320:
258:
165:. He began his architectural career as a student with Ross & Rowe in 1912. In 1915 he enlisted in the First All and served as captain until 1919 with the Field Artillery in Egypt and France. After World War I he also studied at the AA in London where he met Arthur Stephenson and Percy Meldrum. Turner joined the RIBA in 1921 and was appointed assistant architect for the Imperial War Graves Commission. Returning to Melbourne in 1924, he joined Stephenson and Meldrum and was promoted to director in 1936. With Meldrum's departure in 1937 the firm's name changed to become Stephenson and Turner in 1938.
250:
179:
210:, where Stephenson provided efficient planning and accommodation of modern medical technology. All these hospitals were designed in eclectic styles typical of American hospitals, St Vincent's being the most adventurous – the design of 1928 was a massive block with arched windows at each end and columns flanking the entrance, a design which evolved when it was finally built in 1931–34 taking on some more Art Deco characteristics of a stepped skyscraper profile and patterned brickwork that varied from dark at the base to light on the top storeys.
376:, Iraq, Stephenson and Turner grew to become the largest Australian architecture firm at its time with 300–400 staff at its peak. They opened offices internationally in Singapore (1949), New Zealand (1956) and Hong Kong. Stephenson and Turner were one of the many architectural firms that were hit hard by the global economic downturn during the mid-1980s and merged with John Castles to become Castles, Stephenson and Turner in 1995. Since 2000, all Australian operations have closed down, with offices operating in New Zealand since 1956.
194:(1947), "hospitals gave modern architecture in Australia its first big break". The early 20th century saw advancements in medical technology and treatments, which transformed hospitals into a symbol of modern and healthy society. Stephenson took full advantage of this and traveled to America in 1926–7 to research the most modern developments in hospital design and equipment. They immediately embarked on a number of hospital commissions, such as the Wangaratta Base Hospital, the
214:
246:(1934-5), introduced a completely new aesthetic : a six-level reinforced-concrete building with stark white sweeping cantilevered balconies that allowed for sun control and outdoor space for patients. The efficiency of the design was described by Professor John Freeland as "clean-cut with the precision of a machine".
327:
Stephenson and Turner designed the
Australian pavilions at three international exhibitions, which demonstrated both his commitment to Modernism and the firms status. The Australian pavilion at the International Exposition of Arts & Technology in Modern Life in Paris (1937), was a stark cylinder,
336:
work was an interior design only, as it was an attached wing of the
British Pavilion (Stanley Hall & Easton and Robertson) and was noted for collaborations with artists and photographers to create a dynamic modern experience; the United States honoured Stephenson with citizenship for his work.
271:
The success of the Mercy was followed by a succession of hospital commissions in
Australia for Stephenson and Meldrum (replaced by Turner in 1937), most featuring long sweeping horizontal balconies with curved corners on a body of cream brick, a streamlined ‘functionalist’ idiom. The
63:, whose mosaic featured on the façade of the Newspaper House in Melbourne (1933). Stephenson and Meldrum's partnership ended in 1937, with Meldrum moving on to practice with Arthur Noad, to form Meldrum and Noad. That year he became a foundation member of, and exhibited with,
369:. They applied the same rigorous approach to researching and engaging with state of the art technologies and methods of manufacturing. Their design for the General Motors Holden Factory complex (1954–56) in Dandenong featured a curtain wall to the administration building.
1056:
225:
It wasn't until after
Stephenson's second research trip in 1932–33 to continental Europe that hospital design in Australia drastically changed. Stephenson was inspired by European Modernism, particularly Bijvoet and
311:, completed in 1942, which repeated the design of the Royal Melbourne, with a plain front dominated by a tower elements, and the sweeping balconies on the rear, but more visible than on the tight Melbourne site.
39:
and educated at
Ballarat College. In 1907 he studied architecture and articled to Melbourne Architect A. A. Fritsch from 1907 until 1913, where he won the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects Bronze Medal.
296:(returned to civilian use in 1944). The front façade design departed from the sweeping horizontality that Stephenson's hospitals were known for; instead they opted for a simple and pared back
515:
273:
202:
then located in
William Street, and a large campus for 'crippled children' for the children's hospital at Somers. The firm's first major city hospital commission was the Healy Wing at
137:
Stephenson was largely responsible for the firm's direction to specialize in hospital design. He also lectured, wrote widely and was a member of numerous committees, including the
379:
Today
Stephenson & Turner operates out of five bases in New Zealand, specialising in social infrastructure buildings and carrying on its heritage in healthcare architecture.
