Still life - Knowledge

1976: 2465: 2633: 1818: 1770: 660: 398:' portrait of a bride and groom visiting a goldsmith is a typical example of a transitional still life depicting both religious and secular content. Though mostly allegorical in message, the figures of the couple are realistic and the objects shown (coins, vessels, etc.) are accurately painted but the goldsmith is actually a depiction of St. Eligius and the objects heavily symbolic. Another similar type of painting is the family portrait combining figures with a well-set table of food, which symbolizes both the piety of the human subjects and their thanks for God's abundance. Around this time, simple still-life depictions divorced of figures (but not allegorical meaning) were beginning to be painted on the outside of shutters of private devotional paintings. Another step toward the autonomous still life was the painting of symbolic flowers in vases on the back of secular portraits around 1475. Jacopo de' Barbari went a step further with his 1453: 1908: 1286: 417: 1267: 812: 45: 465: 1119: 1241: 1215: 3041: 744: 1796: 721: 2533: 2559: 2582: 1409: 2301: 1468: 2070: 1491: 2364: 2386: 1070: 826: 1383: 2443: 1877:'s work was devoted to the language of still life as it had been developed in the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During these centuries, the genre of still life was placed lowest on the hierarchical ladder. Vallayer-Coster had a way about her paintings that resulted in their attractiveness. It was the "bold, decorative lines of her compositions, the richness of her colours and simulated textures, and the feats of illusionism she achieved in depicting wide variety of objects, both natural and artificial" which drew in the attention of the Royal Académie and the numerous collectors who purchased her paintings. This interaction between art and nature was quite common in 1305: 2320: 2126: 700: 292: 2405: 3111: 2021: 2514: 1034: 437: 2951: 1927: 486: 2225:(1871), with its bright orange background. With Impressionist still life, allegorical and mythological content is completely absent, as is meticulously detailed brushwork. Impressionists instead focused on experimentation in broad, dabbing brush strokes, tonal values, and colour placement. The Impressionists and Post-Impressionists were inspired by nature's colour schemes but reinterpreted nature with their own colour harmonies, which sometimes proved startlingly unnaturalistic. As Gauguin stated, "Colours have their own meanings." Variations in perspective are also tried, such as using tight cropping and high angles, as with 3092: 1573:, was austere. It differed from Dutch still life, which often contained rich banquets surrounded by ornate and luxurious items of fabric or glass. The game in Spanish paintings is often plain dead animals still waiting to be skinned. The fruits and vegetables are uncooked. The backgrounds are bleak or plain wood geometric blocks, often creating a surrealist air. Even while both Dutch and Spanish still life often had an embedded moral purpose, the austerity, which some find akin to the bleakness of some of the Spanish plateaus, appears to reject the sensual pleasures, plenitude, and luxury of Dutch still-life paintings. 1577: 2424: 1357: 1715: 1331: 1953: 1100: 2342: 2488: 2997: 679: 607: 2044: 1138: 160: 172: 1995: 3019: 1428: 2100: 942:. These two views of flowers—as aesthetic objects and as religious symbols— merged to create a very strong market for this type of still life. Still life, like most Dutch art work, was generally sold in open markets or by dealers, or by artists at their studios, and rarely commissioned; therefore, artists usually chose the subject matter and arrangement. So popular was this type of still-life painting, that much of the technique of Dutch flower painting was codified in the 1740 treatise 3070: 1741: 511: 2978: 7241: 561:(1568), with its realistic depiction of raw meats dominating the foreground, while a background scene conveys the dangers of drunkenness and lechery. The type of very large kitchen or market scene developed by Pieter Aertsen and his nephew Joachim Beuckelaer typically depicts an abundance of food with a kitchenware still life and burly Flemish kitchen-maids. A small religious scene can often be made out in the distance, or a theme such as the 3146: 1606: 4147: 326:, still life in Western art remained primarily an adjunct to Christian religious subjects, and convened religious and allegorical meaning. This was particularly true in the work of Northern European artists, whose fascination with highly detailed optical realism and symbolism led them to lavish great attention on their paintings' overall message. Painters like 1635:, "dead nature") was gaining in popularity, it remained historically less respected than the "grand manner" painting of historical, religious, and mythic subjects. On the other hand, successful Italian still-life artists found ample patronage in their day. Furthermore, women painters, few as they were, commonly chose or were restricted to painting still life; 624:

appreciated as individual objects of study apart from any religious or mythological associations. The early science of herbal remedies began at this time as well, which was a practical extension of this new knowledge. In addition, wealthy patrons began to underwrite the collection of animal and mineral specimens, creating extensive

283:, "whose artistry is surpassed by only a very few...He painted barbershops and shoemakers' stalls, donkeys, vegetables, and such, and for that reason came to be called the 'painter of vulgar subjects'; yet these works are altogether delightful, and they were sold at higher prices than the greatest of many other artists." 2243:(1889) is a self-portrait in still-life form, with Van Gogh depicting many items of his personal life, including his pipe, simple food (onions), an inspirational book, and a letter from his brother, all laid out on his table, without his own image present. He also painted his own version of a vanitas painting 1683:(1606) for the cardinal, as well, claiming that he painted it 'fatta tutti del natturel' (made all from nature) and he charged extra for the extra effort. These were among many still-life paintings in the cardinal's collection, in addition to his large collection of curios. Among other Italian still life, 141:, but has been extremely popular with buyers. As well as the independent still-life subject, still-life painting encompasses other types of painting with prominent still-life elements, usually symbolic, and "images that rely on a multitude of still-life elements ostensibly to reproduce a 'slice of life 2713:

found in still life the perfect vehicle for his revolutionary explorations in geometric spatial organization. For Cézanne, still life was a primary means of taking painting away from an illustrative or mimetic function to one demonstrating independently the elements of colour, form, and line, a major

785:

Celui qui fait parfaitement des païsages est au-dessus d'un autre qui ne fait que des fruits, des fleurs ou des coquilles. Celui qui peint des animaux vivants est plus estimable que ceux qui ne représentent que des choses mortes & sans mouvement ; & comme la figure de l'homme est le plus

1847:

painted small and simple assemblies of food and objects in a most subtle style that both built on the Dutch Golden Age masters, and was to be very influential on 19th-century compositions. Dead game subjects continued to be popular, especially for hunting lodges; most specialists also painted live

1190:

specimens in allegorical form, such as the "five senses", "four continents", or "the four seasons", showing a goddess or allegorical figure surrounded by appropriate natural and human-made objects. The popularity of vanitas paintings, and these other forms of still life, soon spread from Holland to

791:

He who produces perfect landscapes is above another who only produces fruit, flowers or seafood. He who paints living animals is more estimable than those who only represent dead things without movement, and as man is the most perfect work of God on the earth, it is also certain that he who becomes

623:

The 16th century witnessed an explosion of interest in the natural world and the creation of lavish botanical encyclopædias recording the discoveries of the New World and Asia. It also prompted the beginning of scientific illustration and the classification of specimens. Natural objects began to be

1896:

closed the doors on Vallayer-Coster's still-life 'era' and opened them to her new style of florals. It has been argued that this was the highlight of her career and what she is best known for. However, it has also been argued that the flower paintings were futile to her career. Nevertheless, this

1698:

In Catholic Italy and Spain, the pure vanitas painting was rare, and there were far fewer still-life specialists. In Southern Europe there is more employment of the soft naturalism of Caravaggio and less emphasis on hyper-realism in comparison with Northern European styles. In France, painters of

1855:

By the 18th century, in many cases, the religious and allegorical connotations of still-life paintings were dropped and kitchen table paintings evolved into calculated depictions of varied colour and form, displaying everyday foods. The French aristocracy employed artists to execute paintings of

953:

had evolved since early Christian days. The most common flowers and their symbolic meanings include: rose (Virgin Mary, transience, Venus, love); lily (Virgin Mary, virginity, female breast, purity of mind or justice); tulip (showiness, nobility); sunflower (faithfulness, divine love, devotion);

3161:

During the 20th and 21st centuries, the notion of the still life has been extended beyond the traditional two dimensional art forms of painting into video art and three dimensional art forms such as sculpture, performance and installation. Some mixed media still-life works employ found objects,

1189:

still life depicted objects associated with a given profession, as with the Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrecht's painting "Painter's Easel with Fruit Piece", which displays all the tools of a painter's craft. Also popular in the first half of the 17th century was the painting of a large assortment of

2746:

works, such as Picasso's oval "Still Life with Chair Caning" (1912). In these works, still-life objects overlap and intermingle, barely maintaining identifiable two-dimensional forms, losing individual surface texture, and merging into the background—achieving goals nearly opposite to those of

2652:

The first four decades of the 20th century formed an exceptional artistic ferment and revolution period. Avant-garde movements rapidly evolved and overlapped in a march towards nonfigurative, total abstraction. The still life and other representational art continued to evolve and adjust until

353:

around 1440, is one of the outstanding examples of this trend, with borders featuring an extraordinary range of objects, including coins and fishing-nets, chosen to complement the text or main image at that particular point. Flemish workshops later in the century took the naturalism of border

234:, including the later familiar motif of a glass bowl of fruit. Decorative mosaics termed "emblema", found in the homes of rich Romans, demonstrated the range of food enjoyed by the upper classes, and also functioned as signs of hospitality and as celebrations of the seasons and of life. 1021:

paintings, in which sumptuous arrangements of fruit and flowers, books, statuettes, vases, coins, jewelry, paintings, musical and scientific instruments, military insignia, fine silver and crystal, were accompanied by symbolic reminders of life's impermanence. Additionally, a skull, an

1769: 106:

by the late 16th century, and has remained significant since then. One advantage of the still-life artform is that it allows an artist much freedom to experiment with the arrangement of elements within a composition of a painting. Still life, as a particular genre, began with

1889:, as well as 17th-century Dutch masters, whose work has been far more highly valued, but what made Vallayer-Coster's style stand out against the other still-life painters was her unique way of coalescing representational illusionism with decorative compositional structures. 1843:, fabrics and carved wood furnishings, so that buyers preferred their paintings to have figures for a contrast. One change was a new enthusiasm among French painters, who now form a large proportion of the most notable artists, while the English remained content to import. 1975: 237:

By the 16th century, food and flowers would again appear as symbols of the seasons and of the five senses. Also starting in Roman times is the tradition of the use of the skull in paintings as a symbol of mortality and earthly remains, often with the accompanying phrase

2609: 2464: 1026:

or pocket watch, a candle burning down or a book with pages turning, would serve as a moralizing message on the ephemerality of sensory pleasures. Often some of the fruits and flowers themselves would be shown starting to spoil or fade to emphasize the same point.

635:

The horticultural explosion was of widespread interest in Europe and artist capitalized on that to produce thousands of still-life paintings. Some regions and courts had particular interests. The depiction of citrus, for example, was a particular passion of the

1521:

is a still-life painting depicting pantry items, such as victuals, game, and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab, and also a painting with one or more figures, but significant still-life elements, typically set in a kitchen or tavern. Starting in the

954:

violet (modesty, reserve, humility); columbine (melancholy); poppy (power, sleep, death). As for insects, the butterfly represents transformation and resurrection while the dragonfly symbolizes transience and the ant hard work and attention to the harvest.

