St Mark's Campanile

2314: 2213:, responsible for public works, reinforced the foundation, adopting a system used to consolidate the façade of St Peter's Basilica in Rome. This involved placing four titanium tension cables, 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in diameter, around the perimeter of the stone foundation. Two of the cables, placed 20 centimetres (7.9 in) apart within a single protective polyethylene tube, are located 40 centimetres (16 in) below the surface of the square and are anchored at the four corners of the foundation by titanium pillars. Two more cables are located at a depth of 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) and are held by granite blocks. These cables are monitored and can be tightened as necessary. The project, initially projected to last two and half years, was completed after five years in April 2013. 717: 1855: 2288: 1781: 703: 657: 2302: 31: 1767: 565: 929: 574: 2206:(20 lb) to 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) per 1 square centimetre (0.16 in). This was done by driving additional piles into the clay. Three layers of oak planks were then laid on top of the piles followed by multiple layers of Istrian stone blocks. However, the old and the new foundations were not successfully fused into a unified whole, and they began to subside at different rates. As a result, cracks in the new tower were already visible in 1914 and multiplied over time. A monitoring system, installed in 1995, revealed that the tower was leaning by 7 centimetres (2.8 in). 244: 1619: 2260: 869: 2186: 1812:

Subsequent investigations determined that the immediate cause of the disaster was the collapse of the access ramps located between the inner and outer shafts of the tower. Beginning at the upper levels, these fell one by one atop the others. Without their support, the outer shaft then caved in against the inner shaft. Because the tower collapsed vertically and due to the tower's isolated position, the resulting damage was relatively limited. Apart from the loggetta, which was completely demolished, only a corner of the historical building of the

2272: 2246: 1014: 262: 1808:

structure. Nevertheless, wooden barricades were erected to keep onlookers at a safe distance as pieces of mortar began to break off from the widening gap and fall to the square below. Access to the tower was prohibited, and only the bell signalling the beginning and end of the work day was to be rung in order to limit vibrations. The following day, Sunday, the customary band in Saint Mark's Square was cancelled for the same reason.

847:, the legend, traceable to the thirteenth century, conflated the beginning of the Christian era with the birth of Venice as a Christian republic and affirmed Venice's unique place and role in history as an act of divine grace. As a construct, it is expressed in the frequent representations of the Annunciation throughout Venice, most notably on the façade of St Mark's Basilica and in the reliefs by Agostino Rubini at the base of the 5031:, BNM ms It. VII, 1). The conflicting dates likely refer to different stages in construction or to the resumption of work after extended intervals. Most chronicles accept the tradition that the foundation was laid during the reign of Pietro Tribuno with a majority indicating the years 912 and 913. Gregorio Gattinoni accepts the tradition and suggests 912, considering it to be the last year of Tribuno's reign. See 5651: 1882: 1919:

only partially supported the series of ramps and steps. With the new design, the two shafts were tied together by means of reinforced concrete beams which also support the weight of the ramps, rebuilt in concrete rather than masonry. In addition, the stone support of the spire was replaced with reinforced concrete, and the weight was distributed on both the inner and outer shafts of the tower.

948:. Significant work was also necessary to repair damage done after lightning struck on 23 April 1745, causing some of the masonry to crack and killing four people in the square as a result of falling stonework. The campanile was again damaged by lightning in 1761 and 1762. Repair costs on the second occasion reached the considerable sum of 3,329 ducats. Finally, on 18 March 1776, the physicist 1878:

salvaged, whereas the rubble of no use was transported on barges to the open Adriatic where it was dumped. By spring 1903, the site had been cleared of debris, and the remaining stub of the old tower was torn down and the material removed. The pilings of the medieval foundation were inspected and found to be in good condition, requiring only moderate reinforcement.

1820:, a large porphyry column from which laws were read, was damaged. The sole fatality was the custodian's cat. That same evening, the communal council convened in an emergency session and voted unanimously to rebuild the bell tower exactly as it had been before the collapse. The council also approved an initial 500,000 672:

enveloped the wooden frame. It was rebuilt between 1405 and 1406. Lightning again struck the tower during a violent storm on 11 August 1489, setting ablaze the spire which eventually crashed into the square below. The bells fell to the floor of the belfry, and the masonry of the tower itself cracked.

5236:

Domestic heating was allowed for two hours after sunset, beginning on the first weekday of October. The period was extended to three hours after sunset, beginning on 18 October, and to four hours from 12 November. On the last Thursday of Carnival, the period was reduced to three hours and on 1 March

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Work began on the spire in 1911 and lasted until 5 March 1912 when the restored statue of the archangel Gabriel was hoisted to the summit. The new campanile was inaugurated on 25 April 1912, on the occasion of St Mark's feast day, exactly 1000 years after the foundations of the original building had

1803:

In July 1902, work was underway to repair the roof of the loggetta. The girder supporting the roof where it rested against the tower was removed by cutting a large fissure, roughly 40 centimetres (16 in) in height and 30 centimetres (12 in) in depth, at the base of the tower. On 7 July, it

1721:

To announce the death of the doge and for the funeral, the bells rang in unison (9 series, each series slowly over 12 minutes). For the death of the pope, the bells rang for three days after Third Hour (6 series, each series slowly over 12 minutes). The bells also marked the passing of cardinals and

1047:, dated 8 July 1244, established that the bell to convene the council was to be rung in the evening if the council was to meet the following morning and in the early afternoon if the meeting was scheduled for the evening of the same day. There is a similar reference to the bell in the statute of the 880:

erected a covered exterior gallery attached to the bell tower. It was a lean-to wooden structure, partially enclosed, that served as a gathering place for nobles whenever they came to the square on government business. It also provided space for the procurators who occasionally met there and for the

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The original legislation of 29 May 1516 established sunset as the closing time of the ghetto. But in December 1516, the closing hour was moved to 2 hours after sunset in winter and 1 hour after sunset in summer. Although the charter of 1738 once again established sunset as the hour of closing, this

1922:

The tower itself was completed on 3 October 1908. It was then 48.175 metres (158.05 ft) in height. The following year work began on the belfry and the year after on the attic. The allegorical figures of Venice as Justice on the eastern and western sides were reassembled from the fragments that

1914:

piles, roughly 3.8 metres (12 ft) in length and 21 centimetres (8.3 in) in diameter. Eight layers of Istrian stone blocks were then placed on top to create the new foundation. This was completed in October 1905. The first of the 1,203,000 bricks used for the new tower was laid in a second

1811:

The next morning, Monday 14 July, the latest tell-tales were all discovered broken; the maximum crack that had developed since the preceding day was 0.75 centimetres (0.30 in). At 09:30 the square was ordered evacuated. Stones began to fall at 9:47, and at 9:53 the entire bell tower collapsed.

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When the lean-to stalls were removed from the sides of the bell tower in 1873–1874, the base was discovered to be in poor condition, but restoration was limited to repairing surface damage. Similarly, excavations in Saint Mark's Square in 1885 raised concerns for the state of the foundation and the

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Excavations conducted in 1884 and the more detailed studies done after the collapse of the bell tower in 1902 revealed that the foundation of the bell tower consists in seven layers of varying qualities and construction techniques, an indication that the foundation was laid in different stages and

2205:

At the time of the reconstruction, the original foundation was extended from approximately 220 square metres (2,400 sq ft) to 410 square metres (4,400 sq ft) with the objective of distributing the weight of the bell tower on a larger base and reducing the load from 9 kilograms

1918:

With respect to the original tower, structural changes were made to provide for greater stability and decrease the overall weight. The two shafts, one inside the other, were previously independent of each other. The outer shell alone bore the entire weight of the belfry and spire; the inner shaft

1877:

In autumn 1902, work began on clearing the site. The fragments of the loggetta, including columns, reliefs, capitals, and the bronze statues, were carefully removed, inventoried, and transferred to the courtyard of the Doge's Palace. Bricks that could be used for other construction projects were

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Over time, it was repeatedly damaged by falling masonry from the bell tower as a result of storm and earthquake but was repaired after each incident. However, when lightning struck the bell tower on 11 August 1537 and the loggia underneath was once again damaged, the decision came to completely

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in wood that was sheathed with copper plates. Around 1329, the belfry was restored and the spire reconstructed. The spire itself was particularly prone to fire due to the wooden framework. It burned when lightning struck the tower on 7 June 1388, but it was nevertheless rebuilt in wood. On this

1807:

By 12 July, a large crack had formed on the northern side of the tower, running almost the entire height of the brick shaft. More accurate plaster tell-tales were inserted into the crevices. Although a technical commission was immediately formed, it determined that there was no threat to the

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To ring the new bells, the simple rope and lever system, previously used to swing the wooden headstock, was replaced with a grooved wheel around which the rope is wrapped. This was done to minimize the vibrations whenever the bells are rung and hence the risk of damage to the tower.

480:, roughly 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in length and 26 centimetres (10 in) in diameter, were driven into a dense layer of clay located around 5 metres (16 ft) below the surface. The piles were topped with two layers of oak planking on which multiple layers of stone were laid. 2178:

At the time of the reconstruction, an elevator was used to raise the new bells to the level of the belfry, but it was only temporary. Finally, in 1962, a permanent elevator was installed. Located within the inner shaft, it takes 30 seconds to reach the belfry from the ground level.

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Periodic work was also needed to repair damage to the tower and the statue of the archangel Gabriel from wind and rain erosion. The original statue was replaced in 1557 with a smaller version. After numerous restorations, this was in turn substituted in 1822 by a statue designed by

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in 1509. To finance the initial work, the procurators sold unclaimed objects in precious metals that had been deposited in the treasury of St Mark's in 1414 for a value of 6,000 ducats. By 1512, the tower itself had been completely repaired, and work began on the new belfry made in

431:

was built in Saint Mark's Square. Probably begun during the reign of Tribuno, it was also intended to serve as a point of reference to guide Venetian ships safely into the harbour, which at that time occupied a substantial part of the area corresponding to the present-day

1742:, he was often succeeded by his sons or, in one instance, by his widow. The salary varied over time and could include a combination of wages, lodgings in the tower, and the use, for sublet or retail activities, of one of the lean-to stalls at the base of the tower. 179:

to sight approaching ships and protect the entry to the city. It also served as a landmark to guide Venetian ships safely into harbour. Construction began in the early tenth century and continued sporadically over time as the tower was slowly raised in height. A

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against Milan (1423–1454) delayed construction. Instead, Spavento limited repairs to the structural damage to the tower. A temporary clay-tile roof was placed over the belfry, and the bells that were still intact were rehung. The outbreak in 1494 of the

1870:(100,000 lire). This was followed by contributions from other Italian communes and provinces as well as private citizens. Throughout the world, fund raising began, spearheaded by international newspapers. The German scaffolding specialist 1800:

stability of the structure. Yet inspection reports by engineers and architects in 1892 and 1898 were reassuring that the tower was in no danger. Ensuing restoration was sporadic and primarily involved the substitution of weathered bricks.

1111:, which was recast in 1731. The resulting sound was unsatisfactory, and the bell had to be recast two more times before it harmonized with the older bells. After the designation of St Mark's Basilica as the cathedral of Venice (1807), the 1804:

was observed that the shaft of the tower trembled as workmen hammered the new girder into place. Glass tell-tales were inserted into crevices in order to monitor the shifting of the tower. Several of these were found broken the next day.

