Spyware - Knowledge

1728:" to make them stop infecting consumers' PCs with spyware. In one case, that against Seismic Entertainment Productions, the FTC accused the defendants of developing a program that seized control of PCs nationwide, infected them with spyware and other malicious software, bombarded them with a barrage of pop-up advertising for Seismic's clients, exposed the PCs to security risks, and caused them to malfunction. Seismic then offered to sell the victims an "antispyware" program to fix the computers, and stop the popups and other problems that Seismic had caused. On November 21, 2006, a settlement was entered in federal court under which a $ 1.75 million judgment was imposed in one case and $ 1.86 million in another, but the defendants were insolvent 853:, spy gadgets that look like normal devices but turn out to be something else, such as a USB Keylogger. These devices actually are connected to the device as memory units but are capable of recording each stroke made on the keyboard. Some spyware authors infect a system through security holes in the Web browser or in other software. When the user navigates to a Web page controlled by the spyware author, the page contains code which attacks the browser and forces the download and installation of spyware. 1168:, and remove files and entries which match a list of known spyware. Real-time protection from spyware works identically to real-time anti-virus protection: the software scans disk files at download time, and blocks the activity of components known to represent spyware. In some cases, it may also intercept attempts to install start-up items or to modify browser settings. Earlier versions of anti-spyware programs focused chiefly on detection and removal. Javacool Software's 3848: 885: 1866:), so most students mistakenly believed their webcams did not work at all. On top of the webcam surveillance, TheftTrack allowed school officials to take screenshots and send them to the school's server. School officials were also granted the ability to take snapshots of instant messages, web browsing, music playlists, and written compositions. The schools admitted to secretly snapping over 66,000 webshots and 1187:, which scans certain areas of the Windows OS where spyware often resides and presents a list with items to delete manually. As most of the items are legitimate windows files/registry entries it is advised for those who are less knowledgeable on this subject to post a HijackThis log on the numerous antispyware sites and let the experts decide what to delete. 1850:'s remote activation tracking software. This included the now-discontinued "TheftTrack". While TheftTrack was not enabled by default on the software, the program allowed the school district to elect to activate it, and to choose which of the TheftTrack surveillance options the school wanted to enable. 1646:

reading would suggest that the promulgation of spyware would count as a criminal act. Law enforcement has often pursued the authors of other malware, particularly viruses. However, few spyware developers have been prosecuted, and many operate openly as strictly legitimate businesses, though some have

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Like most anti-virus software, many anti-spyware/adware tools require a frequently updated database of threats. As new spyware programs are released, anti-spyware developers discover and evaluate them, adding to the list of known spyware, which allows the software to detect and remove new spyware. As

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TheftTrack allowed school district employees to secretly remotely activate the webcam embedded in the student's laptop, above the laptop's screen. That allowed school officials to secretly take photos through the webcam, of whatever was in front of it and in its line of sight, and send the photos to

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case, plaintiffs charged two suburban Philadelphia high schools secretly spied on students by surreptitiously and remotely activating webcams embedded in school-issued laptops the students were using at home, and therefore infringed on their privacy rights. The school loaded each student's computer

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If a spyware program is not blocked and manages to get itself installed, it may resist attempts to terminate or uninstall it. Some programs work in pairs: when an anti-spyware scanner (or the user) terminates one running process, the other one respawns the killed program. Likewise, some spyware will

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and the National Cyber-Security Alliance, 61 percent of surveyed users' computers were infected with some form of spyware. 92 percent of surveyed users with spyware reported that they did not know of its presence, and 91 percent reported that they had not given permission for the installation of the

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An administrative fine, the first of its kind in Europe, has been issued by the Independent Authority of Posts and Telecommunications (OPTA) from the Netherlands. It applied fines in total value of Euro 1,000,000 for infecting 22 million computers. The spyware concerned is called DollarRevenue. The

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These common spyware programs illustrate the diversity of behaviors found in these attacks. Note that as with computer viruses, researchers give names to spyware programs which may not be used by their creators. Programs may be grouped into "families" based not on shared program code, but on common

1451:" is a type of spyware that is not hidden from the user, but operates with their knowledge, if not necessarily their consent. Parents, religious leaders or other authority figures may require their children or congregation members to install such software, which is intended to detect the viewing of 1426:

is spyware that has been used to monitor electronic activities of partners in intimate relationships. At least one software package, Loverspy, was specifically marketed for this purpose. Depending on local laws regarding communal/marital property, observing a partner's online activity without their

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Notifications application was installed on most Windows PCs as a "critical security update". While the main purpose of this deliberately uninstallable application is to ensure the copy of Windows on the machine was lawfully purchased and installed, it also installs software that has been accused of

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charged that CyberSpy marketed and sold "RemoteSpy" keylogger spyware to clients who would then secretly monitor unsuspecting consumers' computers. According to the FTC, Cyberspy touted RemoteSpy as a "100% undetectable" way to "Spy on Anyone. From Anywhere." The FTC has obtained a temporary order

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have also added anti-spyware features to their existing anti-virus products. Early on, anti-virus firms expressed reluctance to add anti-spyware functions, citing lawsuits brought by spyware authors against the authors of web sites and programs which described their products as "spyware". However,

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places the spyware operator's affiliate tag on the user's activity – replacing any other tag, if there is one. The spyware operator is the only party that gains from this. The user has their choices thwarted, a legitimate affiliate loses revenue, networks' reputations are injured, and vendors are

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are sometimes part of malware packages downloaded onto computers without the owners' knowledge. Some keylogger software is freely available on the internet, while others are commercial or private applications. Most keyloggers allow not only keyboard keystrokes to be captured, they also are often

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for describing its program as "spyware". PC Pitstop settled, agreeing not to use the word "spyware", but continues to describe harm caused by the Gator/Claria software. As a result, other anti-spyware and anti-virus companies have also used other terms such as "potentially unwanted programs" or

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activity, disk usage, and network traffic. Stability issues, such as applications freezing, failure to boot, and system-wide crashes are also common. Usually, this effect is intentional, but may be caused from the malware simply requiring large amounts of computing power, disk space, or network

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Spyware is mostly used for the stealing information and storing Internet users' movements on the Web and serving up pop-up ads to Internet users. Whenever spyware is used for malicious purposes, its presence is typically hidden from the user and can be difficult to detect. Some spyware, such as

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The recent proliferation of fake or spoofed antivirus products that bill themselves as antispyware can be troublesome. Users may receive popups prompting them to install them to protect their computer, when it will in fact add spyware. It is recommended that users do not install any freeware

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Individual users can use cellphone / computer with physical (electric) switch, or isolated electronic switch that disconnects microphone, camera without bypass and keep it in disconnected position where not in use, that limits information that spyware can collect. (Policy recommended by NIST

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Also known as WinAntiVirusPro, ErrorSafe, SystemDoctor, WinAntiSpyware, AVSystemCare, WinAntiSpy, Windows Police Pro, Performance Optimizer, StorageProtector, PrivacyProtector, WinReanimator, DriveCleaner, WinspywareProtect, PCTurboPro, FreePCSecure, ErrorProtector, SysProtect, WinSoftware,

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that allows execution. Once running, the spyware will periodically check if any of these links are removed. If so, they will be automatically restored. This ensures that the spyware will execute when the operating system is booted, even if some (or most) of the registry links are removed.