659: 119:. Early still-life paintings, particularly before 1700, often contained religious and allegorical symbolism relating to the objects depicted. Later still-life works are produced with a variety of media and technology, such as found objects, photography, 2177:

started to go into decline by the 1830s, genre and portrait painting became the focus for the Realist and Romantic artistic revolutions. Many of the great artists of that period included still life in their body of work. The still-life paintings of

202:

tombs. It was believed that food objects and other items depicted there would, in the afterlife, become real and available for use by the deceased. Ancient Greek vase paintings also demonstrate great skill in depicting everyday objects and animals.

2690:

reduced the rendering of still-life objects even further to little more than bold, flat outlines filled with bright colours. He also simplified perspective and introduced multi-colour backgrounds. In some of his still-life paintings, such as

379:

and other Northern European artists made it possible to paint everyday objects in this hyper-realistic fashion, owing to the slow drying, mixing, and layering qualities of oil colours. Among the first to break free of religious meaning were

971:("little deception"). In addition to these types of still life, Dutch artists identified and separately developed "kitchen and market" paintings, breakfast and food table still life, vanitas paintings, and allegorical collection paintings. 565:

is added to elevate the subject. This sort of large-scale still life continued to develop in Flemish painting after the separation of the North and South, but is rare in Dutch painting, although other works in this tradition anticipate the

416: 1179:

or "breakfast paintings", represent both a literal presentation of delicacies that the upper class might enjoy and a religious reminder to avoid gluttony. Around 1650 Samuel van Hoogstraten painted one of the first wall-rack pictures,

938:—the continuing Northern tradition of detailed realism and hidden symbols appealed to the growing Dutch middle classes, who were replacing Church and State as the principal patrons of art in the Netherlands. Added to this was the Dutch 720: 2385: 485: 2741:

painted many still-life compositions, often including musical instruments, bringing still life to the forefront of artistic innovation, almost for the first time. Still life was also the subject matter in the first Synthetic Cubist

1214: 640:

court in Florence, Italy. This great diffusion of natural specimens and the burgeoning interest in natural illustration throughout Europe, resulted in the nearly simultaneous creation of modern still-life paintings around 1600.

986:

started creating these pictures which consist of an image (usually devotional) which is encircled by a lush still life wreath. The paintings were collaborations between two specialists: a still life and a figure painter.

2558: 2532: 1907: 1266: 1197:

The Netherlandish production of still lifes was enormous, and they were very widely exported, especially to northern Europe; Britain hardly produced any itself. German still life followed closely the Dutch models;

1010:. They painted still lifes that emphasized abundance by depicting a diversity of objects, fruits, flowers and dead game, often together with living people and animals. The style was soon adopted by artists from the 341:, developing models and technical advances that were used by painters of larger images. There was considerable overlap between the artists making miniatures for manuscripts and those painting panels, especially in 699: 2239:'s "Sunflowers" paintings are some of the best-known 19th-century still-life paintings. Van Gogh uses mostly tones of yellow and rather flat rendering to make a memorable contribution to still-life history. His 3162:

photography, video, and sound, and even spill out from ceiling to floor and fill an entire room in a gallery. Through video, still-life artists have incorporated the viewer into their work. Following from the

1184:

still-life paintings which feature objects tied, tacked or attached in some other fashion to a wall board, a type of still life very popular in the United States in the 19th century. Another variation was the

1118: 876:, a great variety of objects. When the illuminated manuscript was displaced by the printed book, the same skills were later deployed in scientific botanical illustration; the Low Countries led Europe in both 1202:

was a pioneer in pure still life without figures and created the compositional innovation of placing detailed objects in cabinets, cupboards, and display cases, and producing simultaneous multiple views.

1069: 2254:

founded a family of prominent American painters, and as major leader in the American art community, also founded a society for the training of artists and a famous museum of natural curiosities. His son

130:, although in practice they were often painted from dead models. Because of the use of plants and animals as a subject, the still-life category also shares commonalities with zoological and especially 1452: 1382: 1285: 2319: 1033: 2843:'s "Campbell's Soup Cans") is based on still life, but its true subject is most often the commodified image of the commercial product represented rather than the physical still-life object itself. 2442: 2363: 1526:

period, such paintings became popular in Spain in the second quarter of the 17th century. The tradition of still-life painting appears to have started and was far more popular in the contemporary

2162:, Biblical or mythological significance, with still-life subjects relegated to the very lowest order of artistic recognition. Instead of using still life to glorify nature, some artists, such as 2581: 2487: 3040: 2931:

in the 1970s reasserted illusionistic representation, while retaining some of Pop's message of the fusion of object, image, and commercial product. Typical in this regard are the paintings of

1240: 577:

Gradually, religious content diminished in size and placement in this type of painting, though moral lessons continued as sub-contexts. One of the relatively few Italian works in the style,

1691:

is a "kitchen scene" in the Dutch manner, which is both a detailed portrait of a cook and the game birds she is preparing. In a similar manner, one of Rembrandt's rare still-life paintings,

1795: 2289:. Peto specialized in the nostalgic wall-rack painting while Harnett achieved the highest level of hyper-realism in his pictorial celebrations of American life through familiar objects. 786:

parfait ouvrage de Dieu sur la Terre, il est certain aussi que celui qui se rend l'imitateur de Dieu en peignant des figures humaines, est beaucoup plus excellent que tous les autres ...

2950: 1467: 628:. These specimens served as models for painters who sought realism and novelty. Shells, insects, exotic fruits and flowers began to be collected and traded, and new plants such as the 1304: 2404: 2300: 2774:'s still-life paintings, objects appear weightless and float in lightly suggested two-dimensional space, and even mountains are drawn as simple lines. In Italy during this time, 648:

pioneered the Spanish still life with austerely tranquil paintings of vegetables, before entering a monastery in his forties in 1603, after which he painted religious subjects.

2996: 3110: 1926: 1852:

combined superb renderings of the textures of fur and feather with simple backgrounds, often the plain white of a lime-washed larder wall, that showed them off to advantage.

934:

While artists in the North found limited opportunity to produce the religious iconography which had long been their staple—images of religious subjects were forbidden in the

464: 3174:, the notion of the still life has also included digital technology. Computer-generated graphics have potentially increased the techniques available to still-life artists. 151:

painting, which intends to deceive the viewer into thinking the scene is real, is a specialized type of still life, usually showing inanimate and relatively flat objects.

2341: 543:, of the "monumental still life", which were large paintings that included great spreads of still-life material with figures and often animals. This was a development by 436: 2632: 2069: 1952: 337:

In the late Middle Ages, still-life elements, mostly flowers but also animals and sometimes inanimate objects, were painted with increasing realism in the borders of

7083: 2020: 2213:

painters, that technique and colour harmony triumphed over subject matter, and that still life was once again avidly practiced by artists. In his early still life,

1137: 2762:

movement, went in a radically different direction, creating 3-D "ready-made" still-life sculptures. As part of restoring some symbolic meaning to still life, the

1671:–1600) is one of the first examples of pure still life, precisely rendered and set at eye level. Though not overtly symbolic, this painting was owned by Cardinal 1330: 991:

developed the genre further. Originally serving a devotional function, garland paintings became extremely popular and were widely used as decoration of homes.

2202:, using a more traditional technique, was famous for his exquisite flower paintings and made his living almost exclusively painting still life for collectors. 3091: 2190:

convey a strong emotional current, and are less concerned with exactitude and more interested in mood. Though patterned on the earlier still-life subjects of

1175: 5708: 2751:'s still life introduced the use of abundant white space and coloured, sharply defined, overlapping geometrical shapes to produce a more mechanical effect. 1856:

bounteous and extravagant still-life subjects that graced their dining table, also without the moralistic vanitas message of their Dutch predecessors. The

2821:. O'Keeffe's ultra-closeup flower paintings reveal both the physical structure and the emotional subtext of petals and leaves in an unprecedented manner. 1817: 1703:) were influenced by both the Northern and Southern schools, borrowing from the vanitas paintings of the Netherlands and the spare arrangements of Spain. 2513: 946:

by Gerard de Lairesse, which gave wide-ranging advice on colour, arranging, brushwork, preparation of specimens, harmony, composition, perspective, etc.

539:

Though most still lifes after 1600 were relatively small paintings, a crucial stage in the development of the genre was the tradition, mostly centred on

318:

and his pupils, still-life painting was revived in the form of fictional niches on religious wall paintings which depicted everyday objects. Through the

2250:

In the United States during Revolutionary times, American artists trained abroad applied European styles to American portrait painting and still life.

1740: 1408: 1913: 4670: 2423: 3133: 1714: 2866:, returned to Duchamp's three-dimensional representation of everyday household objects to create their own brand of still-life work, as in Johns' 2271:

introduced the American version of the habitat or biotope picture, which placed flowers and birds in simulated outdoor environments. The American

4179: 3018: 1356: 2778:

was the foremost still-life painter, exploring a wide variety of approaches to depicting everyday bottles and kitchen implements. Dutch artist

6585: 678: 549: 6037: 3069: 2835:

severely reduced still life to raw depictions of form and colour, until by the 1950s, total abstraction dominated the art world. However,

2043: 1099: 6071: 773:

and still-life painting did not carry the "gravitas" merited for painting to be considered great. An influential formulation of 1667 by

6578: 1787: 1994: 87:

subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or

2680:, took up Gauguin's harmonic theories and added elements inspired by Japanese woodcuts to their still-life paintings. French artist 1427: 811: 2828:

and other artists created their own brand of Surrealism, featuring native foods and cultural motifs in their still-life paintings.

591:

probably introduced the Antwerp style to Italy in the 1570s. The tradition continued into the next century, with several works by

44: 3494: 2896:

A significant contribution to the development of still-life painting in the 20th century was made by Russian artists, among them

2729:

and focused instead on deconstructing objects into pure geometrical forms and planes. Between 1910 and 1920, Cubist artists like

496: 400: 4104:

Michel, Marianne Roland. "Tapestries on Designs by Anne Vallayer-Coster." The Burlington Magazine 102: 692 (November 1960): i–ii

6860: 5395: 4829: 534: 5798: 4880: 4596: 4151: 4053: 1569:

did become popular, featuring a few objects of food and tableware laid on a table. Still-life painting in Spain, also called

689: 583: 184: 358:

tapestries are another example of the general increasing interest in accurate depictions of plants and animals. The set of

7275: 4440: 2893:, working in one session and in natural light, through which the subject-matter often emerged in a surprising perspective. 2695:, his table of objects is nearly lost amidst the other colourful patterns filling the rest of the room. Other exponents of 520: 5178: 5161: 4562: 4172: 1831:

The 18th century to a large extent continued to refine 17th-century formulae, and levels of production decreased. In the

710: 6147: 4507: 6215: 5066: 3010: 777:, a historiographer, architect and theoretician of French classicism became the classic statement of the theory of the 743: 38: 4535: 557:) introduced the type with a painting that still startles. Another example is "The Butcher Shop" by Aertsen's nephew 6294: 6289: 5134: 4625: 4132: 4116: 4085: 4045: 3980: 3939: 3762: 3691: 3542: 246:

images have been re-interpreted through the last 400 years of art history, starting with Dutch painters around 1600.

