 786: 782: 780: 776: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 688: 684: 683: 682: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:asteroid belt 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 611: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 584:Giant planets 581: 577: 572: 570: 566: 560: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 535:atomic number 532: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 491: 482: 473: 464: 462: 458: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 400:planetesimals 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 367: 355: 340: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 264:asteroid belt 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 233:heliocentrism 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 199: 198: 186: 181: 179: 175: 171: 168:orbited by a 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 136: 135:giant planets 132: 128: 124: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 86: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18974:Solar System 18946:Solar System 18879: 18792: 18782: 18769:Homo sapiens 18767: 18763: 18749: 18739: 18725: 18715: 18701: 18421:Proper names 18198:Earth analog 18183:Astrobiology 18175:Habitability 18112:Microlensing 18072:White dwarfs 18042:M/Red dwarfs 18032:Herbig Ae/Be 18017:Brown dwarfs 17959:Rogue planet 17940:Interstellar 17882:Planetesimal 17651:Planetesimal 17631:Giant planet 17621:Ecumenopolis 17519:Mini-Neptune 17455:Dwarf planet 17344: 17291:Each arrow ( 17213:Local Bubble 17199:Solar System 17197: 16990:Planetesimal 16969: 16945:Kuiper cliff 16673:Space probes 16646:Colonization 16485:Kirkwood gap 16406:Saturn Moons 16319:Planetesimal 15783:Terrestrials 15769: 15748: 15741: 15734: 15727: 15720: 15713: 15706: 15699: 15672: 15595:Solar System 15556: 15531:. Retrieved 15522: 15512: 15500:. Retrieved 15484: 15478: 15466:. Retrieved 15462:the original 15452: 15440:. Retrieved 15428: 15387: 15383: 15377: 15367: 15335: 15328: 15318:12 September 15316:. Retrieved 15304: 15278: 15271: 15254: 15233:. Retrieved 15219: 15200: 15179:. Retrieved 15170: 15161: 15145: 15141: 15135: 15123:. Retrieved 15114: 15105: 15093:. Retrieved 15081: 15069: 15049: 15042: 15027: 15012: 14993: 14983: 14971:. Retrieved 14951: 14944: 14924: 14917: 14905:. Retrieved 14896: 14886: 14851: 14847: 14837: 14825:. Retrieved 14814: 14804: 14771: 14767: 14744:. Retrieved 14730:(3): 66–75. 14727: 14723: 14718:李竞 (2018). 14713: 14703:21 September 14701:. Retrieved 14687: 14675:. Retrieved 14661: 14651:21 September 14649:. Retrieved 14632:(4): 59–61. 14629: 14625: 14618:""阋神星"的来龙去脉" 14595:. Retrieved 14586: 14576: 14564:. Retrieved 14554: 14547: 14528: 14522: 14510:. Retrieved 14501: 14491: 14479:. Retrieved 14470: 14461: 14449:. Retrieved 14440: 14430: 14387: 14381: 14360:. Retrieved 14345: 14338: 14321: 14316: 14304:. Retrieved 14261: 14257: 14247: 14227: 14220: 14208:. Retrieved 14199: 14189: 14148: 14144: 14138: 14119: 14076: 14070: 14064: 14021: 14017: 14011: 13968: 13964: 13957: 13945:. Retrieved 13931: 13888: 13884: 13850: 13846: 13840: 13807: 13803: 13797: 13781: 13778:Brown Dwarfs 13777: 13771: 13734: 13730: 13674: 13668: 13644:. Retrieved 13633: 13623: 13611:. Retrieved 13598:Science News 13596: 13587: 13575:. Retrieved 13560: 13550: 13538:. Retrieved 13534:the original 13525: 13515: 13478: 13474: 13464: 13452:. Retrieved 13411: 13407: 13397: 13374: 13366: 13361: 13349:. Retrieved 13338: 13328: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13269:. Retrieved 13265:the original 13252: 13249:IAU Circular 13248: 13235: 13223:. Retrieved 13200: 13188:. Retrieved 13184:the original 13170: 13158:. Retrieved 13141: 13131:18 September 13129:. Retrieved 13118: 13109: 13097:. Retrieved 13051: 13047: 13015:. Retrieved 13005: 12998: 12986:. Retrieved 12976: 12966: 12954:. Retrieved 12907:(5): 46–52. 12904: 12900: 12894: 12861: 12857: 12847: 12802: 12798: 12788: 12761: 12755: 12745: 12726: 12717: 12672: 12668: 12658: 12639: 12633: 12590: 12586: 12551: 12540: 12530: 12520: 12508:. Retrieved 12466: 12459: 12420: 12416: 12410: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12372: 12365:Sarma, K. V. 12359: 12347:. Retrieved 12336: 12326: 12307: 12294: 12261: 12257: 12236:. Retrieved 12203: 12199: 12189: 12180: 12173:. Retrieved 12156: 12152: 12142: 12130:. Retrieved 12115: 12108: 12067: 12061: 12055: 12043:. Retrieved 12013: 12009: 11996: 11974:(1): 93–96. 11971: 11967: 11961: 11942: 11936: 11918: 11903:Aaboe, Asger 11897: 11888: 11882: 11870:. Retrieved 11855: 11811: 11765: 11757: 11748: 11742: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11700: 11692:. Retrieved 11683: 11659:. Retrieved 11648: 11642: 11635: 11623:. Retrieved 11609: 11595: 11567: 11555:. Retrieved 11537: 11525:. Retrieved 11482: 11478: 11440:. Retrieved 11436:the original 11406:. Retrieved 11397: 11388: 11345: 11341: 11335: 11323:10 September 11321:. Retrieved 11317:the original 11312: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11210: 11204: 11194: 11182:. Retrieved 11118: 11114: 11101: 11082: 11073: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11034:. Retrieved 11001: 10995: 10985: 10934: 10930: 10919: 10907:. Retrieved 10903:the original 10898: 10888: 10863: 10859: 10853: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10806:. Retrieved 10755: 10751: 10741: 10729:. Retrieved 10725:the original 10720: 10710: 10698:. Retrieved 10665: 10661: 10651: 10628: 10601:. Retrieved 10550: 10546: 10536: 10524:. Retrieved 10473: 10469: 10459: 10445:. Retrieved 10441:the original 10436: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10360:. Retrieved 10323: 10319: 10309: 10295:. Retrieved 10276:24 September 10274:. Retrieved 10223: 10219: 10206: 10153: 10149: 10139: 10098: 10092: 10086: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10019:. Retrieved 10010: 9956: 9952: 9942: 9899: 9895: 9889: 9876:. Retrieved 9856: 9849: 9808: 9804: 9794: 9761: 9757: 9751: 9725: 9719: 9700: 9694: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9576:. Retrieved 9572:the original 9567: 9558: 9546:. Retrieved 9526: 9519: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9456:. Retrieved 9447: 9438: 9426:. Retrieved 9390: 9386: 9373: 9361:. Retrieved 9331: 9327: 9314: 9289: 9285: 9279: 9260: 9254: 9242:. Retrieved 9238:the original 9233: 9179: 9175: 9140: 9136: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9067: 9063: 9057: 9049:the original 9038: 9026:. Retrieved 9019:the original 8998: 8994: 8981: 8946: 8942: 8917:. Retrieved 8879: 8872: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8776: 8770: 8704: 8683:. Retrieved 8674: 8646:. Retrieved 8637: 8624: 8613:, retrieved 8594: 8584: 8572:. Retrieved 8568:the original 8553: 8541:. Retrieved 8526: 8481: 8477: 8467: 8455:. Retrieved 8412: 8408: 8398: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8318: 8312: 8307:2003 EL 8301: 8264: 8260: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8181:. Retrieved 8172: 8162: 8150:. Retrieved 8130: 8123: 8111:. Retrieved 8086:(1): 24–45. 