531:), an indication that it had reached a serviceable height and could be used to control access to the city. Selvo increased the height to around 40 metres (130 ft), which corresponded with the fifth of the eight present windows. Doge 1650:

was therefore meant to signal the need to proceed at a trot. When the bell ceased, the doors of the council hall were closed and the session began. No latecomers were admitted. Whenever the Great Council convened in the morning, the

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Throughout its history, the bell tower remained susceptible to damage from storms. Lightning struck in 1548, 1562, 1565, and 1567. On each occasion, repairs were carried out under the direction of Jacopo Sansovino, responsible as

1910:, the count of Turin, as the king's representative. For the first two years, work consisted in preparing the foundation which was extended outward by 3 metres (9.8 ft) on all sides. This was accomplished by driving in 3076 1106:

The historical accounts of the damage to the tower caused by lightning make reference to broken bells, an indication that the bells must have been recast at various times. Nonetheless, the first documented instance concerns the

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Over time, the number of bells varied. In 1489, there were at least six. Four were present in the sixteenth century until 1569 when a fifth was added. Beginning in 1678 the bell brought to Venice from Crete after the island was

1645:

then rang continuously for a half hour as a second call for the members of the Great Council, signalling the need to quicken the pace. The name of the bell originated when horses were used in the city. The ringing of the

160:, Italy. The current campanile is a reconstruction completed in 1912, the previous tower having collapsed in 1902. At 98.6 metres (323 ft) in height, it is the tallest structure in Venice and is colloquially termed 677:, the government officials responsible for the public buildings around Saint Mark's Square, decided to rebuild the belfry and spire completely in masonry so as to prevent future fires. The commission was given to their 1147:

In various combinations, the bells indicated the times of the day and coordinated activities throughout the city. Four of the bells also had specific functions in relation to the activities of the Venetian government.

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On 26 March 1511, a violent earthquake further damaged the fragile structure and opened a long fissure on the northern side of the tower, making it necessary to immediately intervene. Upon the initiative of procurator

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was most likely first installed in the tower during the tenure of Doge Vitale II Michiel. However, documents that attest to the presence of a bell are traceable only from the thirteenth century. A deliberation of the

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was changed in 1760 to 4 hours after sunset in winter (October – March) and to 2 hours after sunset in summer (April – September). After 1788 the ghetto closed at midnight every day of the year. See Benjamin Ravid,

5086:, pp. 63–72 and Stefano Mariani, 'Vita e opere dei proti Bon Bartolomeo e Pietro' (unpublished doctoral thesis, Istituto Universitario di Architettura – Venezia, Dipartimento di Storia dell'Architettura, 1983) 1923:

had been recovered from the ruins and were restored. The twin effigies of the winged lion of Saint Mark located on the remaining sides of the attic had already been chiselled away and irreparably damaged after the

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on 29 June 900 and repelled the incursion, Venice remained vulnerable by way of the deep navigable channel that allowed access to the harbour from the sea. In particular, the young city was threatened by the

204:. Historically, the bells served to regulate the civic and religious life of Venice, marking the beginning, pauses, and end of the work day; the convocation of government assemblies; and public executions. 2170:

In 1892, it was first proposed that an elevator be installed in the bell tower. But concerns over the stability of the structure were voiced by the Regional Office for the Preservation of Veneto Monuments

1214:(heavy mechanical trades), and government officials. Labourers who were not present for work did not receive full wages for the day. Shop hours and the workday of some artisan guilds were regulated by the 808:

On this day, a gilded copper angel was hoisted above Saint Mark's Square at four hours before sunset to the sound of trumpets and fifes, and wine and milk were sprayed in the air as a sign of merriment.

2099:, patriarch of Venice at the time of the collapse, announced his intention to personally finance the recasting of the four bells as a gift to the city. For the purpose, a foundry was activated near the 1505:

rang (15 series of 16 strokes) at sunset which corresponded to 24 hours and the end of the workday for the Arsenal, the heavy mechanical trades, and the government offices. An hour after sunset, the

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in Athens which had a bronze triton mounted on a pivot. But the specific choice of the archangel Gabriel was meant to recall the legend of Venice's foundation on the 25 March 421, the feast of the

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The remaining three sides of the bell tower were covered with wooden lean-to stalls, destined for retail activities. These were an additional source of revenue for the procurators of Saint Mark

4988:

shows a wall only in the area of Saint Mark's Square. But the existence of the wall at that time is not supported in contemporary documents, and the map likely reflects a previous reality. See

1944: 469:). Delays were likely due to the difficulty in developing suitable construction techniques as well as locating and importing building materials. Some of the early bricks dated from the late 207:

The campanile stands alone in the square, near the front of St Mark's Basilica. It has a simple form, recalling its early defensive function, the bulk of which is a square brick shaft with

4707: 5202:, 1684. These sources, however, do not always agree. Gregorio Gattinoni argues that two sixteenth-century manuscripts, attributed to custodians of the bell tower, are more accurate. See 5038:, pp. 24–29. There is, however, a discrepancy in that Tribuno's reign actually terminated in April/May 911 and was followed by an interregnum of eight months. See Claudio Rendina, 4795: 1548:, signalled public executions by ringing for 30 minutes. The bell had previously been located in the Doge's Palace and is mentioned in connection with the execution for treason of Doge 1915:

ceremony on 1 April 1906. To facilitate construction, a mobile scaffold was conceived. It surrounded the tower on all sides and was raised as work progressed by extending the braces.

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followed at sunrise (16 series of 18 strokes). This signalled the opening of the Church of St Mark for prayer and of the loggetta at the base of the bell tower. The gates of the

1067:, hung in the tower, but it fell to the floor of the belfry in 1722, and was not resuspended. After this time, five bells remained. These were named (from smallest to largest) 777:, the king of ancient Israel renowned for his wisdom and judgement. This theme of Venice as embodying, rather than invoking, the virtue of Justice is common in Venetian state 2185: 5868: 5655: 5285:(Venezia: Comune di Venezia, Assessorato agli affari istituzionali, Assessorato alla cultura and Università degli studi, Dipartimento di storia e critica delle arti, 1991) 1466:(Nones), the traditional moment of the liturgical afternoon prayer. It sounded (16 series of 18 strokes) at midday and marked the beginning of the work break. After the 854:

As recorded by Marin Sanudo, structural work on the tower terminated in June 1514. The remaining work was completed by October 1514, including the gilding of the spire.

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The defensive system begun under Pietro Tribuno was likely provisional, and construction may have been limited to the reinforcement of pre-existing structures. Medieval

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and other bells from former churches, were recast by Domenico Canciani Dalla Venezia into two larger bronze bells between 1808 and 1809, but these were melted with the

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In questo zorno, su la piazza di San Marco fo tirato l’anzolo di rame indorado suso con trombe e pifari a hore 20; et fo butado vin e late zoso in segno di alegrezza.

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Excavations in the early twentieth century revealed stone foundations between the bell tower and the Marciana Library which may have belonged to the early wall. See

1030: 2480: 984:, the executive body of the government, and ideally at high tide when it was not possible to distinguish the navigable channels in the lagoon. On 21 August 1609, 734:, the temporary roof and the belfry were removed and preparations were made to finally execute Spavento's design. The work was carried out under the direction of 361: 5079:

is often confused with Bartolomeo Bon, chief consulting architect for the Salt Office. For relative documentation and the attribution of various projects, see

1718:

of the pope. On these occasions, they were rapidly hammered. Two hundred lanterns were also arranged in four tiers at the height of the belfry in celebration.

685:. Although the design was submitted within a few months, the estimated cost was 50,000 ducats, and financial constraints in the period of recovery from the 4724: 2112: 961: 5898: 4637: 4802:, New York State Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation, Division for Historic Preservation (2013), p. Water Tower 2 5331:

Historia Venetiana scritta brevemente da Gio. Nicolo Doglioni, delle cose successe dalla prima fondation di Venetia sino all'anno di Christo 1597

4767: 4754: 4792: 5883: 4812: 4842:"The COVID-19 protocols at The Venetian Las Vegas allowed me to enjoy its stunning indoor canals and iconic architecture with peace of mind" 408:(Rio del Palazzo), just east of the Doge's Castle, and eventually extended along the waterfront to the area occupied by the early Church of 2192: 735: 4865: 708:

Attic of the bell tower with the lion of Saint Mark and the allegorical figure of Venice as Justice crowned and seated on a leonine throne

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Summus apex adeo sublimis ut fulgor auri quo illitus est ad ducenta stadia ex alto navigantibus velut saluberrimum quoddam occurrat sydus.

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rang for 12 minutes, signalling that the night watch was required to be present in Saint Mark's Square. After a twelve-minute pause, the

60: 4515: 921:, including the bell tower. The work, funded from the accounts of the procurators, was typically executed by carpenters provided by the 5683: 2210: 4528: 2355: 547:

shows him together with a scroll that lists the significant events of his reign, among which is the construction of the bell tower:

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into northern Italy in 898 and again in 899 resulted in the plundering and brief occupation of the important mainland cities of

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Le cose maravigliose et notabili della citta' di Venetia. Riformate, accomodate, & grandemente ampliate da Leonico Goldioni

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The Mill is protected by a fire sprinkler system which is fed from a large metal tank within the enclosure of the Mill's tower.

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and were leased in order to finance the maintenance of the buildings in the square. The lean-to stalls were removed in 1873.

196:. The campanile reached its full height in 1514 when the belfry and spire were completely rebuilt on the basis of an earlier 2326:

Other towers inspired by St Mark's campanile, particularly in the aftermath of the collapse of the original tower, include:

4638:

Before This Seven-Day Wonder in Construction Is Completed It Will Be Overtopped by the Tall Tower of the Metropolitan Life'

4184: 2391: 2103:, on the homonymous island. The work was carried out under the supervision of the directors of the choirs of St Mark's and 1738:

The custodian of the bell tower was responsible for ringing the bells. Nominated for life by the procurators of Saint Mark

2175:). Although a special commission was nominated and concluded that the concerns were unfounded, the project was abandoned. 1828:

followed with 200,000 lire on 22 July. Although a few detractors of the reconstruction, including the editorialist of the

765:

sculptures in contrasting Istrian stone. The eastern and western sides have allegorical figures of Venice, presented as a

5784: 1714:. The bells also rang in unison for three days, until three hours after sunset, to mark the election of the doge and the 936:

In the following centuries, it was repeatedly necessary to intervene and repair the damage caused by lightning. In 1653,

412:. However, the exact location of the wall has not been determined nor how long it was there beyond the period of crisis. 1513:

rang for 12 minutes. This indicated that letters were to be taken to Rialto for dispatch. After another 12 minutes, the

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The tower remained of strategic importance to the city. Access to visiting foreign dignitaries was allowed only by the

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Venezia, campanile San Marco 'guarito' con il titanio: Tolte transenne dopo 5 anni lavori per consolidare fondazioni'

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Its peak is high such that the splendour of the gold with which it is sheathed manifests itself to navigators at 200

1838:, claimed that the square was more beautiful without the tower and that any replica would have no historical value, 5611:

Il campanile di San Marco nuovamente in pericolo?: squarcio di storia vissuta di Venezia degli ultimi cinquant'anni

2341: 773:

with the sword and the scales. She sits on a throne supported by lions on either side in allusion to the throne of

716: 5604:, ed. by G. Berchet, N. Barozzi, and M. Allegri, 58 vols (Venezia: Berchet, N. Barozzi, and M. Allegri, 1879–1903) 5186:

Several sources provide information on the ringing of the bells of St Mark's, including Giovanni Nicolò Doglioni,

1409:

at termination (=sunrise + A + 1 hr) workday begins for government, mechanical guilds, and Arsenal

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Ceremoniale Magnum, sive raccolta universale di tutte le ceremonie spettanti alla Ducal Regia Capella di S. Marco

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suggest that the laying of the foundation for the tower continued during the reigns of his immediate successors,

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The campanile inspired the designs of other towers worldwide, especially in the areas belonging to the former

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Guide to Colorado Historic Places: Sites Supported by the Colorado Historical Society's State Historical Fund

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announced the sessions of the Great Council. In the event that the council was to meet in the afternoon, the

4916:"McKinley Hill : Venice Grand Canal Mall Guide (Piazza, Gondola Ride, Shops, Restaurants and Cineplex)" 1862:

In addition to the sums appropriated by the commune and the province, a personal donation arrived from King

1730:

of St Mark's, the procurators of Saint Mark, and the Grand Chancellor (the highest ranking civil servant).

