31:
251:
192:. The traction engine could also supply electric power for lighting, and tow the calliope in the circus parade, where it traditionally came last. Other circus calliopes were self-contained, mounted on a carved, painted and gilded wagon pulled by horses, but the presence of other steam boilers in the circus meant that fuel and expertise to run the boiler were readily available. Steam instruments often had keyboards made from brass. This was in part to resist the heat and moisture of the steam, but also for the golden shine of the highly polished keys.
42:
231:
243:
263:
222:, although this process is difficult and must be repeated often to maintain quality sound. Since the pitch of each note is largely affected by the temperature of the steam, accurate tuning is nearly impossible; however, the off-pitch notes (particularly in the upper register) have become something of a trademark of the steam calliope. A calliope may have anywhere from 25 to 67 whistles, but 32 is traditional for a steam calliope.
329:, who built calliopes from 1890 until 1932. The Thomas J. Nichol calliopes featured rolled sheet copper (as used in roofing) for the resonant tube (the bell) of the whistle, lending a sweeter tone than cast bronze or brass, which were the usual materials for steam whistles of the day. David Morecraft pioneered a resurgence in the building of authentic steam calliopes of the Thomas J. Nichol style beginning in 1985 in
292:. In 1851, William Hoyt of Dupont, Indiana claimed to have conceived of a device similar to Stoddard's calliope, but he never patented it. Later, an employee of Stoddard's American Music, Arthur S. Denny, attempted to market an "Improved Kalliope" in Europe, but it did not catch on. In 1859, he demonstrated this instrument in
358:
Most calliopes disappeared in the mid-20th century, as steam power was replaced with other power sources. Without the demand for technicians that mines and railroads supplied, no support was available to keep boilers running. Only a few calliopes have survived, and, unless converted to a modern power
650:
recalled, "When we first worked on 'Being for the
Benefit of Mr. Kite!' John had said that he wanted to 'smell the sawdust on the floor', wanted to taste the atmosphere of the circus. I said to him, 'What we need is a calliope.' 'A what?' 'Steam whistles, played by a
184:, the steam calliope was particularly used on riverboats and in circuses. In both cases, a steam supply was readily available for other purposes. Riverboats supplied steam from their propulsion boilers. Circus calliopes were sometimes installed in steam-driven
1231:
623:
with glass pipes of varying lengths each illuminated and heated by an individual gas jet. A keyboard allowed the player to turn down individual jets; as the glass tube cooled, a note was produced. Kastner installed several such instruments in Paris.
355:, mechanically operating the keys. Many of these mechanical calliopes retained keyboards, allowing a live musician to play them if needed. During this period, compressed air began to replace steam as the vehicle of producing sound.
60:
1197:
857:
58:
340:. The pins on the roller opened valves that admitted steam into the whistles. Later, Stoddard replaced the cylinder with a keyboard, so that the calliope could be played like an organ.
1244:
1674:
59:
846:
296:, London. Unlike other calliopes before or since, Denny's Improved Kalliope let the player control the steam pressure, and therefore the volume of the music, while playing.
680:) and his gang arrive in Northfield, Minnesota. The instrument is referred to by name and Younger shows such interest in it that he attempts to fix it.
211:. Some instruments have both a keyboard and a mechanism for automated operation, others only one or the other. Some calliopes can also be played via a
962:
336:
Stoddard's original calliope was attached to a metal roller set with pins in the manner familiar to
Stoddard from the contemporary clockwork
378:
The pronunciation of the word has long been disputed, and often it is pronounced differently inside and outside the groups that use it. The
1241:
181:
1681:
1280:
30:
584:
is a calliope-like instrument that uses internal combustion within its whistles to power their notes, rather than externally produced.
641:
370:
and requires its owner to maintain a boiler operator's license. The calliope produces 10 notes and takes 8 hours to get ready.
1775:
1770:
603:
The calliaphone is a compressed-air powered, easily transported instrument developed by early 20th century
American inventor
51:
933:
668:
559:) pronunciation commonly used in the United States when referring to a fairground organ; this was also used by the British
820:
299:
While
Stoddard originally intended the calliope to replace bells at churches, it found its way onto riverboats during the
284:
patented the calliope on
October 9, 1855, though his design echoes previous concepts, such as an 1832 instrument called a
636:
1090:
799:
550:
461:
420:
303:
era. While only a small number of working steamboats still exist, each has a steam calliope. These boats include the
1805:
1030:
1780:
1273:
177:, but the "Calliaphone" name is registered by the Miner Company for instruments produced under the Tangley name.