4552: 2217:

shows the influence of Fantin-Latour, but is one of the first to break the tradition of the dark background, which

2112: 2108: 1490: 1061: 5300: 222:

Similar still life, more simply decorative in intent, but with realistic perspective, have also been found in the

6720: 6193: 4484: 4400: 2977: 1539: 2191: 2158:

was based primarily on its subject. In the Academic system, the highest form of painting consisted of images of

1932: 1886: 1867: 1844: 6473: 6022: 5881: 5645: 4665: 4501: 4210: 4165: 4099: 825: 998:(Dutch for 'ostentatious still life'). This style of ornate still-life painting was developed in the 1640s in 587:, begins to remove the moral messages, as did other "kitchen and market" still-life paintings of this period. 7270: 5562: 5315: 2805:

and Cubist-derived abstraction. Typical of the American still-life works of this period are the paintings of

2595: 2125: 1039: 261:, who are said to have once competed to create the most lifelike objects, history's earliest descriptions of 6944: 6316: 6157: 5985: 4790: 4702: 4675: 1660: 1502: 873: 861: 615: 346: 342: 7265: 6605: 6306: 4972: 3589: 2646: 134:. However, with visual or fine art, the work is not intended merely to illustrate the subject correctly. 31: 17: 6259: 3194:

includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers.

2886:

into his still lifes as into his other work; while reconnecting to old master traditions, he achieved a

923:

also did so. No surviving flower-pieces by them are known, but many survive by the leading specialists,

7280: 6902: 6518: 6341: 5715: 5329: 5305: 4858: 4817: 4530: 2913: 2641: 2546: 5253: 2839:

in the 1960s and 1970s reversed the trend and created a new form of still life. Much pop art (such as

271:

recorded in ancient Roman times, Greek artists centuries earlier were already advanced in the arts of

6101: 5980: 5936: 5344: 4987: 4955: 4853: 4339: 3211: 2617: 2205:

However, it was not until the final decline of the Academic hierarchy in Europe, and the rise of the

2119: 1870:'s still-life paintings employ a variety of techniques from Dutch-style realism to softer harmonies. 1654:

Many leading Italian artists in other genre, also produced some still-life paintings. In particular,

1644: 802: 291: 6865: 6848: 6503: 6346: 6331: 6142: 6012: 5886: 5678: 5633: 5594: 5535: 5506: 4906: 4247: 4157: 3341: 3032: 2505: 2456: 1801: 819: 806: 726: 444: 360: 6042: 6002: 1580: 957:

Flemish and Dutch artists also branched out and revived the ancient Greek still life tradition of

872:, where the borders often featured elaborate displays of flowers, insects and, in a work like the 856:

while Romance languages (as well as Greek, Polish, Russian and Turkish) tend to use terms meaning

792:

an imitator of God in representing human figures, is much more excellent than all the others ...".

7026: 6363: 6203: 5958: 5567: 5513: 5117: 4960: 4875: 4802: 4741: 3278: 2897: 2859:(1964) portrays not a single family's lunch but an assembly line of standardized American foods. 2282: 2143: 705: 645: 625: 48: 6135: 5953: 5445: 1821: 7244: 7137: 6785: 6735: 6695: 6658: 6558: 6198: 5518: 5496: 5356: 4324: 4070: 3231: 3216: 2832: 2810: 2622: 1310: 1075: 979: 924: 869: 427: 338: 131: 2725:

Adapting Cézanne's shifting of planes and axes, the Cubists subdued the colour palette of the

1576: 6775: 6750: 6715: 6685: 6651: 6573: 6351: 6326: 5941: 5820: 5725: 4284: 4206: 3121: 2251: 2218: 1272: 935: 595:, who mostly sub-contracted the still-life and animal elements to specialist masters such as 491: 5203: 3683: 2718:. Additionally, Cézanne's experiments can be seen as leading directly to the development of 2396:

White Roses, Chrysanthemums in a Vase, Peaches and Grapes on a Table with a White Tablecloth

1624: 6897: 6478: 6247: 6152: 5946: 5876: 5792: 5666: 5469: 5295: 5095: 4785: 4620: 4525: 4459: 4390: 4309: 4299: 4289: 3592:

Seventeenth-century Flemish Garland Paintings: Still Life, Vision, and the Devotional Image

3191: 3179: 3175: 2355: 2268: 2075: 2049: 2000: 1874: 1388: 1291: 1105: 975: 928: 920: 896:, and there were many engraved illustrations for books (often then hand-coloured), such as 258: 2668:, his homage to his friend Van Gogh who had died eleven years earlier. The group known as 126:

The term includes the painting of dead animals, especially game. Live ones are considered

8: 7120: 6705: 6621: 6590: 6468: 6431: 6232: 6118: 5965: 5638: 5324: 5310: 4916: 4839: 4717: 4637: 4615: 2806: 2700: 2391: 2347: 2286: 2230: 2199: 2151: 1958: 1849: 1007: 950: 778: 774: 475: 138: 7199: 6443: 4977: 3722:

edited by Francesco Porzio and directed by Federico Zeri; Review author: John T. Spike.

2677: 2478: 2325: 2233:, a painting which was mocked at the time as a "display of fruit in a bird's-eye view." 2187: 1609: 102:

art, still-life painting emerged as a distinct genre and professional specialization in

7162: 6770: 6710: 6453: 6375: 6311: 6125: 6086: 5929: 5830: 5757: 5584: 5371: 5146: 5020: 4950: 4812: 4807: 4584: 4349: 4314: 3652: 3199: 2210: 1761: 1090: 983: 916: 558: 514: 7220: 6401: 6081: 2273: 1862: 1548: 1494: 1165: 959: 406: 263: 163:

Still life on a 2nd-century mosaic, with fish, poultry, dates and vegetables from the

147: 6890: 6843: 6813: 6673: 6543: 6458: 6448: 6113: 6096: 5970: 5589: 5552: 5523: 5476: 5339: 5285: 5275: 5265: 5156: 4834: 4746: 4736: 4723: 4712: 4375: 4304: 4279: 4235: 4128: 4112: 4095: 4081: 4049: 4041: 3976: 3935: 3758: 3687: 3538: 3150: 2264: 1672: 1418: 1220: 893: 684: 578: 500:(1504), a very early independent still life, perhaps the back or cover for a portrait 381: 272: 120: 108: 5127: 4547: 3676: 3482: 2198:'s still-life paintings are strongly tonal and clearly headed toward Impressionism. 470: 389: 7226: 7172: 7130: 6833: 6626: 6264: 6171: 6049: 5762: 5745: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5611: 5557: 5280: 5225: 5122: 5090: 5061: 4940: 4933: 4928: 4901: 4763: 4758: 4435: 4196: 2968: 2964: 2905: 2844: 2802: 2572: 2236: 2159: 2103: 1775: 1684: 1640: 1636: 1124: 912: 747: 254: 231: 103: 6954: 4127:. Yale University Press Pelican history of art. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3075: 2786:(1937), his updated version of the traditional Dutch table still life. In England 2748: 2470: 2195: 606: 388:

studies of fruit (around 1495) as part of his restless examination of nature, and

159: 7147: 7004: 6979: 6929: 6853: 6678: 6668: 6563: 6548: 6528: 6411: 6321: 6284: 6269: 6017: 5924: 5866: 5688: 5683: 5440: 5409: 5361: 5051: 4982: 4967: 4795: 4773: 4694: 4642: 4632: 4604: 4557: 4540: 4464: 4405: 4395: 4334: 4123: 3061: 3046: 2909: 2890: 2814: 2775: 2654: 2626: 2538: 2519: 2260: 2256: 2183: 2150:, still life began to fall from favor. The Academies taught the doctrine of the " 2130: 1893: 1596: 978:

the genre of garland paintings was developed. Around 1607–1608, Antwerp artists

881: 395: 268: 249:

The popular appreciation of the realism of still-life painting is related in the

208: 171: 58: 5031: 2851:(1972) combines the pure colours of Matisse with the pop iconography of Warhol. 2710: 2704: 2587: 2410: 7209: 7177: 7125: 7073: 7056: 7046: 6974: 6636: 6513: 6483: 6380: 6368: 6242: 6176: 6108: 5975: 5871: 5574: 5270: 5210: 5151: 5015: 4945: 4652: 4574: 4491: 4344: 3183: 3116: 3002: 2921: 2917: 2901: 2879: 2875: 2852: 2755: 2734: 2673: 2636: 2377: 2306: 2179: 2163: 2155: 2135: 2034: 1011: 995: 988: 865: 849: 665: 588: 571: 544: 276: 250: 6790: 4659: 3604: 3187: 2099: 603:. By the second half of the 16th century, the autonomous still life evolved. 84: 7259: 7110: 7078: 6939: 6934: 6917: 6745: 6740: 6725: 6700: 6690: 6641: 6301: 6279: 6210: 6076: 5905: 5808: 5784: 5767: 5735: 5720: 5501: 5491: 5486: 5390: 5139: 5100: 5039: 4865: 4822: 4591: 4520: 4452: 4294: 4272: 4188: 3698: 3097: 2956: 2883: 2818: 2787: 2730: 2687: 2612: 2550: 2369: 2259:

was one of a group of early American still-life artists, which also included

2206: 2174: 2167: 2026: 1981: 1966: 1565:

In Spain there were much fewer patrons for this sort of thing, but a type of

1527: 1473: 1433: 1362: 1003: 905: 897: 841: 829: 766: 596: 567: 423: 199: 88: 6595: 5740: 5402: 219:: "barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects". 7189: 7142: 7098: 7088: 7051: 7021: 6984: 6959: 6949: 6912: 6755: 6538: 6406: 6130: 6059: 5856: 5779: 5530: 5481: 5385: 5366: 5334: 5231: 5171: 5166: 4911: 4731: 4569: 4427: 4410: 4370: 4365: 4319: 4257: 3226: 3167: 3163: 2983: 2936: 2928: 2863: 2779: 2715: 2681: 2661: 2493: 2448: 2429: 2278: 2214: 2147: 1783: 1746: 1720: 1648: 1414: 1199: 1143: 632:(imported to Europe from Turkey), were celebrated in still-life paintings. 376: 372: 364:

is the best-known example, designed in Paris around 1500 and then woven in

327: 295: 223: 176: 164: 7184: 5045: 2771: 1695:

combines a similar sympathetic female portrait with images of game birds.

7105: 7068: 7009: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6823: 6818: 6760: 6663: 6600: 6553: 6493: 6463: 6385: 6227: 6065: 6054: 6027: 5997: 5861: 5835: 5752: 5673: 5661: 5616: 5606: 5601: 5579: 5540: 5376: 5351: 5236: 5198: 5105: 5073: 5025: 4753: 4681: 4474: 4415: 4329: 4267: 4227: 3171: 3154: 2840: 2825: 2564: 2501: 1986:

Roses, Convolvulus, Poppies, and Other Flowers in an Urn on a Stone Ledge

1878: 1676: 1535: 1514: 1458: 1336: 939: 885: 815: 770: 510: 385: 331: 323: 319: 227: 99: 95: 80: 2684:

also painted notable still life during this period, especially flowers.

1675:

and may have been appreciated for both religious and aesthetic reasons.