2068: 2047: 2026: 2005: 1984: 1599: 660:

The belfry and spire as designed by Giorgio Spavento in 1489 and first executed by Pietro Bon (1512–1514)

416: 5095:

The legend of Venice's birth on 21 March 421 is traceable to at least the thirteenth-century chronicler

4841: 1206:(Terce), the traditional moment of the liturgical mid-morning prayer. At the end of the thirty minutes, 211:, 12 metres (39 ft) wide on each side and 50 metres (160 ft) tall. The belfry is topped by an 1060: 590:(1486), showing the bell tower after the restoration of 1405–1406 (left) and detail from the engraving 4502: 2301: 5863: 5669: 5597: 5429:

Lupo, Giorgio, 'Il restauro ottocentesco della Loggetta sansoviniana in Piazza San Marco a Venezia',

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before being transported to Saint Mark's Square for storage. They were formally blessed by Cardinal

5893: 1927:

at the time of the first French occupation (May 1797 – January 1798). They were completely remade.

1887: 989: 404:) to protect Venice from invasion by sea. These fortifications included a wall that started at the 30: 2126:

were made to ensure the same sizes and shapes. The original bronze was then remelted, and the new

1210:

was celebrated in St Mark's. Also, the workday began for the workmen in the Arsenal, the artisans

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sentries who protected the entry to the Doge's Palace whenever the Great Council was in session.

350: 1895:

The ceremony to mark the commencement of the actual reconstruction took place on 25 April 1903,

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in 1820, again by Dalla Venezia, to create a new series of five bells. Of these bells, only the

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Reconstruction of the bell tower in 1911, showing the mobile scaffold that was removed in July.

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and is recurrent on the façade of the Doge's Palace. The remaining sides of the attic have the

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to impede navigation and block access to the centre of the city was installed at the height of

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to two hours. After Wednesday of Holy Week, domestic heat in the evening was not allowed. See

5198:(Venezia: Gio. Battista Recurti), 1745, pp. 25–28; and the manuscript Giambattista Pace, 4680: 944:

in 1640. The damage must have been extensive on this occasion, given the repair cost of 1,230

5760: 5738: 2117: 2100: 1780: 1427:(=sunset + 72 min) first night-watch shift present for duty in Saint Mark's Square 966: 624: 597: 540: 424: 272: 220: 181: 153: 1560:(harangue) in reference to the court proceedings within the Palace. The alternative name of 937: 758: 668:

lit to illuminate the tower in celebration of the Venetian victory over the Genoese at the

454: 420: 409: 243: 212: 172: 5283:

Platea Sancti Marci: I luoghi marciani dall'XI al XIII secolo e la formazione della piazza

5190:(Venetia: Damian Zenaro, 1598), pp. 87–91; Francesco Sansovino and Giovanni Stringa, 1592:

of sunrise and the sentence was carried out in the morning. Death sentences issued by the

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Pietro Bon, consultant architect and buildings manager for the procurators of Saint Mark

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Of the five bells cast by Domenico Canciani Dalla Venezia in 1820, only the largest, the

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struck for 12 minutes, ending at two hours after sunset. The night watch then began. The

953: 824: 492: 484: 305: 996:

and other nobles from the belfry. Three days later, the telescope was presented to doge

323: 4978: 2444: 2432: 2397: 2378: 2222: 2151: 2108: 1825: 1707: 1572:(prayer) invoked supplications for the soul of the condemned. After the execution, the 1186:, the largest bell, derived its name from this particular function in reference to the 981: 836: 782: 500: 462: 216: 5623: 5532: 5513: 5497: 5478: 5459: 5443: 5391: 5375: 5359: 5343: 5318: 5302: 5286: 5043: 4582: 4545: 2460: 1896: 1663:

was then rung in the morning, with the prescribed series of strokes, followed by the

793: 786: 607: 564: 532: 232: 141: 5636:

Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa": da torre medievale a campanile rinascimentale

4768:"Cercador Patrimoni Arquitèctonic: Torres d'Accés al Recinte de l'Exposició de 1929" 1835: 1618: 573: 5798: 5692: 5096: 4561: 1715: 1594: 922: 917:

for the maintenance of the buildings administered by the procurators of Saint Mark

886: 686: 682: 544: 508: 433: 281: 201: 168: 164:(the master of the house). It is one of the most recognizable symbols of the city. 133: 5716: 4667: 2271: 945: 5810: 4799: 2414: 1766: 1671: 1437:(=sunset + 2 hr) first night-watch shift begins in Saint Mark's Square 1171: 997: 985: 949: 766: 731: 377: 314: 227:. The tower is capped by a pyramidal spire at the top of which there is a golden 188:

were first added in the twelfth century. In the fourteenth century the spire was

5721: 2245: 2142:

were cast on 24 April 1909, the vigil of St Mark's Feast. After two months, the

1157: 5790: 5108: 2368: 2195:

Composite panoramic view of Venice as seen, looking south-west, from the belfry

1727: 1581: 1207: 1179: 868: 844: 643: 592: 587: 524: 477: 397: 5021:

Medieval chronicles variously date the beginning of construction between 897 (

4627:, trans. by André Naffis-Sahely (New York: New Vessel Press, 2014), p. 70 1943: 885:

rebuild the structure. The commission was given to the sculptor and architect

632: 483:

Fabrication of the actual tower seems to have begun during the brief reign of

5837: 4957:

has led some historians to alternatively place the origin of the wall on the

2452: 1830: 848: 819:

A novelty with respect to the earlier tower, the statue also functioned as a

751: 740: 543:

and is credited with the construction of the bell tower. His portrait in the

516: 396:

A series of fortifications was consequently erected during the reign of Doge

75: 62: 5726: 5524: 4185:"Stadtchronik 1902: Bemerkenswertes, Kurioses und Alltägliches" (in German) 2385: 2225:. Similar bell towers, albeit smaller, exist at the Church of San Rocco in 1821: 1690:, in reference to the early name of the Senate when members were 'prayed' ( 1637:

first rang for 15 minutes, immediately after Third Hour. After midday, the

1549: 840: 820: 770: 762: 691: 470: 261: 228: 224: 5447: 5363: 5340:

Venezia romanica: la formazione della città medioevale fino all'età gotica

5290: 5194:(Venetia: Altobello Salicato,1604), fols 202v–204r; Giuseppe Filosi, 4670:, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, January 14, 1997, p. 3 1474:

then rang continuously for 30 minutes: from this particular function, the

515:), construction resumed, and it advanced considerably during the reign of 491:) but did not progress far. Political strife during the ensuing reigns of 247:

Reconstruction of Saint Mark's Square as it was in the early tenth century

2096: 1202:(half third), from the time of the day since it rang between sunrise and 1048: 778: 381: 197: 831:(1581), that the idea of a weather vane atop the new tower derived from 5711: 2143: 1871: 1463: 1203: 428: 386: 176: 149: 5620:

Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science

5440:

Un secolo all'ombra, crollo e ricostruzione del Campanile di San Marco

5342:, 2 vols (Venezia: Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, 2003) 1440:

at termination second night-watch shift begins in Saint Mark's Square

1198:

then rang continuously for thirty minutes. The bell derived its name,

1013: 5510:

The Genius of Venice: Piazza San Marco and the Making of the Republic

1723: 1703: 1491: 1490:

rang (9 series of 10 strokes for three times) to mark the vespertine

932:

Plaque in the belfry commemorating the demonstration of the telescope

832: 450: 2122:

of Milan. The fragments of the four bells were first assembled, and

638:), that mariners looked to the gilded spire as a 'welcoming star': 600:(1500), showing the bell tower temporarily roofed after 1489 (right) 5661: 4793:

Historical Structures and Landscape Report: Jones Beach State Park'

4581:(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010), p. 315 2158:

in attendance, prior to being raised to the new belfry on 22 June.

2123: 673:

In response to this latest calamity, the procurators of Saint Mark

390: 376:

as well as several smaller towns and settlements in and around the

193: 1486:). When the ringing stopped, work began again. An hour later, the 473:

and were salvaged from ruins on the mainland. For the foundation,

5554:

De situ urbis Venetae. De praetoris officio. De viris illustribus

2337:

the Sretenskaya church (1892) in Bogucharovo, Tula region, Russia

2154:, patriarch of Venice, on 15 June 1910 in a ceremony with Prince 1906:, later Pope Pius X, and the laying of the cornerstone by Prince 925:, the government shipyards. The tower was damaged twice in 1582. 797: 774: 665: 620: 549:"Sub me admistrandi operis campanile Sancti Marci construitur..." 523:). No further additions were made to the tower until the time of 373: 365: 208: 189: 1682:

followed and rang for 18 minutes. Because of this function, the

1552:

in 1355. In 1569, it was moved to the tower. The earliest name,

623:, rendering the tower visible to distant ships in the Adriatic. 380:. Although the Venetians ultimately defeated the Magyars on the 5803: 5650: 5227:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999), pp. 241–242 2468: 2331: 2234: 2173:

Ufficio Regionale per la Conservazione dei Monumenti del Veneto

1903: 1223: 157: 4579:

Buildings of Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania

2439:

As symbols of Venice, replicas of the campanile also exist at

2388:(1914) on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley 1816:

was destroyed. The basilica itself was unharmed, although the

694:

for the control of the mainland precluded any further action.

664:

The spire was once again destroyed in 1403 when flames from a

5299:

Benjamin Franklin, Genius of Kites, Flights and Voting Rights

2456: 2448: 2230: 1911: 1881: 1052: 615: 474: 369: 185: 5578:

Venetia città nobilissima et singolare descritta in 14 libri

4708:

Berkeley's Campanile has a connection to Renaissance Venice'

1641:

resounded (4 series of 50 strokes followed by 5 of 25). The

1422:

workday ends for government, mechanical guilds, and Arsenal

872:

The loggetta of the bell tower, designed by Jacopo Sansovino

851:, depicting the Virgin Mary opposite the archangel Gabriel. 4542:

Spaces of Global Cultures: Architecture, Urbanism, Identity

3839:

Le cose maravigliose et notabili della citta' di Venetia...