808:, which is linked to their identity, far beyond users' visits and activity on the Facebook site itself. The report stated: "Here's how it works. You go to Facebook, you log in, you spend some time there, and then ... you move on without logging out. Let's say the next site you go to is 1365:

estimates that 27.3 million Americans have been victims of identity theft, and that financial losses from identity theft totaled nearly $ 48 billion for businesses and financial institutions and at least $ 5 billion in out-of-pocket expenses for individuals.

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Use of the term "spyware" has eventually declined as the practice of tracking users has been pushed ever further into the mainstream by major websites and data mining companies; these generally break no known laws and compel users to be tracked, not by fraudulent practices

1439:, the small text files that track browsing activity, as spyware. While they are not always inherently malicious, many users object to third parties using space on their personal computers for their business purposes, and many anti-spyware programs offer to remove them. 1736:

prohibiting the defendants from selling the software and disconnecting from the Internet any of their servers that collect, store, or provide access to information that this software has gathered. The case is still in its preliminary stages. A complaint filed by the

3465:"Besluit van het college van de Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit op grond van artikel 15.4 juncto artikel 15.10 van de Telecommunicatiewet tot oplegging van boetes ter zake van overtredingen van het gestelde bij of krachtens de Telecommunicatiewet" 779:, literally "Government Trojan"). Govware is typically a trojan horse software used to intercept communications from the target computer. Some countries, like Switzerland and Germany, have a legal framework governing the use of such software. In the US, the term " 678:

contains multiple sections where modification of key values allows software to be executed automatically when the operating system boots. Spyware can exploit this design to circumvent attempts at removal. The spyware typically links itself to each location in the

1696:, have passed laws criminalizing some forms of spyware. Such laws make it illegal for anyone other than the owner or operator of a computer to install software that alters Web-browser settings, monitors keystrokes, or disables computer-security software. 1117:

recent versions of these major firms home and business anti-virus products do include anti-spyware functions, albeit treated differently from viruses. Symantec Anti-Virus, for instance, categorizes spyware programs as "extended threats" and now offers

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law articles that have been violated are art. 4.1 of the Decision on universal service providers and on the interests of end users; the fines have been issued based on art. 15.4 taken together with art. 15.10 of the Dutch telecommunications law.

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As the spyware threat has evolved, a number of techniques have emerged to counteract it. These include programs designed to remove or block spyware, as well as various user practices which reduce the chance of getting spyware on a system.

720:. These four categories are not mutually exclusive and they have similar tactics in attacking networks and devices. The main goal is to install, hack into the network, avoid being detected, and safely remove themselves from the network. 941:

A spyware rarely operates alone on a computer; an affected machine usually has multiple infections. Users frequently notice unwanted behavior and degradation of system performance. A spyware infestation can create significant unwanted

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experts, or even buying a new computer because the existing system "has become too slow". Badly infected systems may require a clean reinstallation of all their software in order to return to full functionality.

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Attorney General Spitzer today sued one of the nation's leading internet marketing companies, alleging that the firm was the source of "spyware" and "adware" that has been secretly installed on millions of home

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Anti-spyware software programs can be used solely for detection and removal of spyware software that has already been installed into the computer. This kind of anti-spyware can often be set to scan on a regular

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are particularly vulnerable to such attacks, not only because IE was the most widely used, but also because its tight integration with Windows allows spyware access to crucial parts of the operating system.

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for spyware that displays their ads. In many cases, the companies whose advertisements appear in spyware pop-ups do not directly do business with the spyware firm. Rather, they have contracted with an

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Sometimes, spyware is included along with genuine software, and may come from a malicious website or may have been added to the intentional functionality of genuine software (see the paragraph about

1354:, bank information, etc."; however it turned out that "it actually (was) its own sophisticated criminal little trojan that's independent of CWS." This case is currently under investigation by the 974:. Some spyware disables or even removes competing spyware programs, on the grounds that more spyware-related annoyances increase the likelihood that users will take action to remove the programs. 3323: 2577: 739:

suggests software that monitors a user's computer, the functions of spyware can extend beyond simple monitoring. Spyware can collect almost any type of data, including personal information like

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from a variety of companies. These monitor the flow of information going to and from a networked computer and provide protection against spyware and malware. Some users install a large

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can warn users that their computers have been infected with spyware, directing them to purchase programs which do not actually remove spyware—or else, may add more spyware of their own.

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Most spyware is installed without knowledge, or by using deceptive tactics. Spyware may try to deceive users by bundling itself with desirable software. Other common tactics are using a

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In some infections, the spyware is not even evident. Users assume in those situations that the performance issues relate to faulty hardware, Windows installation problems, or another

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are collectively known as "Gator". Likewise, programs that are frequently installed together may be described as parts of the same spyware package, even if they function separately.

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technology Like spyware, not only was it difficult to detect and uninstall, it was so poorly written that most efforts to remove it could have rendered computers unable to function.

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because infected systems generally do not attempt to transmit or copy the software to other computers. Instead, spyware installs itself on a system by deceiving the user or by

3519: 747:. Some spyware can change computer settings, which can result in slow Internet connection speeds, un-authorized changes in browser settings, or changes to software settings. 2346: 743:

habits, user logins, and bank or credit account information. Spyware can also interfere with a user's control of a computer by installing additional software or redirecting

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consent may be illegal; the author of Loverspy and several users of the product were indicted in California in 2005 on charges of wiretapping and various computer crimes.

3650: 1219:. Though no browser is completely safe, Internet Explorer was once at a greater risk for spyware infection due to its large user base as well as vulnerabilities such as 860:. Its popularity and history of security issues have made it a frequent target. Its deep integration with the Windows environment make it susceptible to attack into the 2928: 818:

that you went there and also your identity within those accounts. Let's say you moved on to something like a site about depression. This one also has a tweet button, a

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pop-up will prompt the user to allow or deny the action. This improves on the design used by previous versions of Windows. Spyware is also known as tracking software.