7152: 6964: 6924: 6870: 6838: 6730: 6568: 6523: 6416: 6222: 6032: 5900: 5621: 5423: 5215: 5056: 4610: 4515: 4479: 4469: 4447: 4262: 4252: 4240: 4192: 3195: 2767: 1655: 1538:(then Flemish and Dutch artists), than it ever was in southern Europe. 610: 449: 355: 127: 1585: 1570: 1518: 1506: 7214: 7204: 7167: 6999: 6989: 6969: 6795: 6765: 6498: 6421: 5840: 5626: 5463: 5220: 4921: 4870: 4768: 4579: 4385: 4356: 3024: 2887: 2798: 2738: 2669: 1840: 1836: 1246: 1023: 280: 204: 4187: 2801:, they began to interpret still-life subjects with a combination of 2707:, further explored pure colour and abstraction in their still life. 7194: 7115: 7063: 6994: 6907: 6828: 6780: 6646: 6631: 6488: 6426: 6358: 6252: 6237: 5911: 5825: 5815: 5803: 5547: 5010: 4707: 4647: 3145: 2932: 2763: 2660:

The century began with several trends taking hold in art. In 1901,

2154:" (or "Hierarchy of Subject Matter"), which held that a painting's 1882: 1631:

Even though Italian still-life painting (in Italian referred to as

1191: 365: 3934:, Barron's Educational Series, Hauppauge, New York, 1998, p. 273, 3483:

Metropolitan Museum of Art Timeline, Still-life painting 1600–1800

911:

Around 1600 flower paintings in oils became something of a craze;

6533: 6336: 6274: 6091: 5990: 5730: 5457: 5290: 4896: 4496: 4380: 3757:, Barron's Educational Series, Hauppauge, New York, 1999, p. 96, 3221: 2836: 2791: 2743: 2726: 2696: 1898: 1558: 1531: 1523: 1018: 999: 889: 600: 554: 540: 350: 243: 216: 180: 5452: 2770:

placed recognizable still-life objects in their dreamscapes. In

1885:

and French still lifes. Her work reveals the clear influence of

1605: 410:

still-life paintings, which contains minimal religious content.

7157: 7016: 6508: 6438: 6007: 5919: 5774: 5005: 4146: 2719: 2333: 1857: 1832: 877: 637: 592: 562: 315: 303: 212: 188: 91:(drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). 2782:, best known for his detailed yet ambiguous graphics, created 1658:

applied his influential form of naturalism to still life. His

1206: 5241: 2608: 2267:, and John Johnston. By the second half of the 19th century, 1860:

love of artifice led to a rise in appreciation in France for

1826:

Still Life with Apples, Grapes, Melons, Bread, Jug and Bottle

629: 524:

in the background (1566), 171 × 250 cm (67.3 × 98.4 in).

192: 2797:

When 20th-century American artists became aware of European

1897:

collection contained floral studies in oil, watercolour and

733:(1591–94), panel, 21 × 30 cm, his only known still life 392:

who also made precise coloured drawings of flora and fauna.

7093: 5895: 3949: 3947: 3863: 3861: 3083: 2759: 2330:

Still Life with Lobster and trophies of hunting and fishing

892:

paintings of flowers and other still-life subjects for the

844:

in the last quarter of the 16th century. The English term

2498:

Still Life with Apples, a Pear, and a Ceramic Portrait Jug

2142:

With the rise of the European Academies, most notably the

1227:, still life elements by a specialist on history painting( 765:

Prominent Academicians of the early 17th century, such as

7084:

Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation

3328: 3326: 2277:

paintings also flourished during this period, created by

211:

as a panel painter of "low" subjects, such as survive in

3944: 3858: 2657:'s drip paintings, eliminated all recognizable content. 37:"Naturaleza muerta" redirects here. For other uses, see 226:

wall paintings and floor mosaics unearthed at Pompeii,

3323: 2653:

mid-century when total abstraction, as exemplified by

1892:

The end of the eighteenth century and the fall of the

864:

had developed highly illusionistic techniques in both

4040:– Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – 448 p. 3833: 3831: 111:

of the 16th and 17th centuries, and the English term

3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 2645:(1916), oil and sand on canvas, 115.9 x 81 cm, 286: 3673: 3202:photorealistic effects without the use of filters. 1393:

Still Life with Fruit, Flowers, Glasses and Lobster

915:painted some works himself, and records that other 840:Still life developed as a separate category in the 711:

Still life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon and Cucumber

3828: 3675: 1835:style floral decoration became far more common on 3803: 3537:, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1995, p. 77, 3316: 3314: 198:Still-life paintings often adorn the interior of 7257: 4038:Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. 1461:the Elder, Dishes with Oysters, Fruit, and Wine 994:A special genre of still life was the so-called 422:Various vessels in the border of an illuminated 53:Still Life with Game Fowl, Vegetables and Fruits 2292: 1920:(1737), Foundation of the Royal Armoury, Sweden 644:At the turn of the century the Spanish painter 4073:The Juilliard Journal Online 18:6 (March 2003) 3605:Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms: Pronkstilleven 3311: 2942: 2794:for his highly detailed still-life paintings. 2754:Rejecting the flattening of space by Cubists, 1129:Still Life Pewter Jug and Two Porcelain Plates 940:mania for horticulture, particularly the tulip 651: 154: 4173: 3678:The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms 1594: 880:and its depiction in art. The Flemish artist 796: 670:A Meat Stall with the Holy Family Giving Alms 550:A Meat Stall with the Holy Family Giving Alms 330:often used still-life elements as part of an 56: 2245:Still Life with Open Bible, Candle, and Book 1251:Still-Life with Two Dead Peacocks and a Girl 404:(1504), among the earliest signed and dated 3819: 1315:Feigned Letter Rack with Writing Implements 1207:Dutch, Flemish, German and French paintings 1194:and Germany, and also to Spain and France. 931:, both active in the Southern Netherlands. 137:Still life occupied the lowest rung of the 4180: 4166: 3975:, Portland House, New York, 1986, p. 643, 1788:Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California 963:, particularly the imitation of nature or 581:'s treatment of the same subject in 1583, 215:versions and provincial wall-paintings at 2475:Carnations and Clematis in a Crystal Vase 1277:Still Life with Pie, Silver Ewer and Crab 619:(1595–96), oil on canvas, 31 × 47 cm 3345:exhibition review, Frick Collection, NYC 3198:have copied or visualised 3D effects to 3144: 2631: 2607: 2124: 2098: 1816: 1604: 1575: 1489: 824: 810: 742: 731:Metal Plate with Peaches and Vine Leaves 672:(1551), 123.3 × 150 cm (48.5 × 59") 605: 509: 290: 170: 158: 43: 4124:Flemish Art and Architecture, 1585–1700 1478:Still-Life with Bread and Confectionery 1017:Especially popular in this period were 497:Still-Life with Partridge and Gauntlets 401:Still Life with Partridge and Gauntlets 14: 7258: 6861:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art 3726:(1991) Volume 133 (1055) page 124–125. 3102:Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre 2722:still life in the early 20th century. 2311:Still Life with Fruit, Bottles, Breads 2170:, chose landscapes to serve that end. 1505:), is one of the earliest examples of 738: 535:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting 4881:Art of the late 16th century in Milan 4161: 3682:. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 2094: 1937:Still Life with Glass Flask and Fruit 1812: 1173:Another type of still life, known as 521:Jesus in the house of Martha and Mary 185:Naples National Archaeological Museum 2603: 2374:Tulips in a Vase, with a Caterpillar 1866:(French: "trick the eye") painting. 1341:Still Life with a Globe and a Parrot 528: 505: 4094:, 2001, National Gallery (London), 4080:, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1998, 3267:Langmuir, 13–14 and preceding pages 2567:(1834–1919), an American Civil War 834:Still life with Musical Instruments 714:, oil on canvas, 69 × 84.5 cm 310:is filled with religious symbolism. 72: 24: 6216:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism 5067:Neoclassical architecture in Milan 3011:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 2824:In Mexico, starting in the 1930s, 1706: 1610:Josefa de Ayala (Josefa de Óbidos) 1485: 302:(1480), Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 39:Naturaleza muerta (disambiguation) 25: 7292: 6290:American Figurative Expressionism 4626:International Gothic art in Italy 4139: 2862:The Neo-dada movement, including 2453:Still-Life with Apples and Grapes 611:Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio 306:. According to some scholars the 287:Middle Ages and Early Renaissance 7240: 7239: 5799:Neue Künstlervereinigung München 4145: 3595:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012 3190:still life images. For example, 3109: 3090: 3068: 3039: 3017: 2995: 2976: 2949: 2580: 2557: 2531: 2512: 2486: 2463: 2441: 2422: 2403: 2384: 2362: 2340: 2318: 2299: 2068: 2042: 2019: 1993: 1974: 1951: 1925: 1906: 1806:Still Life of Fish and Shellfish 1794: 1768: 1739: 1713: 1466: 1451: 1426: 1407: 1381: 1355: 1329: 1303: 1284: 1265: 1239: 1213: 1136: 1117: 1098: 1068: 1062:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1032: 936:Dutch Reformed Protestant Church 719: 698: 677: 658: 484: 463: 435: 415: 6721:Tunisian collaborative painting 6194:International Typographic Style 4111:, Yale University Press, 1995, 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3985: 3965: 3956: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3849: 3840: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3713: 3704: 3667: 3658: 3645: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3598: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3535:Dutch Flower Painting 1600–1720 3527: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3335: 3140: 2417:(1869–1871), private collection 2223:Still Life with Bouquet and Fan 1780:Still Life with Bowl of Citrons 354:elements even further. Gothic 279:and still life. He singled out 242:(Death makes all equal). These 175:Glass bowl of fruit and vases. 6474:The Caribbean Artists Movement 3973:The Illustrated Library of Art 3302: 3293: 3284: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 1693:Little Girl with Dead Peacocks 123:, as well as video and sound. 13: 1: 4830:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance 4062: 3642:Ebert-Schifferer, pp. 180–181 3186:effects are used to generate 3126: 3054: 2849:Still Life with Goldfish Bowl 2596:Courtauld Institute Galleries 2241:Still Life with Drawing Board 2146:which held a central role in 2083: 2057: 2008: 1940: 1754: 1728: 1665: 1617: 1437: 1396: 1366: 1344: 1318: 1254: 1228: 1225:Diana Returning from the Hunt 1158: 1147: 1083: 1054: 1043: 1040:Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts 755: 453: 6945:Modern European ink painting 6317:Bay Area Figurative Movement 3674:Lucie-Smith, Edward (1984). 3419:Slive, 275; Vlieghe, 211–216 2882:, integrated the lessons of 2293:Nineteenth-century paintings 2115:Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers 1933:Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin 1887:Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin 1591:Still Life with Pottery Jars 1503:National Gallery of Scotland 874:Hours of Catherine of Cleves 862:Early Netherlandish painting 818:(1619–1693), oil on canvas, 347:Hours of Catherine of Cleves 343:Early Netherlandish painting 115:derives from the Dutch word 7: 7276:Art of the Dutch Golden Age 6606:Artificial intelligence art 4076:Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille. 4018:Ebert-Schifferer, pp. 382–3 3921:Ebert-Schifferer, pp. 323–4 3485:. Retrieved March 14, 2010. 3455:Ebert-Schifferer, pp. 54–56 3383:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 39, 53 3347:. Retrieved March 15, 2010. 3205: 2943:Twentieth-century paintings 2647:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 2543:Still life violin and music 2378:Norfolk Museums Collections 1782:(1640), tempera on vellum, 1002:by Flemish artists such as 652:Sixteenth-century paintings 155:Antecedents and development 32:Still Life (disambiguation) 10: 7297: 6519:Post-painterly abstraction 6342:Situationist International 5716:Pennsylvania Impressionism 4027:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 384-6 3524:Slive, 279, Vlieghe, 206-7 3080:Still Life with a Beer Mug 2666:Still Life with Sunflowers 2642:Fruit and a Jug on a Table 2547:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2227:Fruit Displayed on a Stand 2080:The Attributes of Painting 2031:Still Life with Silverware 800: 797:Dutch and Flemish painting 532: 36: 29: 7235: 7039: 6804: 6614: 6394: 6186: 6170: 6102:California Scene Painting 5981:California Scene Painting 5937:Figurative Constructivism 5849: 5654: 5433: 5422: 5252: 5189: 5082: 4998: 4988:Poussinists and Rubenists 4889: 4693: 4426: 4226: 4217: 4204: 4109:Dutch Painting, 1600–1800 3720:La natura morta in Italia 3212:Dutch Golden Age painting 2927:By contrast, the rise of 2817:, and the photographs of 2758:and other members of the 2693:Still Life with Eggplants 2618:Still Life with Geraniums 2120:National Gallery (London) 1645:Maria Theresa van Thielen 803:Dutch Golden Age painting 7200:Prehistoric European art 6849:Contemporary African art 6332:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai 6260:Generación de la Ruptura 5887:Universal Constructivism 5679:California Impressionism 5634:American Barbizon school 4009:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 387 3962:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 338 3953:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 311 3912:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 321 3903:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 272 3894:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 267 3885:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 260 3876:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 310 3867:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 318 3855:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 299 3846:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 287 3791:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 229 3782:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 173 3633:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 170 3624:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 164 3237: 3149:A completely synthetic, 3033:Museo Thyssen Bornemisza 2747:traditional still life. 2506:Cambridge, Massachusetts 2457:Art Institute of Chicago 1802:Giacomo Francesco Cipper 1751:Maiolica Basket of Fruit 1542:had many subgenres; the 1445:Still Life with Salt Tub 1155:Le Dessert de gaufrettes 820:The J. Paul Getty Museum 807:Flemish Baroque painting 727:Giovanni Ambrogio Figino 445:The Lady and the Unicorn 361:The Lady and the Unicorn 7027:Walking Artists Network 6364:Letterist International 6204:Washington Color School 5118:Arts in the Philippines 3744:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 84 3735:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 82 3724:The Burlington Magazine 3710:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 71 3615:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 90 3580:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 93 3473:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 75 3464:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 64 3437:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 47 3428:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 45 3410:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 34 3401:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 31 3392:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 41 3374:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 26 3365:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 27 3332:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 15 3320:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 16 3308:Ebert-Schifferer, p.137 3290:Ebert-Schifferer, p. 19 2831:Starting in the 1930s, 2571:composition, here in a 2283:William Michael Harnett 2054:Still Life With Lobster 2005:The Attributes of Music 870:illuminated manuscripts 626:cabinets of curiosities 430:, Flemish artist, 1470s 339:illuminated manuscripts 314:By 1300, starting with 7138:Illuminated manuscript 6786:The Designers Republic 6736:Neue Slowenische Kunst 6659:Pattern and Decoration 6559:Institutional critique 6199:Abstract expressionism 5179:Latin American Baroque 5135:Colonial Asian Baroque 4121:Vlieghe, Hans (1998). 3446:Ebert-Schifferer, p.38 3356:Ebert-Schifferer, p.25 3299:Ebert-Schifferer, p.22 3232:Still life photography 3217:List of Dutch painters 3158: 3007:Violin and Candlestick 2833:abstract expressionism 2649: 2629: 2623:Pinakothek der Moderne 2592:Still Life with Cherub 2415:The Black Marble Clock 2352:Yellow Roses in a Vase 2139: 2122: 1828: 1651:are notable examples. 