59:
building in an Art Deco style. A fine draftsman and watercolorist, Meldrum was the artistic director and collaborated with some of
Melbourne's prominent artists, including
323:
H. Chipault, Pavillon de l'Australie, Exposition
Internationale, Paris, 1937, postcard. Jim Davidson Australian postcard collection, National Library of Australia
280:, defined by its horizontal balconies, was followed by the tall wedge-shaped United Dental Hospital (1940) in Sydney, and the rectilinear Pathology Block at the
242:, which Stephenson described as a way "to express in the simplest form the function of the building in the most appropriate materials". Their next project, the
27:(1938–1995) was a prominent Australian architectural firm, best known for the pioneering modernism of their numerous hospital designs of the 1930s and 1940s.
123:
721:
Philip Goad and others: Australian Modern: The
Architecture of Stephenson and Turner, The Miegunyah Press and the State Library of Victoria, 2004.
55:
designing aircraft hangars. In 1919 Meldrum joined the AA, where he met and taught Arthur Stephenson and Donald Turner. In 1930 he designed the
765:
1007:
145:. In 1954 Stephenson was knighted for services to architecture and was the first Australian to receive a RIBA Gold Medal in 1964. The
1051:
538:
146:
362:
970:
741:
564:
308:
261:
127:
319:
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452:
366:
243:
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103:
345:
Stephenson and Turner were closely involved in the post-war manufacturing revolution in Australia, designing plants for
957:
199:
689:, King George V Jubilee Maternal and Infant Welfare Pathological Building, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
912:
John Shaw, Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect, The Stephenson & Turner Sydney/Hong Kong Group, 1987, 86.
425:
195:
138:
150:
307:
for Mothers and Babies (1939–41), which features the sweeping horizontal balconies on the front facades, and the
107:
962:
618:
332:, New Zealand in 1940, was an essay in intersecting volumes, with a bold stylised classical portico. The 1939
545:
333:
297:
257:
686:
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592:
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142:
769:
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68:
1008:
http://www.architecture.com.au/docs/default-source/vic-notable-buildings/mercy-hospital-(former).pdf
952:
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414:
285:
91:
372:
As well as major buildings in every capital city in Australia, in New Zealand and a hospital in
679:
558:
304:
187:
56:
826:
Fisher, J.D., Australian Dictionary of Biography: Stephenson, Sir Arthur George (1890–1967), .
608:
432:
389:
249:
303:
While work on the Royal Melbourne Hospital was underway, they also designed for Sydney the
231:
178:
300:, though the rear facade did include their signature sweeping white horizontal balconies.
8:
631:
497:
403:
397:
289:
36:
186:
Stephenson's firm designed most of the major hospitals built in Australia in the 1930s.
807:
McIntyre, Arthur (1 September 1988). "Meldrum links old and new Antipodes surrealism".
759:
581:
Torpedo Factory, Workshops and Administration Buildings, Neutral Bay, Sydney, 1942—1943
530:
525:
473:
95:
48:
984:
976:
966:
747:
737:
555:
Victorian Government Tourist Bureau, Melbourne, Victoria, 1939 (interior, demolished)
456:
235:
207:
102:. In 1907 Stephenson worked for Swansson Brothers while studying construction at the
922:
785:
Australian Academy of Art First Exhibition, April 8th-29th, Sydney : Catalogue
664:
United Christian Hospital Extension (Staff Quarter), N.K.I.L. 6014, Hong Kong, 1986
445:
439:
134:
and formed a partnership with Meldrum in 1921, known as Stephenson & Meldrum.
847:
Julie Willis, Machines for healing, Architecture Australia, July/August 2002, 46.
654:
484:
407:
80:
733:
Castlemaine Art Gallery & Historical Museum : history & collections
418:
354:
277:
218:
111:
64:
885:
857:
1045:
980:
751:
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60:
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693:
675:
508:
361:, Fibremakers as well as Australia's first experimental nuclear reactor in
293:
72:
731:
650:
Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Building, Melbourne, Victoria, 1963
328:
while the Australian Pavilion at the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition in
292:, completed in 1942, which served as an American military hospital during
213:
1004:
Nationally significant 20th century architecture: Mercy Hospital (former)
574:
King George V Jubilee Maternal and Infant Welfare Pathological Building,
480:
239:
115:
783:
604:
329:
227:
76:
52:
1057:
Recipients of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects’ Gold Medal
588:
393:
350:
149:
awarded him a gold medal in 1963 and was made honorary fellow by the
131:
99:
600:
923:"Commonwealth of Australia Pavilion at the Centennial Exhibition"
658:
141:, the Hospital Advisory Council (Melbourne) and a trustee of the
44:
1037:, The Stephenson & Turner Sydney/Hong Kong Group, 1987, 86.