8083: 8079: 8066: 8054:. Retrieved 8026: 8022: 8009: 7968: 7964: 7958: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7903:. Retrieved 7894: 7885: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7841: 7835: 7818: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7746:. Retrieved 7721: 7717: 7707: 7699:the original 7683: 7676: 7667: 7661: 7618: 7614: 7608: 7584:(1): 88–94. 7581: 7577: 7567: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7461: 7449:. Retrieved 7445:the original 7406: 7400: 7394: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7329:. Retrieved 7320: 7310: 7298:. Retrieved 7294:the original 7289: 7280: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7208: 7202: 7188: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7107:. Retrieved 7098: 7089: 7028: 7024: 7014: 6971: 6967: 6964:Rauer, Heike 6900: 6894: 6888: 6876:. Retrieved 6867: 6858: 6847:the original 6808: 6802: 6789: 6744: 6740: 6697:. Retrieved 6686: 6631: 6625: 6615: 6603:. Retrieved 6599:the original 6594: 6584: 6572:. Retrieved 6563: 6554: 6542:. Retrieved 6531: 6521: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6456:. Retrieved 6447: 6437: 6410: 6404: 6392:. Retrieved 6388:the original 6373: 6361:. Retrieved 6302: 6298: 6277: 6270:. Retrieved 6266:the original 6261: 6251: 6239:. Retrieved 6228: 6204:. Retrieved 6187: 6183: 6173: 6140: 6136: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6054:. Retrieved 6048: 6038: 6026:. Retrieved 6013: 6004: 5985: 5979: 5967:. Retrieved 5963:the original 5958: 5949: 5939:27 September 5937:. Retrieved 5930:the original 5893: 5889: 5873: 5838: 5834: 5816:the original 5787: 5783: 5742:. Retrieved 5733: 5701: 5680:. Retrieved 5671: 5662: 5650:. Retrieved 5630: 5623: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5517:. Retrieved 5508: 5498: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5400:. Retrieved 5396:the original 5367: 5363: 5353: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5184:. Retrieved 5180:the original 5166: 5159: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5086:. Retrieved 5077: 5067: 5055:. Retrieved 5048:the original 5011: 5007: 4994: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4900: 4891: 4879:. Retrieved 4862: 4852: 4840:. Retrieved 4813: 4803: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4548:. Retrieved 4539:Science News 4537: 4527: 4515:. Retrieved 4506: 4466:. Retrieved 4462:the original 4457: 4448: 4436:. Retrieved 4405:. Retrieved 4354: 4350: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307:rather than 4304: 4287: 4269: 4256: 4249:K-type stars 4245:G-type stars 4239: 4160: 3988: 3964:Bianchini's 3963: 3957: 3946: 3806: 3755: 3750: 3740: 3730: 3720: 3706: 3696: 3686: 3682: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3650:Kokhav Nogah 3649: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3520: 3515: 3502: 3488: 3474: 3460: 3450: 3444: 3437: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3343:, the Dutch 3340: 3336: 3332: 3320: 3313: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3250: 3249:(Zeus), and 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3203:Roman Empire 3200: 3195:Solar System 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3091: 3085: 3083: 3033:(other than 3031:Solar System 3028: 3012:Solar System 3009: 2986: 2982: 2970: 2935: 2918:brown dwarfs 2914: 2894:Michel Mayor 2890:PSR B1257+12 2875: 2852: 2808: 2789: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2725: 2673: 2662:. Retrieved 2651: 2622:Solar System 2608: 2604:tenth planet 2577: 2566: 2546: 2543: 2531: 2519:Fred Whipple 2504: 2490: 2455: 2448: 2426: 2419: 2383: 2356:Eratosthenes 2352:trigonometry 2324:North Africa 2316:Central Asia 2305: 2282: 2243: 2237: 2229:heliocentric 2193:Pythagoreans 2186: 2136:Neo-Assyrian 2129: 2102: 2087:common-sense 2000:Solar System 1993: 1960: 1933:rogue planet 1923: 1919:tidal forces 1915:Roche limits 1904: 1889: 1856: 1840: 1824: 1798: 1751: 1743:triple point 1711: 1667: 1624:, and other 1579: 1556:protoplanets 1533: 1475:stellar mass 1471: 1460: 1413:Earth radius 1410: 1375:'s official 1364: 1362: 1343:Tau Boötis b 1328: 1320:tidal forces 1312:hot Jupiters 1296: 1264: 1222: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1142: 1134:eccentricity 1132: 1126: 1095: 1086: 1068: 1059:eccentricity 1011: 994:hot Jupiters 979: 967:super-Earths 964: 924: 896:Michel Mayor 889: 867: 832: 793: 676: 617: 576:Terrestrials 573: 569:Earth masses 562: 559:Solar System 520: 497: 461:small bodies 441: 417:giant planet 405:protoplanets 377: 303:hot Jupiters 296: 291: 284:dwarf planet 247: 241: 184: 182: 112:Solar System 87:is a large, 84: 82: 45:Solar System 36: 18934:Outer space 18922:Spaceflight 18881:Big History 18783:Agriculture 18754:abiogenesis 18734:dying stars 18675:Time scales 18646:Big History 18433:before 2000 18349:Discoveries 18124:Polarimetry 18012:Binary star 17902:Rubble pile 17897:Ring system 17867:Outer space 17837:Kuiper belt 17792:Hills cloud 17747:Debris disk 17742:Cosmic dust 17671:Sub-Neptune 17656:Protoplanet 17591:Brown dwarf 17579:Other types 17535:Hot Neptune 17530:Hot Jupiter 17521:(Gas dwarf) 17496:Super-Earth 17481:Ocean world 17476:Lava planet 17470:Iron planet 17432:Terrestrial 17373:Main topics 17254:Local Sheet 17248:Local Group 17031:Rubble pile 17019:Roche limit 17014:Ring system 16965:Outer space 16940:Kuiper belt 16910:Hill sphere 16905:Hills cloud 16853:Debris disk 16848:Cosmic dust 16632:Exploration 16587:Planet Nine 16572:Fifth giant 16546:Hills cloud 16507:Kuiper belt 16478:exceptional 16394:Trojan camp 15523:unicode.org 15468:29 November 15429:unicode.org 15305:unicode.org 14854:: 301–305. 14597:24 February 14390:: 122–133. 14151:: 109–137. 14079:(79): A79. 13947:22 December 13567:Purch Group 13323:See p. 208. 13176:Brown, Mike 13054:: 193–216. 12264:(1): 1–12. 12175:26 November 12159:: 161–172. 11720:(1): 1–38. 11680:"planet, n" 11154:10045/70230 10343:11336/86936 10249:10871/16060 9601:: 268–278. 9578:31 December 9393:: 377–387. 8685:29 November 8113:9 September 8056:9 September 8029:(1): 1–23. 