34:
1091:
133:
146:
1139:
33:
1079:, the 10,000-strong insurgent detachment forced the Whites into a retreat on 11 October. The Makhnovist advance was aided by a number of insurgents that were caught behind the White lines, some of whom had briefly formed an alliance with Wrangel during the Red Army offensive, who informed the Insurgent Army on the White positions. After days of fighting, the insurgents routed the White "Drozdov Division" and recaptured Huliaipole, taking 4,000 prisoners of war in the process. During this time, the
1130:
entirely without the anticipation of the
Bolshevik command. Karetnyk's force had been composed of only 4,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry, 250 machine guns and 12 artillery cannons. In contrast, the Red Army had 188,771 soldiers at the front and the Whites had 44,000. Crucially, it was the Makhnovist capture of Melitopol, regarded as the White stronghold in the region, that had turned the tide against the White movement and forced them back to Crimea.
939:
4461:
4431:
4451:
4441:
837:
4481:
4471:
1228:'s machine gun regiment, which suffered heavy casualties during the crossing. At this time, Karetnyk's detachment consisted of only 1,000 infantry, 700 cavalry, 191 machine guns and 6 artillery cannons, while Perekop was manned by thousands of White infantry, with 750 machine guns, 180 artillery cannons, 48 tanks and a number of armored trains.
918:
its followers of the agreement and request the cessation of all hostilities against the Soviet government; and the families of
Insurgent Army combatants were to receive the same benefits as the families of Red Army soldiers. This was signed by the commanders of the Red Army's Southern Front, represented by
958:
bandits from its ranks, and to recognise the Soviet government. On 13 October, Makhno reaffirmed in an editorial that the insurgent movement did not recognise the authority of the
Ukrainian SSR and refused political collaboration with the Bolsheviks, considering the pact to be a wholly military endeavor.
1110:
before the end of the month. The Red forces themselves were advancing relatively slowly and failed to complete their planned encirclement of
Wrangel's army. On 28 October, the Red Army finally reached the front against the Whites, with the 6th Army and 1st and 2nd Cavalry Armies taking the left flank
917:
According to the military agreement: the
Insurgent Army was to subject itself to the Red Army's high command, while retaining its internal structure and autonomy; the Insurgent Army pledged not to accept any units or deserters from the Red Army into its ranks; the Insurgent Army was obliged to inform
823:
to head the
Bolshevik delegation, which was dispatched to Starobilsk to draw up a preliminary agreement. The following day, the Military Revolutionary Council of the Insurgent Army submitted a ceasefire request to the Southern Front of the Red Army, offering their subordination to Bolshevik command
1105:
The
Makhnovists requested three days of rest in Huliaipole but were ordered to continue their offensive, under threat of their alliance with the Red Army being nullified. An insurgent expeditionary force, commanded by Semen Karetnyk with Petro Havrylenko as chief of staff, immediately set out from
1129:
saw the Whites suffer heavy casualties and lose a substantial amount of their equipment, reducing them to a fraction of their former strength. Within only two weeks, Karetnyk's insurgent detachment had beaten back the Whites, almost completely independently of the supporting Red Army infantry and
957:
spoke in favour of the alliance, believing that the
Makhnovists would not want to repeat their conflict with the Bolsheviks after experiencing Wrangel's occupation. On 10 October, Trotsky published an article in which he questioned the alliance, calling on the Makhnovists to oust any kulaks and
990:
The All-Ukrainian
Central Executive Committee initially prevented the publication of the agreement, as they wanted to ensure the movement of Makhnovist troops to the front first. But after the Makhnovists threatened to halt the implementation of the agreement until its publication, an abridged
1332:
responded by declaring the end of the
Starobilsk agreement and predicting a Bolshevik attack within the week. By 23 November, Frunze was already preparing to openly break with the insurgents, accusing them of insubordination and banditry. On the night of 26 November, the Red Army launched a
809:
himself was undecided. They resolved to call a general assembly for the Insurgent Army to itself decide, with the result being a narrow majority in favor of an alliance. While waiting for a response from the Bolsheviks, clashes between the two factions continued into September.
986:
and turn the Makhnovshchina into a "magnet for all dissidents and refugees from Bolshevik-held territory." While the Ukrainian Bolsheviks themselves were amenable to the idea, their delegates claimed that the clause needed approval from Moscow and quietly dropped the subject.
1032:
The pact had significantly treated the Makhnovists and Bolsheviks as equal partners, despite the former's concession of military subordination to the latter, with the insurgents hoping that success against the Whites would oblige the Bolsheviks to allow the implementation of
754:, which insisted on the Insurgent Army fighting the Whites as an independent force. Throughout the summer, offers for a ceasefire were sent by the insurgents to the Bolshevik government, but these received no response and fighting between the two factions persisted.
961:
On 15 October, the final draft of the agreement was signed, although the insurgent delegates remained in Kharkiv to resolve the fourth clause of the political pact, which had been disputed by the Bolshevik delegation. This fourth clause would have extended full
991:
version of the text was published, omitting the fourth political clause. The Bolsheviks were particularly keen on publicising the military clause on the extension of welfare, as they believed it would incentivise the insurgents to uphold the agreement.
1243:
attacked the left flank of the 15th Division, briefly forcing them back. Karetnyk's detachment responded with their own cavalry charge, which fanned out just before clashing with the Whites, leaving them open to machine-gun fire from the insurgents'
1321:. In a report to Kamenev, Frunze noted that the Makhnovists had "acquitted themselves reasonably well", regretting that they had not sustained heavier losses. Frunze subsequently issued an order that Karetnyk's detachment be transferred to the
818:
On 29 September, the Ukrainian Soviet government finally agreed to a truce with the insurgents, without amalgamating the two forces together, and even allowed for the release of anarchists from the Cheka's prisons. The government appointed
654:
in Ukraine, which forced the warring Bolshevik and Makhnovist factions to put aside their differences and work together against their common enemy. Its political clauses extended a number of civil liberties to the previously repressed
4308:
1158:, but this too was denied by Mikhail Frunze, who again threatened nullification of the alliance. In order to keep the insurgents isolated from sympathetic elements of the Red Army, Karetnyk's detachment was transferred from the
1340:
between the Makhnovists and Bolsheviks lasted until August 1921, when the Makhnovshchina was decisively defeated by the Red Army and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was established as the sole authority in the country.