638:
584:
541:), Royal Branch, Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 1938–1942
346:
265:
119:
1030:, the Miegunyah Press and the State Library of Victoria, 2004.
519:
373:
110:
in 1915 as a lieutenant, promoted to captain and awarded the
35:
Percy Hayman Meldrum (1887–1968), architect, born in 1887 at
1028:
Australian Modern: the architecture of Stephenson and Turner
284:
in Melbourne in 1941. In 1936 they began designing the new
561:
for Mothers and Babies, Sydney, New South Wales, 1939–1941
358:
961:. Vol. 12. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
51:. Then travelled to England in 1914 and worked with the
788:(1st ed.). Sydney: Australian Academy of Art. 1938
835:
Shaw, Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect, 85.
680:
King George V Memorial Hospital for Mothers and Babies
696:, Yaralla Military Hospital, Concord, New South Wales
438:
Royal Children's Hospital Crippled Children's Home,
490:
Freemasons Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 1936
161:Donald Turner (1895–1964), architect, was born in
1043:
126:(AA) under Percy Hayman Meldrum and joined the
16:Australia 20th century architectural partnership
736:. Geoff Hannon. Castlemaine, Australia. 2013.
627:, Parkville, Melbourne, 1958–1963 (demolished)
469:Mercy Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 1934
314:
1035:Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect
1023:, Architecture Australia, July/August 2002.
953:"Stephenson, Sir Arthur George (1890–1967)"
86:
764:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
537:English Scottish and Australian Bank (now
431:Castlemaine Art Museum, Lyttleton Street,
894:. Melbourne. 6 December 1934. p. 40
866:. Melbourne. 11 October 1928. p. 14
843:
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147:Royal Australian Institute of Architects
94:(1890–1967), architect, born in 1890 in
552:, United States, 1939–1940 (demolished)
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717:
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709:
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340:
309:Concord Repatriation General Hospital
262:Concord Repatriation General Hospital
182:St Vincent's Hospital Healy Wing 1934
128:Royal Institute of British Architects
1002:Australian Institute of Architects,
858:"New Wing of St. Vincent's Hospital"
647:, Sydney, New South Wales, 1961–1971
567:(a.k.a. Yaralla Military Hospital),
1012:East Melbourne Historical Society,
886:"Opening of St. Vincent's Hospital"
706:
615:Australian Atomic Energy Commission
234:(1928) in the Netherlands, and the
67:' anti-modernist organisation, the
13:
958:Australian Dictionary of Biography
139:International Hospitals Federation
14:
1068:
637:Southern Base Teaching Hospital,
428:, Kangaroo Ground, Victoria, 1927
426:Kangaroo Ground War Memorial Park
406:(renovations and new main hall),
382:
1016:, emhs.org.au/catalogue/emvf0131
424:Shire of Eltham War Memorial at
410:, Melbourne, Victoria, 1925–1927
156:
151:American Institute of Architects
124:Architectural Association School
47:and admired the architecture of
30:
1052:Architecture firms of Australia
915:
906:
687:RVIA Street Architectural Medal
388:Collins Court Office Building,
130:(RIBA) in 1920. He returned to
79:painter and lecturer in art at
963:Australian National University
878:
850:
829:
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724:
619:Lucas Heights, New South Wales
578:, Melbourne, 1941 (demolished)
1:
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565:Concord Repatriation Hospital
421:, Victoria, 1927 (demolished)
43:In 1913 Meldrum travelled to
505:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
173:
7:
522:, France, 1937 (demolished)
168:
143:National Museum of Victoria
10:
1073:
943:
645:Royal North Shore Hospital
927:Wellington City Libraries
682:, Sydney, New South Wales
668:
625:Royal Children's Hospital
611:) New Zealand, 1952–1964.
464:Collins Street, Melbourne
315:International expositions
163:Maitland, New South Wales
118:, Stephenson remained in
108:Australian Imperial Force
71:. His son James became a
69:Australian Academy of Art
1026:Philip Goad and others,
617:Research Establishment,
569:Concord, New South Wales
494:Royal Melbourne Hospital
479:United Dental Hospital,
448:, Somers, Victoria, 1931
415:Melbourne Cricket Ground
367:Atomic Energy Commission
286:Royal Melbourne Hospital
253:Royal Melbourne Hospital
238:(1929–33) in Finland by
92:Arthur George Stephenson
87:Arthur George Stephenson
511:, New South Wales, 1936
200:Queen Victoria Hospital
951:Fisher, J. D. (1990).
