487:
81:
Every government has ideological bases from which assumptions and policies are drawn; ideocracies are governments wherein one dominant ideology has become deeply ingrained into politics and generally politics has become deeply ingrained into all or most aspects of society. The ideology of an
139:
if it conflicts with the ideology, Piekalkiewicz and Penn, argue that every state is either organic (the organized expression of a community, within which all individuals are dependent and subsumed, as the fingers belong to the body), or mechanical/pragmatic (an artificial concept in which
191:
in which their self-realization within the ideocracy overrides the hostility of the 'heretical' outside world. Simple slogans are adopted and repeated as signs of conformity and loyalty. Those who disbelieve the ideology are
292:
Regeneration may prevent or postpone collapse. The ideology is rethought and adapted, or replaced by a completely new set of ideals. For example, in Poland, communist ideocracy failed in 1980, the recognition of
159:
symbolize the forces that true believers must combat within themselves. Blame for failures of policy is diverted away from the ideocrats onto the scapegoats, who are subjected to mob attacks, terrorism,
258:
of followers, and bureaucratization of the state and party. The economy is nationalized, and totally mobilized in support of the ideocracy. There will be scapegoating of enemies and terrorizing of
144:
has said, "Since the beginning of time governments have been engaged in kicking people around. The astonishing achievement in modern times is the idea that citizens should do the kicking".
281:
Peaceful erosion. A new generation matures which is less fervent and more tolerant of pluralism. Technological developments and artistic expression (for example, the plays of
278:. There may be a popular rebellion. The economy may stagnate, as demands exceed ability. There may be external attacks by other states which fear the spread of the ideology,
301:
Trade Union leading to a military coup and authoritarian military rule. Romanian communism ended abruptly in 1989 and again the military took over, trying and executing
196:, supporting the system because they feel powerless to change it, or Machiavellian, cynically exploiting the system for their own ends. Both groups develop a form of
224:
Civil war: As in the USSR, China, Cuba, Yugoslavia. In order to establish the ideocracy, there must be a ruthless charismatic leader: a Lenin, Mao, Castro, Tito.
151:, in the view of Piekalkiewicz and Penn, from one of the following ideological sources: nation, race, class, or culture. They also believe that ideocrats will
128:, 2) a single party typically with one leader, 3) a terroristic police, 4) a monopoly of communications, 5) a monopoly of weaponry, 6) a centrally directed or
444:
as regimes currently showing ideocratic tendencies. Willfried Spohn states that China is an ideocracy. Gordon White said in 1999 China had ceased to be one.
271:
Self-destruction. One or more of the following may cause decline. The ideocracy may split into 'warring camps'. It may be ended by a military coup, as in
54:
for "power") is "governance of a state according to the principles of a particular (political) ideology; a state or country governed in this way". It is
1202:
1181:
1165:
1145:
1125:
1063:
1043:
1023:
1003:
395:
464:
183:, say Piekalkiewicz and Penn, in order to succeed or survive. Long after the collapse of the ideocracy, these individuals remain resistant to
207:, tolerant of ambiguity, are able to resist the monistic belief system and continue to search long-term for new ideas and complex answers.
164:, and stylized punishments. In Hitler's Germany the drive to exterminate the Jews eventually took priority over every other goal.
135:
According to
Piekalkiewicz and Penn, in addition, an ideocracy such as a strict religious state or Nazi Germany, will suppress
463:
as still extant ideocracies. In Israel, only the religious Jewish settlers and ultranationalists seek ideocratic solutions.
66:
state, which is characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. An ideocratic state can either be
595:
561:
1109:
1088:
298:
82:
ideocracy presents itself as an absolute, universal, and supreme system for understanding social life, much as a
17:
372:
227:
Takeover: Usually a political party with a determined leader ("the leader is the movement") takes power by
124:
form, reliant on the voluntary support of true believers. The totalitarian form contains six components; 1)
417:
The populist form of ideocracy has been an important force in Latin
American political history, where many
510:
411:
1257:
180:
289:) erode faith in the ideology. The leadership become a less-effective self-serving, careerist elite.
383:
as among those that rose and fell in the 20th century. Both
Catholic and Protestant extremists in
254:
This usually takes 10–15 years. The leader is no longer a
Prophet, but is now deified. There is a
148:
302:
8:
1262:
171:
states may emigrate freely, but those who leave an ideocracy may be branded as traitors.