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with malicious behavior that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their

3553: 1790:, which in turn contracts with an online subcontractor who gets paid by the number of "impressions" or appearances of the advertisement. Some major firms such as 1342:. In August 2005, researchers from security software firm Sunbelt Software suspected the creators of the common CoolWebSearch spyware had used it to transmit " 3105: 2975: 2949: 766:. A number of jurisdictions have passed anti-spyware laws, which usually target any software that is surreptitiously installed to control a user's computer. 2792: 2622: 3464: 2302: 2574: 3320: 2721: 1666:(EULA). Many users habitually ignore these purported contracts, but spyware companies such as Claria say these demonstrate that users have consented. 1642:, and similar laws in other countries. Since owners of computers infected with spyware generally claim that they never authorized the installation, a 1041:

Nonetheless, spyware remains a costly problem. When a large number of pieces of spyware have infected a Windows computer, the only remedy may involve

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behaviors, or by "following the money" of apparent financial or business connections. For instance, a number of the spyware programs distributed by

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To detect spyware, computer users have found several practices useful in addition to installing anti-spyware programs. Many users have installed a

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is, by default, a computer administrator that runs everything under limited user privileges, when a program requires administrative privileges, a

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On January 26, 2006, Microsoft and the Washington state attorney general filed suit against Secure Computer for its Spyware Cleaner product.

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Virvilis, Nikos; Mylonas, Alexios; Tsalis, Nikolaos; Gritzalis, Dimitris (2015). "Security Busters: Web Browser security vs. rogue sites".

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programs offered for download. Downloading programs only from reputable sources can provide some protection from this source of attack.

3071: 565:. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task. 514: 2065: 1180:

a result, anti-spyware software is of limited usefulness without regular updates. Updates may be installed automatically or manually.

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FTC Releases Survey of Identity Theft in U.S. 27.3 Million Victims in Past 5 Years, Billions in Losses for Businesses and Consumers

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which prevents the user's computer from connecting to known spyware-related web addresses. Spyware may get installed via certain

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Many programmers and some commercial firms have released products designed to remove or block spyware. Programs such as PC Tools'

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has pursued spyware companies for fraudulent installation of software. In a suit brought in 2005 by Spitzer, the California firm

1977: 4376: 2838: 2675: 895: 3690: 2419: 1242:'s Information Technology department released a report detailing the behavior of one particular piece of proxy-based spyware, 4263: 2925: 1737: 627:

spyware. As of 2006, spyware has become one of the preeminent security threats to computer systems running Microsoft Windows

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or other content deemed inappropriate, and to report it to the authority figure, who may then confront the user about it.

988:, mostly for convenience. Because of this, any program the user runs has unrestricted access to the system. As with other 4677: 4294: 3545: 2575:

Understanding the Web browser threat: Examination of vulnerable online Web browser populations and the insecurity iceberg

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component that a website wanted to install. The combination of user ignorance about these changes, and the assumption by

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actions when their products have been so described. In 2003, Gator (now known as Claria) filed suit against the website

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allows an anti-spyware program a better chance of removing persistent spyware. Killing the process tree may also work.

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and releasing it as a free download for Genuine Windows XP and Windows 2003 users. In November, 2005, it was renamed

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The hijacking of Web advertisements has also led to litigation. In June 2002, a number of large Web publishers sued

1230:—particularly colleges and universities—have taken a different approach to blocking spyware: they use their network 619:

toy company, was surreptitiously sending data back to Mattel. Since then, "spyware" has taken on its present sense.

5101: 4022: 3255: 1248:, and the steps the university took to intercept it. Many other educational institutions have taken similar steps. 3428: 2979: 2953: 2836:"Sony sued over copy-protected CDs; Sony BMG is facing three lawsuits over its controversial anti-piracy software" 1191:

detect attempts to remove registry keys and immediately add them again. Usually, booting the infected computer in

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rapidly gained popularity as tools to remove, and in some cases intercept, spyware programs. On December, 2004,

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usage. Spyware, which interferes with networking software commonly causes difficulty connecting to the Internet.

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This does not, however, mean that every such agreement is a contract, or that every term in one is enforceable.

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components are benign, helped to spread spyware significantly. Many spyware components would also make use of

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Attorney General Abbott Brings First Enforcement Action In Nation Against Sony BMG For Spyware Violations

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agreements, under which a single click can be taken as consent to the entire text, relatively little

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A popular generic spyware removal tool used by those that requires a certain degree of expertise is

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claiming to be anti-spyware unless it is verified to be legitimate. Some known offenders include:

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harmed by having to pay out affiliate revenues to an "affiliate" who is not party to a contract.

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suits were filed. Sony BMG later provided a workaround on its website to help users remove it.

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ended up settling, by agreeing to pay US$ 7.5 million and to stop distributing spyware.

1592: 1487: 1231: 1032: 1001: 963: 868: 754:, below). In response to the emergence of spyware, a small industry has sprung up dealing in 1049:. For instance, some spyware cannot be completely removed by Symantec, Microsoft, PC Tools. 4990: 4874: 4864: 4746: 4729: 4651: 4646: 4605: 4534: 4392: 4253: 4165: 4114: 4059: 3927: 3900: 3882: 3780: 3751: 2697: 2488: 2455: 2062: 1897: 1769: 1762: 1137: 1118: 1020: 437: 379: 299: 3847: 3491:(Press release). Office of New York State Attorney General. April 28, 2005. Archived from 3228: 8: 4995: 4980: 4777: 4600: 4037: 3812: 3770: 3044: 2816: 1725: 1639: 1307: 1005: 644: 414: 239: 149: 5136: 5055: 5045: 5000: 4714: 4585: 4422: 4402: 4221: 4149: 4054: 3415: 3403: 3165: 2551: 2516: 2207: 1927: 1787: 1721: 1693: 1597: 1343: 1239: 1105: 967: 814:. Those buttons, without you clicking on them, have just reported back to Facebook and 810: 794:

In one documented example, on CBS/CNet News reported, on March 7, 2011, an analysis in

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but these three major browsers are now close to equivalent when it comes to security.

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Trojan Horse Resurrected: On the Legality of the Use of Government Spyware (Govware)

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Spyware producers argue that, contrary to the users' claims, users do in fact give

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the school's server. The LANrev software disabled the webcams for all other uses (

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Other Anti-spyware tools include FlexiSPY, Mobilespy, mSPY, TheWiSPY, and UMobix.

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software. Running anti-spyware software has become a widely recognized element of

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posted to rec..programmer; retrieved from groups.google.com November 28, 2006.

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XPAntivirus, Personal Antivirus, Home Antivirus 20xx, VirusDoctor, and ECsecure

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The Spyware Warrior List of Rogue/Suspect Anti-Spyware Products & Web Sites

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of most affiliate marketing networks. Mobile devices can also be vulnerable to

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In German-speaking countries, spyware used or made by the government is called

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widget, and those, too, can report back who you are and that you went there."