7863:: 129–174. 7621:(2): L159. 7354:(2): L125. 6458:21 December 6394:20 December 5546:(2): 1102. 4954:(1): 29pp. 4710:: 298–312. 4438:30 December 4003:astrologers 3966:planisphere 3810:Shakespeare 3758:Greek deity 3736:اَلْمِرِّيخ 3499:Ahura Mazda 3485:Verethragna 3445:The native 3383:lunar nodes 3317:Old English 3289:(Tuesday), 3257:Mesopotamia 3043:Babylonians 2951:< 2/(25+ 2849:Brown dwarf 2809:Astronomer 2643:Object has 2580:Kuiper belt 2435:(in 1802), 2431:(in 1801), 2413:discovered 2312:Middle East 2301:South India 2248:written by 2227:proposed a 2109:Mesopotamia 2105:Babylonians 2016:fixed stars 1875:ring system 1782:HD 189733 b 1770:anticyclone 1766:dust storms 1674:atmospheres 1271:stellar day 1154:inclination 1071:Sun rotates 1063:inclination 1002:COCONUTS-2b 975:Gliese 581c 952:light-years 908:51 Pegasi b 881:PSR 1257+12 664:Kuiper belt 527:metallicity 435:was likely 307:51 Pegasi b 272:Kuiper belt 237:geocentrism 235:supplanted 108:brown dwarf 18968:Categories 18859:Fred Spier 18854:Carl Sagan 18818:ChronoZoom 18797:modern era 18344:Exoplanets 18325:Host stars 18272:Catalogues 18095:Astrometry 18057:Subdwarf B 17994:Host stars 17967:Retrograde 17862:Oort cloud 17700:Formation 17636:Mesoplanet 17560:Super-puff 17486:Mega-Earth 17465:Ice planet 17350:Definition 17335:Exoplanets 17273:Local Hole 17220:Gould Belt 16960:Oort cloud 16796:Formation, 16786:Deep space 16622:Vulcanoids 16539:Oort cloud 16463:first 1000 16399:Greek camp 16297:Meteoroids 16292:Damocloids 16238:Charikloan 15125:9 February 14958:. Munich: 14907:16 January 14512:30 January 14362:7 February 13971:(2): 120. 13898:2203.09520 13891:: 101641. 13744:2407.07590 13737:(7): 159. 13684:1507.06300 13677:(6): 185. 13540:4 November 13488:1603.06224 13351:12 October 13160:26 January 13017:25 October 12988:25 October 12675:(3): 121. 12600:1805.04115 12568:required.) 12547:"asteroid" 12510:28 January 12404:(67): 762. 12132:7 February 12045:6 February 11872:4 February 11694:7 February 11645:Etymology" 11492:2110.15285 11485:: 114768. 11268:(1): L93. 11243:Q116754015 11128:2006.03113 11059:: 77–115. 10937:(1): 748. 10731:29 January 10560:2102.05064 10483:2007.15363 10476:(8): 139. 10297:23 October 10163:1909.04642 10156:(1): L14. 10046:(2): L25. 9909:1702.08611 9189:2007.08059 9105:(1): 141. 8949:(5): 199. 8890:2106.06550 8714:1604.00917 8648:1 February 8274:2307.04848 8214:2211.07987 7331:2 February 7038:2107.02805 7031:(2): L11. 6981:1506.05097 6974:(2): L25. 6754:1603.08614 6605:7 November 5848:2309.15230 5118:1510.07704 4961:1504.04364 4863:Exoplanets 4814:Exoplanets 4364:2203.09520 4357:: 101641. 4330:References 4206:Mesoplanet 4168:Earth mass 4164:solar mass 3751:al-Muštarī 3741:al-Mirrīkh 3599:Li Shanlan 3473:; Mars is 3453:(Persian: 3219:their gods 3121:Phosphoros 3016:exoplanets 3000:See also: 2882:Dale Frail 2855:exoplanets 2839:Exoplanets 2749:planetoids 2700:See also: 2586:, such as 2553:or Mars's 2406:fixed star 2394:Copernicus 2366:See also: 2320:Al-Andalus 2297:elliptical 2283:After the 2213:Phosphoros 2205:Parmenides 2201:Pythagoras 2181:See also: 2045:or simply 1843:solar wind 1836:ionosphere 1762:hurricanes 1754:insolation 1654:See also: 1646:Atmosphere 1640:Atmosphere 1548:Kepler-37b 1520:, and the 1397:See also: 1347:Tau Boötis 1275:north pole 1259:See also: 1217:axial tilt 1207:Axial tilt 1201:Axial tilt 1175:retrograde 1122:trajectory 1102:perihelion 1098:periastron 1039:See also: 1008:Attributes 939:Kepler-20f 935:Kepler-20e 874:Dale Frail 839:exoplanets 811:Exoplanets 596:ice giants 588:gas giants 448:solar wind 409:atmosphere 390:. Through 315:HD 20782 b 313:, such as 299:exoplanets 256:ice giants 133:, and the 18958:Astronomy 18793:Modernity 18775:Stone Age 18710:cosmogony 18685:Modernity 18670:Deep time 18438:2000–2009 18404:1501–2000 18399:1001–1500 18087:Detection 18052:Red giant 17712:Accretion 17704:evolution 17545:Ice giant 17540:Gas giant 17491:Sub-Earth 17380:Exoplanet 17234:Milky Way 17227:Orion Arm 16995:Formation 16980:Migration 16975:Disrupted 16843:Coatlicue 16811:Accretion 16798:evolution 16744:Asteroids 16656:astronomy 16651:Discovery 16512:Cubewanos 16433:Asteroids 16263:Quaoarian 16253:Neptunian 16243:Chironean 16228:Saturnian 16010:Enceladus 15235:20 August 14973:28 August 14878:162671357 14827:5 October 14796:162579411 14583:"Planets" 14566:11 August 14422:118954190 14296:208269607 14288:2196-6761 14181:191393468 14165:0021-0889 14086:1106.0586 14056:118513110 14031:1008.5150 14024:(1): 57. 14003:118553341 13978:1305.0980 13923:247065421 13613:28 August 13577:28 August 13562:Space.com 13507:0035-8711 13444:211137608 13436:2397-3366 13340:Astronomy 13225:23 August 13190:11 August 13086:119338327 12956:23 August 12886:120501620 12709:125439949 12625:119206487 12593:: 21–32. 12286:118875902 12228:1055-6796 12165:1971-8608 12100:121539390 12018:CiteSeerX 11831:227002144 11734:162347339 11517:240071005 11380:118456052 11355:1310.1936 11348:(7): L7. 11235:1476-4687 11184:6 October 11171:205260767 11026:236220377 10959:2041-1723 10909:23 August 10790:0004-637X 10721:Astronomy 10593:231861632 10585:2169-9097 10516:220870881 10508:0038-6308 10447:16 August 10352:0035-8711 10198:209324670 10190:2041-8205 10053:1309.7894 9966:0705.0993 9934:119482985 9786:250815558 9633:119194193 9608:1403.3208 9511:206513512 9244:23 August 9214:220546126 8973:252992162 8786:1012.5676 8741:118434022 8491:0706.1684 8422:0802.2732 8381:1405.1025 8267:(10): 6. 8239:253522934 7559:119194526 7534:0912.3626 7451:23 August 7300:23 August 7247:0708.0335 7139:0908.1553 7081:236464073 7073:2041-8205 7006:119111221 6910:0705.3758 6818:0906.2780 6781:119114880 6747:(1): 17. 6709:cite news 6699:23 August 6641:1311.6806 6533:USA Today 6513:119103101 6488:1303.2649 6481:(1): L8. 6429:122575277 6353:205232792 6337:0028-0836 6312:1305.5587 6086:1202.0903 5812:126574999 5615:118415186 5590:1310.7830 5583:(1): 14. 