2226: 1039: 1178:

also notified labourers to prepare for the workday which,

5196:

Narrazione Istorica Del Campanile Di San Marco In Venezia

4599:

Seattle Historical Sites, Summary for 301 S Jackson ST S'

2403:

the Campanile (1922–1924) in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

5531:(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001) 2481:

List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

876:

In the fifteenth century, the procurators of Saint Mark

5413:

Historia di la magna torre dicta campaniel di San Marco

4744:, Simon van der Stel Foundation, 24 (April 1989), 24–27 4657:(Englewood, CO: Westcliffe Publishers, 2007) p. 92 4577:

Donnelly, Lu, H. David Brumble IV, and Franklin Toker,

3724: 3722: 1613: 1521:

signalled the moment to extinguish fires in the homes.

1745: 1445:

A = the time employed to ring 16 series of 18 strokes

940:

took up repairs after lightning struck, having become

5162:. But the historical texts clearly indicate that the 2265:

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower in New York

389:

who routinely menaced Venetian shipping lanes in the

5869:

Religious buildings and structures completed in 1514

4120: 4118: 3719: 3706: 3704: 1419:(=midday + A + 1 hr) work break ends 1162:

At dawn, with the first appearance of daylight, the

800:, was placed at the top of the spire. In his diary, 539:) then raised the height to the actual level of the 4813:"Wigan Pier Quarter: Townscape Heritage Initiative" 2728:

Il campanile di San Marco nuovamente in pericolo...

2535:

Il campanile di San Marco nuovamente in pericolo...