366:, which was built in the mid 1970s. The 6 foot tall wood-fired steam boiler was originally used by miners at
1212:
115:
A calliope is typically very loud. Even some small calliopes are audible for miles. There is no way to vary
1236:
772:
720:
560:
367:
17:
1192:
1795:
333:. These calliopes are featured in Peru's annual Circus City Parade. Morecraft died on December 5, 2016.
909:
1667:
1266:
1056:
317:
883:
1722:
1559:
619:(literally "singing chandelier") or musical lamp was invented by Frederik Kastner. It was a large
321:. Their calliopes are played regularly on river excursions. Many surviving calliopes were built by
281:
1599:
1327:
944:
174:
1156:
1810:
1800:
1495:
1206:
1790:
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505:
250:
1057:"Hell's Bells: An engineer's devilish art car produces great balls of fire at Burning Man"
8:
1785:
1467:
1457:
1347:
1293:
1252:
311:
271:
34:"Calliope, the wonderful operonicon or steam car of the muses" – advertising poster, 1874
1157:"Haunted Fortress 2 (Soundtrack) - Official TF2 Wiki | Official Team Fortress Wiki"
988:
693:
line in the #11 track "Haunted
Fortress 2" in the game's soundtrack, used mostly during
1627:
293:
277:
124:
97:
655:" Unable to find an authentic calliope, Martin resorted to tapes of calliopes playing
1586:
1569:
1086:
656:
509:
471:
69:
1472:
1216:
672:, which takes place in 1876, a calliope is featured prominently during a scene when
646:
used tapes of calliope music to create the atmosphere of a circus. Beatles producer
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710:
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1426:
1248:
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266:
Steam calliope (c. 1901) built by George Kratz and used on the showboat French's
255:
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instead of a live musician. The music roll operated in a similar manner to a
330:
289:
242:
128:
1224:
1604:
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1477:
1357:
821:"Patent US 13668: Apparatus for producing music by steam or compressed air"
690:
673:
352:
208:
246:
Kitch
Greenhouse Steam Calliope at the Ohio Historical Society – July 2006
1505:
1436:
1362:
847:"Whistling By The Numbers (A Survey of the Calliope in the U.S. Patents)"
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rather than steam whistles to produce its principal sounds. See also
1730:
1441:
1342:
743:, which was also used to produce music on period carousels. It used
698:
694:
581:
337:
200:
1659:
1173:
199:
or mechanically. Mechanical operation may be by a drum similar to a
1372:
1317:
777:
379:
185:
1031:"Vachel Lindsay: A Madman Who Burst His Rivets on a Head of Steam"
1404:
1322:
109:
362:
A relatively recently-built calliope is that of Carl
Bergman of
1431:
1367:
938:
156:
132:
1409:
595:
was powered by ignition of propane inside resonant cavities.
101:
1228:: Apparatus for producing music by steam or compressed air.
659:
marches. " chopped the tapes up into small sections and had
475:, attempted to settle the dispute by publishing this rhyme:
663:
throw them up into the air, re-assembling them at random."
542:
536:
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521:
450:
447:
412:
406:
400:
391:
212:
169:
in Quebec). The air-driven calliope is sometimes called a
497:
469:
by people who played it. A nineteenth-century magazine,
441:
254:
Fairground calliope trailer being hauled by a U.S.-built
501:] Yell", in which Lindsay uses both pronunciations.
1242:
How the Belle of
Louisville Steam Calliope Works (PDF)
739:
The calliope is confused by some with the air-powered
551:
518:
462:
438:
421:
388:
1288:
539:
527:
453:
444:
409:
397:
1188:
includes audio clips of several riverboat calliopes
884:"Passing of Dave Morecraft, Steam Calliope Builder"
524:
435:
394:
1198:"Europe's largest calliope aboard the ss Succes "
1107:"The Kansas City Star from Kansas City, Missouri"
100:that produces sound by sending a gas, originally
1762:
963:"THERE'S JUST ONE WAY TO PRONOUNCE KAL-EE-OPE"
689:, the calliope is prominently used as a quasi-
1675:
1274:
1193:The calliope of Delta Queen (divX video clip)
1232:Kratz Steam Calliope at The Mariners' Museum
429:, but the instrument was usually pronounced
343:Starting in the 1900s calliopes began using
164:
150:
533:
403:
1682:
1668:
1281:
1267:
218:The whistles of a calliope are tuned to a
1132:"Omaha World-Herald from Omaha, Nebraska"
800:"The Steam Calliope on Steamboat Natchez"
195:Calliopes can be played by a player at a
1073:
1054:
986:
261:
249:
241:
229:
29:
1237:Popular Calliope and Steam Organ Videos
1028:
910:"Carl's calliope a hit at Aspen parade"
96:for pronunciation) is a North American
66:Performed on the steam calliope of the
27:Large, steam-powered musical instrument
14:
1763:
773:"Where did merry-go-rounds come from?"