5392:0066-4146 5345:1745-3925 5326:1211.0023 5186:23 August 4986:119216797 4914:0812.4995 4823:1006.5486 4770:0810.5186 4742:118572605 4717:1405.7305 4648:118522228 4623:1310.2211 4595:0066-4146 4468:23 August 4397:247065421 4389:1387-6473 4309:Thuỷ tinh 4131:Gonggong 4122:Makemake 3949:monograms 3762:Roman one 3733:), Mars ( 3697:az-Zuhara 3678:Canaanite 3662:Shabbatai 3565:(Jupiter 3541:(Mercury 3431:Bṛhaspati 3379:Navagraha 3228:Mercurius 3172:Aphrodite 3132:Olympians 3055:antiquity 3037:) in the 2989:red dwarf 2922:deuterium 2910:51 Pegasi 2871:gas-cloud 2867:deuterium 2472:in 1847; 2460:in 1845; 2450:asteroids 2348:Al-Biruni 2289:Aryabhata 2217:Aphrodite 2171:telescope 2121:cuneiform 2064:wanderers 2012:astronomy 2004:mythology 1994:The five 1964:asteroids 1892:resonance 1859:HD 179949 1821:(diagram) 1790:Kepler-7b 1630:geodynamo 1610:silicates 1524:up to 24 1507:deuterium 1488:red dwarf 1182:ascending 1163:sky plane 990:Kepler-11 912:51 Pegasi 885:supernova 863:Milky Way 841:in 4,949 835:exoplanet 817:Exoplanet 723:Enceladus 421:ice giant 392:accretion 384:protostar 333:Formation 244:telescope 213:antiquity 206:wanderers 183:The word 178:accretion 166:protostar 98:around a 18726:Elements 18706:Big Bang 18702:Creation 18394:501–1000 18374:Heaviest 18354:Extremes 18062:Subgiant 17935:Exocomet 17287:Universe 17125:Moonlets 16705:programs 16678:timeline 16666:timeline 16597:Planet X 16592:Planet V 16529:Sednoids 16517:Plutinos 16490:Centaurs 16468:families 16203:Dysnomia 16191:Xiangliu 16186:Gonggong 16174:Makemake 16133:Kerberos 16020:Hyperion 15958:Callisto 15953:Ganymede 15886:Gonggong 15881:Makemake 15736:Gonggong 15729:Makemake 15533:6 August 15527:Archived 15502:8 August 15493:Archived 15442:8 August 15433:Archived 15309:Archived 15229:Archived 15175:Archived 15119:Archived 15086:Archived 14964:Archived 14901:Archived 14893:"Zuhara" 14821:Archived 14740:Archived 14697:Archived 14671:Archived 14642:Archived 14591:Archived 14560:Archived 14506:Archived 14475:Archived 14445:Archived 14326:Archived 14300:Archived 14204:Archived 14127:Archived 14111:55994657 13709:51684830 13640:Archived 13607:Archived 13571:Archived 13448:Archived 13345:Archived 13219:Archived 13211:BBC News 13154:Archived 13125:Archived 13099:4 August 13090:Archived 13011:Archived 12982:Archived 12974:(1863). 12950:Archived 12942:BBC News 12839:16591209 12725:(1997). 12528:(1912). 12504:Archived 12343:Archived 12306:(1998). 12232:Archived 12169:Archived 12036:Archived 12016:: 7–35. 11809:(2007). 11688:Archived 11686:. 2007. 11655:Archived 11619:Archived 11582:πλανήτης 11551:Archived 11527:8 August 11521:Archived 11402:Archived 11300:11685964 11239:Wikidata 11175:Archived 11163:29022593 11081:(2004). 11030:Archived 10977:29487311 10802:Archived 10798:15829056 10694:Archived 10690:15881781 10597:Archived 10520:Archived 10425:20549014 10417:17038587 10356:Archived 10291:Archived 10270:Archived 10258:17268463 10123:24380949 10015:Archived 9991:17495920 9872:Archived 9833:16057644 9686:18688556 9548:25 March 9542:Archived 9503:18599777 9452:Archived 9428:6 August 9419:Archived 9415:46172826 9354:Archived 9334:: A117. 8913:Archived 8864:18649212 8811:51769219 8679:Archived 8642:Archived 8632:(2006). 8609:archived 8574:21 April 8537:Archived 8518:16610947 8457:6 August 8451:Archived 8447:56317105 8374:(2): 8. 8353:11484750 8183:26 March 8177:Archived 8152:24 April 8146:Archived 8104:Archived 8047:Archived 8001:45608770 7993:17768871 7950:16842429 7899:Archived 7897:. NASA. 7801:21133097 7793:17743054 7742:Archived 7386:11519263 7325:Archived 7272:16457143 7164:53628741 7103:Archived 6935:14475537 6878:25 April 6872:Archived 6868:BBC News 6678:24191033 6568:Archived 6538:Archived 6452:Archived 6357:Archived 6345:23426260 6235:Archived 6200:Archived 6111:22237108 6022:Archived 5926:21468196 5918:17569855 5738:Archived 5676:Archived 5646:Archived 5513:Archived 5490:21134564 5482:11536547 5294:15261426 5241:16301955 5143:26472913 5082:Archived 5036:16688170 4875:Archived 4836:Archived 4795:18964068 4544:Archived 4511:Archived 4432:Archived 4401:Archived 4305:sao Thuỷ 4182:See also 3995:platinum 3971:caduceus 3953:caduceus 3935:Neptune 3902:Jupiter 3857:Mercury 3794:plutinos 3786:Massalia 3766:Poseidon 3726:عُطَارِد 3573:(Saturn 3516:kajamānu 3513:Akkadian 3408:'Moon', 3273:Saturday 3252:Saturnus 3246:Iuppiter 3243:(Ares), 3109:Phaethon 3063:Akkadian 3059:Sumerian 2926:hydrogen 2777:Gonggong 2773:Makemake 2720:Dysnomia 2652:Source: 2551:Hyperion 2388:and the 2344:Avicenna 2328:Far East 2245:Almagest 2209:Hesperos 2117:MUL.APIN 2056:planētai 2049:πλανῆται 2022:πλάνητες 1911:moonlets 1847:Ganymede 1760:such as 1739:nitrogen 1437:spheroid 1255:Rotation 1245:solstice 1215:Earth's 1171:equators 1159:ecliptic 1110:aphelion 1106:apastron 1079:WASP-17b 950:12 853:down to 709:Callisto 705:Ganymede 648:Gonggong 644:Makemake 592:hydrogen 533:with an 437:captured 229:folklore 197:planḗtai 190:πλανήται 18979:Planets 18896:Portals 18873:Related 18740:Planets 18732:inside 18369:Largest 18364:Nearest 18067:T Tauri 17963:Orbits 17947:Exomoon 17927:Systems 17641:Planemo 17506:Gaseous 17108:Related 17087:by size 16776:Neptune 16761:Jupiter 16712:Mercury 16637:outline 16582:Phaeton 16577:Nemesis 16564:objects 16416:Neptune 16389:Jupiter 16369:Trojans 16362:Neptune 16347:Jupiter 16327:Mercury 16258:Haumean 16248:Uranian 16230: ( 16150:Hiʻiaka 16084:Proteus 16074:Neptune 16062:Miranda 16052:Umbriel 16042:Titania 16030:all 146 15995:Iapetus 15948:Jupiter 15842:Neptune 15820:Jupiter 15788:Mercury 15770:Planets 15695:Neptune 15680:Jupiter 15653:Mercury 15392:Bibcode 15390:: 306. 15345:Bibcode 15259:Bibcode 15181:27 June 15150:Bibcode 15148:: 325. 14856:Bibcode 14816:Haaretz 14724:中国科技术语 14677:8 April 14626:中国科技术语 14467:"earth" 14402:Bibcode 14306:12 July 14210:12 July 14173:4200484 14091:Bibcode 14036:Bibcode 13983:Bibcode 13903:Bibcode 13855:Bibcode 13832:4339201 13812:Bibcode 13786:Bibcode 13784:: 529, 13749:Bibcode 13689:Bibcode 13646:24 July 13454:27 June 13416:Bibcode 13389:Twitter 13296:Bibcode 13257:Bibcode 13066:Bibcode 12909:Bibcode 12866:Bibcode 12807:Bibcode 12766:Bibcode 12677:Bibcode 12605:Bibcode 12429:Bibcode 12371:(ed.). 12349:10 July 12300:Ptolemy 12266:Bibcode 12238:13 July 12208:Bibcode 12072:Bibcode 11661:29 June 11625:23 July 11600:at the 11497:Bibcode 11442:8 April 11360:Bibcode 11280:Bibcode 11215:Bibcode 11133:Bibcode 11061:Bibcode 11006:Bibcode 10968:5829080 10939:Bibcode 10868:Bibcode 10833:Bibcode 10808:10 July 10770:Bibcode 10700:13 July 10670:Bibcode 10603:10 July 10565:Bibcode 10526:10 July 10488:Bibcode 10397:Bibcode 10379:Science 10362:10 July 10266:4391861 10228:Bibcode 10168:Bibcode 10131:4408861 10103:Bibcode 10058:Bibcode 10021:10 July 9999:4402268 9971:Bibcode 9914:Bibcode 9841:4201521 9813:Bibcode 9766:Bibcode 9666:Bibcode 9613:Bibcode 9483:Bibcode 9475:Science 9395:Bibcode 9363:10 July 9336:Bibcode 9294:Bibcode 9194:Bibcode 9182:: A80, 9145:Bibcode 9107:Bibcode 9072:Bibcode 9003:Bibcode 8951:Bibcode 8919:12 July 8844:Bibcode 8791:Bibcode 8543:7 March 8496:Bibcode 8427:Bibcode 8386:Bibcode 8333:Bibcode 8279:Bibcode 8219:Bibcode 8088:Bibcode 8031:Bibcode 7973:Bibcode 7965:Science 7930:Bibcode 7905:12 July 7865:Bibcode 7823:Bibcode 