1874:of Munich donated the scaffolding on 22 July 1902. 1655:rang the previous evening for 15 minutes after the 1568:(evil, wicked), recalled the criminal act, whereas 192:, making the tower visible to distant ships in the 5105:Liber partium consilii magnifice comunitatis Padue 3757: 3755: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3297:Lupo, 'Il restauro ottocentesco della Loggetta...' 1190:(carpenters) who worked in the Arsenal. After the 956:, installed a lightning rod, the first in Venice. 5223:, in Ellen E. Kittell and Thomas F. Madden, ed., 4115: 3701: 2233:, Slovenia, and at the Church of Sant'Eufemia in 1580:. Whenever capital punishment was ordered by the 1218:, the bell located in the tower of the Church of 1139:survived the collapse of the bell tower in 1902. 823:, turning so that it always faced into the wind. 722:Weather vane in the form of the archangel Gabriel 5835: 4697:(Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge, 2013), p. 90 4336: 4334: 4332: 1722:foreign ambassadors who had died in Venice, the 5315:Centenario del campanile di san Marco 1912–2012 5301:(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2004) 4740:Bodil, Tennyson Smith, 'Tower of Remembrance', 4473:'San Marco. Il consolidamento del campanile'... 4461:'San Marco. Il consolidamento del campanile'... 3752: 3651: 3412: 3410: 2874: 2872: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2374:the Rathaus (Town Hall) (1911) in Kiel, Germany 2200: 1891:, 5–12 May 1912, with the inauguration ceremony 1451:Third Hour was signalled by the ringing of the 1432:(=sunset + 96 min) letters to Rialto 5543:'San Marco. Il consolidamento del campanile', 5477:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981) 5103:. It appears in the writings of Jacopo Dondi ( 4668:Designation List 276, LP-1949: 14 Wall Street' 4562:АТАКА КЛОНОВ: колокольня в усадьбе Богучарово' 2443:in Las Vegas, Nevada and at its sister resort 1536:The smallest bell, known alternatively as the 681:(consultant architect and buildings manager), 5677: 4755:A Brief History Of The Oakland Tribune Tower' 4725:Once Upon A City: Creating Toronto’s skyline' 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4329: 3830: 2706: 2704: 1194:ceased, a half hour of silence followed. The 5547:, anno XIV, n. 1 (gennaio/marzo 2008), 55–62 5545:Quaderni Trimestrali Consorzio Venezia Nuova 3407: 2869: 2681: 2637: 2635: 1752:Loggetta del Sansovino § Reconstruction 1726:and sons of the doge, the patriarch and the 1182:, varied in length throughout the year. The 619:occasion, the copper plates were covered in 415:Integral to this defensive network, an iron 175:, the campanile was initially intended as a 5356:Le incursioni ungare in Europa nel secolo X 4760: 2854: 2498: 2496: 1470:ceased, a half hour of silence ensued. The 810: 647: 5684: 5670: 5529:Myths of Venice: the Figuration of a State 5424:(Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Muhely, 1996) 4889: 4684:(Kiel: Landeshauptstadt Kiel, July, 2018) 4604: 2701: 1524:Midnight was marked by the ringing of the 29: 5899:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Italy 5656:Campanile of St. Mark's Basilica (Venice) 5590:Venetia città nobilissima et singolare... 5312: 5262: 5192:Venetia città nobilissima et singolare... 4445: 4430: 4340: 4290: 4275: 4154: 4139: 4124: 4106: 4091: 4046: 4031: 4001: 3986: 3971: 3956: 3585:Venetia città nobilissima et singolare... 3447: 3398: 3353: 3308: 3164:Venetia città nobilissima et singolare... 3103: 2632: 2463:in Lake Buena Vista, Florida; and at the 2356:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower 2330:the mill chimney of India Mill (1867) in 2229:, Italy, at the Church of San Giorgio in 1659:marked the end of the day at sunset. The 1406:opening of ghetto and St Mark's Basilica 5401: 5265:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 5138: 5136: 4977:The fourteenth-century map of Venice by 4448:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4433:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4415: 4370: 4343:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4320: 4293:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4278:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4260: 4230: 4215: 4200: 4169: 4157:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4142:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4127:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4109:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4094:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4079:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 4064:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 4049:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4034:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 4004:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3989:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3974:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3959:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3866: 3821: 3692: 3627: 3612: 3567: 3537: 3522: 3492: 3477: 3462: 3450:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3416: 3401:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3383: 3368: 3356:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3338: 3323: 3311:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3133: 3106:Centenario del campanile di san Marco... 3013: 2998: 2986:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2968: 2938: 2923: 2911:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2878: 2863:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2845: 2830: 2803:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2785: 2770: 2758:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2743:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2713:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2505:Il cambio d'abito del "Paron de casa"... 2493: 1880: 1853: 1617: 1012: 927: 867: 655: 242: 238: 5410: 5406:(Venezia: Tip. libreria emiliana, 1912) 5238: 5203: 5171: 5142:Some modern lists give the sequence as 5080: 5032: 4601:, Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, 4544:(London: Routledge, 2004), p. 214 4016: 3941: 3926: 3911: 3896: 3851: 3806: 3791: 3776: 3761: 3743: 3728: 3710: 3677: 3662: 3642: 3597: 3221: 3058: 3028: 2815: 2692: 1697: 1602:were carried out in the afternoon, the 5836: 5638:(Venezia: Società Duri i banchi, 2012) 5622:(New York: Sterling Publishing, 2009) 5617: 5572: 5556:(Venetia, Damiano da Gorgonzola, 1494) 5453: 5437: 5422:Hungarian History in the Ninth Century 5353: 5328: 4892:"5 Facts About EPCOT's Italy Pavilion" 4866:"Venetian Macau: Asia's largest hotel" 4839: 4770:(in Catalan). Barcelona city council. 4400: 4385: 4305: 4245: 3881: 3552: 3507: 3281: 3266: 3251: 3236: 3161: 3043: 2953: 2565:Hungarian History in the Ninth Century 2547: 2080:The Blessing of the Bells of St Mark's 1576:was rung for a half hour and then the 1000:from the loggia of the Doge's Palace. 829:Venetia città nobilissima et singolare 792:On 6 July 1513 a wooden statue of the 39:Click on the map for a fullscreen view 5665: 5608: 5188:Historia Venetiana scritta brevemente 5133: 2893: 2725: 2532: 1174:were also opened. The ringing of the 419:that could be pulled taut across the 5884:Towers completed in the 16th century 5691: 5584: 5542: 5488: 5404:Il campanile di San Marco in Venezia 4962: 4472: 4460: 4418:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4373:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4323:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4263:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4233:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4218:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4203:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 4172:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3869:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3824:Il campanile di san Marco di Venezia 3695:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3630:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3615:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3582: 3570:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3540:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3525:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3495:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3480:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3465:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3419:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3386:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3371:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3341:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3326:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3136:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3016:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 3001:Il campanile di San Marco in Venezia 2971:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2941:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2926:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2881:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2848:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2833:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2788:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2773:Il campanile di san Marco in Venezia 2608: 2381:(1913–1915) in Boston, Massachusetts 1614:Convocation of government assemblies 1531: 1166:rang (16 series of 18 strokes). The 889:, the immediate successor to Bon as 827:suggested in his guide to the city, 614:). It was surmounted by a pyramidal 16:Basilica bell tower in Venice, Italy 5785:Columns of San Marco and San Todaro 5633: 5560: 5551: 5419: 5337: 5296: 5221:Curfew Time in the Ghetto of Venice 5006: 4890:DiCologero, Brittany (2020-12-09). 4076: 4061: 3836: 3431: 2983: 2908: 2860: 2800: 2755: 2740: 2710: 2657: 2562: 2502: 1746:Collapse and rebuilding (1902–1912) 1248:sunrise + A + 30 min 1151: 554: 119:Giorgio Spavento (belfry and spire) 13: 5854:Collapsed buildings and structures 5849:Buildings and structures in Venice 5596: 5592:(Venetia: Altobello Salicato,1604) 5507: 5475:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice 5428: 5390:(Roma: GLF editori Laterza, 2007) 5385: 5369: 5280: 5127:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice 5060: 5042:(Roma: Newton, 1984), p. 45. 4989: 4949:The reference in the chronicle of 4355: 3296: 3206: 3118: 2672: 2641: 2623: 2592: 2577: 2517: 2410:(1923–1924) in Oakland, California 2400:(1920–1930) in Brisbane, Australia 2351:(1904–1906) in Seattle, Washington 1267:midday + A + 30 min 974:Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia 627:records in his guide to the city, 14: 5910: 5643: 5580:(Venetia: Iacomo Sansovino, 1581) 5568:(Venetia: Domenico Imberti, 1612) 5523: 4840:Oswell, Paul (February 1, 2021). 3191: 3176: 3088: 3073: 2344:(1895) in Johnstown, Pennsylvania 1678:, which rang for 12 minutes. The 1253:sunrise + A + 2 hr 893:to the procurators of Saint Mark 606:The first belfry was added under 5649: 5496:(New York: Vintage Books, 1982) 5469: 5388:Galileo: la lotta per la scienza 5247: 5124: 4908: 4883: 4858: 4833: 4805: 4785: 4747: 4734: 4717: 4700: 4687: 4681:Kiel City Hall: Facts and Sights 4673: 4660: 4647: 4630: 4591: 4571: 4554: 4534: 4521: 4508: 4495: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4439: 4424: 4409: 4394: 4379: 4364: 4349: 4314: 4299: 4284: 4269: 4254: 4239: 4224: 4209: 4194: 4178: 4163: 4148: 4133: 4100: 4085: 4070: 4055: 4040: 4025: 4010: 3995: 3980: 3965: 3950: 3935: 3920: 3905: 3890: 3875: 3860: 3845: 2435:in Wigan, Greater Manchester, UK 2312: 2300: 2286: 2270: 2258: 2244: 2184: 2065:1,011 kilograms (2,229 lb) 2044:1,366 kilograms (3,012 lb) 2023:1,807 kilograms (3,984 lb) 2002:2,556 kilograms (5,635 lb) 1981:3,625 kilograms (7,992 lb) 1942: 1846:) was the prevailing sentiment. 1779: 1765: 1158:Hour § Counting from sunset 1027: 952:, professor of astronomy at the 907: 715: 701: 572: 563: 507:) precluded further work. Under 260: 5433:, n. 10, anno V (2018), 129–161 5415:(Vinegia: Zuanne Fabbris, 1910) 5274: 5230: 5225:Medieval and Renaissance Venice 5212: 5180: 5089: 5069: 5052: 5015: 4999: 4774:from the original on 2024-05-26 4714:, 21 September 2002, p. 1 3815: 3800: 3785: 3770: 3737: 3686: 3671: 3636: 3621: 3606: 3591: 3576: 3561: 3546: 3531: 3516: 3501: 3486: 3471: 3456: 3441: 3425: 3392: 3377: 3362: 3347: 3332: 3317: 3302: 3290: 3275: 3260: 3245: 3230: 3215: 3200: 3185: 3170: 3155: 3142: 3127: 3112: 3097: 3082: 3067: 3052: 3037: 3022: 3007: 2992: 2977: 2962: 2947: 2932: 2917: 2902: 2887: 2839: 2824: 2809: 2794: 2779: 2764: 2749: 2734: 2719: 2666: 2651: 2617: 2602: 2417:(1927–1929) in Barcelona, Spain 1772:Ruins of the bell tower in 1902 646:like a star that greets them. ( 439: 5744:Treasury of St Mark's Basilica 5732:National Archaeological Museum 5442:(Belluno: Momenti Aics, 2002) 5374:(London: Profile Books, 2010) 5333:(Venetia: Damian Zenaro, 1598) 4971: 4943: 4644:, 29 December 1907, p. 5 2586: 2571: 2556: 2541: 2526: 2511: 2431:the water tower of the former 1606:ringing immediately after the 745:who had succeeded Spavento as 584:Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam 1: 5879:Tourist attractions in Venice 5241:Historia di la magna torre... 