1628: 1602: 1595: 1510: 1311:Samuel van Hoogstraten 1076:Jan Philip van Thielen 980:Jan Brueghel the Elder 925:Jan Brueghel the Elder 837: 822: 794: 788: 762: 620: 525: 311: 195: 168: 132:botanical illustration 109:Netherlandish painting 64: 57: 6776:Artist-run initiative 6751:Young British Artists 6716:New European Painting 6652:Moscow Conceptualists 6574:Feminist art movement 6352:Ukrainian underground 6327:Gutai Art Association 5726:Ten American Painters 5230:Western influence in 4207:List of art movements 4078:Still Life: A History 3153:still life, 2006 (by 3148: 3122:Fruit Bowl on a Table 2784:Still life and Street 2635: 2611: 2252:Charles Willson Peale 2219:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 2128: 2102: 1868:Jean-Baptiste Chardin 1845:Jean-Baptiste Chardin 1820: 1608: 1581:Francisco de Zurbarán 1579: 1546:was augmented by the 1499:Old Woman Frying Eggs 1493: 1296:Still-Life of Flowers 1273:Willem Claeszoon Heda 828: 814: 801:Further information: 789: 783: 781:for the 18th century: 746: 609: 513: 294: 174: 162: 47: 7271:Still life paintings 6586:Saqqakhaneh movement 6479:Chicano art movement 6347:Soviet Nonconformist 6153:Boston Expressionism 6136:Abstraction-Création 5954:Arbeitsrat für Kunst 5947:Cologne Progressives 5667:Art Nouveau in Milan 5470:Anglo-Japanese style 5446:National romanticism 4876:Fontainebleau School 4786:Northern Renaissance 4621:International Gothic 4154:at Wikimedia Commons 4152:Still-life paintings 3930:Stefano Zuffi, Ed., 3753:Stefano Zuffi, Ed., 3192:graphic art software 3180:2D computer graphics 3176:3D computer graphics 2356:Dallas Museum of Art 2269:Martin Johnson Heade 2076:Anne Vallayer-Coster 2050:Anne Vallayer-Coster 2001:Anne Vallayer-Coster 1965:(1753), stolen from 1875:Anne Vallayer-Coster 1540:Northern still lifes 1389:Jan Davidsz. de Heem 1292:Ambrosius Bosschaert 1106:Maria van Oosterwijk 1093:, Cambridge, England 976:Southern Netherlands 967:, which they termed 951:symbolism of flowers 929:Ambrosius Bosschaert 921:Cornelis van Haarlem 519:Kitchen scene, with 94:With origins in the 30:For other uses, see 7121:Hierarchy of genres 6686:Saint Soleil School 6622:Post-conceptual art 6591:The Stars Art Group 6469:Black Arts Movement 6432:Neo-Dada Organizers 6233:Lyrical abstraction 5966:Australian tonalism 5639:California Tonalism 5311:Hudson River School 5114:Colonial Asian art 4854:English Renaissance 4803:Ghent–Bruges school 4791:Early Netherlandish 4703:Italian Renaissance 4616:Gothic art in Milan 3991:David Piper, p. 635 2701:Maurice de Vlaminck 2392:Henri Fantin-Latour 2348:Gustave Caillebotte 2287:John Frederick Peto 2231:Gustave Caillebotte 2200:Henri Fantin-Latour 2152:Hierarchy of genres 1959:Jean-Baptiste Oudry 1850:Jean-Baptiste Oudry 1681:Large Milan Bouquet 1627:, Municipal Library 1008:Adriaen van Utrecht 944:Groot Schilderboeck 779:hierarchy of genres 750:(Jacopo Chimenti), 739:Seventeenth century 476:Great Piece of Turf 428:Engelbert of Nassau 371:The development of 349:, probably made in 139:hierarchy of genres 7266:Visual arts genres 7163:Landscape painting 6771:New Leipzig School 6711:Neo-conceptual art 6459:Art & Language 6454:Capitalist realism 6376:Florida Highwaymen 6312:Hard-edge painting 6126:Streamline Moderne 6087:Harlem Renaissance 5930:Novecento Italiano 5758:Deutscher Werkbund 5585:Post-Impressionism 5147:Latin American art 4951:Guild of Romanists 4813:German Renaissance 4808:Northern Mannerism 4036:Sergei V. Ivanov, 3837:Michel 1960, p. ii 3800:Zuffi, p. 288, 298 3653:Juan van der Hamen 3495:Books.google.co.uk 3343:Memlings Portraits 3159: 3151:computer generated 2878:, who began as an 2650: 2630: 2434:Lilacs in a Window 2211:Post-Impressionist 2144:Académie française 2140: 2123: 2095:Nineteenth century 1829: 1813:Eighteenth century 1762:private collection 1629: 1603: 1511: 1110:Vanitas-Still Life 1091:Fitzwilliam Museum 984:Hendrick van Balen 917:Northern Mannerist 838: 823: 763: 706:Juan Sánchez Cotán 646:Juan Sánchez Cotán 621: 559:Joachim Beuckelaer 526: 515:Joachim Beuckelaer 492:Jacopo de' Barbari 312: 196: 169: 65: 49:Juan Sánchez Cotán 7281:Netherlandish art 7253: 7252: 7035: 7034: 6891:Corporate Memphis 6844:Classical Realism 6814:Amazonian pop art 6706:Appropriation art 6674:Neo-expressionism 6544:Environmental art 6449:Nouvelle tendance 6166: 6165: 6114:Socialist realism 5971:Dresden Secession 5590:Neo-Impressionism 5553:Decadent movement 5524:Heidelberg School 5418: 5417: 5316:American luminism 5301:Düsseldorf School 5296:Shoreham Ancients 5286:Nazarene movement 5276:Danish Golden Age 5157:Indochristian art 4835:Antwerp Mannerism 4724:Pittura infamante 4718:Florentine School 4713:Proto-Renaissance 4150:Media related to 4090:Langmuir, Erica, 4054:978-5-901724-21-7 3816:Michel 1960, p. i 3571:Taylor, pp. 56–76 3276:Book XXXV.112 of 2604:Twentieth century 2265:Charles Bird King 2221:also discards in 1848:animal subjects. 1673:Federico Borromeo 1419:Skokloster Castle 1221:Peter Paul Rubens 894:Emperor Rudolf II 884:(1542–1601) made 848:derives from the 685:Annibale Carracci 579:Annibale Carracci 529:Sixteenth century 506:Later Renaissance 442:Detail of one of 382:Leonardo da Vinci 273:portrait painting 240:Omnia mors aequat 179:wall painting in 121:computer graphics 83:depicting mostly 16:(Redirected from 7288: 7243: 7242: 7227:Western painting 7173:Modern sculpture 7131:History painting 6834:Art intervention 6627:Installation art 6444:Nouveau réalisme 6184: 6183: 6158:Leningrad School 6050:Mexican muralism 6023:Grosvenor School 5763:American Realism 5746:Der Blaue Reiter 5704:Berlin Secession 5699:Vienna Secession 5694:Munich Secession 5612:Pont-Aven School 5431: 5430: 5281:Troubadour style 5259:(c. 1770 – 1862) 5226:Qing handicrafts 5192:Western elements 5123:Letras y figuras 5096:African-American 5091:African diaspora 5062:Directoire style 4973:Heptanese school 4956:Dutch Golden Age 4941:Stroganov School 4934:Lutheran Baroque 4929:Louis XIII style 4902:Baroque in Milan 4764:Bolognese School 4759:High Renaissance 4742:Forlivese School 4737:Ferrarese School 4460:Migration Period 4224: 4223: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4107:Slive, Seymour, 4057: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3942: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3755:Baroque Painting 3751: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3702: 3697: 3681: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3321: 3318: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3131: 3128: 3113: 3094: 3072: 3059: 3056: 3043: 3021: 2999: 2980: 2965:Hermitage Museum 2961:Dishes and Fruit 2953: 2906:Evgenia Antipova 2845:Roy Lichtenstein 2807:Georgia O'Keeffe 2803:American realism 2678:Édouard Vuillard 2584: 2573:chromolithograph 2561: 2535: 2516: 2490: 2467: 2445: 2426: 2407: 2388: 2366: 2344: 2326:Eugène Delacroix 2322: 2303: 2237:Vincent van Gogh 2188:Eugène Delacroix 2104:Vincent van Gogh 2088: 2085: 2072: 2062: 2059: 2046: 2023: 2013: 2010: 1997: 1978: 1955: 1945: 1942: 1929: 1910: 1798: 1776:Giovanna Garzoni 1772: 1759: 1756: 1743: 1733: 1730: 1725:Apples in a Dish 1717: 1685:Bernardo Strozzi 1670: 1667: 1641:Laura Bernasconi 1637:Giovanna Garzoni 1622: 1619: 1600: 1470: 1455: 1442: 1439: 1430: 1411: 1401: 1398: 1385: 1371: 1368: 1359: 1349: 1346: 1333: 1323: 1320: 1307: 1288: 1269: 1259: 1256: 1243: 1233: 1230: 1217: 1163: 1160: 1152: 1149: 1140: 1125:Jan Jansz. Treck 1121: 1102: 1088: 1085: 1072: 1059: 1056: 1048: 1045: 1036: 974:In the Catholic 919:artists such as 913:Karel van Mander 760: 757: 748:Jacopo da Empoli 723: 702: 681: 662: 488: 467: 458: 455: 439: 419: 232:Villa Boscoreale 207:is mentioned by 200:ancient Egyptian 183:(around 70 AD), 144: 104:Western painting 74: 62: 27:Type of painting 21: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7249: 7231: 7148:Interactive art 7031: 7005:SoFlo Superflat 6930:Kitsch movement 6854:Africanfuturism 6806: 6800: 6679:Transavantgarde 6610: 6564:Light and Space 6549:Performance art 6529:Psychedelic art 6412:Nueva Presencia 6402:Otra Figuración 6390: 6322:Les Plasticiens 6307:New York School 6285:Action painting 6270:Metcalf Chateau 6179: 6174: 6162: 6082:Cercle et Carré 6018:New Objectivity 5925:Return to order 5867:School of Paris 5845: 5689:School of Paris 5650: 5536:Arts and Crafts 5441:Neo-romanticism 5426: 5414: 5410:Etching revival 5362:Barbizon school 5306:Pre-Raphaelites 5258: 5255: 5248: 5191: 5185: 5078: 5052:Louis XVI style 4994: 4983:Louis XIV style 4946:Animal painting 4907:Flemish Baroque 4885: 4796:World landscape 4747:Venetian School 4689: 4676:Majorcan school 4643:Novgorod School 4633:Lucchese School 4605:Opus Anglicanum 4597:Norman-Sicilian 4541:Italo-Byzantine 4441:Early Christian 4422: 4406:Pompeian Styles 4219: 4213: 4200: 4186: 4142: 4137: 4071:“Focus on Art”. 4069:Berman, Greta. 4065: 4060: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3945: 3932:Modern Painting 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3694: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3599: 3590:Susan Merriam, 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3279:Natural History 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258:Langmuir, 13–14 3257: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3208: 3200:manually render 3143: 3136: 3134:MAMC Strasbourg 3129: 3114: 3105: 3095: 3086: 3073: 3064: 3062:Brooklyn Museum 3057: 3051:Handsome Drinks 3047:Marsden Hartley 3044: 3035: 3022: 3013: 3000: 2991: 2981: 2972: 2954: 2945: 2914:Sergei Zakharov 2910:Gevork Kotiantz 2815:Marsden Hartley 2776:Giorgio Morandi 2655:Jackson Pollock 2627:Munich, Germany 2606: 2599: 2585: 2576: 2562: 2553: 2539:William Harnett 2536: 2527: 2520:William Harnett 2517: 2508: 2491: 2482: 2468: 2459: 2446: 2437: 2432:, (1844–1926), 2427: 2418: 2408: 2399: 2394:, (1836–1904), 2389: 2380: 2367: 2358: 2350:, (1848–1894), 2345: 2336: 2323: 2314: 2304: 2295: 2261:John F. Francis 2257:Raphaelle Peale 2184:Gustave Courbet 2131:Mound of Butter 2097: 2090: 2086: 2073: 2064: 2060: 2047: 2038: 2024: 2015: 2011: 1998: 1989: 1979: 1970: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1930: 1921: 1914:Carl Hofverberg 1911: 1894:French monarchy 1815: 1808: 1799: 1790: 1773: 1764: 1757: 1749:, (1578–1630), 1744: 1735: 1731: 1718: 1709: 1707:Italian gallery 1668: 1661:Basket of Fruit 1620: 1597:Museo del Prado 1567:breakfast piece 1544:breakfast piece 1495:Diego Velázquez 1488: 1486:Southern Europe 1481: 1471: 1462: 1456: 1447: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1412: 1403: 1399: 1386: 1377: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1347: 1334: 1325: 1321: 1308: 1299: 1289: 1280: 1270: 1261: 1257: 1244: 1235: 1231: 1218: 1209: 1169: 1166:Musée du Louvre 1161: 1150: 1141: 1132: 1122: 1113: 1103: 1094: 1086: 1080:Vase of Flowers 1073: 1064: 1057: 1046: 1037: 904:, published by 882:Joris Hoefnagel 860:. 15th-century 809: 799: 758: 741: 734: 724: 715: 703: 694: 682: 673: 663: 654: 537: 531: 508: 501: 489: 480: 468: 459: 456: 440: 431: 420: 396:Petrus Christus 308:Vase of Flowers 300:Vase of Flowers 289: 269:Pliny the Elder 209:Pliny the Elder 157: 142: 59:Museo del Prado 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7294: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7178:Late modernism 7175: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7126:Genre painting 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7076: 7074:Ballets Russes 7071: 7066: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7057:Asemic writing 7049: 7047:History of art 7043: 7041: 7040:Related topics 7037: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6975:Relational art 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6898:Hypermodernism 6895: 6894: 6893: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6644: 6639: 6637:Postminimalism 6634: 6629: 6624: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6514:Generative art 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6484:Conceptual art 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6381:Cybernetic art 6378: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6369:Ultra-Lettrist 6366: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6243:Arte Informale 6240: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6196: 6190: 6188: 6181: 6180:(1945–present) 6168: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6109:Heroic realism 6106: 6105: 6104: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6043:Latin American 6040: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6013:Group of Seven 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5983: 5978: 5976:Social realism 5973: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5959:November Group 5951: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5922: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5882:Latin American 5877:Constructivism 5874: 5872:Crystal Cubism 5869: 5864: 5859: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5801: 5796: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5582: 