789:. The Insurgent Army found itself trapped between the Red and White armies, facing attacks from both, which ignited an argument within the Makhnovist leadership over whether or not to form an alliance with the Red Army.
1231:
Despite the losses, Karetnyk's attack had allowed the Soviet forces to establish a bridgehead at the Lithuanian Peninsula, which provided them with a decisive offensive position. On 9 November, the White cavalry led by
1209:, but a change in wind prevented Karetnyk's detachment from crossing. When the 7th and 9th Cavalry Divisions were able to make the crossing at 03:00, Karetnyk's detachment was ordered by Frunze to follow them at 05:00.
3494:
1238:
1025:, from the prisons of the Cheka. Wounded Makhnovists, including Makhno himself, were also treated by the Red Army's medical corps. The Ukrainian government declared an official amnesty on 4 November, allowing the
1333:
coordinated offensive against the Makhnovshchina: Karetnyk and the insurgent staff were ambushed and executed, Huliaipole was surrounded and captured, and the anarchists in Kharkiv were rounded up and arrested.
859:, with the armistice between the two factions entering into force the following day. They then arranged for the final draft of the political-military agreement to be drawn up in the Ukrainian Soviet capital of
2968:
1090:
196:
1041:
in Ukraine. The terms of the pact were so favorable to the insurgents that the Red Army high command began to worry whether their own troops would soon begin defecting to the Makhnovist ranks once again.
4205:
3482:
3610:
3462:
4281:
3668:
3467:
3509:
994:
Despite the earlier hostilities, the insurgents acceded to the Bolshevik overtures, justifying the pact as a necessity due to the fight against Wrangel. The insurgents were also unaware of the
4259:
4242:
3960:
1197:
reported that Karetnyk quickly turned back from the offensive, as his units had not been able to ford the Syvash. With this in mind, it was decided that Karetnyk's detachment, along with the
459:
4359:
1185:, which had been made fordable by unusually strong winds. On 5 November, while within the 6th Army, Karetnyk's detachment received orders to attack the White positions at Perekop, in what
4377:
4369:
4264:
4254:
3566:
2961:
189:
3268:
3489:
439:
3575:
2954:
1281:
182:
4235:
3409:
1313:, in a move made by Frunze to ensure the Makhnovists were both isolated and prevented from leaving Crimea, even having the detachment surrounding by the 52nd Division,
1248:. This forced the Kuban Cossacks to retreat and bought the 15th and 52nd Divisions time to strengthen their lines, allowing the safe passage of reinforcements from the
4286:
4107:
3253:
4291:
4092:
4070:
4112:
4075:
1292:
4520:
4269:
4247:
3764:
1010:. The insurgents still hoped to win over the populace and considered themselves strong enough to militarily resist the Red Army, once the time for it came.
4144:
4055:
3997:
3975:
2994:
1256:'s cavalry brigade. On 11 November, the Soviet forces were finally able to break through the White defensive line at Yushun, forcing Wrangel to order the
3258:
4139:
3992:
3744:
1177:
Up against heavy fortifications and with their Azov flotilla indisposed, the Red command concluded it would be necessary to force the Syvash, between
4274:
3656:
824:
and the recognition of the Ukrainian Soviet government, on the condition that they be allowed to retain their own internal structure. On 2 October,
4102:
1233:
414:
3913:
3721:
1287:
3161:
1118:, where they took 200 prisoners and seized 4 artillery cannons and machine-guns. They then continued on through Melitopol all the way to the
1276:
3923:
3442:
1029:
newspaper to resume publication and giving space for a planned anarchist congress to take place in Kharkiv towards the end of November.
640:
349:
1328:
On the day that Sevastopol was captured, Karetnyk informed Makhno of their victory over telegram, to which the insurgent chief-of-staff
3399:
3151:
1297:. The White forces that had remained in Crimea, taken in by Frunze's promise of amnesty, were massacred by the Cheka, at the order of
3295:
3197:
3069:
1260:. In their final defeat on the Southern Front, 100,000 White soldiers and 50,000 civilians fled aboard 126 ships, leaving only a few
743:
27:
Preliminary Political and Military Agreement between the Soviet Government of Ukraine and the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1205:, would begin their assault on the night of 7 November. The 15th and 52nd Divisions made the crossing and captured the north of the
4510:
4474:
3814:
3219:
3185:
875:
449:
4045:
3866:
3731:
3550:
3472:
3207:
2989:
1007:
907:
628:
206:
4009:
3477:
3307:
3166:
3094:
2870:
Shubin, Aleksandr (2010). "The Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921". In Hirsch, Steven J.;
3248:
2929:
2835:
4434:
2977:
766:
2631:
726:. They were then attacked by the Red Army in January 1920 and fought to a stalemate over the subsequent months, while the
4464:
3115:
3079:
1106:
Huliaipole and captured Oleksandrivsk on 23 October. Frunze ordered them to continued advancing, expecting them to reach
1055:
As relations once again started to soften between the Bolsheviks and Makhnovists, the insurgents were assigned their own
632:
151:
98:
4454:
4444:
4525:
4484:
4025:
3871:
3288:
3099:
1249:
1198:
486:
1726:
4050:
4020:
3824:
3774:
3589:
3404:
3202:
3084:
2891:
2759:
1337:
750:
from Oleksandrivsk offered to act as a mediator between the two factions, but he too was rejected by the insurgents'
671:
578:
501:
464:
424:
1395:
3804:
3789:
3523:
3499:
1314:
3876:
3435:
699:
506:
496:
419:
354:
339:
3025:
3015:
1325:, but without sending a copy of the order to Karetnyk, and directed two armies to concentrate near Huliaipole.
751:
747:
666:
The agreement was effective from October to November 1920. Following the Soviet victory over the Whites at the
469:
4535:
4530:
4181:
4161:
3834:
3739:
3595:
3283:
1261:
746:
to propose an armistice with the Insurgent Army, but the offer was rebuffed. Not long after, a member of the
695:
409:
359:
4060:
3928:
3809:
3699:
3048:
1682:
1083:
broke through the White lines at the Kakhivka bridgehead, opening space for an insurgent offensive towards
595:
548:
394:
369:
327:
225:
2946:
1267:
Over the following days, the Soviet forces advanced down the railway lines, with the insurgents capturing
1111:
along the Dnieper, while the 4th and 13th Armies took the right flank from Oleksandrivsk to the Azov Sea.