576:Royal Women's Hospital
559:King George V Hospital
324:
305:King George V Hospital
282:Royal Women's Hospital
268:
254:
232:Zonnestraal Sanatorium
222:
183:
57:Castlemaine Art Museum
21:Stephenson and Meldrum
768:) CS1 maint: others (
630:Fibremakers Factory,
546:New York World's Fair
544:Australian Pavilion,
514:Australian Pavilion,
500:, 1936–1942 (altered)
453:St Vincent's Hospital
433:Castlemaine, Victoria
390:Little Collins Street
334:New York World's Fair
322:
260:
252:
216:
204:St Vincent's Hospital
181:
104:Working Men's College
25:Stephenson and Turner
1021:Machines for healing
603:) New South Wales, (
274:Freemason's Hospital
19:Originally known as
1014:East Melbourne Walk
632:Bayswater, Victoria
607:) Queensland, and (
498:Parkville, Victoria
476:, 1936 (demolished)
472:Bethesda Hospital,
442:, 1931 (demolished)
404:Melbourne Town Hall
298:International Style
190:wrote in his book,
122:and studied at the
37:Casterton, Victoria
902:– via Trove.
874:– via Trove.
531:Spirit of Progress
526:Victorian Railways
503:Gloucester House,
474:Richmond, Victoria
413:Members Pavilion,
341:After World War II
325:
269:
255:
223:
184:
49:Frank Lloyd Wright
972:978-0-522-84459-7
743:978-0-9807831-9-3
661:, Victoria, 1960s
653:Main Ward Block,
641:, Iraq, 1958–1982
462:Newspaper House,
457:Fitzroy, Victoria
236:Paimio Sanatorium
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446:Lord Somers Camp
440:Somers, Victoria
217:Mercy Hospital,
192:Victorian Modern
106:. He joined the
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278:East Melbourne
244:Mercy Hospital
219:East Melbourne
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112:Military Cross
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65:Robert Menzies
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811:. p. 14.
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599:) Victoria, (
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73:non-objective
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61:Napier Waller
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
38:
31:Percy Meldrum
28:
26:
23:(1921–1937),
22:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1003:
994:11 September
992:. Retrieved
956:
930:. Retrieved
926:
917:
908:
896:. Retrieved
891:The Advocate
889:
880:
868:. Retrieved
863:The Advocate
861:
852:
831:
808:
802:
790:. Retrieved
784:
778:
732:
726:
694:Sulman Medal
676:Sulman Medal
529:
509:Darlinghurst
451:Healy Wing,
378:
371:
344:
326:
302:
294:World War II
270:
224:
198:wing of the
191:
185:
160:
136:
90:
42:
34:
24:
20:
18:
1033:John Shaw,
634:, 1958–1968
621:, 1954–1962
571:, 1940–1942
534:train, 1937
487:, 1936–1940
481:Surry Hills
459:, 1930–1934
400:, 1920–1922
240:Alvar Aalto
116:World War I
1046:Categories
898:24 January
870:26 January
792:2 November
701:References
605:Strathpine
587:Complex, (
330:Wellington
276:(1936) in
228:Jan Duiker
188:Robin Boyd
77:surrealist
53:War Office
981:1833-7538
760:cite book
752:869312119
597:Lang Lang
589:Dandenong
394:Melbourne
351:Dandenong
290:Parkville
174:Hospitals
153:in 1964.
132:Melbourne
100:Melbourne
989:70677943
609:Trentham
601:Pagewood
550:New York
398:Victoria
365:for the
169:Projects
114:. After
96:Box Hill
944:Sources
932:1 March
809:The Age
659:Prahran
208:Fitzroy
45:Chicago
987:
979:
969:
750:
740:
669:Awards
639:Basrah
585:Holden
466:, 1932
435:, 1931
347:Holden
266:Sydney
120:London
692:1946
685:1941
674:1941
520:Paris
374:Basra
996:2015
985:OCLC
977:ISSN
967:ISBN
934:2024
900:2020
872:2020
794:2022
770:link
766:link
748:OCLC
738:ISBN
595:and
355:Ford
221:1934
81:RMIT
539:ANZ
359:BHP
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