570:
142:The steam calliope is also known as a
1689:
1663:
1262:
1207:Steam calliopes on YouTube (playlist)
1202:(Dutch) includes pictures & audio
881:
642:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
907:
844:
669:The Great Northfield, Minnesota Raid
491:This, in turn, came from a poem by
24:
989:"MQ Calliope Press Release-Part 2"
637:Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!
627:
610:
93:
40:
25:
1822:
1174:Mechanical Music Digest: Calliope
1167:
495:, called "The Kallyope [
112:—originally locomotive whistles.
514:
431:
384:
373:
188:, or supplied with steam from a
79:Problems playing this file? See
56:
1149:
1124:
1099:
1067:
1048:
1022:
1001:
980:
863:from the original on 2022-10-09
382:by the same name is pronounced
234:Calliope on the Minne-Ha-Ha, a
1079:The Beatles Recording Sessions
955:
926:
901:
875:
838:
813:
792:
765:
733:
598:
13:
1:
1213:National Film Board of Canada
826:. United States Patent Office
758:
591:, a pyrophone referred to as
258:– New Orleans Mardi Gras 2007
1776:Canadian musical instruments
1771:American musical instruments
987:Guillaum, Ted (2003-01-18).
967:Greensboro News & Record
908:Agar, Charles (2008-01-13).
575:
7:
1029:Lehmann, Gary (Fall 2005).
704:
359:source, are rarely played.
10:
1827:
484:Tooting joy, tooting hope,
480:Proud folk stare after me,
225:
173:, the name given to it by
1695:
1641:
1620:
1585:
1547:
1514:
1486:
1450:
1300:
1251:Schematic diagram of the
888:Mechanical Music Archives
721:Showman's road locomotive
666:In the 1972 western film
561:Manfred Mann's Earth Band
845:Bopp, Ron (April 2004).
726:
512:used the four-syllable (
282:Worcester, Massachusetts
238:on Lake George, New York
1806:French-American culture
1600:Piano Technicians Guild
945:Oxford University Press
1781:Internal fipple flutes
802:. Neworleansonline.com
489:
274:
259:
247:
239:
165:
151:
123:. Musically, the only
45:
35:
1253:Belle of Louisville's
1184:"Riverboat Calliopes"
941:US English Dictionary
477:
265:
253:
245:
233:
207:similar to that of a
44:
33:
1621:Amplifiers, speakers
1463:Generalized keyboard
1294:keyboard instruments
508:", written in 1972,
506:Blinded by the Light
1468:Isomorphic keyboard
1458:Enharmonic keyboard
1348:Electronic keyboard
1009:"The Kallyope Yell"
571:Related instruments
486:I am the calliope.
312:Belle of Louisville
104:or, more recently,
1796:1855 introductions
1628:Keyboard amplifier
1548:Piano construction
1247:2018-11-19 at the
1225:U.S. patent 13,668
1179:"Harmony in Steam"
951:on April 26, 2022.
914:www.aspentimes.com
683:In the video game
278:Joshua C. Stoddard
275:
260:
248:
240:
98:musical instrument
46:
36:
1758:
1757:
1690:Water instruments
1657:
1656:
882:Dahlinger, Fred.
639:" from the album
510:Bruce Springsteen
482:Call me Calliope;
368:Independence Pass
288:later known as a
70:Julia Belle Swain
61:
16:(Redirected from
1818:
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1033:. Archived from
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1005:
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947:. Archived from
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749:fairground organ
737:
711:Fairground organ
654:
635:, in recording "
593:Satan's Calliope
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327:Cincinnati, Ohio
323:Thomas J. Nichol
272:Mariners' Museum
168:
154:
127:possible is the
108:, through large
63:
62:
43:
21:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1761:
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1759:
1754:
1725:High Tide Organ
1705:Glass harmonica
1691:
1688:
1658:
1653:
1637:
1616:
1581:
1543:
1510:
1501:Manual keyboard
1482:
1446:
1427:Piano accordion
1296:
1287:
1249:Wayback Machine
1223:
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766:
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756:
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738:
734:
729:
707:
701:-timed events.