4040:
3704:
3053:
971:
4422:
4223:
3893:
3754:
3428:
3146:
3130:
2790:
1138:
1126:
647:
553:
282:
61:
4213:
3784:
3709:
3679:
3621:
3190:
3074:
983:
543:
454:
1371:
1167:
4505:
4325:
4129:
4097:
3943:
3829:
3819:
3799:
3769:
1257:
590:
573:
444:
434:
2794:
1301:. Estimates of the prisoners of war executed during this period range from 13,000 to over 50,000.
4515:
3839:
3779:
3224:
2164:
1814:
1322:
1151:
1143:
1098:
667:
568:
474:
277:
2687:
874:
According to the political agreement: all anarchist political prisoners were to be released and
4134:
3759:
3646:
3273:
3156:
3089:
3030:
2663:
946:
927:
891:
852:
840:
798:
491:
404:
4405:
4320:
4176:
4087:
4065:
3844:
3684:
3328:
3125:
982:
agreement with the Ukrainian SSR. The Bolsheviks feared this would limit their access to the
895:
758:
715:
429:
389:
252:
2778:
267:
1206:
887:
710:, but eventually mutinied due to political and military disagreements. After defeating the
683:
656:
523:
247:
4460:
4430:
3348:
2507:
1491:
762:
8:
4382:
4149:
3918:
3749:
3716:
3694:
3626:
3333:
3323:
2917:
2871:
1202:
670:, the Red Army attacked the Makhnovists, bringing an end to the agreement and igniting a
538:
302:
174:
4440:
2779:
1013:
The outcomes of the pact were immediate, seeing the release of the insurgent commanders
1006:
between the Polish and Soviet forces, and underestimated the Red Army's capacity on the
659:, while its military clauses subordinated the Insurgent Army to the high command of the
4315:
4193:
4171:
4035:
3970:
3583:
3358:
3343:
2914:
Nestor Makhno–Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917–1921
2827:
2711:
2064:
1329:
1107:
691:
533:
379:
344:
322:
307:
167:
94:
47:
4480:
1150:
On 3 November, Frunze moved his headquarters to Melitopol, where he began to plan the
4218:
3938:
3903:
3636:
3451:
2935:
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2897:
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2858:
2841:
2831:
2806:
2798:
2765:
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1423:
1159:
1155:
1056:
883:
828:
ratified the pact, ordering an immediate end to hostilities with the Insurgent Army.
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770:
674:
that would last until the complete suppression of the Makhnovshchina in August 1921.
616:
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292:
242:
51:
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1034:
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903:
723:
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528:
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511:
384:
163:
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against the anarchist movement ceased; anarchists were to be extended a number of
4230:
4030:
3881:
3861:
3363:
3020:
1794:
1190:
1115:
1038:
975:
930:, and the Insurgent delegation, represented by Dmitry Popov and Vasyl Kurylenko.
914:, and the Insurgent delegation, represented by Dmitry Popov and Vasyl Kurylenko.
879:
868:
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612:
399:
364:
287:
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3338:
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1217:
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942:
919:
911:
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651:
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317:
312:
297:
237:
137:
2785:. Praeger Publications in Russian History and World Communism. Vol. 114.
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1976:
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was finally captured on 15 November, the insurgents were assigned quarters at
4499:
4354:
3378:
2901:
2810:
2786:
1351:
1097:
with other members of his detachment, which would play a leading role in the
995:
864:
856:
820:
806:
794:
703:
624:
65:
2939:
1631:
3545:
2976:
2876:
Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940
2862:
2845:
1064:
967:
786:
262:
2751:
1225:
1194:
1060:
836:
3373:
923:
4400:
4166:
3641:
3540:
3368:
3212:
1567:
1272:
1268:
1068:
979:
687:
636:
272:
90:
1865:
938:
4392:
3856:
3300:
2999:
2435:
2283:
2215:
1996:
1603:
1084:
1072:
1003:
257:
3420:
847:
On 6 October, the provisional agreement was signed by Andri Ivanov,
3535:
2921:
2615:
2327:
2024:
1455:
1298:
963:
899:
782:
707:
660:
1893:
1754:
1710:
1511:
1174:
and then back to the 4th Army, all within the space of two weeks.
2479:
2148:
1182:
1178:
1122:, forcing the Whites to retreat from mainland Ukraine to Crimea.
860:
2802:
2387:
2311:
2108:
1921:
1666:
1539:
2879:
2823:
2747:
2567:
2463:
2267:
1309:
After the battle was over, Karetnyk's detachment was posted at
1212:
Under heavy machine-gun fire, Karetnyk led the assault against
1119:
778:
910:. This was signed by the Bolshevik delegation, represented by
38:
Insurgent army troops reading the terms of the draft agreement
1022:
898:; and anarchists were to be allowed to freely participate in
863:, where the insurgents would be represented by Dmitry Popov,
739:
2205:
2203:
1114:
The following day, Karetnyk's detachment went on to capture
1310:
999:
204:
2555:
2451:
2423:
2299:
2200:
2188:
2052:
2012:
1937:
1782:
1555:
2124:
1966:
1964:
1909:
1154:. The insurgents once again requested a short period of
4309:
Ural Cossacks March from Fort Aleksandrovskoe to Persia
2744:
Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917-1921
2531:
2343:
2231:
2040:
1843:
1841:
1656:
1654:
1087:, in hopes of cutting off the White route of retreat.
2543:
2495:
2375:
2243:
2096:
1961:
1949:
1527:
2136:
1881:
1853:
1770:
2583:
2255:
2084:
1838:
1651:
1619:
4406:White Army War Crimes during the Russian Civil War
1443:
1224:led the insurgent cavalry, covered from behind by
966:to the Makhnovshchina, allowing them to establish
843:, head of the Makhnovist delegation to Starobilsk.
2878:. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6.
4497:
4401:Red Army War Crimes during the Russian Civil War
1021:, as well as the leading anarchist intellectual
3517:
690:, going back to their collaboration during the
4521:Military alliances involving the Soviet Union
4297:British intervention in Transcaspia (1918–19)
3436:
2962:
1059:, which included their home territory around
1050:
190:
1133:
730:began to once again make territorial gains.
