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298:. Only about 20 percent of all Student Governments have a student serving as a voting member of the Board of Trustees/Regents/Governors, according to ASGA's Student Representatives on Board of Trustees Survey from November 2013. Nearly 64 percent of nearly 400 participating institutions of all types and size indicated that they have a student member of their institution's board of trustees/regents. Of those 64 percent that have a student member, 40.83% have a student who has an official vote.
225:, for example, students are served by three equal and independent student governance organizations: the Student Government represents students generally, but focuses on undergraduate student life matters; the Senate of College Councils represents undergraduate and graduate students in academic affairs; and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate students in both academic and student affairs. While some student governments incorporate undergraduates and graduates together, at the
326:
Assembly). In such cases, there occasionally exist links and dependencies between these bodies. Many colleges/universities also allow the student governments to manage and disburse the student activities (student life) funds generated by the fees students pay each quarter/semester/year. This usually establishes some authority for the student government because control over money is power and strong influence.
372:
non-traditional populations and therefore have less emphasis on traditional student services and programs such as student government. State universities and colleges tend to have a 10-15 percent voter turnout, while private colleges tend to be 15-20 percent, but can have much higher totals, sometimes into 40 percent or higher, according to ASGA.
205:. This is by far the most common type of structure, and is found in model student government constitutions and by-laws. Most executive branch officers are elected institution-wide, while some community and technical colleges, because of poor turnout, have resorted to choosing leaders from campus clubs and organizations.
352:
Student government budgets range from as high as $ 90 million (UCLA) to less than a few thousand dollars. Large public residential universities tend to enjoy the largest operational budgets, while commuter-based public colleges and private colleges tend to have the smallest budgets. The vast majority
229:, for example, the legislature is bicameral: The Graduate Student Senate and the Undergraduate Student Congress. Florida Atlantic University, with multiple campuses, elects a university-wide student government president, then elects campus "governors" and representatives serving each specific campus.
269:
A 2018 survey of state law governing student associations in higher education found twelve states and Puerto Rico assigned student associations substantial rights and responsibilities (Category 1 states in the table below); fourteen other states and the
District of Columbia create an advisory role
371:
Average voter turnout in all 4,700 student governments nationwide is in the range of 4 percent, according to the ASGA SG database. This number is negatively skewed by poor participation overall in SG at the more than 2,000 American community and technical colleges which have larger commuter and
114:
State law often provides student governments with substantial legal rights and a significant role within the institution. In a 2018 survey of state law, twelve states and Puerto Rico assigned student associations significant rights and power; fourteen other states and the
District of Columbia
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appointed by the Board, some conflicts may arise between
Student Government and the institution's administration, especially in the area of fiscal matters. In addition to a student government, many institutions also establish governments for faculty (e.g. Faculty Senate) and staff (e.g. Staff
367:
Most
American student governments are "official, on-campus organizations" recognized by their institutions. But particularly in California, Minnesota, and Oregon, the "Associated Students, Inc." are non-profit corporations that operate independently of the institution, yet remain beholden to
94:
Student governments vary widely in their internal structure and degree of influence on institutional policy. At institutions with large graduate, medical school, and individual "college" populations, there are often student governments that serve those specific constituencies. Some student
360:
According to ASGA's SG Database, here are the national average student government budgets for different types of institutions: Community/Junior
Colleges-- $ 263,330.43 Private Colleges/Universities (religious)-- $ 176.164.19 Private Colleges/Universities (secular)-- $ 356,466.09 Public
392:
The vast majority of student government leaders serve one-year terms by the constitution/bylaws. There sometimes are student body presidents who serve more than one year. Steve Wymer served two full years and part of a third as student body president at
Washington State University.
313:
ratified by the student body. Some states, such as
California and Florida, specifically provide for "student body organizations" in their public institutions by statute. (e.g. Cal Education Code § 76060 (Community Colleges); Cal Education Code § 89300 (Universities)).
106:
The student governments with the authority to set their own student fees, usually through student referendums, typically have the most institutional independence and autonomy. Student governments that set their own fees were also more likely to participate in the
115:
assigned student associations a more limited advisory role; and twenty-four states provided little or no authority to student governments. Fourteen states also grant some legal rights to student governments or student representatives in secondary education.