7773:Bibcode 7765:Science 7748:6 April 7726:Bibcode 7653:7051928 7633:Bibcode 7586:Bibcode 7539:Bibcode 7492:Bibcode 7411:Bibcode 7366:Bibcode 7252:Bibcode 7144:Bibcode 7043:Bibcode 6986:Bibcode 6915:Bibcode 6843:2983930 6823:Bibcode 6759:Bibcode 6669:3845182 6646:Bibcode 6574:12 July 6493:Bibcode 6363:11 July 6317:Bibcode 6272:11 July 6192:Bibcode 6165:4260368 6145:Bibcode 6119:2614136 6091:Bibcode 6056:24 July 6028:24 June 5898:Bibcode 5890:Science 5853:Bibcode 5792:Bibcode 5682:11 July 5595:Bibcode 5548:Bibcode 5462:Bibcode 5454:Science 5427:Bibcode 5372:Bibcode 5274:Bibcode 5221:Bibcode 5172:Bibcode 5151:1220226 5123:Bibcode 5105:Science 5088:7 April 5044:4420518 5016:Bibcode 4966:Bibcode 4919:Bibcode 4867:Bibcode 4828:Bibcode 4775:Bibcode 4722:Bibcode 4675:Bibcode 4628:Bibcode 4575:Bibcode 4550:10 July 4517:3 April 4369:Bibcode 4303:, e.g. 4297:calques 4172:Unicode 4113:Quaoar 4104:Haumea 4071:Hygiea 4062:Pallas 3979:circlet 3920:Uranus 3911:Saturn 3832:Symbols 3818:Miranda 3746:المشتري 3731:ʿUṭārid 3707:al-ʾArḍ 3658:Ma'adim 3646:Levanah 3591:calques 3549:(Venus 3531:Vietnam 3471:Anahita 3447:Persian 3423:Mangala 3405:Chandra 3402:'Sun', 3267:in the 3191:Olympus 3144:Artemis 3127:Stilbon 3115:Pyroeis 3103:Phainon 3098:Titanic 2954:√ 2949:central 2900:of the 2804:Proteus 2712:Proteus 2664:23 June 2515:Neptune 2458:Astraea 2398:Galileo 2250:Ptolemy 2159:Jupiter 2151:Mercury 2093:Babylon 2079:Babylon 2025:ἀστέρες 1998:of the 1776:), and 1747:methane 1622:methane 1618:ammonia 1241:climate 1237:seasons 1148:centre. 1091:gravity 902:of the 805:Salacia 765:Titania 761:Umbriel 753:Miranda 743:Iapetus 604:ammonia 600:methane 423:, or a 286:. Many 174:gravity 150:Neptune 138:Jupiter 119:Mercury 89:rounded 77:Mercury 61:Neptune 53:Jupiter 18:Planets 18764:Humans 18384:Kepler 18359:Firsts 18258:Tholin 18129:Timing 18047:Pulsar 17972:Trojan 17586:Blanet 17345:Planet 17282: 17275: 17268: 17243: 17236: 17229: 17222: 17215: 17208: 17201: 17130:Syzygy 17052:Comets 16985:System 16970:Planet 16863:EXCEDE 16771:Uranus 16766:Saturn 16756:Comets 16749:mining 16727:mining 16617:Vulcan 16458:active 16453:Hygiea 16448:Pallas 16411:Uranus 16357:Uranus 16352:Saturn 16287:Comets 16279:bodies 16277:System 16223:Jovian 16167:Weywot 16162:Quaoar 16155:Namaka 16145:Haumea 16118:Charon 16094:all 16 16089:Nereid 16079:Triton 16067:all 28 16047:Oberon 16037:Uranus 16025:Phoebe 16005:Tethys 15980:Saturn 15973:all 95 15968:Europa 15941:Deimos 15936:Phobos 15915:Earth 15876:Quaoar 15871:Haumea 15851:Dwarfs 15837:Uranus 15825:Saturn 15810:Giants 15775:dwarfs 15722:Quaoar 15715:Haumea 15690:Uranus 15685:Saturn 15207: 15057: 15000: 14932: 14876: 14794: 14788:545038 14786: 14535: 14451:13 May 14420: 14353: 14294: 14286: 14235: 14179: 14171: 14163: 14109: 14054: 14001: 13921: 13830: 13804:Nature 13707: 13505: 13442: 13434: 13316: 13271:5 July 13084: 12884: 12837: 12830:300311 12827: 12733: 12707: 12646: 12623: 12587:Icarus 12474: 12447: 12379: 12314: 12284: 12226: 12163: 12153:KASKAL 12123: 12098: 12090: 12020: 11988:602955 11986: 11949: 11925: 11863: 11829: 11819: 11778: 11732: 11643:Planet 11574:πλάνης 11557:19 May 11515: 11479:Icarus 11378: 11298: 11241: 11233: 11206:Nature 11169: 11161: 11115:Nature 11089: 11036:7 July 11024: 10975: 10965: 10957: 10860:Icarus 10796: 10788: 10688: 10639: 10591: 10583: 10514: 10506: 10423: 10415: 10350: 10264: 10256: 10220:Nature 10196: 10188: 10129: 10121: 10094:Nature 10078:701011 10076: 9997: 9989: 9953:Nature 9932: 9864: 9839: 9831: 9805:Nature 9784: 9740: 9707: 9684: 9631: 9595:Icarus 9534: 9509: 9501: 9413: 9387:Icarus 9267: 9212: 9099:Icarus 9064:Icarus 8995:Icarus 8971: 8905: 8862: 8809: 8739: 8729: 8615:13 May 8601: 8516: 8445: 8351: 8295:. 193. 8237: 8207:: L3. 8138: 8080:Icarus 8023:Icarus 7999: 7991: 7948: 7799: 7791: 7718:Icarus 7691: 7651: 7578:Icarus 7557: 7521:Icarus 7468:, NASA 7384: 7270: 7234:Icarus 7215: 7162: 7109:13 May 7079: 7071: 7004: 6933: 6841: 6779: 6676: 6666: 6544:10 May 6511: 6427: 6412:Nature 6351: 6343: 6335: 6299:Nature 6241:5 June 6206:13 May 6190:: 3+. 6163: 6137:Nature 6117: 6109: 6073:Nature 5992: 5924: 5916: 5835:Icarus 5810: 5790:: 30. 5784:Icarus 5708: 5652:13 May 5638: 5613: 5519:13 May 5488: 5480: 5419:Icarus 5402:13 May 5390: 5343: 5292: 5239: 5149: 5141: 5042: 5034: 5008:Nature 4984: 4929: 4793: 4757:Icarus 4740: 4704:Icarus 4646: 4593: 4407:13 May 4395: 4387: 4323:star". 4293:Hangul 4149:Sedna 4089:Pluto 4080:Orcus 4053:Ceres 4035:Vesta 4026:Earth 4015:bident 3875:Earth 3866:Venus 3802:Tongva 3798:Quaoar 3782:Athena 3776:, and 3692:الزهرة 3666:Tzedeq 3654:Kokhav 3642:Ḥammah 3557:(Mars 3529:, and 3503:Keyvān 3497:) for 3489:Hormoz 3483:) for 3475:Bahrām 3469:) for 3417:Shukra 3281:Monday 3279:, and 3277:Sunday 3179:Hermes 3151:Cronus 3140:Apollo 3093:Selene 3087:Helios 3079:Marduk 3071:Nergal 3067:Ishtar 3051:Romans 3049:, and 3047:Greeks 2908:star ( 2886:pulsar 2847:, and 2796:Charon 2783:, and 2769:Quaoar 2765:Haumea 2716:Nereid 2600:Haumea 2598:, and 2588:Quaoar 2567:planet 2559:Deimos 2555:Phobos 2523:Charon 2517:, and 2478:Hygiea 2468:, and 2433:Pallas 2415:Uranus 2402:Kepler 2400:, and 2322:, and 2163:Saturn 2161:, and 2128:. The 1970:, and 1941:OTS 44 1896:Europa 1786:clouds 1714:oxygen 1682:Triton 1606:nickel 1598:crusts 1590:mantle 1552:Phoebe 1540:pulsar 1405:, and 1188:. The 878:pulsar 796:Tethys 789:Charon 779:Triton 769:Oberon 767:, and 741:, and 727:Tethys 713:Seven 707:, and 701:Europa 654:, and 640:Quaoar 636:Haumea 620:bodies 614:orbit. 602:, and 539:helium 512:comets 508:mantle 446:, the 433:Triton 380:nebula 292:planet 266:; and 248:planet 185:planet 162:nebula 148:, and 146:Uranus 142:Saturn 129:, and 85:planet 75:, and 57:Uranus 49:Saturn 18910:Stars 18716:Stars 18524:Other 18389:1–500 18314:Lists 17423:types 17418:Sizes 17045:Lists 16781:Pluto 16739:Ceres 16717:Venus 16612:Tyche 16607:Theia 16443:Vesta 16438:Ceres 16379:Earth 16374:Venus 16337:Earth 16332:Venus 16312:moons 16275:Solar 16273:Small 16232:Rhean 16215:Rings 16128:Hydra 16113:Pluto 16106:Vanth 16101:Orcus 16057:Ariel 16015:Mimas 16000:Dione 15985:Titan 15908:Moons 15896:Sedna 15866:Pluto 15861:Orcus 15856:Ceres 15798:Earth 15793:Venus 15750:Sedna 15708:Pluto 15701:Orcus 15674:Ceres 15663:Earth 15658:Venus 15496:(PDF) 15489:(PDF) 15436:(PDF) 15425:(PDF) 15343:–96. 