702:, the Ukrainian anarchist insurgents led by
2978:Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution
1045:
797:came out in support of the proposal, while
757:By August 1920, a series of defeats in the
3443:
3429:
3400:Congress of the Enslaved Peoples of Russia
2969:
2955:
722:rapidly expanded its influence throughout
197:
183:
32:
1152:final attack against the Whites in Crimea
744:All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
1166:, before being transferred again to the
1137:
1089:
937:
835:
733:
646:The agreement was reached following the
3551:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
2990:Universals (Central Council of Ukraine)
2855:Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist
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2697:
2669:
2641:
2601:
2517:
2174:
1982:
1903:
1875:
1824:
1804:
1736:
1692:
1501:
1481:
908:Fifth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
765:, while Wrangel had himself launched a
4498:
4450:
3308:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
3167:Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
3070:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
2908:
2869:
2852:
2820:Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War
2725:
2705:
2701:
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2561:
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2501:
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2209:
2194:
2182:
2158:
2118:
2102:
2078:
2058:
2034:
2018:
2006:
1990:
1970:
1955:
1943:
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1832:
1788:
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1549:
1533:
1521:
1505:
1465:
1437:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1389:
1385:
1365:
777:, extending the White lines as far as
3450:
3424:
2950:
2817:
2741:
2721:
2717:
2693:
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2637:
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1986:
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1776:
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1732:
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1517:
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1477:
1461:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1405:
1401:
1381:
1377:
1361:
1357:
1220:, pushing them back over the Syvash.
738:In June 1920, the secretariat of the
178:
4470:
3961:Peasant Uprising in Penza Government
3924:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
623:, an anarchist mass movement led by
4360:New States during Russian Civil War
3080:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
761:had forced the Bolsheviks to begin
633:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
152:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
13:
4026:Capture of Kazan by the White Army
3100:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
3095:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
978:in south-eastern Ukraine, under a
639:had established as the legitimate
14:
4547:
4190:Uprisings against the White Army
4051:Counteroffensive of Eastern Front
4021:Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
3989:Uprisings against the White Army
3590:The Storming of the Winter Palace
3405:All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
3220:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party
3085:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
2777:Footman, David (1961). "Makhno".
1142:A map of the Soviet plan for the
672:conflict between the two factions
4479:
4469:
4459:
4449:
4439:
4429:
3116:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1002:, which had already enforced an
144:
131:
4511:20th-century military alliances
3396:All-Ukrainian National Congress
2916:. Translated by Sharkey, Paul.
2735:
706:integrated themselves into the
700:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
420:Southern Front counteroffensive
3269:Polish Democratic Center Party
752:Military Revolutionary Council
748:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
1:
3835:Donets Basin Offensive (1919)
3284:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1344:
677:
579:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict
16:1920 Russian Civil War treaty
3231:Soviet of Peasants Deputies
3182:Ukrainian Socialist Parties
1304:
945:, commander-in-chief of the
933:
813:
694:and the early months of the
686:were a historic ally of the
657:Ukrainian anarchist movement
7:
3242:Soviet of Soldiers Deputies
3054:Crimean Regional Government
3026:Ukrainian People's Republic
3016:Ukrainian People's Republic
1317:and the 2nd Brigade of the
10:
4552:
3894:German Caucasus expedition
3647:Soviet–Finnish war 1921–22
3280:Russian Socialist Parties
3239:Soviet of Workers Deputies
3147:Central Council of Ukraine
1127:Northern Taurida Operation
1051:Northern Taurida Operation
108:26 November 1920
4526:Peace treaties of Ukraine
4418:
4391:
4368:
4347:
4340:
4236:Tashkent Rebellion (1919)
4214:Tashkent Rebellion (1917)
4204:
4162:Izhevsk–Votkinsk Uprising
4158:Anti-Bolshevik uprisings
4008:
3952:Anti-Bolshevik Uprisings
3805:Ukrainian Front Offensive
3730:
3667:
3653:Anti-Bolshevik Uprisings
3622:North Russia intervention
3618:Arkhangelsk and Murmansk
3609:
3596:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
3574:
3565:
3508:
3458:
3410:Labor Congress of Ukraine
3392:
3316:
3265:Polish Socialist Parties
3245:Jewish Socialist Parties
3234:Ukrainian Peasant Society
3175:
3139:
3108:
3075:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
3062:
3049:Crimean People's Republic
3041:
3009:Ukrainian national states
3008:
2985:
1262:White holdouts in Siberia
1134:Perekop–Chonhar Operation
216:
159:
124:
104:
86:
71:
57:
43:
31:
26:
4098:Great Siberian Ice March
3872:Rostov and Novocherkassk
3867:North Caucasus (1918–19)
3820:West Ukraine (1918-1919)
2857:. Winnipeg: Echo Books.
1258:evacuation of the Crimea
1125:The decisive end of the
1046:Alliance against Wrangel
972:workers' self-management
831:
209:of the Russian Civil War
75:6 October 1920
4224:Enver Pasha's Rebellion
4046:Spring Offensive (1919)
3981:Tambov Peasant Uprising
3775:Voronezh and Kastornoye
3225:Ukrainian Radical Party
3131:Kuban People's Republic
3042:Crimean national states
2995:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2853:Peters, Victor (1970).
2818:Malet, Michael (1982).
3274:Polish Socialist Party
3090:Odessa Soviet Republic
1147:
1102:
984:Ukrainian rail network
950:
892:freedom of association
844:
460:Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav
4206:Central Asian Theater
4088:Siberian Intervention
3877:North Caucasus (1920)
3845:Slutsk Defence Action
3755:Voronezh and Povorino
3680:Polish–Lithuanian War
3329:Volodymyr Vynnychenko
3198:Socialists-Sovereigns
3126:Kholodny Yar Republic
2742:Darch, Colin (2020).
1156:rest and recuperation
1141:
1093:
1037:and the extension of
941:
896:anti-Soviet agitation
839:
767:devastating offensive
734:Preliminary overtures
716:battle of Peregonovka
641:government of Ukraine
390:Vyoshenskaya Uprising
4536:Anarchism in Ukraine
4531:History of anarchism
4355:War communism policy
4270:Belovodskoe Uprising
4248:Aktyubinsk Operation
3944:Turkish–Armenian War
3495:Military engagements
3162:Constituent Assembly
2886:. pp. 147–191.