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Privacy Policies, Terms and Conditions, Website Contracts, Website Agreements

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Malware that collects and transmits user information without their knowledge

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Press release from the Texas Attorney General's office, November 21, 2005;

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Qabalin, Majdi K.; Naser, Muawya; Alkasassbeh, Mouhammd (August 2, 2022).

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to block access to Web sites known to install spyware. On March 31, 2005,

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and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like

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In the United States, lawmakers introduced a bill in 2005 entitled the

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Some copy-protection technologies have borrowed from spyware. In 2005,

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infection. Some owners of badly infected systems resort to contacting

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analysis was researched by Brian Kennish, founder of Disconnect, Inc.

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Federal Trade Commission v. Sperry & Hutchinson Trading Stamp Co.

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have sacked advertising agencies that have run their ads in spyware.

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jurisdictions that this type of agreement can be a binding contract

4814: 4804: 4799: 4709: 4084: 4042: 3905: 3072:"Activists and journalists in Mexico complain of government spying" 3038:

Timberg, Craig; Albergotti, Reed; Guéguen, Elodie (July 19, 2021).

2517:"Android Spyware Detection Using Machine Learning: A Novel Dataset" 1978:

Monitoring Software on Your PC: Spyware, Adware, and Other Software

1912: 1806:

Litigation has gone both ways. Since "spyware" has become a common

1659: 1602: 1351: 1165: 801: 751: 539: 443: 174: 122: 2370:"'Like,' 'tweet' buttons divulge sites you visit: CNET News Video" 1782:

Courts have not yet had to decide whether advertisers can be held

1148:

data is scanned for spyware, and any detected threats are blocked.

4920: 4841: 4412: 4341: 4310: 4069: 4032: 3414:(FTC press release with links to supporting documents); see also 2673:

The Effect of 180solutions on Affiliate Commissions and Merchants

1907: 1674: 1651: 1562: 1382: 1220: 1173: 951: 815: 713: 660: 652: 547: 543: 431: 294: 287: 159: 2573:

Stefan Frei, Thomas Duebendofer, Gunter Ollman, and Martin May,

4772: 4443: 4438: 3952: 3867: 3635:, LMSD Redacted Forensic Analysis, L-3 Services – prepared for 3524: 3106:"Government Hackers Caught Using Unprecedented iPhone Spy Tool" 1847: 1776: 1486:, which in the 2010s sold spyware to governments for spying on 1471: 1267:

Guidelines for Managing the Security of Mobile Devices, 2013).

1113: 1109: 1042: 819: 693: 616: 578: 485: 334: 274: 112: 3651:"School district accused of spying on kids via laptop webcams" 3417:

FTC cracks down on spyware and PC hijacking, but not true lies

3064: 2593: 2272:

Ames, Wes (2004). "Understanding spyware: risk and response".

1740:(EPIC) brought the RemoteSpy software to the FTC's attention. 1614:

Fake antivirus products constitute 15 percent of all malware.

1310:

revenues from the legitimate affiliate to the spyware vendor.

3143: 2950:"Creator and Four Users of Loverspy Spyware Program Indicted" 2339:"The tricky issue of spyware with a badge: meet 'policeware'" 1731:

In a second case, brought against CyberSpy Software LLC, the

1677:

has resulted from their use. It has been established in most

3427:, Micro Law, IEEE MICRO (Jan.-Feb. 2005), also available at 2793:"Sony, Rootkits and Digital Rights Management Gone Too Far," 1330:, which manipulates users into illegitimate mobile charges. 1275: 3716:

Home Computer Security – Carnegie Mellon Software Institute

3201: 2398:

Edelman, Ben; December 7, 2004 (updated February 8, 2005);

1689: 1670: 728:, may be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or 2176:

Kim, Taejin; Yi, Jeong Hyun; Seo, Changho (January 2014).

605:, Gregor Freund, used the term in a press release for the 2451:"What's in a name?? A lot!! Announcing Windows Defender!" 2178:"Spyware Resistant Smartphone User Authentication Scheme" 1520:(fake) anti-spyware programs, and widely distributed Web 981:

capable of collecting screen captures from the computer.

834:

Spyware does not necessarily spread in the same way as a

623: 3037: 3003:"The Ungodly Surveillance of Anti-Porn 'Shameware' Apps" 2952:. Department of Justice. August 26, 2005. Archived from 1870:, including webcam shots of students in their bedrooms. 1779:

for replacing advertisements, but settled out of court.

902: 2514: 3639:(LMSD's counsel), May 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2010. 2420:"Microsoft Acquires Anti-Spyware Leader GIANT Company" 1516:

Malicious programmers have released a large number of

1338:

In one case, spyware has been closely associated with

1132:

Anti-spyware programs can combat spyware in two ways:

3197:"Google: Fake antivirus is 15 percent of all malware" 3103: 2118:

Analyzing IE At 10: Integration With OS Smart Or Not?

1948:"Amazon Workers Are Listening to What You Tell Alexa" 2400:

Direct Revenue Deletes Competitors from Users' Disks

2182:

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

2039:

Privacy Worries Arise Over Spyware in Kids' Software

1801: 1435:

Anti-spyware programs often report Web advertisers'

3321:

CHAPTER 715 Computer Spyware and Malware Protection

2698:

Massive spyware-based identity theft ring uncovered

1630:Unauthorized access to a computer is illegal under 615:, educational software marketed to children by the 3293: 3104:Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (August 25, 2016). 2829: 2392: 1654:to installations. Spyware that comes bundled with 1127: 3621: 3619: 3404:FTC Permanently Halts Unlawful Spyware Operations 1688:Some jurisdictions, including the U.S. states of 962:Moreover, some types of spyware disable software 5083: 2902:Windows XP update may be classified as 'spyware' 2809: 856:The installation of spyware frequently involves 601:purposes. However, in early 2000 the founder of 3099: 3097: 2852: 2849:November 10, 2005. Retrieved November 22, 2006. 2000:Vossen, Roland (attributed); October 21, 1995; 3616: 3310:; coollawyer.com. Retrieved November 28, 2006. 3033: 3031: 2806:October 31, 2005. Retrieved November 22, 2006. 2782:. Federal Trade Commission, September 3, 2003. 2643:"Information About Spyware in SpyWareLoop.com" 2409:; benedelman.com. Retrieved November 28, 2006. 1970: 1501: 692:Spyware is mostly classified into four types: 4678: 4326: 3736: 3648: 2926:Microsoft's antipiracy tool phones home daily 2336: 1000:accounts. Alternatively, they can reduce the 508: 3683:"Suit: Schools Spied on Students Via Webcam" 3194: 3094: 2785: 2088: 2086: 1703:, which would imprison creators of spyware. 1369: 774: 762:practices, especially for computers running 704:; examples of other notorious types include 3178: 3028: 2665: 1706: 1333: 4685: 4671: 4333: 4319: 3743: 3729: 3229:Antispyware Company Sued Under Spyware Law 3139:"Spyware-Removal Program Tagged as a Trap" 2623:"Blocking Marketscore: Why Cornell Did It" 1156:Such programs inspect the contents of the 1026: 554:. Hardware devices may also be affected. 515: 501: 4692: 4287:Security information and event management 3546:"Major advertisers caught in spyware net" 3381:March 16, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2007. 2640: 2550: 2532: 2225:Bergren, Martha Dewey (October 1, 2004). 2193: 2083: 1418: 1406:Beginning on April 25, 2006, Microsoft's 929:Learn how and when to remove this message 773:by computer experts (in common parlance: 732:intentionally in order to monitor users. 3750: 3642: 3489:"State Sues Major "Spyware" Distributor" 2939:June 7, 2006. Retrieved August 31, 2014. 2175: 1052: 901:Relevant discussion may be found on the 874: 871:, which modify the browser's behaviour. 3663:from the original on September 13, 2012 3556:from the original on September 20, 2008 3543: 3136: 2224: 2055: 1837:Robbins v. Lower Merion School District 1004:of specific vulnerable Internet-facing 992:, Windows users are able to follow the 5084: 4377:Timeline of computer viruses and worms 2915:June 5, 2006. Retrieved June 13, 2006. 2481: 2367: 2031: 2007: 1994: 1045:user data, and fully reinstalling the 913:to additional sources at this section. 829: 783:" has been used for similar purposes. 696:, system monitors, tracking including 557:Spyware is frequently associated with 4666: 4314: 4264:Host-based intrusion detection system 3724: 2448: 2349:from the original on November 6, 2012 2171: 2169: 1738:Electronic Privacy Information Center 1658:applications may be described in the 1198: 3462: 3443:Court Orders Halt to Sale of Spyware 3344:Chapter 19.270 RCW: Computer spyware 3277:180solutions sues allies over adware 3000: 2741: 2271: 2078:The National Cyber Security Alliance 1983:(Report). March 2005. Archived from 1958:from the original on August 29, 2020 878: 4295:Runtime application self-protection 3693:from the original on August 1, 2013 3649:Doug Stanglin (February 18, 2010). 2859:Information About XCP Protected CDs 2754:from the original on March 19, 2018 2742:Alex, Eckelberry (August 9, 2005). 2634: 2584:, Communication Systems Group, 2008 2380:from the original on March 10, 2016 2134: 1743: 1458: 1306:. Stealware diverts the payment of 1089:software, re‑branding it as 1033:Computer virus § Virus removal 577:occurred on October 16, 1995, in a 573:The first recorded use of the term 235:forensics-focused operating systems 13: 4340: 3846: 3544:Gormley, Michael (June 25, 2005). 3253:Lawsuit filed against 180solutions 3052:from the original on July 19, 2021 2482:Dodson, Steve (November 4, 2005). 2430:from the original on June 17, 2005 2166: 1477: 1430: 1251:Individual users can also install 894:relies largely or entirely upon a 14: 5148: 4642:Computer and network surveillance 4227:Security-focused operating system 3709: 3368:US lawmakers introduce I-Spy bill 3137:Roberts, Paul F. (May 26, 2005). 2449:Garms, Jason (November 4, 2005). 1802:Libel suits by spyware developers 1711: 806:tracking users' browsing activity 4023:Insecure direct object reference 3626:"Initial LANrev System Findings" 2748:The Legacy Sunbelt Software Blog 1494:. NSO Group was investigated by 883: 708:capabilities that "phone home", 4277:Information security management 3675: 3592: 3568: 3537: 3529:. June 15, 2005. Archived from 3511: 3481: 3456: 3434: 3396: 3384: 3360: 3337: 3313: 3269: 3245: 3221: 3195:Elinor Mills (April 27, 2010). 3188: 3158: 3130: 3078:. June 20, 2017. Archived from 2994: 2968: 2942: 2918: 2894: 2864: 2766: 2735: 2711: 2708:. Ars Technica, August 5, 2005. 2689: 2614: 2587: 2567: 2508: 2475: 2442: 2412: 2368:Cooley, Brian (March 7, 2011). 2361: 2337:Jeremy Reimer (July 20, 2007). 2330: 2312: 2292: 2265: 2218: 1759:New York State Attorney General 1701:Internet Spyware Prevention Act 1625: 1620: 1508:List of rogue security software 1399:filed suit, and three separate 1294:", and what spyware researcher 1280:A few spyware vendors, notably 1276:"Stealware" and affiliate fraud 1270: 1140:in a manner similar to that of 1128:How anti-spyware software works 1100:Major anti-virus firms such as 56:Hacking of consumer electronics 4357:Comparison of computer viruses 3357:. Retrieved November 14, 2006. 2861:. Retrieved November 29, 2006. 2826:. Retrieved November 28, 2006. 2686:. Retrieved November 14, 2006. 2110: 1940: 1858:, students were unable to use 1091:Microsoft AntiSpyware (Beta 1) 561:and involves many of the same 1: 4596:Data loss prevention software 2744:"Identity Theft? What to do?" 2719:"Massive identity theft ring" 2319:FAQ – Häufig gestellte Fragen 2231:The Journal of School Nursing 1933: 1830: 1076:Spybot - Search & Destroy 622:According to a 2005 study by 2243:10.1177/10598405040200050801 2063:AOL/NCSA Online Safety Study 2043:U.S. News & World Report 1893:Employee monitoring software 1752: 1636:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 1442: 1376:Sony BMG Music Entertainment 994:principle of least privilege 647:SP2 was released as part of 155:Chaos Communication Congress 7: 4968:Software release life cycle 4282:Information risk management 4203:Multi-factor authentication 3759:Related security categories 3576:See you later, anti-Gators? 3332:nxtsearch.legis.state.ia.us 3175:". Retrieved July 10, 2005. 3171:September 22, 2018, at the 2703:September 16, 2008, at the 2641:Vincentas (July 11, 2013). 2580:September 11, 2016, at the 2128:September 29, 2007, at the 1873: 1502:Rogue anti-spyware programs 984:A typical Windows user has 687: 607:ZoneAlarm Personal Firewall 10: 5153: 5036:Software protection dongle 4916:Unwanted software bundling 4616:Intrusion detection system 4259:Intrusion detection system 4217:Computer security software 3873:Advanced persistent threat 3423:December 26, 2010, at the 2978:. Symantec. Archived from 2608:10.1016/j.cose.2015.04.009 2099:December 16, 2006, at the 2068:December 13, 2005, at the 1834: 1827:to denote these products. 