353:
of student governments receive their funding from a portion of the student activity fees. More than 71 percent of
American "SG" officers are compensated through salaries, stipends, scholarships, and tuition waivers, according to the SG Salary Survey. The
221:, law, and medical school programs have separate student governments for the graduate and undergraduate student bodies. Similarly, multiple undergraduate student governments sometimes form to address specific facets of university decision-making. At the
357:, the professional association for collegiate student governments, maintains an annually updated database of student government information including budgets, number of members, salaries, structure, and number of recognized clubs.
270:
for student associations (Category 2 states); and twenty-four states create little or no role for student associations under their law, although practices at different colleges and universities can vary (Category 3 states).
208:
The vast majority of student governments operate under a two branch system, with an executive and legislative branch. The judicial branch is far less common, but frequently exists at public colleges and universities.
244:
Serving on and/or appointing representatives to serve on institution-wide committees made up of students, faculty, administrators, and staff members, the ultimate being voting student representation on the board of
382:
The ethnic percentages are: 30.41% non-Hispanic men 26.24% non-Hispanic women 10.27% Hispanic women 8.34% African-American men 7.01% African-American women 6.51% Hispanic men 2.44% Asian women 2.23% Asian men
317:
Student governments have historically been considered auxiliaries of the university to which they belong. Since ultimate responsibility over the direction of a university is usually vested in a
153:. In addition, historically, many US schools followed a "student-faculty council" model, with governance shared between elected representatives of the student body and the faculty.
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institution rules and regulations. They sometimes derive part of their funding through the sale of services such as "discount cards" that students can use at local establishments.
524:
130:" (also known as a "student center" or "student commons"): a building with dining halls, game rooms, lounges, student offices, and other spaces for student activities.
56:
according to the
American Student Government Association's database of all student governments throughout the United States. The next most common name is the
334:
750:
836:
672:
608:
577:
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Sponsoring campus-wide programs (e.g. Homecoming, concerts, parades, speakers, entertainment, discount cards, food pantries, book swaps, etc.)
418:
549:
345:. The organization was and continues to be composed of campus political parties that represent a wide range of political ideologies, like
134:
386:
Among women student body presidents 53.97% non-Hispanic women 21.12% Hispanic women 14.43% African
American women 5.02% Asian women
379:
Among 2017-18 student body presidents, according to ASGA's database which is updated annually, 48.62% are women and 51.38% are men.
237:
Within their capacity as representatives of the student body, student governments may fulfill a range of responsibilities, such as:
528:
423:
354:
174:
161:
96:
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Among men student body presidents 59.20 non-Hispanic men 16.23% African-American men 12.67% Hispanic men 4.35% Asian men
464:
306:
108:
19:
273:
481:"Collection: Iowa State University. Government of the Student Body records | Iowa State University - ArchivesSpace"
166:
100:
768:
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is used by 72% of American student governments, according to ASGA's 2012 SG Elections nationwide research study.
241:
Representing the interests and concerns of the student body (authority granted by the institution's leadership)
754:
301:
Student governments tend to be chartered by the Board but, in the case of public universities operated by a
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by the community as a whole, with students and faculty on equal footing. Examples of such schools include
193:, programming branches which may or may not be independent from the executive branch, initiative, recall,
676:
428:
322:
286:
Most universities and colleges (both public and private) in the United States are governed by a Board of
433:
277:
Student council nomination for Cormac written by Jason Gonazalez - 9/9/2008 - Olneyville, Rhode Island
189:
branches. These structures often include elements which are not found in the federal government (e.g.
769:"Steve Wymer elected to his third ASWSU presidency | WSU Timeline Site | Washington State University"
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133:
Not all American colleges and universities have a separate student government. A handful of small
34:
634:
480:
150:
127:
550:"FIU Student Government Association Fiscal Year 2020-2021 Activity & Service Fee Allocation"
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against their campus and act as independent organizations, the most notable of which being the
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77:
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Disbursing mandatory fees for student activities to clubs, organizations, and campus offices
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Lobbying on local and state education-related issues, particularly at public institutions
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Some of the student governments of prominent American universities have a history of
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197:). Just like the federal government, these governments have the trappings of a
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309:. Their structure, purpose and responsibilities are usually established in a
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Totalled, ASGA estimates Student Governments to have more than $ 2 billion.