2872:van der Walt, Lucien
2720:, pp. 118–127;
2672:, pp. 298–299;
2656:, pp. 185–186;
2624:, pp. 117–118;
2444:, pp. 114–115;
2412:, pp. 114–115;
2364:, pp. 114–115;
2173:, pp. 113–114;
2073:, pp. 112–113;
2005:, pp. 111–112;
1827:, pp. 295–296;
1807:, pp. 295–296;
1747:, pp. 127–128;
1735:, pp. 110–111;
1703:, pp. 126–127;
1612:, pp. 109–110;
1592:, pp. 109–110;
1504:, pp. 294–295;
1500:, pp. 106–107;
1484:, pp. 294–295;
1416:, pp. 179–182;
1388:, pp. 169–179;
1207:Lithuanian Peninsula
1203:52nd Rifle Divisions
888:freedom of the press
876:political repression
684:Ukrainian anarchists
609:Starobilsk agreement
487:Rostov–Novocherkassk
22:Starobilsk agreement
4383:New Economic Policy
4282:Transcaspian Front
3919:Armeno-Georgian War
3765:Mamantov Corps Raid
3717:Kronstadt rebellion
3627:Battle of Shenkursk
3334:Vsevolod Holubovych
3324:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
2781:Civil War in Russia
2708:, pp. 238–239.
2564:, pp. 231–232.
2460:, pp. 230–231.
2432:, pp. 228–230.
2308:, pp. 227–228.
2296:, pp. 227–228.
2228:, pp. 226–227.
2212:, pp. 226–227.
2197:, pp. 225–226.
2133:, pp. 112–113.
2081:, pp. 224–225.
2061:, pp. 223–224.
2021:, pp. 201–202.
1946:, pp. 199–200.
1918:, pp. 110–111.
1878:, pp. 295–296.
1791:, pp. 200–201.
1751:, pp. 196–197.
1580:, pp. 194–195.
1564:, pp. 194–195.
1508:, pp. 191–194.
1468:, pp. 187–189.
1440:, pp. 162–190.
1432:, pp. 91–107;
1420:, pp. 124–161.
1338:subsequent conflict
1271:on 13 November. As
1250:51st Rifle Division
720:Makhnovist movement
696:Ukrainian Civil War
450:Voronezh–Kastornoye
328:Allied intervention
23:
4316:Bukhara Revolution
4194:Minusinsk Uprising
4182:Sorokino rebellion
4172:Pitchfork uprising
3998:Bashtanka Uprising
3976:Sapozhkov Uprising
3971:Grigoriev Uprising
3584:October Revolution
3359:Volodymyr Zatonsky
3344:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
2828:Palgrave Macmillan
2728:, p. 236-263.
2724:, pp. 72–80;
2652:, pp. 87–88;
2336:, pp. 68–69;
2181:, pp. 67–68;
2077:, pp. 66–67;
2033:, pp. 66–67;
1831:, pp. 65–66;
1743:, pp. 65–66;
1576:, pp. 61–62;
1520:, pp. 62–63;
1436:, pp. 54–63;
1412:, pp. 69–84;
1408:, pp. 45–53;
1404:, pp. 73–90;
1392:, pp. 77–123.
1384:, pp. 29–45;
1380:, pp. 39–72;
1360:, pp. 15–16;
1330:Hryhory Vasylivsky
1148:
1108:isthmus of Perekop
1103:
996:peace negotiations
951:
845:
763:peace negotiations
692:October Revolution
395:Alexandrovsky Fort
345:Katerynoslav March
21:
4493:
4492:
4414:
4413:
4336:
4335:
4326:Bukhara operation
4041:Syzran and Samara
3904:Shamkhor massacre
3815:Ukraine (1918–19)
3561:
3560:
3452:Russian Civil War
3418:
3417:
3349:Noman Çelebicihan
3176:Political parties
3109:Other territories
3034:
2931:978-1-902593-68-5
2910:Skirda, Alexandre
2837:978-0-333-25969-6
2540:, pp. 69–70.
2352:, pp. 68–69.
2240:, pp. 67–68.
2049:, pp. 66–67.
1315:3rd Cavalry Corps
1189:reported to be a
1144:Crimean offensive
1099:battle for Crimea
1075:. As part of the
906:and the upcoming
884:freedom of speech
775:left-bank Ukraine
759:Polish–Soviet War
617:military alliance
604:
603:
559:Dagestan uprising
435:Advance on Moscow
375:Hryhoriv Uprising
350:Northern Caucasus
340:Voronezh–Povorino
173:
172:
52:military alliance
4543:
4483:
4473:
4472:
4463:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4433:
4345:
4344:
4321:March of Kolesov
4302:Battle of Dushak
4260:Semirechye Front
4243:Aktyubinsk Front
4017:Volga and Urals
3993:Bender Rebellion
3956:Sheksna uprising
3785:Northern Tavriya
3780:Donbas Operation
3732:Southern Theater
3611:Northern Theater
3601:Left SR uprising
3572:
3571:
3528:
3527:
3515:
3514:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3384:Maria Nikiforova
3364:Georgiy Pyatakov
3354:Yukhym Medvediev
3191:independent left
3028:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2905:
2866:
2849:
2814:
2784:
2773:
2729:
2715:
2709:
2691:
2685:
2667:
2661:
2635:
2629:
2619:
2613:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2281:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1818:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1758:
1752:
1730:
1724:
1714:
1708:
1686:
1680:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1475:
1469:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1427:
1421:
1399:
1393:
1375:
1369:
1364:, pp. 6–7;
1355:
1319:Latvian Riflemen
1296:
1285:
1254:Nikolai Krylenko
1242:
1222:Alexei Marchenko
1214:Mikhail Fostikov
1172:2nd Cavalry Army
1081:2nd Cavalry Army
1035:soviet democracy
1019:Oleksiy Chubenko
1015:Petro Havrylenko
894:, excluding any
805:opposed it, and
724:southern Ukraine
698:. Following the
668:siege of Perekop
564:Tambov Rebellion
554:Northern Taurida
539:Ulagay's Landing
385:Chapan rebellion
211:
199:
192:
185:
176:
175:
150:
148:
147:
136:
135:
134:
115:
113:
82:
80:
66:Northern Taurida
36:
24:
20:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4506:1920 in Ukraine
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4410:
4387:
4364:
4332:
4275:Verniy Uprising
4231:Kokand Autonomy
4200:
4031:Kazan Operation
4010:Eastern Theater
4004:
3882:Ulagaev Landing
3853:North Caucasus
3790:Perekop-Chongar
3760:March on Moscow
3726:
3669:Western Theater
3663:
3657:Murom rebellion
3605:
3557:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3504:
3454:
3449:
3419:
3414:
3388:
3312:
3171:
3135:
3104:
3058:
3037:
3021:Ukrainian State
3004:
2981:
2975:
2932:
2894:
2838:
2762:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2704:, p. 186;
2700:, p. 298;
2696:, p. 118;
2692:
2688:
2680:, p. 186;
2668:
2664:
2644:, p. 298;
2640:, p. 118;
2636:
2632:
2620:
2616:
2604:, p. 297;
2600:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2576:, p. 117;
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2520:, p. 297;
2516:, p. 115;
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:, p. 115;
2484:
2480:
2472:, p. 115;
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2292:, p. 114;