5206:Historia di la magna torre... 5174:Historia di la magna torre... 5083:Historia di la magna torre... 5035:Historia di la magna torre... 5024:Chronicon Venetum et Gradense 4019:Historia di la magna torre... 3944:Historia di la magna torre... 3929:Historia di la magna torre... 3914:Historia di la magna torre... 3899:Historia di la magna torre... 3854:Historia di la magna torre... 3809:Historia di la magna torre... 3794:Historia di la magna torre... 3779:Historia di la magna torre... 3764:Historia di la magna torre... 3746:Historia di la magna torre... 3731:Historia di la magna torre... 3713:Historia di la magna torre... 3680:Historia di la magna torre... 3665:Historia di la magna torre... 3645:Historia di la magna torre... 3600:Historia di la magna torre... 3224:Historia di la magna torre... 3061:Historia di la magna torre... 3031:Historia di la magna torre... 2818:Historia di la magna torre... 2695:Historia di la magna torre... 2486: 2424:(1930), Long Island, New York 2340:the right-hand bell-tower of 2062:116 centimetres (46 in) 2041:129 centimetres (51 in) 2020:138 centimetres (54 in) 1999:156 centimetres (61 in) 1978:180 centimetres (71 in) 1925:fall of the Venetian Republic 1849: 1844:"where it was and how it was" 5859:History of Venice after 1797 2371:(1910–1912) in New York City 2358:(1905–1909) in New York City 2319:Venetian Towers in Barcelona 2307:India Mill Chimney in Darwen 2216: 2201:Restoration work (2007–2013) 1934: 1824:for the reconstruction. The 1733: 1142: 897:. It was completed in 1546. 757:The four sides of the brick 7: 5329:Doglioni, Giovanni Nicolò, 5317:(Venezia: Supernova, 2012) 2474: 2165: 2078:Image: Giuseppe Cherubini, 1899:, with the blessing by the 1756: 1588:rang immediately after the 1528:(16 series of 18 strokes). 1498:(15 series of 16 strokes). 1455:(15 series of 16 strokes). 857: 10: 5915: 5512:(New York: Rizzoli, 2013) 3588:, 1604 edn, fol. 202v 2365:(1910) in Denver, Colorado 2363:Daniels & Fisher Tower 2277:Daniels & Fisher Tower 1749: 1494:which was followed by the 1444: 1155: 1008: 861: 5819: 5770: 5699: 5613:(Venezia: Lombroso, 1953) 5358:(Firenze: Sansoni, 1945) 4712:The Berkeley Daily Planet 3124:, XVI (1886), 6 July 1513 2394:(1916) in Toronto, Canada 2092:, survived the collapse. 2077: 1941: 1220:San Giovanni Elemosinario 1061:lost to the Ottoman Turks 427:. In addition, a massive 123: 115: 107: 99: 95:98.6 metres (323 ft) 91: 54: 44: 37: 28: 23: 5889:Towers completed in 1912 5552:Sabellico, Marcantonio, 5111:, Bernardo Giustiniani, 5040:I dogi: storia e segreti 4937: 4695:Boston: A Visual History 3212:, XVIII (1887), col. 246 1888:La Domenica del Corriere 1710:, all the bells rang in 1414:beginning of work break 1003: 612:in office 1156–1172 582:Detail from the woodcut 537:in office 1147–1156 529:in office 1071–1084 444: 5761:Church of San Geminiano 5458:(Milano: Electa, 2000) 5297:Block, Seymour Stanton 5107:, fourteenth century), 3872:, pp. 55 and 57–58 3583:Sansovino and Stringa, 2550:Le incursioni ungare... 2465:Venice Grand Canal Mall 2209:Beginning in 2007, the 2111:, and the owner of the 1787:Pinckney Marcius-Simons 796:, plated in copper and 145: 5825:Piazzetta dei Leoncini 5707:Loggetta del Sansovino 5588:and Giovanni Stringa, 5438:Marchesini, Maurizia, 5117:Marc'Antonio Sabellico 5101:Les estoires de Venise 5063:Platea Sancti Marci... 4566:АРХИТЕКТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ 4529:Il Duomo di S.Eufemia' 4503:La città e il turista' 4403:Un secolo all'ombra... 4388:Un secolo all'ombra... 4308:Un secolo all'ombra... 4248:Un secolo all'ombra... 3046:Un secolo all'ombra... 2956:Un secolo all'ombra... 2675:Platea Sancti Marci... 2422:Jones Beach State Park 2146:to harmonize with the 2107:, the director of the 1892: 1859: 1686:was also known as the 1674:were announced by the 1626: 1462:derived its name from 1180:determined by sunlight 1035: 933: 873: 864:Loggetta del Sansovino 817: 811: 661: 654: 648: 521:in office 979–991 513:in office 976–978 505:in office 959–976 497:in office 942–959 489:in office 939–942 467:in office 932–939 459:in office 912–932 402:in office 887–911 248: 171:near the mouth of the 146:Canpanièl de San Marco 138:Campanile di San Marco 137: 5411:Gattinoni, Gregorio, 5402:Gattinoni, Gregorio, 5313:Distefano, Giovanni, 4693:Beagle, Jonathan M., 4516:Attrazioni culturali' 3884:Historia Venetiana... 3510:Renaissance Genius... 2899:, c. c iiir 2896:De situ urbis Venetae 2392:North Toronto Station 2293:North Toronto Station 2211:Magistrato alle Acque 2105:St Anthony's in Padua 1931:allegedly been laid. 1884: 1857: 1621: 1595:Quarantia al Criminal 1016: 931: 871: 835:’ description of the 806: 804:recorded the event: 659: 640: 629:De Venetae urbis situ 625:Marcantonio Sabellico 499:) and, particularly, 246: 239:Historical background 215:with effigies of the 5844:Bell towers in Italy 5756:St Mark's Clocktower 5658:at Wikimedia Commons 5586:Sansovino, Francesco 5574:Sansovino, Francesco 5562:Sansovino, Francesco 5490:Norwich, John Julius 5338:Dorigo, Wladimiro, 5166:was larger than the 4723:Brandbeer, Janice, ' 4653:Noel, Thomas Jacob, 3498:, pp. 96 and 98 2626:The Genius of Venice 2580:The Genius of Venice 2101:Church of Sant'Elena 1698:Holy days and events 1670:The meetings of the 1119:, together with the 938:Baldassarre Longhena 785:, the symbol of the 455:Orso II Participazio 410:Santa Maria Iubanico 5780:Biblioteca Marciana 5751:St Mark's Campanile 5618:Whitehouse, David, 5494:A History of Venice 5209:, pp. 166–172. 5177:, pp. 147–148. 5121:Francesco Sansovino 5009:Venezia romanica... 4992:Platea Sancti Marci 4965:A History of Venice 4955:rivulus de Castello 4623:Settis, Salvatore, 4531:, Città d Rovigno, 2660:Venezia romanica... 2644:Platea Sancti Marci 2611:A History of Venice 2595:Platea Sancti Marci 2349:King Street Station 2347:the clock tower at 1901:patriarch of Venice 1897:St Mark's feast day 1864:Victor Emmanuel III 1840:"dov’era e com’era" 1482:(behind, or after, 1233: 971:, professor at the 954:University of Padua 825:Francesco Sansovino 493:Pietro III Candiano 485:Pietro Participazio 406:rivulus de Castello 254:Saint Mark's Square 231:in the form of the 221:allegorical figures 169:Saint Mark's Square 130:St Mark's Campanile 76:45.4340°N 12.3390°E 72: / 48:Saint Mark's Square 24:St Mark’s Campanile 5874:St Mark's Basilica 5739:St Mark's Basilica 5454:Morresi, Manuela, 5029:Agostini Chronicle 4979:Paolino da Venezia 4798:2019-12-30 at the 4706:Finacom, Steven, ' 4642:The New York Times 4568:, 31 January 2008 4540:King, Anthony D., 4505:, Comune di Dolo, 4376:, pp. 128–129 4236:, pp. 123–125 4206:, pp. 121–122 4175:, pp. 117–118 4022:, pp. 121–123 3947:, pp. 291–299 3932:, pp. 271–275 3917:, pp. 266–270 3902:, pp. 264–266 3857:, pp. 191–192 3734:, pp. 175–178 3603:, pp. 141–144 3555:Historia Venetiana 3194:Myths of Venice... 3179:Myths of Venice... 3091:Myths of Venice... 3076:Myths of Venice... 2459:, a theme park at 2445:The Venetian Macao 2433:Trencherfield Mill 2398:Brisbane City Hall 2379:Custom House Tower 2223:Republic of Venice 2152:Aristide Cavallari 2113:Fonderia Barigozzi 2109:Milan Conservatory 1893: 1860: 1826:province of Venice 1627: 1600:Lords of the Night 1229: 1121:Campanon da Candia 1065:Campanon da Candia 1055:, dating to 1271. 1036: 992:to the procurator 962:Luigi Zandomeneghi 934: 874: 837:Tower of the Winds 783:lion of Saint Mark 662: 598:Jacopo de' Barbari 501:Pietro IV Candiano 463:Pietro II Candiano 342:Procuratie Vecchie 273:St Mark's Basilica 249: 162:"el paròn de casa" 154:St Mark's Basilica 103:ninth century–1513 5831: 5830: 5654:Media related to 5281:Agazzi, Michela, 5268:, pp. 77–78. 4996:, pp. 14–15. 4968:, pp. 37–38. 4959:island of Olivolo 3827:, pp. 54–55 3698:, pp. 51–54 3618:, pp. 61–64 3434:Benjamin Franklin 2553:, pp. 96–100 2461:Walt Disney World 2342:St. John Gualbert 2095:On 14 July 1902, 2086: 2085: 1908:Vittorio Emanuele 1532:Public executions 1449: 1448: 1032: 988:demonstrated his 794:archangel Gabriel 787:Venetian Republic 608:Vitale II Michiel 593:Veduta di Venezia 533:Domenico Morosini 233:archangel Gabriel 127: 126: 5906: 5864:Piazza San Marco 5693:Piazza San Marco 5686: 5679: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5653: 5639: 5634:Zanetto, Marco, 5630: 5614: 5609:Torres, Duilio, 5605: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5520: 5504: 5485: 5466: 5456:Jacopo Sansovino 5450: 5434: 5425: 5416: 5407: 5398: 5382: 5372:Piazza San Marco 5366: 5350: 5334: 5325: 5309: 5293: 5269: 5251: 5245: 5234: 5228: 5216: 5210: 5184: 5178: 5140: 5131: 5097:Martino da Canal 5093: 5087: 5073: 5067: 5056: 5050: 5019: 5013: 5012:, I, p. 24. 5003: 4997: 4987: 4975: 4969: 4947: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4817: 4809: 4803: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4764: 4758: 4753:Lau, Victoria, ' 4751: 4745: 4738: 4732: 4731:, 24 March 2016 4721: 4715: 4704: 4698: 4691: 4685: 4677: 4671: 4664: 4658: 4651: 4645: 4634: 4628: 4621: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4575: 4569: 4558: 4552: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4512: 4506: 4499: 4493: 4492:, 23 April 2013 4482: 4476: 4475:, pp. 58–61 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4451:, pp. 70–71 4443: 4437: 4428: 4422: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4368: 4362: 4358:Piazza San Marco 4353: 4347: 4338: 4327: 4318: 4312: 4311:, pp. 94–95 4303: 4297: 4288: 4282: 4281:, pp. 64–65 4273: 4267: 4258: 4252: 4243: 4237: 4228: 4222: 4213: 4207: 4198: 4192: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4145:, pp. 50–52 4137: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4082:, pp. 35–36 4074: 4068: 4059: 4053: 4052:, pp. 44–45 4044: 4038: 4037:, pp. 41–43 4029: 4023: 4014: 4008: 3999: 3993: 3992:, pp. 39–40 3984: 3978: 3977:, pp. 36–38 3969: 3963: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3924: 3918: 3909: 3903: 3894: 3888: 3879: 3873: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3774: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3684: 3675: 3669: 3660: 3649: 3640: 3634: 3625: 3619: 3610: 3604: 3595: 3589: 3580: 3574: 3565: 3559: 3550: 3544: 3543:, pp. 51–54 3535: 3529: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3460: 3454: 3453:, pp. 31–32 3445: 3439: 3429: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3404:, pp. 30–31 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3336: 3330: 3329:, pp. 37–38 3321: 3315: 3314:, pp. 26–27 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3284:Jacopo Sansovino 3279: 3273: 3269:Jacopo Sansovino 3264: 3258: 3254:Jacopo Sansovino 3249: 3243: 3239:Jacopo Sansovino 3234: 3228: 3219: 3213: 3204: 3198: 3197:, pp. 16–18 3189: 3183: 3182:, pp. 12–16 3174: 3168: 3167:, fol. 106r 3159: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3139:, pp. 73–74 3131: 3125: 3116: 3110: 3101: 3095: 3094:, pp. 32–36 3086: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3056: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3026: 3020: 3019:, pp. 32–34 3011: 3005: 3004:, pp. 23–25 2996: 2990: 2981: 2975: 2974:, pp. 21–22 2966: 2960: 2951: 2945: 2936: 2930: 2921: 2915: 2906: 2900: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2843: 2837: 2828: 2822: 2821:, pp. 33–39 2813: 2807: 2798: 2792: 2783: 2777: 2768: 2762: 2761:, pp. 12–13 2753: 2747: 2738: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2679: 2670: 2664: 2655: 2649: 2639: 2630: 2629:, pp. 30–31 2621: 2615: 2614:, pp. 37–38 2606: 2600: 2590: 2584: 2575: 2569: 2560: 2554: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2524: 2520:Piazza San Marco 2515: 2509: 2500: 2334:, Lancashire, UK 2316: 2304: 2290: 2274: 2262: 2248: 2188: 2144:bells were tuned 2121: 1946: 1939: 1938: 1818:pietra del bando 1814:Marciana Library 1791:Stones of Venice 1783: 1769: 1478:was also termed 1289:sunset + 108 min 1234: 1231:Venetian workday 1228: 1152:Times of the day 1034: 1033: 970: 887:Jacopo Sansovino 814: 744: 719: 705: 687:wars in Lombardy 683:Giorgio Spavento 651: 637: 613: 576: 567: 555:Belfry and spire 538: 