1664:end-user license agreement 1505: 1462: 1056: 1030: 846:software vulnerabilities. 568: 467:2600: The Hacker Quarterly 205:List of computer criminals 5107:Computer network security 5031:Digital rights management 5021: 4966: 4908: 4857: 4765: 4700: 4634: 4573: 4517: 4484:Privacy-invasive software 4431: 4385: 4349: 4158: 3858: 3844: 3838:Digital rights management 3758: 3463:OPTA (November 5, 2007). 3449:December 4, 2010, at the 3409:November 2, 2013, at the 3334:. Retrieved May 11, 2011. 2305:February 1, 2014, at the 2049:November 3, 2013, at the 2002:Win 95 Source code in c!! 1810:, some makers have filed 1724:organizations under the " 1683:in certain circumstances. 1408:Windows Genuine Advantage 1390:digital rights management 1370:Digital rights management 1144:protection: all incoming 986:administrative privileges 800:revealed the practice of 706:digital rights management 649:Windows XP Service Pack 2 4909:Deceptive and/or illicit 3983:Denial-of-service attack 3878:Arbitrary code execution 3600:Gator Information Center 3373:January 8, 2009, at the 3282:August 10, 2011, at the 2931:August 28, 2012, at the 2913:Lauren Weinstein's Blog, 2596:Computers & Security 2309:, LISS 2013, pp. 419–428 1718:Federal Trade Commission 1707:Administrative sanctions 1669:Despite the ubiquity of 1482:Spyware vendors include 1465:List of spyware programs 1363:Federal Trade Commission 1334:Identity theft and fraud 1284:, have written what the 1059:Category:Spyware removal 972:opportunistic infections 385:Cloud computing security 5102:Rogue security software 5061:Software license server 4494:Rogue security software 4193:Computer access control 4145:Rogue security software 3808:Electromagnetic warfare 3299:Coollawyer; 2001–2006; 2798:April 28, 2010, at the 2122:TechWeb Technology News 2094:Is It Time to Ditch IE? 1634:laws, such as the U.S. 1512:Rogue security software 1449:accountability software 1121:against these threats. 1027:Remedies and prevention 824:The Wall Street Journal 797:The Wall Street Journal 581:post that poked fun at 165:Hackers on Planet Earth 4737:Freely redistributable 4530:Classic Mac OS viruses 4372:List of computer worms 4239:Obfuscation (software) 3968:Browser Helper Objects 3852: 3631:June 15, 2010, at the 3581:July 14, 2014, at the 3349:July 21, 2011, at the 3326:April 6, 2012, at the 3258:June 22, 2008, at the 2822:July 25, 2010, at the 2671:Edelman, Ben (2004). " 1923:Technical support scam 1488:human rights activists 1419:Personal relationships 1394:Texas Attorney General 1322:is a violation of the 1313:Spyware which attacks 869:Browser Helper Objects 804:and other websites of 775: 420:Homebrew Computer Club 4900:Software as a service 4694:Software distribution 4234:Data-centric security 4115:Remote access trojans 3850: 3605:July 1, 2005, at the 3306:May 13, 2013, at the 3234:July 6, 2008, at the 2841:May 30, 2009, at the 2778:May 18, 2008, at the 2724:May 11, 2011, at the 2695:Ecker, Clint (2005). 2678:July 6, 2010, at the 2629:on February 14, 2007. 2426:. December 16, 2004. 2405:July 6, 2010, at the 2020:May 10, 2011, at the 1990:on December 26, 2010. 1593:WinAntiVirus Pro 2006 1053:Anti-spyware programs 875:Effects and behaviors 635:(IE) was the primary 631:. Computers on which 5117:Espionage techniques 4991:Software maintenance 4865:Digital distribution 4720:Free and open-source 4652:Operation: Bot Roast 4166:Application security 4060:Privilege escalation 3928:Cross-site scripting 3781:Cybersex trafficking 3752:Information security 3477:on January 29, 2011. 3118:on February 24, 2023 2956:on November 19, 2013 2496:on November 24, 2005 2463:on November 23, 2005 2324:May 6, 2013, at the 2286:10.1109/MITP.2004.71 1898:Industrial espionage 1770:Intermix Media, Inc. 1763:Governor of New York 1138:real-time protection 1119:real-time protection 1073:and Patrick Kolla's 1021:User Account Control 907:improve this article 438:Masters of Deception 380:Application security 4996:Software maintainer 4778:Commercial software 4766:Compensation models 4601:Defensive computing 4518:By operating system 3813:Information warfare 3771:Automotive security 3589:. October 22, 2003. 3495:on January 10, 2009 3045:The Washington Post 2900:Weinstein, Lauren. 2791:Russinovich, Mark. 2653:on November 3, 2013 2195:10.1155/2014/237125 2154:on November 1, 2013 2124:. August 25, 2005. 2107:. September 1, 2004 2092:Spanbauer, Scott. " 2015:The Spyware Inferno 1726:unfairness doctrine 1640:Computer Misuse Act 1308:affiliate marketing 830:Routes of infection 645:Internet Explorer 6 415:Chaos Computer Club 150:Black Hat Briefings 24:Part of a series on 5112:Online advertising 5056:Software copyright 5046:Product activation 5001:Software publisher 4715:Floating licensing 4586:Antivirus software 4432:Malware for profit 4403:Man-in-the-browser 4350:Infectious malware 4222:Antivirus software 4090:Social engineering 4055:Polymorphic engine 4008:Fraudulent dialers 3913:Hardware backdoors 3853: 3613:November 14, 2005. 3517:Gormley, Michael. 3266:September 13, 2005 3227:McMillan, Robert. 2982:on January 6, 2010 2717:Eckelberry, Alex. 2620:Schuster, Steve. " 2028:. August 13, 2004. 2013:Wienbar, Sharon. " 1954:. April 10, 2019. 1928:Microphone blocker 1788:advertising agency 1722:Internet marketing 1598:Windows Police Pro 1315:affiliate networks 1240:Cornell University 1199:Security practices 1166:installed programs 968:antivirus software 811:The New York Times 776:Regierungstrojaner 245:Social engineering 5132:Security breaches 5122:Espionage devices 5079: 5078: 5071:Torrent poisoning 4986:Long-term support 4810:Pay what you want 4660: 4659: 4611:Internet security 4565:HyperCard viruses 4474:Keystroke logging 4464:Fraudulent dialer 4408:Man-in-the-middle 4308: 4307: 4270:Anomaly detection 4175:Secure by default 4028:Keystroke loggers 3963:Drive-by download 3851:vectorial version 3818:Internet security 3766:Computer security 3689:. March 8, 2010. 3533:on June 22, 2005. 3242:January 26, 2006. 3001:Mehrotra, Dhruv. 2976:"Tracking Cookie" 2907:July 9, 2012, at 2876:Microsoft Support 2534:10.3390/s22155765 2489:blogs.technet.com 2456:blogs.technet.com 1380:found to be using 1209:Internet Explorer 1136:They can provide 1086:GIANT AntiSpyware 1010:Internet Explorer 990:operating systems 956:technical support 939: 938: 931: 858:Internet Explorer 764:Microsoft Windows 760:computer security 657:Internet Explorer 633:Internet Explorer 629:operating systems 593:at first denoted 525: 524: 373:Computer security 340:Keystroke logging 5144: 5097:Types of malware 4885:Product bundling 4858:Delivery methods 4757:Source-available 4687: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4626:Network security 4591:Browser security 4335: 4328: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4179:Secure by design 4110:Hardware Trojans 3943:History sniffing 3933:Cross-site leaks 3828:Network security 3745: 3738: 3731: 3722: 3721: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3646: 3640: 3623: 3614: 3596: 3590: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3500: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3470:. Archived from 3469: 3460: 3454: 3438: 3432: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3364: 3358: 3341: 3335: 3317: 3311: 3297: 3291: 3273: 3267: 3249: 