2288:
2284:
2276:, p. 114;
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:, p. 114;
2220:
2216:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2177:, p. 297;
2169:
2165:
2157:, p. 113;
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1985:, p. 296;
1981:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:, p. 110;
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:, p. 111;
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1839:
1823:, p. 111;
1819:
1815:
1803:, p. 111;
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:, p. 128;
1759:
1755:
1739:, p. 295;
1731:
1727:
1719:, p. 127;
1715:
1711:
1695:, p. 295;
1691:, p. 111;
1687:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1652:
1640:, p. 110;
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1480:, p. 107;
1476:
1472:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1428:
1424:
1400:
1396:
1376:
1372:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1323:Caucasian Front
1307:
1290:
1279:
1236:
1191:suicide mission
1136:
1053:
1048:
1039:civil liberties
976:self-government
936:
880:civil liberties
869:Vasyl Kurylenko
834:
816:
791:Vasyl Kurylenko
742:approached the
736:
680:
605:
600:
569:Perekop–Chonhar
544:Obytichnyi Spit
400:Bender Uprising
365:Khotyn Uprising
212:
208:
205:
203:
145:
143:
140:
132:
130:
111:
109:
78:
76:
62:White offensive
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4516:Makhnovshchina
4513:
4508:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4467:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4426:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4108:Novonikolaevsk
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4061:Perm (1918–19)
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:Livny Uprising
3963:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:Battle of Baku
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:Transcaucasia
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Kharkiv (1919)
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Kiev (1917–18)
3807:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Orel and Kursk
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:Baltic states
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Symon Petliura
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:Makhnovshchina
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2930:
2906:
2892:
2867:
2850:
2836:
2815:
2774:
2760:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2710:
2686:
2684:, p. 239.
2676:, p. 72;
2662:
2660:, p. 240.
2648:, p. 71;
2630:
2614:
2612:, p. 238.
2608:, p. 70;
2594:
2582:
2566:
2554:
2552:, p. 232.
2542:
2530:
2528:, p. 231.
2524:, p. 69;
2506:
2504:, p. 231.
2494:
2492:, p. 231.
2478:
2462:
2450:
2448:, p. 230.
2434:
2422:
2420:, p. 230.
2416:, p. 69;
2402:
2400:, p. 230.
2396:, p. 69;
2386:
2384:, p. 228.
2374:
2372:, p. 228.
2368:, p. 69;
2354:
2342:
2340:, p. 228.
2326:
2324:, p. 228.
2320:, p. 68;
2310:
2298:
2282:
2266:
2254:
2252:, p. 227.
2242:
2230:
2214:
2199:
2187:
2185:, p. 225.
2163:
2161:, p. 225.
2147:
2145:, p. 113.
2135:
2123:
2121:, p. 225.
2117:, p. 67;
2107:
2105:, p. 225.
2095:
2083:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2037:, p. 223.
2023:
2011:
2009:, p. 201.
1995:
1993:, p. 201.
1989:, p. 66;
1975:
1973:, p. 201.
1960:
1958:, p. 200.
1948:
1936:
1934:, p. 199.
1930:, p. 66;
1920:
1908:
1906:, p. 296.
1892:
1890:, p. 110.
1880:
1864:
1862:, p. 111.
1852:
1837:
1835:, p. 197.
1813:
1793:
1781:
1779:, p. 112.
1769:
1767:, p. 197.
1753:
1725:
1723:, p. 196.
1709:
1707:, p. 196.
1699:, p. 65;
1681:
1679:, p. 196.
1675:, p. 65;
1665:
1650:
1648:, p. 196.
1644:, p. 64;
1630:
1618:
1616:, p. 195.
1602:
1600:, p. 195.
1596:, p. 63;
1582:
1566:
1554:
1552:, p. 194.
1548:, p. 63;
1538:
1536:, p. 194.
1526:
1524:, p. 194.
1510:
1490:
1470:
1464:, p. 62;
1454:
1442:
1422:
1394:
1370:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1306:
1303:
1234:Ivan Barbovich
1218:Kuban Cossacks
1187:Sergey Kamenev
1135:
1132:
1095:Semen Karetnyk
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1008:Southern Front
955:Vladimir Lenin
953:On 9 October,
947:Southern Front
943:Mikhail Frunze
935:
932:
920:Mikhail Frunze
912:Yakov Yakovlev
849:Semen Karetnyk
833:
830:
826:Mikhail Frunze
815:
812:
803:Semen Karetnyk
735:
732:
728:White movement
712:White movement
679:
676:
652:White movement
629:Insurgent Army
621:Makhnovshchina
602:
601:
599:
598:
593:
587:
586:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
520:
519:
514:
504:
499:
497:North Caucasus
494:
489:
483:
482:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
440:Nizhyn–Poltava
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
336:
335:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
222:
221:
217:
214:
213:
207:Southern Front
202:
201:
194:
187:
179:
171:
170:
161:
157:
156:
155:
154:
141:
138:Makhnovshchina
126:
122:
121:
106:
102:
101:
88:
84:
83:
73:
69:
68:
59:
55:
54:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4548:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4255:Fergana Front
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Petropavlovsk
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Yekaterinburg
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Crimea (1918)
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:Central Asian
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Nestor Makhno
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:Major figures
3315:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Minor Council
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:Soviet states
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2893:9789004188495
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2761:9781786805263
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2628:, p. 70.