530: 522: 514: 509:Pietro I Orseolo 506: 498: 490: 468: 460: 403: 348: 339: 330: 324:Procuratie Nuove 321: 312: 306:Marciana Library 303: 293: 288: 279: 270: 264: 202:Giorgio Spavento 87: 86: 84: 83: 82: 81:45.4340; 12.3390 77: 73: 70: 69: 68: 65: 33: 21: 20: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5894:Towers in Italy 5834: 5833: 5832: 5827: 5815: 5766: 5695: 5690: 5646: 5420:Kristó, Gyula, 5386:Festa, Egidio, 5277: 5272: 5260: 5252: 5248: 5235: 5231: 5217: 5213: 5185: 5181: 5141: 5134: 5094: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5059:over time. See 5057: 5053: 5020: 5016: 5004: 5000: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4951:John the Deacon 4948: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4925: 4923: 4922:. June 14, 2022 4914: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4898: 4888: 4884: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4850: 4848: 4838: 4834: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4800:Wayback Machine 4790: 4786: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4752: 4748: 4739: 4735: 4722: 4718: 4705: 4701: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4674: 4665: 4661: 4652: 4648: 4635: 4631: 4622: 4605: 4596: 4592: 4576: 4572: 4559: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4526: 4522: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4496: 4483: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4444: 4440: 4429: 4425: 4414: 4410: 4399: 4395: 4384: 4380: 4369: 4365: 4354: 4350: 4339: 4330: 4319: 4315: 4304: 4300: 4289: 4285: 4274: 4270: 4259: 4255: 4244: 4240: 4229: 4225: 4214: 4210: 4199: 4195: 4183: 4179: 4168: 4164: 4153: 4149: 4138: 4134: 4123: 4116: 4105: 4101: 4090: 4086: 4075: 4071: 4060: 4056: 4045: 4041: 4030: 4026: 4015: 4011: 4000: 3996: 3985: 3981: 3970: 3966: 3955: 3951: 3940: 3936: 3925: 3921: 3910: 3906: 3895: 3891: 3880: 3876: 3865: 3861: 3850: 3846: 3835: 3831: 3820: 3816: 3805: 3801: 3790: 3786: 3775: 3771: 3760: 3753: 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2557: 2546: 2542: 2531: 2527: 2516: 2512: 2501: 2494: 2489: 2477: 2471:, Philippines. 2415:Venetian Towers 2324: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2219: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2168: 2115: 2072: 2051: 2030: 2009: 1988: 1937: 1852: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1759: 1754: 1748: 1736: 1700: 1672:Venetian Senate 1616: 1556:, derived from 1534: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1418: 1398: 1384: 1376: 1371: 1363: 1358: 1284:sunset + 84 min 1279:sunset + 60 min 1273: 1261: 1254: 1232: 1160: 1154: 1145: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1011: 1006: 998:Leonardo Donato 986:Galileo Galilei 964: 950:Giuseppe Toaldo 910: 866: 860: 767:personification 738: 732:Antonio Grimani 727: 726: 725: 724: 723: 720: 711: 710: 709: 706: 670:Battle of Modon 635: 611: 604: 603: 602: 601: 579: 578: 577: 569: 568: 557: 536: 528: 520: 512: 504: 496: 488: 466: 458: 447: 442: 401: 382:Lido of Albiola 378:Venetian Lagoon 358: 357: 356: 355: 354: 353: 346: 344: 337: 335: 333:Napoleonic wing 328: 326: 319: 317: 310: 308: 301: 299: 291: 286: 284: 277: 275: 268: 265: 256: 255: 241: 217:Lion of St Mark 80: 78: 74: 71: 66: 63: 61: 59: 58: 49: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5912: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5791:Lion of Venice 5782: 5776: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5689: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5645: 5644:External links 5642: 5641: 5640: 5631: 5615: 5606: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5521: 5508:Parrot, Dial, 5505: 5486: 5467: 5451: 5435: 5426: 5417: 5408: 5399: 5383: 5370:Fenlon, Iain, 5367: 5354:Fasoli, Gina, 5351: 5335: 5326: 5310: 5294: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5258: 5257:was tuned to A 5246: 5244:, p. 190. 5229: 5211: 5179: 5132: 5109:Andrea Dandolo 5088: 5068: 5051: 5014: 4998: 4970: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4907: 4882: 4870:Business Today 4857: 4832: 4804: 4784: 4759: 4746: 4733: 4716: 4699: 4686: 4672: 4659: 4646: 4629: 4625:If Venice Dies 4603: 4590: 4570: 4553: 4533: 4520: 4507: 4494: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4438: 4423: 4408: 4393: 4378: 4363: 4348: 4328: 4313: 4298: 4283: 4268: 4253: 4238: 4223: 4208: 4193: 4177: 4162: 4147: 4132: 4114: 4099: 4084: 4069: 4054: 4039: 4024: 4009: 3994: 3979: 3964: 3949: 3934: 3919: 3904: 3889: 3874: 3859: 3844: 3829: 3814: 3799: 3784: 3769: 3751: 3736: 3718: 3700: 3685: 3670: 3650: 3635: 3620: 3605: 3590: 3575: 3560: 3545: 3530: 3515: 3500: 3485: 3470: 3455: 3440: 3424: 3406: 3391: 3376: 3361: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3301: 3289: 3274: 3259: 3244: 3229: 3214: 3199: 3184: 3169: 3154: 3141: 3126: 3111: 3096: 3081: 3066: 3051: 3036: 3021: 3006: 2991: 2976: 2961: 2946: 2931: 2929:, p. 9–17 2916: 2901: 2886: 2868: 2853: 2838: 2823: 2808: 2793: 2778: 2763: 2748: 2746:, pp. 4–5 2733: 2718: 2700: 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1428: 1425:at termination 1423: 1420: 1417:at termination 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399:of 18 strokes 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1385:of 16 strokes 1381: 1378: 1377:of 18 strokes 1373: 1372:of 16 strokes 1368: 1365: 1364:of 18 strokes 1360: 1359:of 18 strokes 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1230: 1153: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 994:Antonio Priuli 909: 906: 862:Main article: 859: 856: 845:historiography 843:. In Venetian 721: 714: 713: 712: 707: 700: 699: 698: 697: 696: 588:Erhard Reuwich 581: 580: 571: 570: 562: 561: 560: 559: 558: 556: 553: 525:Domenico Selvo 446: 443: 441: 438: 398:Pietro Tribuno 387:Slavic pirates 345: 336: 327: 318: 309: 300: 285: 276: 267: 266: 259: 258: 257: 253: 252: 251: 250: 240: 237: 125: 124: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 56: 52: 51: 46: 42: 41: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5911: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5799:Doge's Palace 5797: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5717:Caffè Florian 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5637: 5632: 5629: 5628:9781402769771 5625: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5598:Sanudo, Marin 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5525:Rosand, David 5522: 5519: 5518:9780847840533 5515: 5511: 5506: 5503: 5502:9780679721970 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5400: 5397: 5396:9788842083771 5393: 5389: 5384: 5381: 5380:9781861978851 5377: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5349: 5348:9788883142031 5345: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5324: 5323:9788896220573 5320: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5307:9780786419425 5304: 5300: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5267: 5266: 5256: 5253:The original 5250: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5175: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5085: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5065: 5064: 5055: 5049: 5048:9788854108172 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5018: 5011: 5010: 5002: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4980: 4974: 4967: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4942: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4788: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4756: 4750: 4743: 4737: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4682: 4676: 4669: 4663: 4656: 4650: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4587:9780813928234 4584: 4580: 4574: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4524: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4457: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4421:, p. 134 4420: 4419: 4412: 4406:, p. 120 4405: 4404: 4397: 4391:, p. 110 4390: 4389: 4382: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4361:, p. 147 4360: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4326:, p. 127 4325: 4324: 4317: 4310: 4309: 4302: 4295: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4279: 4272: 4266:, p. 126 4265: 4264: 4257: 4251:, p. 100 4250: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4221:, p. 123 4220: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4119: 4111: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4050: 4043: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3990: 3983: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3931: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3842:, p. 161 3841: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3812:, p. 200 3811: 3810: 3803: 3797:, p. 199 3796: 3795: 3788: 3782:, p. 198 3781: 3780: 3773: 3767:, p. 197 3766: 3765: 3758: 3756: 3749:, p. 196 3748: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3723: 3716:, p. 191 3715: 3714: 3707: 3705: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3683:, p. 188 3682: 3681: 3674: 3668:, p. 195 3667: 3666: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3648:, p. 194 3647: 3646: 3639: 3633:, p. 128 3632: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3573:, p. 135 3572: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3541: 3534: 3528:, p. 50 3527: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3451: 3444: 3437: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3420: 3413: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3328: 3327: 3320: 3313: 3312: 3305: 3299:, p. 132 3298: 3293: 3287:, p. 219 3286: 3285: 3278: 3272:, p. 215 3271: 3270: 3263: 3257:, p. 213 3256: 3255: 3248: 3242:, p. 216 3241: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3107: 3100: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3047: 3040: 3033: 3032: 3025: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3003: 3002: 2995: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2883: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2849: 2842: 2835: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2805: 2804: 2797: 2790: 2789: 2782: 2775: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2759: 2752: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2714: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2677: 2676: 2669: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2645: 2638: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2612: 2605: 2599:, p. 19. 2598: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2581: 2574: 2568:, p. 198 2567: 2566: 2559: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2536: 2529: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2420:the tower at 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2408:Tribune Tower 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2315: 2303: 2289: 2273: 2261: 2247: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2207: 2193: 2187: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2081: 2076: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1889: 1885:The issue of 1883: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1831:Daily Express 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1768: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1694:) to attend. 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1326:"Dietro Nona" 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172:Jewish Ghetto 1169: 1165: 1159: 1149: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063:, called the 1062: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1045:Great Council 1041: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 975: 968: 963: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 930: 926: 924: 920: 916: 908:Later history 905: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 882: 879: 870: 865: 855: 852: 850: 849:Rialto Bridge 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 816: 813: 805: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 755: 753: 752:Istrian stone 748: 742: 737: 733: 718: 704: 695: 693: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 667: 658: 653: 650: 645: 639: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 609: 599: 595: 594: 589: 585: 575: 566: 552: 550: 546: 545:Doge's Palace 542: 534: 526: 518: 517:Tribuno Memmo 510: 502: 494: 486: 481: 479: 476: 472: 464: 456: 452: 437: 435: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:harbour chain 413: 411: 407: 399: 394: 392: 388: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 352: 343: 334: 325: 316: 307: 298: 294: 283: 282:Doge's Palace 274: 263: 245: 236: 234: 230: 226: 223:of Venice as 222: 218: 214: 210: 205: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 85: 57: 53: 50:Venice, Italy 47: 43: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 5789: 5750: 5727:Museo Correr 5722:Caffè Quadri 5635: 5619: 5610: 5601: 5589: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5544: 5528: 5509: 5493: 5474: 5471:Muir, Edward 5455: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5403: 5387: 5371: 5355: 5339: 5330: 5314: 5298: 5282: 5275:Bibliography 5264: 5254: 5249: 5240: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5205: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5173: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5130:, pp. 70–71. 