15312:(PDF) 15301:(PDF) 15095:1 May 15089:(PDF) 15078:(PDF) 14967:(PDF) 14956:(PDF) 14874:S2CID 14792:S2CID 14784:JSTOR 14746:5 May 14645:(PDF) 14622:(PDF) 14481:7 May 14418:S2CID 14392:arXiv 14292:S2CID 14177:S2CID 14169:JSTOR 14107:S2CID 14081:arXiv 14052:S2CID 14026:arXiv 13999:S2CID 13973:arXiv 13919:S2CID 13893:arXiv 13828:S2CID 13739:arXiv 13705:S2CID 13679:arXiv 13483:arXiv 13440:S2CID 13385:Tweet 13245:(PDF) 13093:(PDF) 13082:S2CID 13056:arXiv 13044:(PDF) 12882:S2CID 12705:S2CID 12621:S2CID 12595:arXiv 12562: 12282:S2CID 12096:S2CID 12092:74273 12088:JSTOR 12039:(PDF) 12006:(PDF) 11984:JSTOR 11730:S2CID 11513:S2CID 11487:arXiv 11408:2 May 11376:S2CID 11350:arXiv 11296:S2CID 11270:arXiv 11178:(PDF) 11167:S2CID 11123:arXiv 11111:(PDF) 11022:S2CID 10794:S2CID 10760:arXiv 10589:S2CID 10555:arXiv 10553:(3). 10512:S2CID 10478:arXiv 10421:S2CID 10387:arXiv 10262:S2CID 10216:(PDF) 10194:S2CID 10158:arXiv 10127:S2CID 10074:S2CID 10048:arXiv 9995:S2CID 9961:arXiv 9930:S2CID 9904:arXiv 9878:4 May 9837:S2CID 9782:S2CID 9682:S2CID 9656:arXiv 9629:S2CID 9603:arXiv 9507:S2CID 9458:7 May 9422:(PDF) 9411:S2CID 9383:(PDF) 9357:(PDF) 9324:(PDF) 9210:S2CID 9184:arXiv 9028:7 May 9022:(PDF) 8991:(PDF) 8969:S2CID 8885:arXiv 8860:S2CID 8834:arXiv 8807:S2CID 8781:arXiv 8737:S2CID 8709:arXiv 8514:S2CID 8486:arXiv 8443:S2CID 8417:arXiv 8376:arXiv 8349:S2CID 8323:arXiv 8269:arXiv 8235:S2CID 8209:arXiv 8107:(PDF) 8076:(PDF) 8050:(PDF) 8019:(PDF) 7997:S2CID 7946:S2CID 7797:S2CID 7649:S2CID 7623:arXiv 7555:S2CID 7529:arXiv 7382:S2CID 7356:arXiv 7268:S2CID 7242:arXiv 7196:–327. 7160:S2CID 7134:arXiv 7077:S2CID 7033:arXiv 7002:S2CID 6976:arXiv 6931:S2CID 6905:arXiv 6850:(PDF) 6839:S2CID 6813:arXiv 6799:(PDF) 6777:S2CID 6749:arXiv 6636:arXiv 6509:S2CID 6483:arXiv 6425:S2CID 6349:S2CID 6307:arXiv 6161:S2CID 6115:S2CID 6081:arXiv 5969:5 May 5933:(PDF) 5922:S2CID 5886:(PDF) 5843:arXiv 5808:S2CID 5780:(PDF) 5744:5 May 5611:S2CID 5585:arXiv 5486:S2CID 5321:arXiv 5290:S2CID 5264:arXiv 5237:S2CID 5211:arXiv 5147:S2CID 5113:arXiv 5057:1 May 5051:(PDF) 5040:S2CID 5004:(PDF) 4982:S2CID 4956:arXiv 4909:arXiv 4881:1 May 4842:1 May 4818:arXiv 4791:S2CID 4765:arXiv 4738:S2CID 4712:arXiv 4644:S2CID 4618:arXiv 4393:S2CID 4359:arXiv 4232:Notes 4140:Eris 4044:Juno 3893:Mars 3884:Moon 3778:Vesta 3770:Ceres 3721:Zuḥal 3716:زُحَل 3711:eretz 3702:الأرض 3687:Rahab 3571:earth 3547:metal 3539:water 3527:Korea 3508:کیوان 3480:بهرام 3466:ناهید 3461:Nāhid 3439:Shani 3411:Budha 3399:Surya 3375:India 3358:terra 3345:aarde 3337:earth 3331:word 3321:eorþe 3319:word 3298:Þunor 3292:Wōden 3234:Venus 3065:name 3035:Earth 2800:Mimas 2785:Sedna 2761:Pluto 2757:Orcus 2658:(PDF) 2631:orbit 2592:Sedna 2506:Pluto 2474:Metis 2470:Flora 2441:Vesta 2429:Ceres 2221:Venus 2147:Venus 2140:omens 2075:China 1976:Pluto 1974:like 1968:moons 1690:space 1686:Pluto 1678:Titan 1594:fluid 1335:Vanth 1331:Orcus 1225:plane 1100:, or 1055:Pluto 1031:Orbit 1025:Orbit 1014:rings 757:Ariel 747:Five 739:Titan 731:Dione 719:Mimas 691:Four 656:Sedna 632:Pluto 628:Orcus 624:Ceres 419:, an 268:Pluto 260:Ceres 252:moons 211:. In 127:Earth 123:Venus 106:, or 96:orbit 69:Venus 65:Earth 18756:and 18750:Life 18708:and 18513:2024 18508:2023 18503:2022 18498:2021 18493:2020 18488:2019 18483:2018 18478:2017 18473:2016 18468:2015 18463:2014 18458:2013 18453:2012 18448:2011 18443:2010 18158:list 18146:list 18134:list 18117:list 18105:list 17702:and 17420:and 16734:Mars 16722:Moon 16700:list 16683:list 16384:Mars 16342:Mars 16198:Eris 16138:Styx 15990:Rhea 15931:Mars 15919:Moon 15891:Eris 15803:Mars 15743:Eris 15668:Mars 15535:2022 15504:2022 15470:2011 15444:2022 15320:2022 15237:2018 15205:ISBN 15183:2022 15127:2022 15097:2022 15055:ISBN 14998:ISBN 14975:2022 14930:ISBN 14909:2019 14829:2022 14748:2023 14705:2022 14679:2010 14653:2022 14599:2023 14568:2022 14533:ISBN 14514:2008 14483:2021 14453:2022 14364:2008 14351:ISBN 14308:2022 14284:ISSN 14233:ISBN 14212:2022 14161:ISSN 14145:Iraq 13949:2021 13648:2016 13615:2022 13579:2022 13542:2011 13503:ISSN 13456:2022 13432:ISSN 13353:2019 13314:ISBN 13273:2011 13253:8747 13227:2008 13192:2022 13162:2008 13133:2008 13101:2008 13019:2023 12990:2023 12958:2008 12835:PMID 12731:ISBN 12644:ISBN 12512:2008 12472:ISBN 12445:ISBN 12377:ISBN 12351:2022 12312:ISBN 12240:2022 12224:ISSN 12177:2022 12161:ISSN 12134:2008 12121:ISBN 12047:2008 11947:ISBN 11923:ISBN 11874:2008 11861:ISBN 11827:OCLC 11817:ISBN 11776:ISBN 11772:5–20 11696:2008 11663:2015 11627:2007 11559:2016 11529:2022 11444:2007 11410:2022 11325:2007 11313:NASA 11231:ISSN 11186:2022 11159:PMID 11087:ISBN 11038:2021 10973:PMID 10955:ISSN 10911:2008 10810:2022 10786:ISSN 10733:2008 10702:2022 10686:PMID 10637:ISBN 10605:2022 10581:ISSN 10528:2022 10504:ISSN 10449:2007 10437:NASA 10413:PMID 10364:2022 10348:ISSN 10299:2011 10278:2019 10254:PMID 10186:ISSN 10119:PMID 10023:2022 9987:PMID 9880:2023 9862:ISBN 9829:PMID 9738:ISBN 9705:ISBN 9580:2007 9550:2010 9532:ISBN 9499:PMID 9460:2023 9430:2022 9365:2016 9265:ISBN 9246:2008 9030:2023 8921:2022 8903:ISBN 8727:ISBN 8687:2020 8650:2008 8617:2022 8599:ISBN 8576:2007 8545:2007 8459:2022 8185:2007 8154:2017 8136:ISBN 8115:2006 8058:2006 7989:PMID 7907:2022 7789:PMID 7750:2023 7689:ISBN 7453:2008 7333:2008 7302:2008 7213:ISBN 7111:2022 7069:ISSN 6880:2007 6715:link 6701:2008 6674:PMID 6607:2013 6576:2022 6546:2016 6460:2011 6396:2011 6384:NASA 6365:2022 6341:PMID 6333:ISSN 6274:2022 6262:NASA 6243:2017 6208:2022 6107:PMID 6058:2024 6030:2022 5990:ISBN 5971:2022 5959:NASA 5941:2015 5914:PMID 5746:2022 5706:ISBN 5684:2022 5654:2022 5636:ISBN 5521:2022 5478:PMID 5404:2022 5388:ISSN 5341:ISSN 5188:2008 5139:PMID 5090:2010 5059:2022 5032:PMID 4927:ISBN 4883:2016 4844:2016 4591:ISSN 4552:2022 4519:2022 4470:2008 4440:2009 4409:2022 4385:ISSN 4321:Yama 4315:but 4260:See 4007:NASA 3977:, a 3848:Sun 3814:Pope 3812:and 3774:Juno 3683:Oron 3597:and 3563:wood 3555:fire 3494:هرمز 3393:Ketu 3390:and 3387:Rahu 3368:(Ge) 3349:jord 3341:Erde 3333:erþō 3304:Frīġ 3240:Mars 3165:Ares 3158:Zeus 3142:and 3090:and 3075:Nabu 3014:and 3004:and 2947:(M/M 2896:and 2880:and 2859:belt 2781:Eris 2714:and 2666:2009 2614:The 2596:Eris 2557:and 2466:Iris 2462:Hebe 2437:Juno 2269:and 2187:The 2155:Mars 2149:and 1955:and 1883:The 1873:and 1852:axes 1699:−0.6 1697:+0.7 1648:and 1626:ices 1604:and 1602:iron 1451:Mass 1433:pole 1308:days 1184:and 1151:The 1141:The 1131:The 1116:for 1087:year 1043:and 1033:and 969:and 937:and 898:and 872:and 783:One 773:One 735:Rhea 687:Moon 652:Eris 580:rock 504:core 396:mass 327:life 276:Eris 221:Moon 131:Mars 100:star 73:Mars 18791:8: 18781:7: 18762:6: 18748:5: 18738:4: 18724:3: 18714:2: 18700:1: 17355:IAU 16473:PHA 16123:Nix 15832:Ice 15815:Gas 15648:Sun 15171:IAU 14864:doi 14852:260 14776:doi 14732:doi 14634:doi 14410:doi 14274:hdl 14266:doi 14153:doi 14099:doi 14077:532 14044:doi 