168:
215:
According to
Piekalkiewicz and Penn, ideocracies rise and fall in the following manner:
1252:
500:
418:
204:
141:
1105:
1084:
591:
557:
110:
228:
155:—Jews, communists, capitalists, heretics—as forces undermining the ideocracy. These
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232:
136:
43:
585:
581:
551:
492:
352:
344:
320:
184:
129:
1081:
Bureaucratic authoritarianism: Argentina, 1966–1973, in comparative perspective
663:
518:
505:
441:
380:
348:
340:
286:
1246:
102:
63:
51:
1102:
The
Brazilian workers' ABC: class conflict and alliances in modern São Paulo
468:
407:
282:
152:
117:
87:
67:
456:
437:
414:(East Germany) all rose and fell as ideocracies during the 20th century.
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55:
472:
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31:
272:
239:
125:
121:
75:
71:
59:
27:
Portmanteau word combining "ideology" and kratos, Greek for "power"
387:
sought ideocratic solutions, but were thwarted by
British troops.
587:
Ideocracies in
Comparison: Legitimation – Cooptation – Repression
403:
324:
140:
individuals have rights against the state and are co-equal). As
368:
336:
460:
448:
433:
328:
255:
452:
399:
364:
332:
314:
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In an isolated colony: e.g., White South Africa, and the
210:
153:
project their own feelings of guilt onto groups of people
83:
421:
have emerged since the beginning of the 20th century.
1188:, edited by Ulrike Schuerkens, Sage, 2004, pp. 81–83.
235:: as in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and in Iran.
550:
Piekalkiewicz, Jaroslaw; Penn, Alfred Wayne (1995).
482:
1083:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988,
549:
1244:
1205:, University of British Columbia , 1999, p. 30.
936:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, SUNY Press, 1995, p. 3.
78:(citizens voluntarily following an ideology).
832:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
819:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
806:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
793:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
780:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
767:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
718:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
705:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
692:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
649:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
636:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
623:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
610:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Wayne Penn,
556:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
1234:Totalitarianism, Terrorism and Supreme Values
576:
1104:. University of North Carolina Press, 1992,
475:ideology, has been an ideocracy since 1924.
109:in 1936, and it was given added currency by
179:Individuals within ideocracies develop an
1197:Gordon White, "Ideocracy in Decline", in
1010:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter six.
923:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
910:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
897:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
884:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
871:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
858:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
845:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
679:Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz and Alfred Penn,
315:From ancient history to the 20th century
174:
1172:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 12.
1152:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 11.
1132:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 10.
1030:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 7.
211:Inception, stabilization, and evolution
14:
1245:
1070:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 9.
1050:, Taylor and Francis, 2015, chapter 8.
990:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, pp. 116–117.
731:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, pp. 190–191
70:—citizens being forced to follow an
1186:Global Forces and Local Life-worlds
24:
749:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, pp. 52–65
25:
1274:
740:Piekalkiewicz and Penn pp. 44–45
319:Piekalkiewicz and Penn described
137:scientific research and knowledge
485:
1226:
1223:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 216.
1217:
1214:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 171.
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1073:
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981:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 170.
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972:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 177.
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963:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 152.
957:
954:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 150.
948:
945:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 131.
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758:Piekalkiewicz and Penn, p. 56
673:
656:
643:
630:
617:
604:
570:
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531:
13:
1:
670:, Beacon Press, 1963, p. 292.
524:
120:form, reliant on force, or a
62:ideology—as distinct from an
447:Piekalkiewicz and Penn cite
7:
1184:, "Multiple Modernity", in
478:
93:
10:
1279:
412:German Democratic Republic
375:'s Portugal, Albania, the
309:
29:
1170:Ideocracies in Comparison
1150:Ideocracies in Comparison
1130:Ideocracies in Comparison
1068:Ideocracies in Comparison
1048:Ideocracies in Comparison
1028:Ideocracies in Comparison
1008:Ideocracies in Comparison
925:The Politics of Ideocracy
912:The Politics of Ideocracy
899:The Politics of Ideocracy
886:The Politics of Ideocracy
873:The Politics of Ideocracy
860:The Politics of Ideocracy
847:The Politics of Ideocracy
834:The Politics of Ideocracy
821:The Politics of Ideocracy
808:The Politics of Ideocracy
795:The Politics of Ideocracy
782:The Politics of Ideocracy
769:The Politics of Ideocracy
720:The Politics of Ideocracy
707:The Politics of Ideocracy
694:The Politics of Ideocracy
681:The Politics of Ideocracy
651:The Politics of Ideocracy
638:The Politics of Ideocracy
625:The Politics of Ideocracy
612:The Politics of Ideocracy
553:The Politics of Ideocracy
538:Oxford English Dictionary
181:authoritarian personality
46:combining "ideology" and
1079:Guillermo A. O'Donnell,
351:as ideocracies and cite
116:An ideocracy may take a
30:Not to be confused with
1236:, Springer, 2017, p. 4.
668:From Empire to Nation
590:. London: Routledge.
