148:. Having patronised new families and removed from power old ones, Louis the German made the Saxon aristocracy his organ of government there and forced his foes, such as Lothair, to look to the lower classes for support in Saxony.
73:(law of the Saxons), which had been codified by Charlemagne, preferring to live in accordance with ancient and unwritten tribal custom. The movement was violently resisted by the uppermost caste, the
541:
300:
has tended to ignore the simultaneous civil war in the
Carolingian kingdoms and has mostly failed to explain why "exploitation" or "oppression" did not incite more revolts during the Middle Ages.
691:
534:
527:
229:, however, marched against the Saxon "freedmen seeking to oppress their lawful lords" and "crushed ruthlessly by sentencing the ringleaders to death". The Saxon
198:, wrote under the year 841 that "throughout all of Saxony the power of the slaves rose up violently against their lords. They usurped for themselves the name
288:
as probably feudal dependents trying to free themselves from their obligations and those who saw them as essentially free men seeking to ward off the
417:
Goldberg, Eric J. "Popular Revolt, Dynastic
Politics, and Aristocratic Factionalism in the Early Middle Ages: The Saxon Stellinga Reconsidered."
141:
145:
105:, who promised to grant them the rights they had had when formerly pagan and whom they in turn promised to support for the throne of
761:
631:
581:
621:
711:
442:
51:) between 841 and 843. These were the middle two Saxon castes, below the nobility and above the unfree. The aim of the
721:
446:. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
812:
807:
822:
802:
716:
681:
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202:. . . nd the nobles of that land were violently persecuted and humiliated by the slaves." Both Nithard and the
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616:
797:
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771:
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468:
731:
671:
741:
571:
173:
63:, having won over to his cause the Saxon nobility, had reduced them to mere peasants. The
8:
817:
701:
601:
249:
to
Charlemagne, the near contemporary self-defence league formed by the peasantry of the
661:
576:
424:
419:
168:
90:
651:
55:
was to recover those rights the two castes had possessed before their conversion from
746:
178:
162:
56:
480:"The Early History of the Saxons as a Field for the Study of German Social Origins."
261:. It was the only popular revolt recorded in Europe between the sixth century, when
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431:
297:
262:
226:
122:
258:
183:
137:
94:
458:
791:
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59:
in the 770s. At that time they had still possessed political privileges, but
281:
106:
646:
503:
The
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
266:
69:
60:
132:
When Louis the Pious died, the German Louis deposed the
Hattonid leader
113:
uprising, was divided into two noble factions: the Saxons supportive of
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549:
499:
489:
479:
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246:
218:
509:
696:
591:
126:
102:
23:
435:
686:
561:
133:
114:
78:
48:
606:
500:"The Ethnology of Germany.-Part IV. The Saxons of Nether Saxony."
277:
254:
206:
indicate that an anti-Christian reaction was prevalent among the
191:
214:
37:
510:"Charlemagne, the Saxons, and the Imperial Coronation of 800."
233:
themselves disarmed the movement with a brutal action in 843.
250:
225:
uprising, among other Saxon notables who were loyal to him.
241:
Modern historiography has often seen parallels between the
490:"The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II."
253:
basin and crushed by the nobility in 859, and the later
276:
uprising has been studied extensively and in detail by
269:
taxation, and the tenth century and the 983 rebellion.
81:), not always with the support of the Frankish kings.
140:. Among Louis's chief supporters in Saxony were the
551:
Peasant revolts in medieval and early modern Europe
284:. The Marxists formed two camps, those who saw the
475:. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.
789:
515:, Vol. 111, No. 444. (Nov., 1996), pp 1113–1133.
296:of Germany. According to scholar Eric Goldberg,
136:from his royal offices and bestowed them on the
117:influence (and thus of imperial unity) and the
535:
493:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
423:, Vol. 70, No. 3. (Jul., 1995), pp 467–501.
485:, Vol. 31, No. 5. (Mar., 1926), pp 601–616.
84:
542:
528:
379:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 467 and n4.
314:
312:
463:Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056
309:
217:late in 841, Lothair and his young son
89:During the civil war of 840–843 in the
790:
523:
622:Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions
265:records several riots in protest of
632:John and William Merfold's uprising
572:Rebellions of Basil the Copper Hand
397:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 469.
388:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 468.
349:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 490.
340:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 488.
331:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 482.
13:
762:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
582:Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–28
451:
358:Goldberg, "Popular Revolt", p. 467
14:
834:
483:The American Journal of Sociology
236:
712:Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt
692:Peasants' Rebellion in Telemark
26:for "companions, comrades") or
722:Peasants' War in Upper Austria
657:Slovene peasant revolt of 1515
391:
382:
373:
361:
352:
343:
334:
325:
1:
513:The English Historical Review
505:, Vol. 9. (1880), pp 406–436.