14022:727 13991:doi 13969:770 13911:doi 13863:doi 13820:doi 13808:378 13782:211 13757:doi 13697:doi 13675:150 13493:doi 13479:460 13424:doi 13304:doi 13120:ABC 13074:doi 12917:doi 12905:274 12874:doi 12825:PMC 12815:doi 12774:doi 12695:hdl 12685:doi 12673:153 12613:doi 12591:319 12437:doi 12402:108 12274:doi 12216:doi 12080:doi 12068:276 12028:doi 11976:doi 11972:107 11722:doi 11505:doi 11483:374 11368:doi 11346:558 11288:doi 11266:635 11223:doi 11211:614 11149:hdl 11141:doi 11119:550 11014:doi 10963:PMC 10947:doi 10876:doi 10864:146 10841:doi 10778:doi 10756:597 10678:doi 10633:519 10573:doi 10551:126 10496:doi 10474:216 10405:doi 10383:314 10338:hdl 10328:doi 10324:479 10244:hdl 10236:doi 10224:445 10176:doi 10154:887 10111:doi 10099:505 10066:doi 10044:776 9979:doi 9957:447 9922:doi 9900:122 9821:doi 9809:226 9774:doi 9730:doi 9674:doi 9652:129 9621:doi 9599:246 9491:doi 9479:321 9403:doi 9391:237 9344:doi 9332:584 9302:doi 9202:doi 9180:641 9153:doi 9115:doi 9103:175 9080:doi 9011:doi 8999:208 8959:doi 8947:164 8895:doi 8852:doi 8830:591 8799:doi 8777:123 8719:doi 8504:doi 8482:382 8435:doi 8413:482 8341:doi 8319:639 8287:doi 8227:doi 8205:669 8096:doi 8084:163 8039:doi 8027:163 7981:doi 7969:150 7938:doi 7926:277 7873:doi 7781:doi 7769:139 7734:doi 7722:175 7641:doi 7619:628 7594:doi 7582:128 7547:doi 7525:205 7500:doi 7419:doi 7374:doi 7352:566 7260:doi 7238:193 7194:324 7152:doi 7130:709 7061:hdl 7051:doi 7029:916 6994:doi 6972:810 6923:doi 6901:476 6831:doi 6809:507 6767:doi 6745:834 6664:PMC 6654:doi 6632:110 6501:doi 6479:767 6417:doi 6325:doi 6303:494 6188:398 6153:doi 6141:355 6099:doi 6077:481 5906:doi 5894:316 5861:doi 5839:414 5800:doi 5788:334 5774:126 5603:doi 5581:149 5556:doi 5544:622 5470:doi 5458:259 5435:doi 5380:doi 5331:doi 5317:428 5282:doi 5260:131 5229:doi 5207:585 5131:doi 5109:350 5024:doi 5012:441 4974:doi 4952:806 4783:doi 4761:199 4730:doi 4708:241 4683:doi 4671:410 4636:doi 4614:778 4583:doi 4458:IAU 4377:doi 4096:or 3975:Sun 3927:or 3456:تیر 3451:Tir 3286:Tīw 3053:of 2956:621 2912:). 2865:of 2806:.) 2547:all 2392:of 2203:or 1694:2.0 1505:of 1415:or 1373:IAU 1165:or 1085:or 1004:). 833:An 807:). 518:). 217:Sun 18970:: 18795:- 18785:- 18752:- 18742:- 18728:- 18718:- 18704:- 18411:K2 16234:?) 15963:Io 15521:. 15431:. 15427:. 15404:^ 15388:40 15386:. 15357:^ 15341:95 15307:. 15303:. 15288:^ 15245:^ 15191:^ 15173:. 15169:. 15146:34 15144:. 15117:. 15113:. 15080:. 14962:. 14895:. 14872:. 14862:. 14850:. 14846:. 14819:. 14813:. 14790:. 14782:. 14772:40 14770:. 14756:^ 14738:. 14728:20 14726:. 14722:. 14695:. 14640:. 14624:. 14607:^ 14589:. 14585:. 14504:. 14500:. 14473:. 14469:. 14443:. 14439:. 14416:. 14408:. 14400:. 14388:93 14386:. 14372:^ 14298:. 14290:. 14282:. 14272:. 14262:46 14260:. 14256:. 14198:. 14175:. 14167:. 14159:. 14149:62 14147:. 14105:. 14097:. 14089:. 14075:. 14050:. 14042:. 14034:. 14020:. 13997:. 13989:. 13981:. 13967:. 13939:. 13917:. 13909:. 13901:. 13889:94 13887:. 13875:^ 13861:. 13851:38 13849:. 13826:. 13818:. 13806:. 13780:, 13755:. 13747:. 13733:. 13729:. 13717:^ 13703:. 13695:. 13687:. 13673:. 13656:^ 13638:. 13632:. 13601:. 13595:. 13569:. 13565:. 13559:. 13528:. 13524:. 13501:. 13491:. 13477:. 13473:. 13446:. 13438:. 13430:. 13422:. 13410:. 13406:. 13343:. 13337:. 13312:, 13302:, 13292:12 13290:, 13251:. 13247:. 13217:. 13213:. 13209:. 13117:. 13088:. 13080:. 13072:. 13064:. 13052:34 13050:. 13046:. 13027:^ 12944:. 12940:. 12929:^ 12915:. 12903:. 12880:. 12872:. 12862:83 12860:. 12833:. 12823:. 12813:. 12803:52 12801:. 12797:. 12772:. 12762:97 12760:. 12754:. 12703:. 12693:. 12683:. 12671:. 12667:. 12619:. 12611:. 12603:. 12589:. 12574:^ 12550:. 12502:. 12486:^ 12443:. 12435:. 12423:. 12419:. 12400:. 12341:. 12335:. 12302:; 12280:. 12272:. 12262:28 12260:. 12248:^ 12230:. 12222:. 12214:. 12204:17 12202:. 12198:. 12179:. 12167:. 12155:. 12151:. 12094:. 12086:. 12078:. 12066:. 12034:. 12026:. 12014:16 12012:. 12008:. 11982:. 11970:. 11913:; 11909:; 11839:^ 11825:. 11805:; 11790:^ 11774:. 11728:. 11716:. 11682:. 11671:^ 11653:. 11647:. 11594:; 11590:; 11586:. 11578:, 11549:. 11545:. 11519:. 11511:. 11503:. 11495:. 11481:. 11477:. 11452:^ 11418:^ 11400:. 11396:. 11374:. 11366:. 11358:. 11344:. 11311:. 11294:. 11286:. 11278:. 11264:. 11237:. 11229:. 11221:. 11209:. 11203:. 11173:. 11165:. 11157:. 11147:. 11139:. 11131:. 11117:. 11113:. 11057:28 11055:. 11028:. 11020:. 11012:. 11000:. 10994:. 10971:. 10961:. 10953:. 10945:. 10933:. 10929:. 10897:. 10874:. 10862:. 10839:. 10829:48 10827:. 10800:. 10792:. 10784:. 10776:. 10768:. 10754:. 10750:. 10719:. 10692:. 10684:. 10676:. 10666:34 10664:. 10660:. 10635:. 10613:^ 10595:. 10587:. 10579:. 10571:. 10563:. 10549:. 10545:. 10518:. 10510:. 10502:. 10494:. 10486:. 10472:. 10468:. 10435:. 10419:. 10411:. 10403:. 10395:. 10381:. 10354:. 10346:. 10336:. 10322:. 10318:. 10268:. 10260:. 10252:. 10242:. 10234:. 10222:. 10218:. 10192:. 10184:. 10174:. 10166:. 10152:. 10148:. 10125:. 10117:. 10109:. 10097:. 10072:. 10064:. 10056:. 10042:. 10009:. 9993:. 9985:. 9977:. 9969:. 9955:. 9928:. 9920:. 9912:. 9898:. 9870:. 9835:. 9827:. 9819:. 9807:. 9780:. 9772:. 9762:66 9760:. 9736:, 9680:. 9672:. 9664:. 9650:. 9627:. 9619:. 9611:. 9597:. 9566:. 9540:. 9505:. 9497:. 9489:. 9477:. 9446:. 9417:. 9409:. 9401:. 9389:. 9385:. 9352:. 9342:. 9330:. 9326:. 9300:. 9290:43 9288:. 9232:. 9221:^ 9208:, 9200:, 9192:, 9178:, 9165:^ 9151:. 9139:. 9127:^ 9113:. 9101:. 9078:. 9068:60 9066:. 9009:. 8997:. 8993:. 8967:. 8957:. 8945:. 8941:. 8929:^ 8911:. 8901:. 8893:. 8858:. 8850:. 8842:. 8828:. 8805:. 8797:. 8789:. 8775:. 8749:^ 8735:. 8725:. 8717:. 8695:^ 8677:. 8673:. 8658:^ 8640:. 8636:. 8607:, 8593:, 8512:. 8502:. 8494:. 8480:. 8476:. 8449:. 8441:. 8433:. 8425:. 8411:. 8407:. 8384:. 8370:. 8347:. 8339:. 8331:. 8317:. 8309:61 8285:. 8277:. 8263:. 8259:. 8247:^ 8233:. 8225:. 8217:. 8203:. 8175:. 8171:. 8144:. 8102:. 8094:. 8082:. 8078:. 8045:. 8037:. 8025:. 8021:. 7995:. 7987:. 7979:. 7967:. 7944:. 7936:. 7924:. 7893:. 7871:. 7861:31 7859:. 7809:^ 7795:. 7787:. 7779:. 7767:. 7740:. 7732:. 7720:. 7716:. 7647:. 7639:. 7631:. 7617:. 7592:. 7580:. 7576:. 7553:. 7545:. 7537:. 7523:. 7498:. 7488:43 7486:. 7482:. 7431:^ 7417:. 7405:. 7380:. 7372:. 7364:. 7350:. 7319:. 7288:. 7266:. 7258:. 7250:. 7236:. 7172:^ 7158:. 7150:. 7142:. 7128:. 7101:. 7097:. 7075:. 7067:. 7059:. 7049:. 7041:. 7027:. 7023:. 7000:. 6992:. 6984:. 6970:. 6962:; 6943:^ 6929:. 6921:. 6913:. 6899:. 6866:. 6837:. 6829:. 6821:. 6807:. 6801:. 6775:. 6765:. 6757:. 6743:. 6739:. 6723:^ 6711:}} 6707:{{ 6672:. 6662:. 6652:. 