2627:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2592:, p. 70.
2591:
2586:
2580:, p. 70.
2579:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2476:, p. 69.
2475:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2280:, p. 68.
2279:
2275:
2270:
2264:, p. 68.
2263:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2093:, p. 67.
2092:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1850:, p. 66.
1849:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1811:, p. 65.
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1663:, p. 65.
1662:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1628:, p. 63.
1627:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1488:, p. 62.
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1452:, p. 62.
1451:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1368:, p. 40.
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:Oleksandrivsk
1062:
1058:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
959:
956:
948:
944:
940:
931:
929:
925:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
865:Abram Budanov
862:
858:
857:Viktor Bilash
854:
850:
842:
838:
829:
827:
822:
821:Andriy Ivanov
811:
808:
807:Nestor Makhno
804:
800:
796:
795:Viktor Bilash
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:positions in
772:
771:13th Red Army
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Nestor Makhno
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
675:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Nestor Makhno
622:
618:
614:
610:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
479:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
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415:Mamontov Raid
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35:
30:
25:
19:
4485:news stories
4465:source texts
4177:West Siberia
4135:Volochayevka
3939:Ganja revolt
3546:Green armies
3510:Participants
2913:
2875:
2854:
2819:
2780:
2743:
2736:Bibliography
2713:
2698:Footman 1961
2689:
2670:Footman 1961
2665:
2642:Footman 1961
2633:
2617:
2602:Footman 1961
2597:
2585:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2533:
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2175:Footman 1961
2166:
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2138:
2126:
2110:
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2086:
2066:
2054:
2042:
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2014:
1998:
1983:Footman 1961
1978:
1951:
1939:
1923:
1911:
1904:Footman 1961
1895:
1883:
1876:Footman 1961
1867:
1855:
1825:Footman 1961
1816:
1805:Footman 1961
1796:
1784:
1772:
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1737:Footman 1961
1728:
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1693:Footman 1961
1684:
1668:
1633:
1621:
1605:
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1557:
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1513:
1502:Footman 1961
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1054:
1031:
1026:
1012:
993:
989:
968:institutions
960:
952:
928:Sergey Gusev
916:
873:
853:Dmitry Popov
846:
841:Dmitry Popov
817:
799:Dmitry Popov
779:Katerynoslav
769:against the
756:
737:
681:
665:
645:
635:, which the
619:between the
608:
606:
502:Novorossiysk
263:Steppe March
117:
18:
4113:Krasnoyarsk
4076:Chelyabinsk
4066:Perm (1919)
3825:Kiev (1919)
3259:Poalei Zion
3157:Directorate
3140:Parliaments
3031:Directorate
2980:(1917–1920)
2793:. pp.
2752:Pluto Press
2726:Skirda 2004
2706:Skirda 2004
2702:Shubin 2010
2682:Skirda 2004
2678:Shubin 2010
2658:Skirda 2004
2654:Shubin 2010
2650:Peters 1970
2610:Skirda 2004
2562:Skirda 2004
2550:Skirda 2004
2526:Skirda 2004
2502:Skirda 2004
2490:Skirda 2004
2458:Skirda 2004
2446:Skirda 2004
2430:Skirda 2004
2418:Skirda 2004
2398:Skirda 2004
2382:Skirda 2004
2370:Skirda 2004
2338:Skirda 2004
2322:Skirda 2004
2306:Skirda 2004
2294:Skirda 2004
2250:Skirda 2004
2226:Skirda 2004
2210:Skirda 2004
2195:Skirda 2004
2183:Skirda 2004
2159:Skirda 2004
2119:Skirda 2004
2103:Skirda 2004
2079:Skirda 2004
2059:Skirda 2004
2035:Skirda 2004
2019:Skirda 2004
2007:Skirda 2004
1991:Skirda 2004
1971:Skirda 2004
1956:Skirda 2004
1944:Skirda 2004
1932:Skirda 2004
1833:Skirda 2004
1789:Skirda 2004
1765:Skirda 2004
1761:Peters 1970
1749:Skirda 2004
1745:Peters 1970
1721:Skirda 2004
1717:Peters 1970
1705:Skirda 2004
1701:Peters 1970
1677:Skirda 2004
1646:Skirda 2004
1614:Skirda 2004
1598:Skirda 2004
1578:Skirda 2004
1562:Skirda 2004
1550:Skirda 2004
1534:Skirda 2004
1522:Skirda 2004
1506:Skirda 2004
1466:Skirda 2004
1438:Skirda 2004
1418:Skirda 2004
1414:Shubin 2010
1410:Peters 1970
1390:Skirda 2004
1386:Shubin 2010
1366:Skirda 2004
1291: [
1280: [
1264:remaining.