175:Psychological aspects
203:A small minority of
149:political legitimacy
419:charismatic leaders
147:Ideocracies derive
1199:China in the 1990s
501:Political religion
231:, which creates a
142:Adlai Stevenson II
187:. They develop a
111:Nicholas Berdyaev
16:(Redirected from
1270:
1258:Authoritarianism
1237:
1232:Peter Bernholz,
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385:Northern Ireland
233:bandwagon effect
205:self-actualisers
44:portmanteau word
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1182:Willfried Spohn
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1166:Steffan Kailitz
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1146:Steffan Kailitz
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1126:Steffan Kailitz
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1044:Steffan Kailitz
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584:, eds. (2015).
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493:Politics portal
491:
484:
481:
427:
396:Steffan Kailitz
379:countries, and
345:Imperial Russia
321:Pharaonic Egypt
317:
312:
213:
185:democratization
177:
130:planned economy
96:
90:belief system.
37:
28:
23:
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12:
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5:
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685:
672:
664:Rupert Emerson
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627:, pp. 20, 182.
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597:978-1138848856
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563:978-0791422984
562:
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529:
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519:State collapse
516:
512:Power Politics
508:
506:Power politics
503:
497:
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480:
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465:Peter Bernholz
426:
423:
402:, Italy under
381:Imperial Japan
349:Imperial China
341:Islamic empire
316:
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287:Czechoslovakia
279:
268:
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105:used the term
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26:
18:State ideology
9:
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2:
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1110:0-8078-4368-7
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1089:0-520-04260-3
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467:asserts that
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390:According to
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250:Stabilization
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103:Beatrice Webb
100:
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79:
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64:authoritarian
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
34:
19:
1233:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:, edited by
1198:
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1177:
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1137:
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1027:
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1007:
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950:
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919:
911:
906:
901:pp. 154–161
898:
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888:pp. 149–153
885:
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862:pp. 142–144
859:
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719:
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696:, pp. 49–50.
693:
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632:
624:
619:
611:
606:
586:
572:
552:
545:
537:
533:
514:(Wight book)
511:
469:Saudi Arabia
446:
428:
425:21st century
416:
408:Nazi Germany
389:
371:, the USSR,
318:
283:Vaclav Havel
253:
214:
202:
178:
167:Citizens of
166:
146:
134:
118:totalitarian
115:
106:
97:
88:monotheistic
80:
68:totalitarian
47:
39:
38:
32:
849:p. 140–141
578:Backes, Uwe
471:, with its
457:North Korea
438:North Korea
377:Warsaw pact
359:, Peronist
295:Lech Walesa
244:New England
229:coup d'état
198:doublethink
189:closed mind
162:show trials
58:based on a
1263:Ideologies
1247:Categories
1162:Uwe Backes
1142:Uwe Backes
1122:Uwe Backes
1091:, pp. 9–10
1060:Uwe Backes
1040:Uwe Backes
1020:Uwe Backes
1000:Uwe Backes
662:Quoted in
525:References
430:Uwe Backes
392:Uwe Backes
357:Yugoslavia
323:, ancient
299:Solidarity
260:dissidents
194:fatalistic
157:scapegoats
56:government
1253:Ideocracy
927:, p. 221
836:, p. 136.
823:, p. 135.
797:, p. 132.
784:, p. 133.
722:, p. 189.
709:, p. 217.
653:, p. 182.
473:Wahhabist
361:Argentina
335:empires,
303:Ceaușescu
276:Argentina
266:Evolution
219:Inception
169:pluralist
113:in 1947.
107:ideocracy
40:Ideocracy
33:Idiocracy
1168:, eds.,
1148:, eds.,
1128:, eds.,
1066:, eds.,
1046:, eds.,
1026:, eds.,
1006:, eds.,
683:, p. 39.
614:, p. 22.
479:See also
410:and the
273:Peronist
240:Puritans
126:ideology
122:populist
94:Analysis
76:populist
72:ideology
60:monistic
1112:, p. 4.
914:p. 163
875:p. 145
640:, p. 8.
404:Fascism
373:Salazar
325:Babylon
310:History
1108:
1087:
594:
560:
459:, and
432:lists
398:, the
369:Saddam
367:under
339:, the
337:Sparta
327:, the
99:Sidney
48:kratos
461:Sudan
449:Syria
434:China
329:Aztec
256:purge
86:in a
52:Greek
1164:and
1144:and
1124:and
1106:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1062:and
1042:and
1022:and
1002:and
592:ISBN
558:ISBN
453:Iran
442:Cuba
440:and
400:USSR
394:and
365:Iraq
353:Tito
347:and
333:Inca
331:and
101:and
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455:,
363:,
355:'s
297:'s
285:in
242:of
84:god
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