6644:. 6630:. 6624:. 6593:. 6562:. 6536:. 6530:. 6507:. 6499:. 6491:. 6477:. 6450:. 6446:. 6423:. 6415:. 6382:. 6355:. 6347:. 6339:. 6331:. 6323:. 6315:. 6301:. 6297:. 6285:^ 6276:. 6260:. 6227:. 6216:^ 6198:. 6186:. 6182:. 6159:. 6151:. 6139:. 6127:^ 6113:. 6105:. 6097:. 6089:. 6075:. 6047:. 6020:. 6016:. 6012:. 5957:. 5920:. 5912:. 5904:. 5892:. 5888:. 5859:. 5851:. 5841:. 5837:. 5824:^ 5806:. 5798:. 5786:. 5782:. 5777:)" 5754:^ 5732:. 5720:^ 5692:^ 5670:. 5644:. 5609:. 5601:. 5593:. 5579:. 5554:. 5542:. 5538:. 5511:. 5507:. 5484:. 5476:. 5468:. 5456:. 5433:. 5423:69 5421:. 5386:. 5378:. 5368:37 5366:. 5362:. 5339:. 5329:. 5315:. 5311:. 5288:. 5280:. 5272:. 5258:. 5235:. 5227:. 5219:. 5205:. 5145:. 5137:. 5129:. 5121:. 5107:. 5076:. 5038:. 5030:. 5022:. 5010:. 5006:. 4980:. 4972:. 4964:. 4950:. 4925:. 4917:. 4903:. 4873:. 4834:. 4826:. 4789:. 4781:. 4773:. 4759:. 4736:. 4728:. 4720:. 4706:. 4681:. 4669:. 4665:. 4642:. 4634:. 4626:. 4612:. 4589:. 4581:. 4571:18 4569:. 4542:. 4536:. 4509:. 4505:. 4478:^ 4456:. 4417:^ 4399:. 4391:. 4383:. 4375:. 4367:. 4355:94 4353:. 4349:. 4337:^ 4166:, 4017:. 3986:. 3955:. 3772:, 3749:, 3739:, 3729:, 3719:, 3705:, 3695:, 3537:: 3370:. 3364:Γή 3275:, 3146:); 3045:, 3026:. 2980:. 2888:, 2787:. 2779:, 2775:, 2771:, 2767:, 2763:, 2759:, 2618:'s 2606:. 2594:, 2590:, 2502:. 2464:, 2417:. 2396:, 2318:, 2314:, 2235:. 2157:, 2077:, 2073:, 2059:) 2035:) 2006:, 1966:, 1749:. 1620:, 1531:. 1401:, 1384:. 1124:. 1093:. 1073:: 1065:). 982:AU 933:, 865:. 787:: 777:: 763:, 759:, 755:, 751:: 737:, 733:, 729:, 725:, 721:, 717:: 703:, 699:, 697:Io 695:: 650:, 646:, 642:, 638:, 634:, 630:, 626:, 549:. 463:. 450:, 329:. 219:, 201:) 180:. 144:, 140:, 125:, 121:, 102:, 83:A 71:, 67:, 59:, 55:, 51:, 18898:: 18638:e 18631:t 18624:v 18007:B 18002:A 17328:e 17321:t 17314:v 17293:→ 17284:→ 17277:→ 17270:→ 17263:→ 17257:→ 17251:→ 17245:→ 17238:→ 17231:→ 17224:→ 17217:→ 17210:→ 17203:→ 16639:) 16635:( 15772:, 15587:e 15580:t 15573:v 15537:. 15506:. 15472:. 15446:. 15398:. 15394:: 15351:. 15347:: 15322:. 15265:. 15261:: 15239:. 15213:. 15185:. 15152:: 15129:. 15099:. 15063:. 14977:. 14880:. 14866:: 14858:: 14831:. 14798:. 14778:: 14750:. 14734:: 14707:. 14681:. 14655:. 14636:: 14630:9 14601:. 14570:. 14541:. 14516:. 14485:. 14455:. 14424:. 14412:: 14404:: 14394:: 14366:. 14310:. 14276:: 14268:: 14241:. 14214:. 14183:. 14155:: 14113:. 14101:: 14093:: 14083:: 14058:. 14046:: 14038:: 14028:: 14005:. 13993:: 13985:: 13975:: 13951:. 13925:. 13913:: 13905:: 13895:: 13869:. 13865:: 13857:: 13834:. 13822:: 13814:: 13788:: 13765:. 13759:: 13751:: 13741:: 13735:5 13711:. 13699:: 13691:: 13681:: 13650:. 13617:. 13581:. 13544:. 13509:. 13495:: 13485:: 13458:. 13426:: 13418:: 13412:4 13391:. 13383:( 13355:. 13306:: 13298:: 13275:. 13259:: 13229:. 13194:. 13164:. 13135:. 13103:. 13076:: 13068:: 13058:: 13021:. 12992:. 12960:. 12923:. 12919:: 12911:: 12888:. 12876:: 12868:: 12841:. 12817:: 12809:: 12782:. 12776:: 12768:: 12739:. 12711:. 12697:: 12687:: 12679:: 12652:. 12627:. 12615:: 12607:: 12597:: 12560:. 12514:. 12480:. 12453:. 12439:: 12431:: 12385:. 12353:. 12320:. 12288:. 12276:: 12268:: 12242:. 12218:: 12210:: 12157:5 12136:. 12102:. 12082:: 12074:: 12049:. 12030:: 11990:. 11978:: 11955:. 11876:. 11833:. 11784:. 11736:. 11724:: 11718:4 11698:. 11665:. 11641:" 11629:. 11561:. 11531:. 11507:: 11499:: 11489:: 11446:. 11412:. 11382:. 11370:: 11362:: 11352:: 11327:. 11302:. 11290:: 11282:: 11272:: 11245:. 11225:: 11217:: 11188:. 11151:: 11143:: 11135:: 11125:: 11095:. 11067:. 11063:: 11040:. 11016:: 11008:: 11002:5 10979:. 10949:: 10941:: 10935:9 10913:. 10882:. 10878:: 10870:: 10847:. 10843:: 10835:: 10812:. 10780:: 10772:: 10762:: 10735:. 10704:. 10680:: 10672:: 10645:. 10607:. 10575:: 10567:: 10557:: 10530:. 10498:: 10490:: 10480:: 10451:. 10427:. 10407:: 10399:: 10389:: 10366:. 10340:: 10330:: 10301:. 10280:. 10246:: 10238:: 10230:: 10200:. 10178:: 10170:: 10160:: 10133:. 10113:: 10105:: 10080:. 10068:: 10060:: 10050:: 10025:. 10001:. 9981:: 9973:: 9963:: 9936:. 9924:: 9916:: 9906:: 9884:. 9882:. 9843:. 9823:: 9815:: 9801:2 9788:. 9776:: 9768:: 9732:: 9713:. 9688:. 9676:: 9668:: 9658:: 9635:. 9623:: 9615:: 9605:: 9582:. 9552:. 9513:. 9493:: 9485:: 9462:. 9432:. 9405:: 9397:: 9367:. 9346:: 9338:: 9308:. 9304:: 9296:: 9273:. 9248:. 9204:: 9196:: 9186:: 9159:. 9155:: 9147:: 9141:7 9121:. 9117:: 9109:: 9086:. 9082:: 9074:: 9032:. 9013:: 9005:: 8975:. 8961:: 8953:: 8923:. 8897:: 8887:: 8866:. 8854:: 8846:: 8836:: 8813:. 8801:: 8793:: 8783:: 8743:. 8721:: 8711:: 8689:. 8652:. 8578:. 8547:. 8520:. 8506:: 8498:: 8488:: 8461:. 8437:: 8429:: 8419:: 8392:. 8388:: 8378:: 8372:4 8355:. 8343:: 8335:: 8325:: 8289:: 8281:: 8271:: 8265:4 8241:. 8229:: 8221:: 8211:: 8187:. 8156:. 8117:. 8098:: 8090:: 8060:. 8041:: 8033:: 8003:. 7983:: 7975:: 7952:. 7940:: 7932:: 7909:. 7879:. 7875:: 7867:: 7829:. 7825:: 7803:. 7783:: 7775:: 7752:. 7736:: 7728:: 7655:. 7643:: 7635:: 7625:: 7602:. 7596:: 7588:: 7561:. 7549:: 7541:: 7531:: 7508:. 7502:: 7494:: 7455:. 7425:. 7421:: 7413:: 7407:4 7388:. 7376:: 7368:: 7358:: 7335:. 7304:. 7274:. 7262:: 7254:: 7244:: 7221:. 7166:. 7154:: 7146:: 7136:: 7113:. 7083:. 7063:: 7053:: 7045:: 7035:: 7008:. 6996:: 6988:: 6978:: 6937:. 6925:: 6917:: 6907:: 6882:. 6833:: 6825:: 6815:: 6783:. 6769:: 6761:: 6751:: 6717:) 6703:. 6680:. 6656:: 6648:: 6638:: 6609:. 6578:. 6548:. 6515:. 6503:: 6495:: 6485:: 6462:. 6431:. 6419:: 6398:. 6367:. 6327:: 6319:: 6309:: 6245:. 6210:. 6194:: 6167:. 6155:: 6147:: 6121:. 6101:: 6093:: 6083:: 6060:. 6032:. 5998:. 5973:. 5943:. 5908:: 5900:: 5867:. 5863:: 5855:: 5845:: 5802:: 5794:: 5748:. 5714:. 5686:. 5656:. 5617:. 5605:: 5597:: 5587:: 5564:. 5558:: 5550:: 5523:. 5492:. 5472:: 5464:: 5441:. 5437:: 5429:: 5406:. 5382:: 5374:: 5347:. 5333:: 5323:: 5296:. 5284:: 5276:: 5266:: 5243:. 5231:: 5223:: 5213:: 5190:. 5174:: 5153:. 5133:: 5125:: 5115:: 5092:. 5061:. 5026:: 5018:: 4988:. 4976:: 4968:: 4958:: 4935:. 4921:: 4911:: 4885:. 4869:: 4846:. 4830:: 4820:: 4797:. 4785:: 4777:: 4767:: 4744:. 4732:: 4724:: 4714:: 4691:. 4685:: 4677:: 4650:. 4638:: 4630:: 4620:: 4597:. 4585:: 4577:: 4554:. 4521:. 4472:. 4442:. 4411:. 4379:: 4371:: 4361:: 4319:" 4279:π 4264:. 4251:. 3631:鬩 3627:鳥 3623:妊 3619:健 3615:灶 3611:婚 3607:智 3603:穀 3587:冥 3583:海 3579:天 3575:土 3567:木 3559:火 3551:金 3543:水 3505:( 3491:( 3477:( 3463:( 2828:π 2824:π 2820:π 2816:π 2668:. 2067:' 2061:' 2053:( 2043:' 2037:' 2029:( 1707:E 1704:M 1529:J 1526:M 1518:J 1515:M 1495:J 1492:M 1483:J 1480:M 1108:( 829:) 209:' 203:' 193:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index