729:
310:
690:
342:
182:
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition
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Madam President is also the proper term for a female student President.
302:
194:
821:
103:
Student Government had an annual budget of $ 20.3 million as of 2021.
186:
95:
governments have very large budgets; the student government at the
16:
American organizations representing high school or college students
816:
201:, with a separation of powers between branches and a presidential
287:
264:
609:"A Union for All: Collective Associations Outside the Workplace"
578:"A Union for All: Collective Associations Outside the Workplace"
118:
Elsewhere in the world, student governments are often known as "
68:(west coast institutions almost exclusively), or less commonly
346:
403:
202:
349:, whose members composed the leadership of the movement.
173:
Many student governments are structured similarly to the
99:
had an annual budget of $ 39 million as of 2013, and the
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use a governance model in which key decisions are made
88:. High school student governments usually are known as
84:, the undergraduate student government is known as the
504:
525:"Guidestar Exchange Report: Associated Students UCLA"
335:
Associated Students of the University of California
52:. At the collegiate level, the most common name is
402:Mr. Student Body President, an original series on
281:
828:
337:which gained international attention during the
126:, the phrase "student union" often refers to a "
265:Legal Rights in United States Higher Education
97:University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
419:Conference on Student Government Associations
616:Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy
585:Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy
459:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 517.
135:liberal arts colleges in the United States
165:Students voting in Fall Elections at the
837:Student governments in the United States
714:Role and structure of student government
272:
160:
37:student government booth at a fair, 2007
29:
18:
743:
424:American Student Government Association
355:American Student Government Association
175:federal government of the United States
829:
710:
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361:College/Universities-- $ 1,614,130.57
790:"Student Leader - President for Life"
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456:Gender and Education: An Encyclopedia
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751:"The Berkeley Free Speech Movement"
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217:Many institutions with significant
44:in the United States exist in both
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822:Student Government Resource Center
639:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014.
109:United States Students Association
14:
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810:
595:
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607:Bangs, Christopher (Fall 2018).
576:Bangs, Christopher (Fall 2018).
167:University of Texas at Arlington
101:Florida International University
26:student government meeting, 1942
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527:. Guidestar.org. Archived from
282:Relationship to the Institution
58:student government association.
817:Student Government Conferences
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74:government of the student body
72:. There was one instance of a
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673:"The Shimer College Assembly"
671:Nelson, Adrian (2010-02-08).
439:
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429:Fraternities and sororities
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305:, may be recognized by the
212:
10:
853:
434:The Machine (social group)
254:Chartering and regulating
693:. College of the Atlantic
453:Bank, Barbara J. (2007).
245:trustees/regents/visitors
177:, consisting of distinct
485:cardinal.lib.iastate.edu
35:University of Montevallo
151:College of the Atlantic
128:student activity center
651:"Community Government"
505:"Yale College Council"
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227:University of Oklahoma
170:
38:
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794:www.studentleader.com
711:Meehan, Mary (1966).
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256:student organizations
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78:Iowa State University
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22:
339:Free Speech Movement
86:Yale College Council
691:"Governance at COA"
223:University of Texas
199:presidential system
66:associated students
54:Student Government,
42:Student governments
653:. Marlboro College
397:In popular culture
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24:Junior high school
633:"student union".
307:state legislature
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143:Marlboro College
124:American English
90:Student Council.
60:Other names are
50:higher education
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122:". However, in
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70:students' union
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811:External links
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771:. April 2015
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622:(1): 53–56.
554:sga.fiu.edu
343:UC Berkeley
183:legislative
799:2021-06-20
775:2021-06-20
736:2018-06-10
697:2015-01-20
657:2015-01-20
559:2021-04-08
535:2015-01-20
510:2015-01-20
490:2022-11-03
440:References
319:Chancellor
195:referendum
157:Structures
323:President
179:executive
46:secondary
831:Category
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413:See also
296:Visitors
288:Trustees
219:graduate
213:Examples
187:judicial
292:Regents
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185:, and
169:, 1972
149:, and
612:(PDF)
581:(PDF)
347:SLATE
303:State
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