686:Team Fortress 2
678:Cliff Robertson
652:
630:
628:Popular culture
617:lustre chantant
613:
611:Lustre chantant
601:
578:
573:
553:
517:
513:
488:
485:
483:
481:
463:
434:
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387:
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364:Aspen, Colorado
256:traction engine
228:
220:chromatic scale
190:traction engine
86:
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77:
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67:
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57:
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28:
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1664:
1655:
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1649:Prepared piano
1645:
1643:
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1635:
1633:Leslie speaker
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1541:
1539:Pedal keyboard
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1509:
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1503:
1498:
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1490:
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1473:Jankó keyboard
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1452:
1448:
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1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1423:
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1420:Electric piano
1417:
1407:
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1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
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1338:Clavicytherium
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1310:
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1298:
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1168:External links
1166:
1163:
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1148:
1136:Newspapers.com
1123:
1111:Newspapers.com
1098:
1091:
1075:Lewisohn, Mark
1066:
1055:Sarah Phelan.
1047:
1021:
1000:
979:
954:
925:
900:
874:
854:Carousel Organ
837:
812:
791:
763:
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757:
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676:(portrayed by
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574:
572:
569:
563:in their 1976
493:Vachel Lindsay
478:
472:Reedy's Mirror
375:
372:
294:Crystal Palace
286:steam trumpet,
227:
224:
203:drum, or by a
166:piano à vapeur
152:orgue à vapeur
139:of the notes.
106:compressed air
76:
65:
55:
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39:
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9:
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1710:Hydraulophone
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1642:Miscellaneous
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1418:
1416:
1415:Digital piano
1413:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:Theatre organ
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Hammond organ
1381:
1380:
1379:
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1801:Circus music
1735:
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1719:Tide organs
1699:
1478:Short octave
1358:Harmonichord
1312:
1217:
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1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1138:. 1972-04-23
1135:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1113:. 1972-06-02
1110:
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1081:. New York:
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1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1011:. 2003-01-18
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969:. 2000-04-02
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667:
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605:Norman Baker
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353:player piano
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209:player piano
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182:age of steam
179:
175:Norman Baker
170:
160:
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114:
89:
87:
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18:Steam pianos
1791:Steam power
1587:Maintenance
1560:Innovations
1506:Split sharp
1496:Frequencies
1437:Synthesizer
1363:Harpsichord
1301:Instruments
1061:Metroactive
867:22 February
830:22 February
784:20 November
745:organ pipes
741:orchestrion
716:Orchestrion
633:The Beatles
599:Calliaphone
589:Burning Man
345:music rolls
306:Delta Queen
301:paddlewheel
215:interface.
171:calliaphone
161:steam piano
1786:Pipe organ
1765:Categories
1750:Waterphone
1745:Water drum
1737:Wave Organ
1723:Blackpool
1715:Jal tarang
1524:Expression
1393:Reed organ
1388:Pipe organ
1353:Fortepiano
1333:Clavichord
1211:Watch the
1142:2024-06-19
1117:2024-06-19
1041:2007-02-20
1015:2007-02-20
994:2007-02-20
973:2024-08-05
934:"calliope"
919:2024-07-05
806:2012-11-07
759:References
621:chandelier
587:At 1998's
380:Greek muse
349:piano roll
125:expression
81:media help
1731:Sea organ
1555:Acoustics
1343:Claviharp
1215:vignette
856:(19): 2.
699:Full Moon
695:Halloween
651:keyboard.
582:pyrophone
576:Pyrophone
338:music box
318:President
201:music box
186:carousels
1700:Calliope
1442:Virginal
1373:Melodica
1318:Carillon
1313:Calliope
1255:calliope
1245:Archived
1218:Calliope
1077:(1988).
858:Archived
778:CBC Kids
705:See also
197:keyboard
137:duration
121:loudness
110:whistles
90:calliope
52:'Margie'
1570:Aliquot
1534:Sustain
1451:Layouts
1405:Orphica
1323:Celesta
1290:Musical
466:-ee-ohp
270:at The
226:History
180:In the
1610:Wrench
1605:Tuning
1595:Action
1565:Wiring
1516:Pedals
1432:Spinet
1368:Keytar
1089:
939:Lexico
556:-ə-pee
426:-ə-pee
315:, and
309:, the
157:Quebec
144:steam
135:, and
133:rhythm
1575:Cross
1410:Piano
1378:Organ
1328:Chime
861:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
727:Notes
657:Sousa
565:cover
351:in a
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146:organ
129:pitch
102:steam
94:below
92:(see
68:Str.
1529:Soft
1488:Keys
1292:and
1087:ISBN
895:2018
869:2016
832:2016
786:2021
691:bass
615:The
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205:roll
117:tone
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