5577: 5575:Volcano School 5572: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5437: 5435: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5369: 5364: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5337: 5332: 5330:Norwich School 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5271:Fairy painting 5262: 5260: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5162:Chilote School 5154: 5152:Casta painting 5144: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5128:Tipos del País 5125: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5098: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5016:Louis XV style 5013: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4909: 4904: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4818:Cologne School 4810: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4671:Italian school 4662: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4653:Sienese School 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4608: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4563:Pre-Romanesque 4560: 4555: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4499: 4494: 4492:Donor portrait 4489: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4457: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4432: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4401:Julio-Claudian 4398: 4393: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4350:Greco-Buddhist 4342: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4290:Protogeometric 4287: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4232: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4141: 4140:External links 4138: 4136: 4135: 4119: 4105: 4102: 4088: 4074: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3964: 3955: 3943: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3827: 3818: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3712: 3703: 3692: 3666: 3657: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3597: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3562:Taylor, p. 197 3555: 3553:Taylor, p. 129 3546: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3334: 3322: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3196:Visual artists 3184:photorealistic 3142: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3117:Pierre Bonnard 3115: 3108: 3106: 3096: 3089: 3087: 3074: 3067: 3065: 3045: 3038: 3036: 3023: 3016: 3014: 3003:Georges Braque 3001: 2994: 2992: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2969:St. Petersburg 2955: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2924:, and others. 2922:Maya Kopitseva 2918:Taisia Afonina 2902:Victor Teterin 2880:abstractionist 2876:Avigdor Arikha 2868:Painted Bronze 2853:Wayne Thiebaud 2756:Marcel Duchamp 2735:Georges Braque 2674:Pierre Bonnard 2637:Jean Metzinger 2605: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2586: 2579: 2577: 2563: 2556: 2554: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2524:After the Hunt 2518: 2511: 2509: 2492: 2485: 2483: 2469: 2462: 2460: 2447: 2440: 2438: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2409: 2402: 2400: 2390: 2383: 2381: 2368: 2361: 2359: 2346: 2339: 2337: 2324: 2317: 2315: 2307:Francisco Goya 2305: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2180:Francisco Goya 2164:John Constable 2156:artistic merit 2136:Antoine Vollon 2096: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2048: 2041: 2039: 2035:Pronkstilleven 2025: 2018: 2016: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1963:The White Duck 1957: 1950: 1948: 1931: 1924: 1922: 1912: 1905: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1800: 1793: 1791: 1774: 1767: 1765: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1719: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1554:flower bouquet 1487: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1472: 1465: 1463: 1457: 1450: 1448: 1432: 1425: 1423: 1413: 1406: 1404: 1387: 1380: 1378: 1361: 1354: 1352: 1335: 1328: 1326: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1271: 1264: 1262: 1245: 1238: 1236: 1219: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1171: 1170: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1104: 1097: 1095: 1074: 1067: 1065: 1038: 1031: 1012:Dutch Republic 996:pronkstilleven 989:Daniel Seghers 866:panel painting 798: 795: 775:André Félibien 740: 737: 736: 735: 725: 718: 716: 704: 697: 695: 690:Butcher's Shop 683: 676: 674: 666:Pieter Aertsen 664: 657: 653: 650: 599:and his pupil 589:Vincenzo Campi 584:Butcher's Shop 572:genre painting 545:Pieter Aertsen 530: 527: 507: 504: 503: 502: 490: 483: 481: 471:Albrecht Dürer 469: 462: 460: 441: 434: 432: 421: 414: 390:Albrecht Dürer 384:, who created 288: 285: 277:genre painting 156: 153: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7293: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7246: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111:Fantastic art 7109: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7079:Christian art 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6980:Skeuomorphism 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6940:Massurrealism 6938: 6936: 6935:Lightpainting 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6918:Post-Internet 6916: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6791:Grunge design 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6746:Retrofuturism 6744: 6742: 6741:Scratch video 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6726:Memphis Group 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6701:Telematic art 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6691:Guerrilla art 6689: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:Endurance art 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6302:New media art 6300: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6280:Nanyang Style 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6211:Visionary art 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6077:Scuola Romana 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6003:Anthropophagy 6001: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5986:Functionalism 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5906:Neoplasticism 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5809:Cubo-Futurism 5807: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5773: 5769: 5768:Ashcan School 5766: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5736:Expressionism 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721:Mir iskusstva 5719: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5507:Boston School 5505: 5503: 5502:Hoosier Group 5500: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5492:Impressionism 5490: 5488: 5487:Peredvizhniki 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:Beuron School 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5391:Munich School 5389: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5190:Art borrowing 5188: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5140:Company style 5138: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5040:Neoclassicism 5038: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4866:Cretan School 4864: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4828: 4824: 4823:Danube school 4821: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4300:Orientalizing 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4285:Sub-Mycenaean 4283: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4199:art movements 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4134: 4133:0-300-07038-1 4130: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4117:0-300-07451-4 4114: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4086:0-8109-4190-2 4083: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046:5-901724-21-6 4043: 4039: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 4000:Piper, p. 639 3997: 3988: 3982: 3981:0-517-62336-6 3978: 3974: 3971:David Piper, 3968: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3941: 3940:0-7641-5119-3 3937: 3933: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3862: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3832: 3822: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3797: 3788: 3779: 3773:Zuffi, p. 175 3770: 3764: 3763:0-7641-5214-9 3760: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3693:9780500233894 3689: 3685: 3680: 3679: 3670: 3664:Zuffi, p. 260 3661: 3654: 3648: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3550: 3544: 3543:0-300-05390-8 3540: 3536: 3533:Paul Taylor, 3530: 3521: 3512: 3506:Slive 277–279 3503: 3497:, translation 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3135: 3124: 3123: 3119:(1867–1947), 3118: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3098:Pablo Picasso 3093: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078:(1881–1955), 3077: 3076:Fernand Léger 3071: 3066: 3063: 3052: 3049:(1877–1943), 3048: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3027:(1887–1927), 3026: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3005:(1882–1963), 3004: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2986:(1840–1916), 2985: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2959:(1869–1954), 2958: 2957:Henri Matisse 2952: 2947: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898:Sergei Ocipov 2894: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2884:Piet Mondrian 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2819:Edward Weston 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2788:Eliot Hodgkin 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2749:Fernand Léger 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731:Pablo Picasso 2728: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2714:step towards 2712: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2688:Henri Matisse 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2613:Henri Matisse 2610: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2551:New York City 2548: 2544: 2541:(1848–1892), 2540: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2522:(1848–1892), 2521: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2479:Musée d'Orsay 2476: 2473:(1832–1883), 2472: 2471:Édouard Manet 2466: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2451:(1840–1926), 2450: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2413:(1839–1906), 2412: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:James Sillett 2365: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2332:(1826–1827), 2331: 2327: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207:Impressionist 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196:Édouard Manet 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2175:Neoclassicism 2171: 2169: 2168:Camille Corot 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2106:(1853–1890), 2105: 2101: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2066: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:Carlo Manieri 2022: 2017: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1982:Rachel Ruysch 1977: 1972: 1968: 1967:Houghton Hall 1964: 1960: 1954: 1949: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1916:(1695–1765), 1915: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1824:(1716–1780), 1823: 1822:Luis Meléndez 1819: 1807: 1804:(1664–1736), 1803: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1778:(1600–1670), 1777: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1737: 1726: 1723:(1578–1630), 1722: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1702: 1699:still lifes ( 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Low Countries 1525: 1520: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1479: 1476:(1566–1638), 1475: 1474:George Flegel 1469: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1449: 1446: 1435: 1434:Pieter Claesz 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1394: 1391:(1606–1684), 1390: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1364: 1363:Pieter Claesz 1358: 1353: 1342: 1339:(1626–1674), 1338: 1332: 1327: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1294:(1573–1621), 1293: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1275:(1594–1680), 1274: 1268: 1263: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1237: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1167: 1156: 1145: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1127:(1606–1652), 1126: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1081: 1078:(1618–1667), 1077: 1071: 1066: 1063: 1052: 1041: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004:Frans Snyders 1001: 997: 992: 990: 985: 981: 977: 972: 970: 966: 962: 961: 955: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 898:Hans Collaert 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 842:Low