257:uprising in 983 in favour of
752:Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743)
617:Transylvanian peasant revolt
414:. Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.
412:Saxon Identities, AD 150–900
109:. Saxony, on the eve of the
7:
717:Ivan Bolotnikov's Rebellion
682:Skipper Clement's Rebellion
602:Peasants' Revolt in England
587:St. George's Night Uprising
151:
36:league") was a movement of
10:
839:
495:, Vol. 7. (1878), pp 1–29.
478:Thompson, James Westfall.
465:. New York: Longman, 1991.
403:
156:The chief sources for the
737:Swiss peasant war of 1653
727:Kostka-Napierski Uprising
637:Carinthian Peasant Revolt
557:
440:Reuter, Timothy (trans.)
194:. Gerward, author of the
473:Feudal Germany, Volume I
469:Thompson, James Westfall
303:
85:Saxon conditions 838–841
642:Friulian Revolt of 1511
221:met the leaders of the
121:, who were allied with
93:, between the heirs of
813:9th century in Germany
808:9th-century rebellions
772:Saxon Peasants' Revolt
732:Morning Star Rebellion
677:Palatine Peasants' War
672:Dalecarlian Rebellions
823:Rebellions in Germany
803:843 disestablishments
742:Stenka Razin Uprising
627:Jack Cade's Rebellion
508:Mayr-Harting, Henry.
290:FeudalisierungsprozeĂź
245:uprising and earlier
777:Peasants' War (1798)
757:Pugachev's Rebellion
667:German Peasants' War
174:Prudentius of Troyes
443:The Annals of Fulda
125:in his invasion of
119:Saxones sollicitati
101:had the support of
798:841 establishments
662:Arumer Zwarte Hoop
577:Uprising of Ivaylo
498:Howorth, Henry H.
488:Howorth, Henry H.
410:Flierman, Robert.
204:Annales Bertiniani
169:Annales Bertiniani
91:Carolingian Empire
67:thus despised the
785:
784:
747:Bulavin Rebellion
196:Annales Xantenses
179:Annales Fuldenses
163:Annales Xantenses
57:Germanic paganism
830:
702:Kett's Rebellion
612:Cabochien Revolt
544:
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320:Saxon Identities
316:
298:Marxist analysis
263:Gregory of Tours
247:Saxon resistance
227:Louis the German
123:Louis the German
838:
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829:
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788:
787:
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652:DĂłzsa rebellion
553:
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459:Reuter, Timothy
454:
452:Further reading
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436:10.2307/2865267
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368:Annals of Fulda
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259:Slavic paganism
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184:Rudolf of Fulda
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138:Abbey of Corvey
95:Louis the Pious
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11:
5:
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280:historians in
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237:Historiography
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153:
150:
86:
83:
43:(freemen) and
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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597:Ciompi Revolt
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322:, p. 126–130.
321:
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294:feudalisation
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58:
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32:(German for "
31:
30:
29:Stellingabund
25:
21:
20:
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512:
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441:
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282:East Germany
273:
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187:
182:(written by
177:
172:(written by
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155:
131:
118:
110:
107:East Francia
98:
88:
74:
68:
64:
52:
44:
40:
33:
28:
27:
18:
17:
15:
647:Poor Conrad
370:, s.a. 841.
267:Merovingian
186:), and the
70:Lex Saxonum
61:Charlemagne
818:Old Saxony
792:Categories
767:Great Fear
707:Cudgel War
318:Flierman,
219:Lothair II
142:Ecbertiner
697:Dacke War
592:Jacquerie
567:Stellinga
286:Stellinga
274:Stellinga
243:Stellinga
223:Stellinga
208:Stellinga
200:Stellinga
188:Historiae
158:Stellinga
146:Bardonids
127:Alemannia
103:Lothair I
99:Stellinga
65:Stellinga
53:Stellinga
34:Stellinga
24:Old Saxon
19:Stellinga
687:Opryshky
562:Bagaudae
420:Speculum
231:nobilies
160:are the
152:Uprising
144:and the
134:Banzleib
129:in 839.
115:Hattonid
111:Stelling
79:nobility
49:freedmen
41:frilingi
607:Harelle
429:2865267
404:Sources
278:Marxist
255:Liutizi
192:Nithard
75:nobiles
427:
292:, the
215:Speyer
97:, the
425:JSTOR
304:Notes
251:Seine
45:lazzi
38:Saxon
272:The
16:The
432:doi
213:At
190:of
176:),
794::
471:.
461:.
311:^
210:.
166:,
543:e
536:t
529:v
434::
77:(
47:(
22:(
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