3243: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3205:. Archived from 3192: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3164:Howes, Eric L. " 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3114:. Archived from 3101: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3035: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2946: 2940: 2922: 2916: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2882:on June 18, 2010 2878:. Archived from 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2833: 2827: 2813: 2807: 2789: 2783: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2739: 2733: 2715: 2709: 2693: 2687: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2649:. Archived from 2638: 2632: 2630: 2625:. Archived from 2618: 2612: 2611: 2591: 2585: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2554: 2536: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2492:. Archived from 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2459:. Archived from 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2416: 2410: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2334: 2328: 2316: 2310: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2197: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2147:. Archived from 2146: 2138: 2132: 2116:Keizer, Gregg. " 2114: 2108: 2090: 2081: 2059: 2053: 2045:. June 25, 2000 2037:Hawkins, Dana; " 2035: 2029: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1982: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1944: 1744:Netherlands OPTA 1647:faced lawsuits. 1459:Spyware programs 1324:terms of service 1176:-based spyware. 1162:operating system 1158:Windows registry 1095:Windows Defender 1047:operating system 934: 927: 923: 920: 914: 887: 886: 879: 865:operating system 778: 741:internet surfing 676:Windows Registry 517: 510: 503: 390:Network security 91:Hacker Manifesto 30:Computer hacking 21: 20: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5066:Software patent 5041:License manager 5023:Copy protection 5017: 4962: 4904: 4890:Retail software 4853: 4827:Open-core model 4783:Retail software 4761: 4696: 4691: 4661: 4656: 4635:Countermeasures 4630: 4621:Mobile security 4569: 4560:Palm OS viruses 4525:Android malware 4513: 4427: 4423:Zombie computer 4381: 4345: 4339: 4309: 4304: 4154: 3854: 3842: 3833:Copy protection 3823:Mobile security 3754: 3749: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3647: 3643: 3633:Wayback Machine 3624: 3617: 3607:Wayback Machine 3597: 3593: 3583:Wayback Machine 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3542: 3538: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3451:Wayback Machine 3439: 3435: 3425:Wayback Machine 3411:Wayback Machine 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3375:Wayback Machine 3365: 3361: 3355:apps.leg.wa.gov 3351:Wayback Machine 3342: 3338: 3328:Wayback Machine 3318: 3314: 3308:Wayback Machine 3298: 3294: 3284:Wayback Machine 3274: 3270: 3260:Wayback Machine 3250: 3246: 3236:Wayback Machine 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3209:on May 10, 2011 3193: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3173:Wayback Machine 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3082:on May 13, 2023 3070: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3036: 3029: 3019: 3017: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2933:Wayback Machine 2923: 2919: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2843:Wayback Machine 2834: 2830: 2824:Wayback Machine 2814: 2810: 2800:Wayback Machine 2790: 2786: 2780:Wayback Machine 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2740: 2736: 2732:August 4, 2005. 2726:Wayback Machine 2716: 2712: 2705:Wayback Machine 2694: 2690: 2680:Wayback Machine 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2592: 2588: 2582:Wayback Machine 2572: 2568: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2407:Wayback Machine 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2331: 2326:Wayback Machine 2317: 2313: 2307:Wayback Machine 2297: 2293: 2274:IT Professional 2270: 2266: 2223: 2219: 2174: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2130:Wayback Machine 2115: 2111: 2101:Wayback Machine 2091: 2084: 2070:Wayback Machine 2060: 2056: 2051:Wayback Machine 2036: 2032: 2022:Wayback Machine 2012: 2008: 1999: 1995: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1876: 1839: 1833: 1804: 1755: 1746: 1714: 1709: 1628: 1623: 1612: 1514: 1504: 1480: 1478:Spyware vendors 1467: 1461: 1445: 1433: 1431:Browser cookies 1421: 1372: 1336: 1320:Affiliate fraud 1300:affiliate fraud 1278: 1273: 1213:Mozilla Firefox 1201: 1130: 1061: 1055: 1035: 1029: 935: 924: 918: 915: 909:by introducing 900: 888: 884: 877: 832: 735:While the term 730:public computer 690: 571: 536:spying software 521: 492: 491: 461: 453: 452: 405: 395: 394: 375: 365: 364: 290: 280: 279: 265: 255: 254: 225: 215: 214: 195: 185: 184: 170:Security BSides 145: 135: 134: 80: 66: 65: 61:List of hackers 41: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5150: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5127:Identity theft 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4918: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4581:Anti-keylogger 4577: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4555:Mobile malware 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4362:Computer virus 4359: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4346: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4300:Site isolation 4297: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4198:Authentication 4190: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4176: 4173: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3998:Email spoofing 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3938:DOM clobbering 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3918:Code injection 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3798:Cyberterrorism 3795: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3786:Computer fraud 3783: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3711: 3710:External links 3708: 3705: 3704: 3674: 3641: 3615: 3591: 3574:Festa, Paul. " 3567: 3536: 3510: 3480: 3455: 3433: 3395: 3383: 3366:Gross, Grant. 3359: 3336: 3312: 3292: 3268: 3244: 3220: 3187: 3177: 3157: 3129: 3093: 3063: 3027: 2993: 2967: 2941: 2924:Evers, Joris. 2917: 2893: 2863: 2851: 2828: 2808: 2784: 2765: 2734: 2710: 2688: 2684:Benedelman.org 2664: 2633: 2613: 2586: 2566: 2507: 2474: 2441: 2411: 2391: 2360: 2329: 2311: 2291: 2264: 2237:(5): 293–294. 