Countries 835: 832:(1597–1660), 831: 830:Pieter Claesz 827: 821: 817: 813: 808: 804: 793: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 767:Andrea Sacchi 753: 749: 745: 732: 728: 722: 717: 713: 712: 708:(1560–1627), 707: 701: 696: 692: 691: 687:(1560–1609), 686: 680: 675: 671: 667: 661: 656: 655: 649: 647: 642: 639: 633: 631: 627: 618: 617: 612: 608: 604: 602: 598: 597:Frans Snyders 594: 590: 586: 585: 580: 575: 573: 569: 568:merry company 564: 560: 556: 552: 551: 546: 542: 536: 523: 522: 517:(1533–1575), 516: 512: 499: 498: 493: 487: 482: 478: 477: 472: 466: 461: 451: 447: 446: 438: 433: 429: 425: 424:book of hours 418: 413: 412: 411: 409: 408: 403: 402: 397: 393: 391: 387: 383: 378: 375:technique by 374: 369: 367: 363: 362: 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 309: 305: 301: 298:(1430–1494), 297: 293: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267:painting. As 266: 265: 260: 256: 252: 251:ancient Greek 247: 245: 241: 235: 233: 229: 225: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 173: 166: 161: 152: 150: 149: 140: 135: 133: 129: 124: 122: 118: 114: 110: 105: 101: 97: 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 70: 61: 60: 54: 50: 46: 40: 33: 19: 7221:Trompe-l'œil 7219: 7190:Outsider art 7143:Illustration 7099:Lutheran art 7089:Catholic art 7052:Abstract art 7022:Unilalianism 6985:Software art 6960:Neosymbolism 6950:Neo-futurism 6913:Internet art 6903:Hyperrealism 6756:Superfiction 6539:Photorealism 6407:Afrofuturism 6172:Contemporary 6148:Dimensionism 6131:Concrete art 6064: 6060:Precisionism 5910: 5857:Sosaku-hanga 5831:Productivism 5821:Metaphysical 5791: 5780:Proto-Cubism 5684:Secessionism 5646:Costumbrismo 5531:Aestheticism 5482:Hague School 5462: 5386:Academic art 5367:Costumbrismo 5335:Empire style 5172:Quito School 5167:Cusco School 5083:Colonial art 5044: 5032:Fête galante 5030: 4999:18th century 4961:Delft School 4912:Caravaggisti 4890:17th century 4844: 4775: 4732:Quattrocento 4722: 4680: 4603: 4506: 4436:Late antique 4320:Severe style 4310:Black-figure 4197:Contemporary 4122: 4108: 4091: 4077: 4037: 4032: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3972: 3967: 3958: 3931: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3851: 3842: 3821: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3754: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3677: 3669: 3660: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3620: 3611: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3549: 3534: 3529: 3520: 3515:Vlieghe, 207 3511: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3342: 3337: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3227:Memento Mori 3168:computer art 3164:computer age 3160: 3141:21st century 3120: 3101: 3079: 3050: 3029:Nature morte 3028: 3006: 2987: 2984:Odilon Redon 2960: 2937:Ralph Goings 2929:Photorealism 2926: 2895: 2872:Fool's House 2871: 2867: 2864:Jasper Johns 2861: 2856: 2848: 2830: 2823: 2811:Stuart Davis 2796: 2783: 2780:M. C. Escher 2753: 2724: 2716:Abstract art 2711:Paul Cézanne 2709: 2705:André Derain 2692: 2686: 2682:Odilon Redon 2672:, including 2665: 2662:Paul Gauguin 2659: 2651: 2640: 2616: 2591: 2588:Paul Cézanne 2569:trompe-l'œil 2568: 2542: 2523: 2497: 2494:Paul Gauguin 2474: 2452: 2449:Claude Monet 2433: 2430:Mary Cassatt 2414: 2411:Paul Cézanne 2395: 2373: 2351: 2329: 2310: 2279:John Haberle 2274:trompe-l'œil 2272: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2226: 2222: 2215:Claude Monet 2204: 2172: 2148:Academic art 2141: 2129: 2114: 2107: 2079: 2053: 2030: 2004: 1985: 1962: 1936: 1918:Trompe-l'œil 1917: 1891: 1873:The bulk of 1872: 1863:trompe-l'œil 1861: 1854: 1830: 1825: 1805: 1784:Getty Museum 1779: 1750: 1747:Fede Galizia 1724: 1721:Fede Galizia 1701:nature morte 1700: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1679:painted his 1659: 1653: 1649:Fede Galizia 1633:natura morta 1632: 1630: 1613: 1590: 1584: 1566: 1564: 1557: 1553: 1549:trompe-l'œil 1547: 1543: 1512: 1498: 1477: 1444: 1415:Peter Binoit 1400: 1660s 1392: 1373: 1340: 1314: 1295: 1276: 1250: 1224: 1200:Georg Flegel 1196: 1187:trompe-l'œil 1186: 1182:trompe-l'œil 1181: 1174: 1172: 1154: 1144:Lubin Baugin 1128: 1109: 1079: 1051:Trompe-l'œil 1050: 1016: 993: 973: 969:bedriegertje 968: 964: 960:trompe-l'œil 958: 956: 948: 943: 933: 910: 901: 857: 853: 845: 839: 833: 790: 784: 769:, felt that 764: 751: 730: 709: 688: 669: 643: 634: 622: 614: 582: 576: 563:Four Seasons 548: 538: 518: 495: 474: 443: 407:trompe-l'œil 405: 399: 394: 377:Jan van Eyck 373:oil painting 370: 359: 336: 332:iconographic 328:Jan van Eyck 313: 307: 299: 296:Hans Memling 264:trompe-l'œil 262: 248: 239: 236: 221: 197: 148:trompe-l'œil 146: 136: 125: 116: 112: 98:and Ancient 93: 76: 68: 66: 52: 7106:Digital art 7069:Avant-garde 7010:Superstroke 6886:Flat design 6881:Fictive art 6876:Excessivism 6824:Art for art 6819:Altermodern 6761:Taring Padi 6696:Lowbrow art 6664:Pliontanism 6601:Yoru no Kai 6554:Process art 6494:Systems art 6464:Arte Povera 6386:Antipodeans 6295:in New York 6265:Jikken Kōbō 6228:Color field 6097:Regionalism 6066:Aeropittura 6055:Neo-Fauvism 6028:Neues Sehen 5998:Kinetic art 5862:Suprematism 5836:Synchromism 5753:Noucentisme 5674:Primitivism 5662:Art Nouveau 5617:Cloisonnism 5607:Pointillism 5602:Divisionism 5580:Incoherents 5541:Art pottery 5427:(1863–1944) 5377:Macchiaioli 5352:Biedermeier 5340:Historicism 5325:Orientalism 5266:Romanticism 5237:Akita ranga 5089:Art of the 5074:Picturesque 5026:Chinoiserie 5021:Frederician 4859:Tudor court 4754:Cinquecento 4695:Renaissance 4682:Mappa mundi 4666:cartography 4558:Carolingian 4553:Merovingian 4536:Palaeologan 4508:Repoblación 4465:Anglo-Saxon 4396:Gallo-Roman 4335:Hellenistic 4330:Kerch style 4268:Minyan ware 3825:Berman 2003 3249:Langmuir, 6 3172:digital art 3155:Gilles Tran 3130: 1934 3058: 1916 2870:(1960) and 2857:Lunch Table 2841:Andy Warhol 2826:Frida Kahlo 2768:Surrealists 2565:Darius Cobb 2502:Fogg Museum 2376:(undated), 2313:(1824–1826) 2087: 1769 2061: 1781 2037:(1662–1700) 2012: 1770 1944: 1750 1758: 1610 1732: 1593 1677:Jan Bruegel 1669: 1595 1621: 1679 1536:Netherlands 1515:Spanish art 1459:Osias Beert 1441: 1597 1370: 1597 1348: 1658 1337:Pieter Boel 1322: 1655 1258: 1639 1232: 1615 1162: 1631 1151: 1610 1087: 1660 1058: 1680 1047: 1660 902:Florilegium 886:watercolour 858:dead nature 816:Willem Kalf 759: 1625 616:Fruitbasket 553:(1551, now 457: 1500 448:millefleur 386:watercolour 324:Renaissance 320:Middle Ages 228:Herculaneum 100:Greco-Roman 96:Middle Ages 81:work of art 77:still lifes 18:Still lifes 7260:Categories 7153:Jewish art 6965:Passionism 6925:iPhone art 6871:Cyborg art 6866:Crypto art 6839:Brandalism 6731:Cyberdelic 6596:Tropicália 6569:Street art 6524:Intermedia 6504:Minimalism 6223:Spatialism 6177:Postmodern 6033:Surrealism 5901:Shin-hanga 5741:Die Brücke 5709:Sonderbund 5622:Synthetism 5345:Revivalism 5254:Transition 5211:Manichaean 5057:Adam style 4978:Classicism 4917:in Utrecht 4845:Still life 4575:Romanesque 4531:Macedonian 4526:Iconoclast 4485:Visigothic 4391:Republican 4345:Indo-Greek 4315:Red-figure 4100:1857099613 4092:Still Life 4063:References 2790:was using 2699:, such as 2160:historical 2109:Sunflowers 1656:Caravaggio 1614:Still-life 1556:, and the 1374:Still Life 1176:ontbijtjes 846:still life 752:Still life 570:" type of 533:See also: 450:tapestries 356:millefleur 259:Parrhasius 253:legend of 128:animal art 113:still life 89:human-made 69:still life 7215:Shock art 7205:Queer art 7185:Naïve art 7168:Modernism 7000:Superflat 6990:Sound art 6970:Post-YBAs 6955:Neomodern 6796:Verdadism 6766:Superflat 6615:1970–1999 6579:in the US 6499:Video art 6422:Happening 6395:1960–1969 6187:1945–1959 5850:1915–1944 5841:Vorticism 5793:A Nyolcak 5655:1900–1914 5627:Les Nabis 5558:Symbolism 5514:Amsterdam 5464:Japonisme 5434:1863–1899 5396:in Greece 5256:to modern 5101:Caribbean 5046:Goût grec 4968:Capriccio 4922:Tenebrism 4871:Turquerie 4769:Mannerism 4664:Medieval 4521:Byzantine 4502:Mozarabic 4453:Ethiopian 4357:Neo-Attic 4340:"Baroque" 4325:Classical 4295:Geometric 4273:Mycenaean 4220:(Western) 4218:Premodern 4189:Premodern 3188:synthetic 3025:Juan Gris 2891:formalism 2888:modernist 2799:Modernism 2772:Joan Miró 2764:Futurists 2739:Juan Gris 2670:Les Nabis 2138:, 1875–85 1841:wallpaper 1837:porcelain 1571:bodegones 1501:(1618), ( 1247:Rembrandt 1024:hourglass 908:in 1600. 854:stilleven 334:program. 281:Peiraikos 205:Peiraikos 117:stilleven 85:inanimate 7245:Category 7195:Portrait 7116:Folk art 7064:Anti-art 6995:Stuckism 6908:Idea art 6829:Art game 6781:Artivism 6669:Punk art 6647:Sots Art 6632:Artscene 6489:Land art 6427:Neo-Dada 6359:Lettrism 6253:Nuagisme 6238:Tachisme 6119:Nazi art 5912:De Stijl 5826:Rayonism 5816:Art Deco 5804:Futurism 5595:Luminism 5563:Romanian 5548:Tonalism 5519:Canadian 5497:American 5403:Neo-Grec 5011:Rocaille 4840:Romanism 4774:Counter- 4708:Trecento 4648:Duecento 4638:Crusades 4570:Ottonian 4548:Frankish 4428:Medieval 4411:Trajanic 4371:Scythian 4366:Etruscan 4258:Cycladic 4236:Thracian 3701:83-51331 3206:See also 3182:with 3D 3082:(1921), 3031:(1913), 3009:(1910), 2971:, Russia 2963:(1901), 2933:Don Eddy 2874:(1962). 2766:and the 2664:painted 2621:(1910), 2598:, London 2594:(1895), 2545:(1888), 2500:(1889), 2477:(1883), 2455:(1880), 2354:(1882), 2247:(1885). 2118:(1888), 1689:The Cook 1625:Santarém 1601:, Madrid 1593:(1636), 1530:, today 1443:–1660), 1417:, 1618, 1372:–1660), 1192:Flanders 1153:–1663), 1049:–1683), 547:, whose 366:Flanders 322:and the 230:and the 145:". The 63:, Madrid 55:(1602), 7210:Realism 6807:present 6534:Nut Art 6337:Pop art 6275:Mono-ha 6143:The Ten 6092:Kapists 6038:Iranian 5991:Bauhaus 5785:Orphism 5731:Fauvism 5568:Russian 5458:Nihonga 5372:Verismo 5357:Realism 5291:Purismo 5204:Moorish 5199:Islamic 5106:Haitian 4897:Baroque 4776:Maniera 4660:Mudéjar 4585:Spanish 4497:Pictish 4480:Lombard 4475:Insular 4416:Severan 4381:Gaulish 4376:Iberian 4305:Archaic 4248:Nuragic 4228:Ancient 4211:periods 3222:Vanitas 2988:Flowers 2837:pop art 2792:tempera 2744:collage 2697:Fauvism 2481:, Paris 2192:Chardin 1988:(1680s) 1969:in 1990 1899:gouache 1883:Flemish 1586:Bodegón 1559:vanitas 1532:Belgium 1524:Baroque 1519:bodegón 1507:bodegón 1168:, Paris 1019:vanitas 1000:Antwerp 965:mimesis 906:Plantin 890:gouache 601:Jan Fyt 555:Uppsala 541:Antwerp 351:Utrecht 244:vanitas 217:Pompeii 181:Pompeii 165:Vatican 79:) is a 7158:Kitsch 7017:Toyism 6509:Fluxus 6439:Op art 6008:Mingei 5942:Stupid 5920:Purism 5775:Cubism 5424:Modern 5216:Mughal 5006:Rococo 4611:Gothic 4592:Norman 4516:Viking 4470:Hunnic 4448:Coptic 4263:Minoan 4253:Aegean 4241:Dacian 4193:Modern 4131: 4115: 4098: 4084: 4052: 4044: 3979: 3938: 3761: 3690: 3541: 3104:(1912) 2990:(1903) 2813:, and 2737:, and 2727:Fauves 2720:Cubist 2526:(1883) 2436:(1880) 2398:(1867) 2334:Louvre 2285:, and 2186:, and 1858:Rococo 1833:Rococo 1647:, and 1552:, the 1480:, 1630 1376:(1623) 1298:(1614) 1279:(1658) 1131:(1645) 1112:(1693) 878:botany 836:(1623) 693:(1580) 638:Medici 593:Rubens 479:, 1503 345:. The 316:Giotto 304:Madrid 255:Zeuxis 213:mosaic 189:Naples 167:museum 6805:2000– 6248:COBRA 5242:Uki-e 5232:Japan 5221:Qajar 4580:Mosan 4386:Roman 4280:Greek 3238:Notes 3166:with 2575:print 2173:When 1879:Dutch 852:word 850:Dutch 771:genre 630:tulip 224:Roman 193:Italy 177:Roman 7094:Icon 6417:ZERO 6175:and 6072:Asso 5896:Dada 5453:Yōga 4195:and 4129:ISBN 4113:ISBN 4096:ISBN 4082:ISBN 4050:ISBN 4042:ISBN 3977:ISBN 3936:ISBN 3759:ISBN 3699:LCCN 3688:ISBN 3651:See 3539:ISBN 3178:and 3170:and 3084:Tate 2935:and 2760:Dada 2703:and 2676:and 2209:and 2166:and 1534:and 1517:, a 1006:and 982:and 949:The 927:and 888:and 868:and 805:and 426:for 257:and 3132:), 3060:), 2855:'s 2847:'s 2229:by 2134:by 2113:or 1760:), 1687:'s 1623:), 1589:or 1513:In 1164:), 1089:), 1060:), 900:'s 73:pl. 7262:: 4191:, 4048:, 3946:^ 3860:^ 3830:^ 3805:^ 3686:. 3684:32 3325:^ 3313:^ 3127:c. 3100:, 3055:c. 2967:, 2939:. 2920:, 2916:, 2912:, 2908:, 2904:, 2900:, 2809:, 2733:, 2639:, 2625:, 2615:, 2590:, 2549:, 2504:, 2496:, 2372:, 2328:, 2309:, 2281:, 2263:, 2194:, 2182:, 2084:c. 2078:, 2058:c. 2052:, 2033:, 2029:, 2009:c. 2003:, 1984:, 1961:, 1941:c. 1935:, 1901:. 1881:, 1839:, 1786:, 1755:c. 1729:c. 1666:c. 1643:, 1639:, 1618:c. 1612:, 1583:, 1562:. 1497:, 1438:c. 1397:c. 1367:c. 1345:c. 1319:c. 1313:, 1255:c. 1249:, 1229:c. 1223:, 1159:c. 1148:c. 1108:, 1084:c. 1055:c. 1044:c. 1014:. 756:c. 729:, 668:, 613:, 574:. 494:, 473:, 454:c. 452:, 368:. 275:, 191:, 187:, 75:: 67:A 51:, 4209:/ 4181:e 4174:t 4167:v 4056:. 3696:. 3655:. 3157:) 3125:( 3053:( 2089:) 2082:( 2063:) 2056:( 2014:) 2007:( 1946:) 1939:( 1753:( 1734:) 1727:( 1664:( 1616:( 1509:. 1436:( 1421:. 1402:) 1395:( 1365:( 1350:) 1343:( 1324:) 1317:( 1260:) 1253:( 1234:) 1157:( 1146:( 1082:( 1053:( 1042:( 761:) 754:( 566:" 143:' 71:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index