5126: 5113:Marin Sanudo 5104: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5076: 5071: 5066:, p. 16 5062: 5054: 5039: 5034: 5028: 5027:) and 1150 ( 5022: 5017: 5008: 5001: 4991: 4973: 4964: 4954: 4945: 4924:. Retrieved 4919: 4910: 4899:. Retrieved 4896:WDW Magazine 4895: 4885: 4874:. Retrieved 4872:. 2012-03-21 4869: 4860: 4849:. Retrieved 4845: 4835: 4827: 4820:. Retrieved 4818:. p. 23 4807: 4787: 4776:. Retrieved 4762: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4728: 4719: 4711: 4702: 4694: 4689: 4679: 4675: 4662: 4654: 4649: 4641: 4632: 4624: 4593: 4578: 4573: 4565: 4556: 4541: 4536: 4523: 4510: 4497: 4489: 4480: 4468: 4463:, p. 58 4456: 4447: 4441: 4436:, p. 36 4432: 4426: 4417: 4411: 4402: 4401:Marchesini, 4396: 4387: 4386:Marchesini, 4381: 4372: 4366: 4357: 4351: 4346:, p. 67 4342: 4322: 4316: 4307: 4306:Marchesini, 4301: 4296:, p. 65 4292: 4286: 4277: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4247: 4246:Marchesini, 4241: 4232: 4226: 4217: 4211: 4202: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4171: 4165: 4160:, p. 57 4156: 4150: 4141: 4135: 4130:, p. 50 4126: 4112:, p. 46 4108: 4102: 4097:, p. 45 4093: 4087: 4078: 4072: 4067:, p. 37 4063: 4057: 4048: 4042: 4033: 4027: 4018: 4012: 4007:, p. 41 4003: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3973: 3967: 3962:, p. 35 3958: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3913: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3887:, p. 89 3883: 3877: 3868: 3862: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3787: 3778: 3772: 3763: 3745: 3739: 3730: 3712: 3694: 3688: 3679: 3673: 3664: 3644: 3638: 3629: 3623: 3614: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3584: 3578: 3569: 3563: 3558:, p. 87 3554: 3548: 3539: 3533: 3524: 3518: 3513:, p. 77 3509: 3508:Whitehouse, 3503: 3494: 3488: 3483:, p. 77 3479: 3473: 3468:, p. 74 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3438:, p. 91 3433: 3427: 3422:, p. 42 3418: 3400: 3394: 3389:, p. 39 3385: 3379: 3374:, p. 38 3370: 3364: 3359:, p. 27 3355: 3349: 3344:, p. 44 3340: 3334: 3325: 3319: 3310: 3304: 3292: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3253: 3247: 3238: 3232: 3227:, p. 63 3223: 3217: 3208: 3202: 3193: 3187: 3178: 3172: 3163: 3157: 3149: 3144: 3135: 3129: 3120: 3114: 3109:, p. 25 3105: 3099: 3090: 3084: 3079:, p. 25 3075: 3069: 3064:, p. 62 3060: 3054: 3049:, p. 38 3045: 3044:Marchesini, 3039: 3034:, p. 61 3030: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3000: 2994: 2989:, p. 22 2985: 2979: 2970: 2964: 2959:, p. 32 2955: 2954:Marchesini, 2949: 2940: 2934: 2925: 2919: 2914:, p. 21 2910: 2904: 2895: 2889: 2884:, p. 13 2880: 2866:, p. 17 2862: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2836:, p. 10 2832: 2826: 2817: 2811: 2806:, p. 14 2802: 2796: 2787: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2757: 2751: 2742: 2736: 2731:, p. 23 2727: 2721: 2716:, p. 11 2712: 2698:, p. 31 2694: 2678:, p. 16 2674: 2668: 2659: 2653: 2648:, p. 16 2643: 2625: 2619: 2610: 2604: 2594: 2588: 2583:, p. 30 2579: 2573: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2534: 2528: 2523:, p. 59 2519: 2513: 2504: 2441:The Venetian 2438: 2427: 2386:Sather Tower 2325: 2251:Sather Tower 2220: 2208: 2204: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2160: 2156:Luigi Amedeo 2147: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2079: 2057: 2036: 2015: 1994: 1973: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1894: 1886: 1876: 1868:queen mother 1861: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1817: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1790: 1739: 1737: 1720: 1711: 1706:and certain 1701: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550:Marin Falier 1545: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1271: 1266: 1262:"ninth hour" 1259: 1255:"third hour" 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1215: 1211: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1146: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1057: 1037: 1022: 1018: 979: 972: 958: 941: 935: 918: 914: 911: 901: 899: 894: 890: 883: 877: 875: 853: 841:Annunciation 828: 821:weather vane 818: 807: 802:Marin Sanudo 791: 756: 746: 728: 692:Italian wars 678: 674: 663: 641: 628: 605: 591: 583: 548: 482: 471:Roman Empire 448: 440:Construction 425:San Gregorio 414: 405: 395: 362:Magyar raids 359: 290: 229:weather vane 206: 166: 161: 129: 128: 18: 5263:Distefano, 5239:Gattinoni, 5204:Gattinoni, 5172:Gattinoni, 5081:Gattinoni, 5033:Gattinoni, 4982: [ 4446:Distefano, 4431:Distefano, 4416:Gattinoni, 4371:Gattinoni, 4341:Distefano, 4321:Gattinoni, 4291:Distefano, 4276:Distefano, 4261:Gattinoni, 4231:Gattinoni, 4216:Gattinoni, 4201:Gattinoni, 4189:muenchen.de 4170:Gattinoni, 4155:Distefano, 4140:Distefano, 4125:Distefano, 4107:Distefano, 4092:Distefano, 4047:Distefano, 4032:Distefano, 4017:Gattinoni, 4002:Distefano, 3987:Distefano, 3972:Distefano, 3957:Distefano, 3942:Gattinoni, 3927:Gattinoni, 3912:Gattinoni, 3897:Gattinoni, 3867:Gattinoni, 3852:Gattinoni, 3837:Sansovino, 3822:Gattinoni, 3807:Gattinoni, 3792:Gattinoni, 3777:Gattinoni, 3762:Gattinoni, 3744:Gattinoni, 3729:Gattinoni, 3711:Gattinoni, 3693:Gattinoni, 3678:Gattinoni, 3663:Gattinoni, 3643:Gattinoni, 3628:Gattinoni, 3613:Gattinoni, 3598:Gattinoni, 3568:Gattinoni, 3538:Gattinoni, 3523:Gattinoni, 3493:Gattinoni, 3478:Gattinoni, 3463:Gattinoni, 3448:Distefano, 3417:Gattinoni, 3399:Distefano, 3384:Gattinoni, 3369:Gattinoni, 3354:Distefano, 3339:Gattinoni, 3324:Gattinoni, 3309:Distefano, 3222:Gattinoni, 3162:Sansovino, 3148:Vitruvius, 3134:Gattinoni, 3104:Distefano, 3059:Gattinoni, 3029:Gattinoni, 3014:Gattinoni, 2999:Gattinoni, 2969:Gattinoni, 2939:Gattinoni, 2924:Gattinoni, 2894:Sabellico, 2879:Gattinoni, 2846:Gattinoni, 2831:Gattinoni, 2816:Gattinoni, 2791:, p. 8 2786:Gattinoni, 2776:, p. 7 2771:Gattinoni, 2693:Gattinoni, 2538:, p. 8 2508:, p. 9 2253:in Berkeley 2237:, Croatia. 2116: [ 2097:Pope Pius X 1704:solemnities 1608:Dietro Nona 1480:Dietro Nona 1085:Dietro Nona 1049:ironmongers 965: [ 779:iconography 763:high-relief 761:above have 739: [ 636: 1494 421:Grand Canal 351:Clock tower 198:Renaissance 173:Grand Canal 167:Located in 79: / 55:Coordinates 5838:Categories 5712:Procuratie 5537:0807826413 5483:0691102007 5464:8843575716 5164:Meza-terza 5148:Meza-terza 4926:2023-04-12 4901:2023-04-12 4876:2023-04-12 4851:2023-04-12 4778:2023-07-20 4550:020348312X 4518:, Pirano, 3882:Doglioni, 3553:Doglioni, 2487:References 2295:in Toronto 2136:Meza terza 2016:Meza terza 1872:Georg Leib 1850:Rebuilding 1750:See also: 1716:coronation 1708:feast days 1684:Meza-terza 1680:Meza-terza 1578:Meza-terza 1507:Meza-terza 1464:Ninth Hour 1336:Meza-terza 1311:Meza-terza 1301:Meza-terza 1204:Third Hour 1200:Meza-terza 1196:Meza-terza 1164:Meza-terza 1156:See also: 1125:Meza-terza 1089:Meza-terza 736:Pietro Bon 451:chronicles 429:watchtower 292:Bell tower 200:design by 177:watchtower 150:bell tower 67:12°20′20″E 64:45°26′02″N 5772:Piazzetta 5448:956196093 5431:ArcHistoR 5364:797430902 5291:889434590 5168:Trottiera 5160:Marangona 5152:Trottiera 5144:Maleficio 4963:Norwich, 4920:Taguigeño 4742:Restorica 4077:Zanetto, 4062:Zanetto, 3282:Morresi, 3267:Morresi, 3252:Morresi, 3237:Morresi, 2984:Zanetto, 2909:Zanetto, 2861:Zanetto, 2801:Zanetto, 2756:Zanetto, 2741:Zanetto, 2711:Zanetto, 2609:Norwich, 2503:Zanetto, 2451:; at the 2279:in Denver 2217:Influence 2148:Marangona 2132:Trottiera 2128:Maleficio 2090:Marangona 2058:Maleficio 2037:Trottiera 1974:Marangona 1935:New bells 1734:Custodian 1724:dogaressa 1676:Trottiera 1665:Trottiera 1661:Marangona 1657:Marangona 1653:Trottiera 1648:Trottiera 1643:Trottiera 1639:Marangona 1635:Trottiera 1631:Marangona 1624:Marangona 1604:Maleficio 1590:Marangona 1586:Maleficio 1574:Marangona 1570:Preghiera 1562:Maleficio 1554:Renghiera 1546:Preghiera 1542:Maleficio 1538:Renghiera 1526:Marangona 1515:Marangona 1503:Marangona 1496:Marangona 1492:Ave Maria 1476:Trottiera 1472:Trottiera 1453:Marangona 1397:16 series 1383:15 series 1375:16 series 1370:15 series 1362:16 series 1357:16 series 1351:Marangona 1346:Marangona 1331:Marangona 1316:Marangona 1306:Marangona 1212:da grosso 1208:holy mass 1192:Marangona 1188:marangoni 1184:Marangona 1176:Marangona 1168:Marangona 1143:Functions 1137:Marangona 1129:Trottiera 1117:Renghiera 1113:Marangona 1109:Trottiera 1101:Marangona 1081:Trottiera 1077:Preghiera 1073:Renghiera 1069:Maleficio 1023:Trottiera 990:telescope 833:Vitruvius 621:gold leaf 434:piazzetta 366:Cittanova 349: i. 340: h. 331: g. 322: f. 313: e. 304: d. 289: c. 280: b. 271: a. 148:) is the 116:Architect 111:1902–1912 5255:Maragona 5077:de supra 5061:Agazzi, 5007:Dorigo, 4990:Agazzi, 4822:July 20, 4796:Archived 4772:Archived 4729:The Star 4356:Fenlon, 3207:Sanudo, 3192:Rosand, 3177:Rosand, 3119:Sanudo, 3089:Rosand, 3074:Rosand, 2726:Torres, 2673:Agazzi, 2658:Dorigo, 2642:Agazzi, 2624:Parrot, 2593:Agazzi, 2578:Parrot, 2563:Kristó, 2548:Fasoli, 2533:Torres, 2518:Fenlon, 2475:See also 2166:Elevator 1957:diameter 1866:and the 1757:Collapse 1740:de supra 1519:Realtina 1294:midnight 1216:Realtina 1021:and the 982:Signoria 919:de supra 902:de supra 895:de supra 878:de supra 858:Loggetta 675:de supra 644:stadions 391:Adriatic 297:Loggetta 194:Adriatic 142:Venetian 45:Location 5820:Related 4846:Insider 3432:Block, 3152:, 1.6.4 2082:(1912) 1692:pregadi 1688:Pregadi 1610:ended. 1598:or the 1564:, from 1394:12 min 1391:12 min 1388:12 min 1380:30 min 1367:30 min 1243:sunrise 1093:Pregadi 1009:History 923:Arsenal 775:Solomon 771:Justice 666:bonfire 374:Treviso 225:Justice 209:lesenes 134:Italian 108:Rebuilt 5804:Piombi 5700:Piazza 5626: 5535: 5516: 5500: 5481: 5462: 5446: 5394: 5378: 5362: 5346: 5321: 5305: 5289: 5261:. See 5170:. See 5158:, and 5125:Muir, 5123:. See 5119:, and 5046: 4961:. See 4585: 4548: 3209:Diarii 3121:Diarii 2469:Taguig 2332:Darwen 2235:Rovinj 2138:, and 2124:moulds 1962:weight 1728:canons 1712:plenum 1584:, the 1272:sunset 1260:midday 1224:Rialto 1131:, and 1099:, and 1091:(also 1083:(also 1071:(also 946:ducats 798:gilded 541:belfry 461:) and 372:, and 347: 338: 329: 320: 311: 302: 287: 278: 269: 190:gilded 184:and a 182:belfry 158:Venice 92:Height 5811:Zecca 5602:Diari 4986:] 4938:Notes 4816:(PDF) 2457:Epcot 2449:Macao 2231:Piran 2120:] 1912:larch 1566:malus 1558:renga 1544:, or 1274:24 hr 1053:guild 1004:Bells 969:] 942:proto 915:proto 891:proto 759:attic 747:proto 743:] 679:proto 616:spire 478:piles 475:alder 445:Tower 370:Padua 213:attic 186:spire 100:Built 5624:ISBN 5533:ISBN 5514:ISBN 5498:ISBN 5479:ISBN 5460:ISBN 5444:OCLC 5392:ISBN 5376:ISBN 5360:OCLC 5344:ISBN 5319:ISBN 5303:ISBN 5287:OCLC 5156:Nona 5044:ISBN 4824:2023 4583:ISBN 4546:ISBN 4490:ANSA 2413:the 2406:the 2384:the 2377:the 2361:the 2354:the 2227:Dolo 2140:Nona 1995:Nona 1967:note 1952:bell 1834:and 1822:lire 1629:The 1622:The 1511:Nona 1501:The 1488:Nona 1484:Nona 1468:Nona 1460:Nona 1458:The 1341:Nona 1321:Nona 1238:dawn 1133:Nona 1115:and 1097:Nona 1040:bell 1019:Nona 1017:The 360:The 315:Mint 295:and 219:and 4994:... 4953:to 3436:... 2646:... 2597:... 2467:in 2455:at 2447:in 1702:On 1222:at 1095:), 1087:), 1079:), 1075:or 769:of 596:by 586:by 156:in 152:of 5840:: 5600:, 5576:, 5564:, 5527:, 5492:, 5473:, 5154:, 5150:, 5146:, 5135:^ 5115:, 5099:, 4984:it 4918:. 4894:. 4868:. 4844:. 4826:. 4757:, 4727:, 4710:, 4640:, 4606:^ 4564:, 4488:, 4331:^ 4187:, 4117:^ 3754:^ 3721:^ 3703:^ 3653:^ 3409:^ 2871:^ 2703:^ 2683:^ 2634:^ 2495:^ 2134:, 2130:, 2118:it 1789:, 1667:. 1540:, 1226:. 1127:, 1103:. 1051:' 1038:A 977:. 967:it 815:) 789:. 754:. 741:it 652:) 633:c. 551:. 436:. 393:. 368:, 235:. 144:: 140:, 136:: 5763:† 5685:e 5678:t 5671:v 5259:2 4929:. 4904:. 4879:. 4854:. 4791:' 4781:. 4666:' 4636:' 4597:' 4560:' 4527:' 4514:' 4501:' 4484:' 4191:. 2171:( 2071:3 2069:E 2050:3 2048:D 2029:3 2027:C 2008:2 2006:B 1987:2 1985:A 1842:( 809:( 631:( 610:( 535:( 527:( 519:( 511:( 503:( 495:( 487:( 465:( 457:( 400:( 132:(

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St Mark's Campanile

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