2217: 2165: 2133: 2109: 2082: 2074:America Online 2054: 2030: 2006: 1993: 1969: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1875: 1872: 1835:Main article: 1832: 1829: 1803: 1800: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1713: 1712:US FTC actions 1710: 1708: 1705: 1632:computer crime 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1538:Antivirus 2009 1530: 1503: 1500: 1479: 1476: 1463:Main article: 1460: 1457: 1447:Shameware or " 1444: 1441: 1432: 1429: 1420: 1417: 1371: 1368: 1340:identity theft 1335: 1332: 1287:New York Times 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1200: 1197: 1170:SpywareBlaster 1154: 1153: 1149: 1129: 1126: 1065:Spyware Doctor 1054: 1051: 1028: 1025: 937: 936: 905:. Please help 891: 889: 882: 876: 873: 831: 828: 689: 686: 587:business model 570: 567: 523: 522: 520: 519: 512: 505: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 482: 479:Nuts and Volts 475: 470: 462: 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 441: 435: 429: 426:Legion of Doom 423: 417: 412: 406: 401: 400: 397: 396: 393: 392: 387: 382: 376: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 291: 286: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 272: 266: 263:Practice sites 261: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 226: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 202: 196: 193:Computer crime 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 146: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 132: 131: 130: 125: 120: 109: 104: 99: 94: 87: 81: 74:Hacker culture 72: 71: 68: 67: 64: 63: 58: 53: 51:Cryptovirology 48: 42: 37: 36: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5149: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880:Pre-installed 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4752:Public domain 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4545:MacOS malware 4543: 4541: 4540:Linux malware 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459:Form grabbing 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4367:Computer worm 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4210:Authorization 4208: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4171:Secure coding 4169: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4140:SQL injection 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4120:Vulnerability 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:Trojan horses 4103: 4101: 4100:Software bugs 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3988:Eavesdropping 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3978:Data scraping 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3948:Cryptojacking 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3637:Ballard Spahr 3634: 3630: 3627: 3622: 3620: 3612: 3611:pcpitstop.com 3608: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3507: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3290:July 28, 2004 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3181: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3111:VICE Magazine 3107: 3100: 3098: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3032: 3020:September 22, 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2914: 2910: 2909:archive.today 2906: 2903: 2897: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2714: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2668: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2628: 2624: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2315: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2188:(3): 237125. 2187: 2183: 2179: 2172: 2170: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2113: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1957: 1953: 1952:Bloomberg.com 1949: 1943: 1939: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1844: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1796:Mercedes-Benz 1793: 1792:Dell Computer 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1766:Eliot Spitzer 1764: 1760: 1750: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1704: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638:, the U.K.'s 1637: 1633: 1618: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1588:SpywareStrike 1586: 1584: 1583:Spyware Quake 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1534:AntiVirus 360 1532: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1428: 1425: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344:chat sessions 1341: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282:180 Solutions 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1217:Google Chrome 1214: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1083:acquired the 1082: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1067:, Lavasoft's 1066: 1060: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1017:Windows Vista 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 998:administrator 995: 991: 987: 982: 979: 975: 973: 969: 965: 960: 957: 953: 948: 945: 933: 930: 922: 919:December 2018 912: 908: 904: 898: 897: 896:single source 892:This section 890: 881: 880: 872: 870: 866: 863: 859: 854: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 812: 807: 803: 799: 798: 792: 790: 784: 782: 777: 772: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 685: 682: 677: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 638: 634: 630: 625: 620: 618: 614: 613: 612:Reader Rabbit 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 566: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 518: 513: 511: 506: 504: 499: 498: 496: 495: 488: 487: 483: 481: 480: 476: 474: 471: 469: 468: 464: 463: 457: 456: 449: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 407: 404: 399: 398: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 377: 374: 369: 368: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 289: 284: 283: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 264: 259: 258: 251: 250:Vulnerability 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223:Hacking tools 219: 218: 211: 210:Script kiddie 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 194: 189: 188: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 144: 139: 138: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 115: 114: 110: 108: 107:Maker culture 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 92: 88: 86: 83: 82: 79: 75: 70: 69: 62: 59: 57: 54: 52: 49: 47: 44: 43: 40: 35: 34: 31: 28: 27: 23: 22: 19: 4941:Trojan horse 4935: 4870:File sharing 4832:Postcardware 4820:Donationware 4795:Crowdfunding 4742:License-free 4503: 4418:Trojan horse 4398:Clickjacking 4244:Data masking 4094: 3803:Cyberwarfare 3695:. Retrieved 3686: 3677: 3667:February 19, 3665:. Retrieved 3654: 3644: 3610: 3594: 3586: 3570: 3560:September 4, 3558:. Retrieved 3549: 3539: 3531:the original 3523: 3513: 3504: 3499:September 4, 3497:. Retrieved 3493:the original 3483: 3472:the original 3458: 3442: 3436: 3416: 3402: 3398: 3386: 3378: 3362: 3354: 3339: 3331: 3315: 3295: 3287: 3271: 3263: 3247: 3239: 3223: 3211:. Retrieved 3207:the original 3200: 3190: 3180: 3160: 3150:September 4, 3148:. Retrieved 3142: 3132: 3120:. Retrieved 3116:the original 3109: 3084:. Retrieved 3080:the original 3075: 3066: 3054:. Retrieved 3043: 3018:. Retrieved 3006: 2996: 2984:. Retrieved 2980:the original 2970: 2960:November 21, 2958:. Retrieved 2954:the original 2944: 2936: 2920: 2912: 2896: 2884:. Retrieved 2880:the original 2875: 2866: 2854: 2846: 2831: 2811: 2804:Mark's Blog, 2803: 2787: 2768: 2756:. Retrieved 2747: 2737: 2730:SunbeltBLOG, 2729: 2713: 2696: 2691: 2683: 2667: 2655:. Retrieved 2651:the original 2647:Spyware Loop 2646: 2636: 2627:the original 2616: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2569: 2527:(15): 5765. 2524: 2520: 2510: 2500:December 21, 2498:. Retrieved 2494:the original 2487: 2477: 2467:December 21, 2465:. Retrieved 2461:the original 2454: 2444: 2434:December 21, 2432:. Retrieved 2423: 2414: 2394: 2382:. Retrieved 2373: 2363: 2351:. Retrieved 2343:Ars Technica 2342: 2332: 2314: 2298:Basil Cupa, 2294: 2280:(5): 25–29. 2277: 2273: 2267: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2185: 2181: 2156:. Retrieved 2149:the original 2136: 2121: 2112: 2104: 2077: 2073: 2057: 2042: 2033: 2025: 2009: 1996: 1985:the original 1972: 1960:. 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