1237: [
1226:Foma Kozhyn
1195:August Kork
1170:, then the
1061:Synelnykove
611:was a 1920
465:3rd Kharkiv
455:Khopyor–Don
430:Perehonivka
410:2nd Kharkiv
226:1st Kharkiv
125:Signatories
4500:Categories
4435:definition
4393:War crimes
4167:Chapan War
3642:Heimosodat
3541:White Army
3500:Commanders
3490:Casualties
3369:Yuri Gaven
3301:Mensheviks
3296:Bolsheviks
3249:Fareynikte
3213:Borotbists
2770:1225942343
2722:Malet 1982
2718:Darch 2020
2694:Darch 2020
2674:Malet 1982
2646:Malet 1982
2638:Darch 2020
2626:Malet 1982
2622:Darch 2020
2606:Malet 1982
2590:Malet 1982
2578:Malet 1982
2574:Darch 2020
2538:Malet 1982
2522:Malet 1982
2514:Darch 2020
2486:Darch 2020
2474:Malet 1982
2470:Darch 2020
2442:Darch 2020
2414:Malet 1982
2410:Darch 2020
2394:Malet 1982
2366:Malet 1982
2362:Darch 2020
2350:Malet 1982
2334:Malet 1982
2318:Malet 1982
2290:Darch 2020
2278:Malet 1982
2274:Darch 2020
2262:Malet 1982
2238:Malet 1982
2222:Darch 2020
2179:Malet 1982
2171:Darch 2020
2155:Darch 2020
2143:Darch 2020
2131:Darch 2020
2115:Malet 1982
2091:Malet 1982
2075:Malet 1982
2071:Darch 2020
2047:Malet 1982
2031:Malet 1982
2003:Darch 2020
1987:Malet 1982
1928:Malet 1982
1916:Darch 2020
1900:Darch 2020
1888:Darch 2020
1872:Darch 2020
1860:Darch 2020
1848:Malet 1982
1829:Malet 1982
1821:Darch 2020
1809:Malet 1982
1801:Darch 2020
1777:Darch 2020
1741:Malet 1982
1733:Darch 2020
1697:Malet 1982
1689:Darch 2020
1673:Malet 1982
1661:Malet 1982
1642:Malet 1982
1638:Darch 2020
1626:Malet 1982
1610:Darch 2020
1594:Malet 1982
1590:Darch 2020
1574:Malet 1982
1546:Malet 1982
1518:Malet 1982
1498:Darch 2020
1486:Malet 1982
1478:Darch 2020
1462:Malet 1982
1450:Malet 1982
1434:Malet 1982
1430:Darch 2020
1406:Malet 1982
1402:Darch 2020
1382:Malet 1982
1378:Darch 2020
1362:Malet 1982
1358:Darch 2020
1345:References
1273:Sevastopol
1269:Simferopol
1069:Huliaipole
980:federative
882:including
688:Bolsheviks
678:Background
648:resurgence
637:Bolsheviks
631:, and the
574:2nd Crimea
507:Azerbaijan
475:2nd Donbas
445:Orel–Kursk
370:1st Donbas
278:1st Crimea
273:March Days
248:Donbas-Don
112:1920-11-26
91:Starobilsk
79:1920-10-06
4445:textbooks
4370:Aftermath
4265:Cherkassy
4121:Far East
3862:2nd Kuban
3857:1st Kuban
3750:Tsaritsyn
3710:Lithuania
3695:Petrograd
3000:Act Zluky
2912:(2004) .
2902:868808983
2811:254495418
1305:Aftermath
1288:Cav Cürek
1160:13th Army
1085:Melitopol
1073:Berdiansk
1004:armistice
934:Reactions
900:elections
814:Agreement
613:political
303:Tsaritsyn
258:Ice March
168:Ukrainian
160:Languages
48:Political
4423:Category
4287:Ashgabat
4219:Basmachi
4145:Primorye
4130:Mongolia
4084:Siberia
4056:Zlatoust
4036:Simbirsk
3796:Ukraine
3633:Finland
3567:Theaters
3536:Red Army
3473:Southern
3463:Northern
3374:Béla Kun
3254:The Bund
3029:(led by
2940:60602979
2922:AK Press
2874:(eds.).
2803:62-17560
2787:New York
1299:Bela Kun
1277:Bulğanaq
1246:tachanki
1168:6th Army
1164:4th Army
1077:4th Army
964:autonomy
924:Béla Kun
785:and the
783:Mariupol
708:Red Army
661:Red Army
534:Lankaran
470:4th Kiev
425:3rd Kiev
380:Binagadi
360:2nd Kiev
323:Dibrivka
308:Kurdamir
268:Iași–Don
253:1st Kiev
243:Shamkhor
118:de facto
87:Location
4378:Effects
4348:General
4341:Aspects
4150:Yakutia
3929:Georgia
3914:Ossetia
3740:Ukraine
3700:Estonia
3676:Poland
3637:Finland
3576:Prelude
3524:leaders
3519:Armies
3478:Eastern
3468:Western
2918:Oakland
2863:7925080
2846:8514426
2791:Praeger
1183:Chonhar
1179:Perekop
1162:to the
1057:theater
904:Soviets
902:to the
861:Kharkiv
714:at the
650:of the
596:Georgia
549:Armenia
524:Ochakov
355:Ukraine
293:Goychay
164:Russian
110: (
99:Ukraine
95:Donetsk
77: (
58:Context
4455:quotes
4292:Kushka
4140:Spassk
3934:Anzali
3840:Odessa
3722:Baltic
3705:Latvia
3685:Poland
2938:
2928:
2900:
2890:
2880:Leiden
2861:
2844:
2834:
2824:London
2809:
2801:
2797:–302.
2768:
2758:
2748:London
1120:Syvash
1116:Tokmak
718:, the
529:Anzali
517:Sarvan
512:Yalama
238:Mughan
149:
105:Expiry
72:Signed
4475:media
4125:Chita
3899:Sochi
3186:USDLP
2884:Brill
1295:]
1284:]
1241:]
1027:Nabat
1023:Volin
832:Terms
740:Nabat
591:Anapa
492:Odesa
405:Odesa
313:Livny
298:Sochi
288:Kuban
64:into
4103:Omsk
3289:Left
3208:UPSR
3203:UPSF
2936:OCLC
2926:ISBN
2898:OCLC
2888:ISBN
2859:OCLC
2842:OCLC
2832:ISBN
2807:OCLC
2799:LCCN
2766:OCLC
2756:ISBN
1336:The
1311:Saky
1286:and
1252:and
1201:and
1199:15th
1181:and
1071:and
1017:and
1000:Riga
974:and
926:and
890:and
867:and
855:and
801:and
793:and
682:The
615:and
607:The
585:1921
481:1920
334:1919
318:Baku
232:1918
220:1917
50:and
44:Type
3745:Don
2795:245
1216:'s
998:in
970:of
787:Don
627:'s
4502::
2934:.
2924:.
2920::
2896:.
2882::
2840:.
2830:.
2826::
2822:.
2805:.
2789::
2764:.
2754:.
2750::
2746:.
2202:^
1963:^
1840:^
1653:^
1293:ru
1282:ru
1239:ru
1193:.
1067:,
1063:,
922:,
886:,
871:.
851:,
781:,
663:.
643:.
166:,
97:,
93:,
3592:"
3588:"
3526:)
3522:(
3444:e
3437:t
3430:v
3033:)
2970:e
2963:t
2956:v
2942:.
2904:.
2865:.
2848:.
2813:.
2772:.
1146:.
1101:.
949:.
198:e
191:t
184:v
120:)
116:(
114:)
81:)
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